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Kowalczyk T, Merecz-Sadowska A, Ghorbanpour M, Szemraj J, Piekarski J, Bijak M, Śliwiński T, Zajdel R, Sitarek P. Enhanced Natural Strength: Lamiaceae Essential Oils and Nanotechnology in In Vitro and In Vivo Medical Research. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15279. [PMID: 37894959 PMCID: PMC10607815 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Lamiaceae is one of the most important families in the production of essential oils known to have a wide spectrum of biological activity. Recent research has highlighted the dermatological capabilities of various Lamiaceae essential oils, which appear to offer potential in free radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory activity. Some have also been extensively studied for their tissue remodeling and wound-healing, anti-aging, anti-melanogenic, and anti-cancer properties. Certain Lamiaceae essential oils are promising as novel therapeutic alternatives for skin disorders. This potential has seen substantial efforts dedicated to the development of modern formulations based on nanotechnology, enabling the topical application of various Lamiaceae essential oils. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the utilization of various essential oils from the Lamiaceae family over the past decade. It offers an overview of the current state of knowledge concerning the use of these oils as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory agents, wound-healers, anti-aging agents, anti-melanogenic agents, and anticancer agents, both alone and in combination with nanoparticles. Additionally, the review explores their potential applicability in patents regarding skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Kowalczyk
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Anna Merecz-Sadowska
- Department of Economic and Medical Informatics, University of Lodz, 90-214 Lodz, Poland; (A.M.-S.); (R.Z.)
| | - Mansour Ghorbanpour
- Department of Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak 38156-8-8349, Iran;
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (J.S.); (T.Ś.)
| | - Janusz Piekarski
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Medical University in Lodz, 93-513 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Michal Bijak
- Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Śliwiński
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (J.S.); (T.Ś.)
| | - Radosław Zajdel
- Department of Economic and Medical Informatics, University of Lodz, 90-214 Lodz, Poland; (A.M.-S.); (R.Z.)
| | - Przemysław Sitarek
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Ludlow K, Merideth D, Haynes W, Shrivastava V. Relevant Dermatoses Among U.S. Military Service Members: An Operational Review of Management Strategies and Telemedicine Utilization. Cureus 2023; 15:e33274. [PMID: 36741595 PMCID: PMC9891841 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.33274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite skin being the largest and most exposed organ of the human body, skin issues can be challenging to diagnose in deployed military service members. Common reasons deployed soldiers seek dermatological evaluation include infections, inflammatory skin conditions, and skin growth. Due to limited access to specialized care in deployed settings, dermatological conditions are undertreated and underdiagnosed. As a result, dermatological conditions are a leading contributor to decreased combat effectiveness among deployed medical forces. To lessen the burden of dermatological diseases, military providers should promptly identify operational skin diseases and alleviate modifiable barriers faced by service members. In a post-pandemic era with novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and monkeypox infections, the duty to effectively treat operational skin lesions is ever important. The need for military dermatologists continues to rise as the global landscape continues to evolve with unprecedented infections and increased bioterrorism threats. Teledermatology offers many solutions to mitigate the high demand for dermatologists during pandemics. Dermatological consultations account for the highest number of telemedicine visits in the US Military Health System (MHS). As such, increased utilization of teledermatology will reduce infection-related dermatological sequelae and prevent the medical evacuation of service members from military operations. This review collates and categorizes relevant dermatological conditions encountered among deployed personnel. This report outlines the standard of care and modified treatments recommended according to potential barriers faced in operational settings.
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Filipe GA, Silveira VAI, Gonçalves MC, Beltrame Machado RR, Nakamura CV, Baldo C, Mali S, Kobayashi RKT, Colabone Celligoi MAP. Bioactive films for the control of skin pathogens with sophorolipids from Starmerella bombicola. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04575-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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4
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Mathematical model and stability analysis on the transmission dynamics of skin sores. Epidemiol Infect 2022; 150:e207. [PMID: 36397272 PMCID: PMC9987028 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268822001807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a non-linear deterministic model for the transmission dynamics of skin sores (impetigo) disease is developed and analysed by the help of stability of differential equations. Some basic properties of the model including existence and positivity as well as boundedness of the solutions of the model are investigated. The disease-free and endemic equilibrium were investigated, as well as the basic reproduction number, R0, also calculated using the next-generation matrix approach. When R0 < 1, the model's stability analysis reveals that the system is asymptotically stable at disease-free critical point globally as well as locally. If R0 > 1, the system is asymptotically stable at disease-endemic equilibrium both locally and globally. The long-term behaviour of the skin sores model's steady-state solution in a population is investigated using numerical simulations of the model.
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Jelousi S, Sharma D, Alexis A, Murase JE. The Impact of Global Health Disparities on Atopic Dermatitis in Displaced Populations: Narrowing the Health Equity Gap for Patients with Skin of Color. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2022; 12:2679-2689. [PMID: 36261772 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-022-00823-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a relatively common inflammatory skin disease marked by eczematous lesions and pruritus often leading to significant morbidity and quality of life impairment for those affected. Recent studies have shown that patients with skin of color (SOC) carry a larger disease burden than patients of European descent. In the USA, these disparities are partly due to structural, environmental, and interpersonal racism. From a global perspective, there is a paucity of research on the burden of atopic dermatitis and other inflammatory skin diseases experienced by the record numbers of refugees, migrants, and asylum seekers around the world. Although it is still unclear whether the true prevalence of AD in displaced communities is higher compared with the general population, those who are displaced suffer from unique risk factors that render them especially vulnerable. In this review, we outline a number of factors contributing to AD susceptibility and/or aggravation in displaced communities. These include poor living conditions, climate change events, psychological stress, and lack of access to medical care and health-related behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Jelousi
- San Francisco School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Divya Sharma
- Department of Medicine, OhioHealth Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Andrew Alexis
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jenny E Murase
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA. .,Department of Dermatology, Palo Alto Foundation Medical Group, 701 East El Camino Real (31-104), Mountain View, CA, 94040, USA.
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6
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Nowak A, Zielonka-Brzezicka J, Perużyńska M, Klimowicz A. Epilobium angustifolium L. as a Potential Herbal Component of Topical Products for Skin Care and Treatment-A Review. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27113536. [PMID: 35684473 PMCID: PMC9182203 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Epilobium angustifolium L. (EA) has been used as a topical agent since ancient times. There has been an increasing interest in applying EA as a raw material used topically in recent years. However, in the literature, there are not many reports on the comprehensive application of this plant to skin care and treatment. EA contains many valuable secondary metabolites, which determine antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, and antiproliferative activity effects. One of the most important active compounds found in EA is oenothein B (OeB), which increases the level of ROS and protects cells from oxidative damage. OeB also influences wound healing and reduces inflammation by strongly inhibiting hyaluronidase enzymes and inhibiting COX-1 and COX-2 cyclooxygenases. Other compounds that play a key role in the context of application to the skin are flavonoids, which inhibit collagenase and hyaluronidase enzymes, showing anti-aging and anti-inflammatory properties. While terpenes in EA play an important role in fighting bacterial skin infections, causing, among other things cell membrane, permeability increase as well as the modification of the lipid profiles and the alteration of the adhesion of the pathogen to the animal cells. The available scientific information on the biological potential of natural compounds can be the basis for the wider use of EA in skin care and treatment. The aim of the article is to review the existing literature on the dermocosmetic use of E. angustifolium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Nowak
- Department of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich Ave. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.Z.-B.); (A.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Joanna Zielonka-Brzezicka
- Department of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich Ave. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.Z.-B.); (A.K.)
| | - Magdalena Perużyńska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich Ave. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Adam Klimowicz
- Department of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich Ave. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.Z.-B.); (A.K.)
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7
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Xue Y, Zhou J, Xu BN, Li Y, Bao W, Cheng XL, He Y, Xu CP, Ren J, Zheng YR, Jia CY. Global Burden of Bacterial Skin Diseases: A Systematic Analysis Combined With Sociodemographic Index, 1990-2019. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:861115. [PMID: 35547219 PMCID: PMC9084187 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.861115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The latest incidence and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of major bacterial skin diseases (BSD) and their relationship with socioeconomic are not readily available. Objective Describe the global age-standardized incidence and DALYs rates of BSD and analyze their relationship with socioeconomic. Methods All data were obtained from Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 database. The correlation between BSD and socioeconomic development status was analyzed. Results The age-standardized incidence and age-standardized DALYs rate of BSD are: 169.72 million [165.28-175.44] and 0.41 million [0.33-0.48]. Of the two main BSD, pyoderma cause significantly much heavier burden than cellulitis. The change of age-standardized incidence (7.38% [7.06-7.67]) and DALYs (-10.27% [-25.65 to 25.45]) rate of BSD presented an upward or downward trend from 1990 to 2019. The highest burden was in the low-middle sociodemographic index (SDI) area while the area with the lowest burden was recorded in the high-middle SDI area in 2019. Limitations GBD 2019 data of BSD are derived from estimation and mathematical modeling. Conclusion The burden of BSD is related to socioeconomic development status. The results based on GBD2019 data may benefit policymakers in guiding priority-setting decisions for the global burden of BSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xue
- Department of Burns and Plastic & Wound Repair Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Bei-Ni Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Li
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wu Bao
- Department of Burns and Plastic & Wound Repair Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xia Lin Cheng
- Department of Burns and Plastic & Wound Repair Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yan He
- Department of Burns and Plastic & Wound Repair Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chun Peng Xu
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Siming Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Dermatology, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ya Rong Zheng
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chi Yu Jia
- Department of Burns and Plastic & Wound Repair Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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8
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Cong X, Mu Y, Qin D, Sun X, Su C, Chen T, Wang X, Chen X, Feng C. Copper deposited diatom-biosilica with enhanced photothermal and photodynamic performance for infected wound therapy. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj05283g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Considering the increase in drug resistance due to the abuse of antibiotics, the development of non-conventional antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial infections is necessary and urgent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Cong
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, 5# Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yuzhi Mu
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, 5# Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Di Qin
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, 5# Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaojie Sun
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, 5# Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chang Su
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, 5# Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Tongtong Chen
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, 5# Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaoye Wang
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, 5# Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiguang Chen
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, 5# Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1# Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chao Feng
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, 5# Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
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9
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Sangboonruang S, Semakul N, Obeid MA, Ruano M, Kitidee K, Anukool U, Pringproa K, Chantawannakul P, Ferro VA, Tragoolpua Y, Tragoolpua K. Potentiality of Melittin-Loaded Niosomal Vesicles Against Vancomycin-Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcal Skin Infection. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:7639-7661. [PMID: 34819727 PMCID: PMC8606986 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s325901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Staphylococcus aureus is an important human pathogen, especially causing skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs). Over the decades, the infections caused by antibiotic-resistant strains have often become life-threatening. Consequently, exploration and development of competent approaches to combat these serious circumstances are urgently required. Methods The antibacterial activity of melittin (Mel) on S. aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and clinical isolates of vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA) was investigated by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and time-killing assays. The localization of Mel on the bacterial cell was visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy and its effect on the membrane was indicated based on propidium iodide uptake. The non-ionic surfactant vesicle (NISV) or niosome nanocarrier was established for Mel loading (Mel-loaded NISV) by the thin-film hydration method. Physicochemical and in vitro biological properties of Mel-loaded NISVs were characterized. The cellular uptake of Mel-loaded NISVs was evaluated by holotomography analysis. In addition, an ex vivo study was conducted on a porcine ear skin model to assess the permeation ability of Mel-loaded NISVs and their potential to inhibit bacterial skin infection. Results The effective inhibitory activity of Mel on skin pathogens was demonstrated. Among the tested strains, VISA was most susceptible to Mel. Regarding to its function, Mel targeted the bacterial cell envelope and disrupted cell membrane integrity. Mel-loaded NISVs were successfully fabricated with a nano-size of 120-200 nm and entrapment efficiency of greater than 90%. Moreover, Mel-loaded NISVs were taken up and accumulated in the intracellular space. Meanwhile, Mel was released and distributed throughout the cytosol and nucleus. Mel-loaded NISVs efficiently inhibited the growth of bacteria, particularly MRSA and VISA. Importantly, they not only penetrated epidermal and dermal skin layers, but also reduced the bacterial growth in infected skin. Conclusion Mel-loaded NISVs have a great potential to exhibit antibacterial activity. Therapeutic application of Mel-loaded NISVs could be further developed as an alternative platform for the treatment of skin infection via dermal and transdermal delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natthawat Semakul
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Mohammad A Obeid
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Marta Ruano
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kuntida Kitidee
- Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Usanee Anukool
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Infectious Diseases Research Unit (IDRU), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Kidsadagon Pringproa
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Panuwan Chantawannakul
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Valerie A Ferro
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Yingmanee Tragoolpua
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Khajornsak Tragoolpua
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Infectious Diseases Research Unit (IDRU), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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10
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Zhang HH, Zhang CM, Xu QQ, Zhang CH. Effective Treatment of Small Uncomplicated Skin Abscesses with Fire Needle: A Case Series. Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:4085-4090. [PMID: 34675553 PMCID: PMC8502108 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s327089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Uncomplicated skin abscesses are collections of pus within the skin structure and are usually caused by bacterial infections. Clinically, they are quite common and inevitably affect people of any age. The current management strategies comprise prompt initiation of antibiotics and incision and drainage. However, pain and the long healing process of skin lesions can cause distress to a lot of patients. Fire needling is a characteristic treatment in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and has proven effective in treating skin abscesses. Moreover, fire needle therapy has a more desirable cosmetic outcome in contrast to surgical debridement. The purpose of the study is to demonstrate the rapid, effective, minimally invasive, and better cosmetic outcomes of fire needles in the treatment of uncomplicated skin abscesses. Methods A total of 10 patients, aged between 1 and 45 years, with skin abscesses, were recruited. All patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria with lesions less than 4 cm in diameter were topically treated with mupirocin ointment twice a day after fire needle therapy. If the lesion was still purulent after 2 days, it was treated again with fire needle therapy. The efficacy was assessed by a 4-grade scale at 2 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 12 weeks post-fire needling. Results Lesions with a diameter of less than 2 cm achieved significant remission (SR) or partial remission (PR), after 2 days post-treatment and reached complete remission (CR) or significant remission (SR) after 1 week following treatment. Meanwhile, lesions with a diameter of 2-4 cm achieved PR after 2 days and were assessed as CR or SR 1 week after post-fire needle therapy. None of the patients had a recurrence within 12 weeks after treatment. Conclusion Fire needle therapy is a promising treatment method for uncomplicated skin abscesses smaller than 4 cm, which warrants further in-depth and more large-scale studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Huan Zhang
- Department of Dermato-Venereology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Min Zhang
- Department of Dermato-Venereology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Qing Xu
- Department of Dermato-Venereology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Hong Zhang
- Department of Dermato-Venereology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
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11
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Enfrentamiento de las infecciones de piel en el adulto. REVISTA MÉDICA CLÍNICA LAS CONDES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmclc.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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12
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Preda-Naumescu A, Elewski B, Mayo TT. Common Cutaneous Infections: Patient Presentation, Clinical Course, and Treatment Options. Med Clin North Am 2021; 105:783-797. [PMID: 34059250 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcna.2021.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This evidence-based review highlights cutaneous infections of bacterial, viral, and fungal origin that are frequently encountered by clinicians in all fields of practice. With a focus on treatment options and management, the scope of this article is to serve as a reference for physicians, regardless of field of specialty, as they encounter these pathogens in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Preda-Naumescu
- School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1670 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Boni Elewski
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 510 20th Street South, FOT Suite 858, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Tiffany T Mayo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 510 20th Street South, FOT Suite 858, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
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13
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Photodynamic Therapy Combined with Antibiotics or Antifungals against Microorganisms That Cause Skin and Soft Tissue Infections: A Planktonic and Biofilm Approach to Overcome Resistances. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14070603. [PMID: 34201530 PMCID: PMC8308592 DOI: 10.3390/ph14070603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present review covers combination approaches of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) plus antibiotics or antifungals to attack bacteria and fungi in vitro (both planktonic and biofilm forms) focused on those microorganisms that cause infections in skin and soft tissues. The combination can prevent failure in the fight against these microorganisms: antimicrobial drugs can increase the susceptibility of microorganisms to aPDT and prevent the possibility of regrowth of those that were not inactivated during the irradiation; meanwhile, aPDT is effective regardless of the resistance pattern of the strain and their use does not contribute to the selection of antimicrobial resistance. Additive or synergistic antimicrobial effects in vitro are evaluated and the best combinations are presented. The use of combined treatment of aPDT with antimicrobials could help overcome the difficulty of fighting high level of resistance microorganisms and, as it is a multi-target approach, it could make the selection of resistant microorganisms more difficult.
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14
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Gupta Y, Ghrera AS. Recent advances in gold nanoparticle-based lateral flow immunoassay for the detection of bacterial infection. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:3767-3784. [PMID: 34086107 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02357-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diagnosis of bacterial infections (BI) is becoming an increasingly difficult task in clinical practice due to their high prevalence and frequency, as well as the growth of antibiotic resistance worldwide. World Health Organization (WHO) reported antibiotic resistance is a major public health problem. BI becomes difficult or impossible to treat when the bacteria acquire immunity against antibiotics. Thus, there is a need for a quick and accurate technique to detect infection. Lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) is an ideal technique for point-of-care testing of a disease or pathological changes inside the human body. In recent years, several LFIA based strips are being used for the detection of BI by targeting specific analytes which may range from the causative bacterium, whole-cell, DNA, or biomarker. Numerous nanoparticles like lipid-based nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, and inorganic nanoparticles such as quantum dots, magnetic, ceramic, and metallic nanoparticles (copper, silver gold, iron) are widely being used in the advanced treatment of BI. Out of these gold nanoparticle (AuNPs), is being used for detection BI more effectively than other nanoparticles due to their surface functionalization, extraordinary chemical stability, biorecognition, and signal amplification properties and help to improve in conjugation with capture antibodies, and act as a color marker with unique optical properties on LFIA strips. Herein, a review that provides an overview of the principle of LFIA, how LFIA based strip is developed, and how it is helpful to detect a specific biomarker for bedside detection of the BI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yachana Gupta
- Applied Science Department, The NorthCap University, Gurugram, India
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15
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Qiu L, Wang C, Lan M, Guo Q, Du X, Zhou S, Cui P, Hong T, Jiang P, Wang J, Xia J. Antibacterial Photodynamic Gold Nanoparticles for Skin Infection. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:3124-3132. [PMID: 35014400 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Damage or injury to the skin creates wounds that are vulnerable to bacterial infection, which in turn retards the process of skin regeneration and wound healing. In patients with severe burns and those with chronic diseases, such as diabetes, skin infection by multidrug-resistant bacteria can be lethal. Therefore, a broad-spectrum therapy to effectively eradicate bacterial infection through a mechanism different from that of antibiotics is much sought after. We successfully synthesized antibacterial photodynamic gold nanoparticles (AP-AuNPs), which are self-assembled nanocomposites of an antibacterial photodynamic peptide and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-stabilized AuNPs. The AP-AuNPs exhibited aqueous and light stability, a satisfactory generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and a remarkable antibacterial effect toward both Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli upon light irradiation. Moreover, the synthesized nanocomposites significantly inhibited bacterial growth and biofilm formation in vitro. Photodynamic antibacterial treatment accelerated the wound-healing rate in S. aureus infections, mimicking staphylococcal skin infections. Using a combination of the bactericidal effect of a peptide, the photodynamic effect of a photosensitizer, and the multivalency clustering on AuNPs for maximal antibacterial effect under light irradiation, we synthesized AP-AuNPs as a wound-dressing nanomaterial in skin infections to promote wound healing. Our findings indicate a promising strategy in the management of bacterial infections resulting from damaged skin tissue, an aspect that has not been fully explored by our peers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Min Lan
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Qianqian Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Xuancheng Du
- Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science, School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Shuwen Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Pengfei Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Tingting Hong
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Pengju Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Jianhao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Jiang Xia
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Mohanty S, Mahapatra A. In vitro activity of tigecycline against multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates from skin and soft tissue infections. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2021; 62:228-230. [PMID: 33537135 PMCID: PMC7840812 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2021.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tigecycline, a new agent against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, is especially licensed for use in complicated skin and soft tissue and intra-abdominal infections. We aimed to study the recent in vitro activity of tigecycline against MDR Enterobacteriaceae skin and soft tissue isolates. Methods Consecutive isolates (56 Escherichia coli, 48 Klebsiella pneumoniae) were subjected to tigecycline susceptibility testing by Ezy MIC test and interpreted as per European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. Results The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of tigecycline ranged from 0.016 to 48 μg/mL, with MIC50 0.19 μg/mL and MIC90 1.0 μg/mL respectively. Seven (6.7%) isolates were resistant to tigecycline, all K. pneumoniae. Conclusion Tigecycline remains a viable therapeutic option against MDR isolates, with excellent in vitro activity against E. coli and promising activity against K. pneumoniae. However, the limited availability of alternate therapeutic armamentarium necessitates its use with extreme judiciousness along with continuous monitoring for the emergence and spread of resistance. Tigecycline has excellent in vitro activity against MDR E. coli. Tigecycline has comparatively lower activity against MDR K. pneumoniae. Tigecycline remains a viable therapeutic option against MDR E. coli isolates. Limited availability of alternate therapy necessitates cautious use of tigecycline.
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Storandt MH, Walden CD, Sahmoun AE, Beal JR. Trends and risk factors in the antibiotic management of skin and soft tissue infections in the United States. J DERMATOL TREAT 2021; 33:1576-1580. [DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2020.1859442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael H. Storandt
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of North Dakota School of Medicine, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Christopher D. Walden
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of North Dakota School of Medicine, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Abe E. Sahmoun
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of North Dakota School of Medicine, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - James R. Beal
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of North Dakota School of Medicine, Grand Forks, ND, USA
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Mirzaei R, Ranjbar R, Karampoor S, Goodarzi R, Hasanvand H. The Human Immune System toward Staphylococcus aureus. Open Microbiol J 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1874285802014010164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system is responsible for protecting the host from pathogens, and it has evolved to deal with these pathogens. On the other hand, the co-evolution of pathogenic bacteria with hosts has led to the rise of an array of virulence genes that enable pathogen bacteria to evade or modulate the immune system. Staphylococcus aureus is a significant pathogen of humans that encodes several virulence factors that can modulate or evade from the innate and adaptive arm of the immune system. Overall, the immune reaction toward S. aureus contributes to stimulate innate and adaptive reactions. A profound understanding of the immune response to S. aureus infections will be critical for the development of vaccines and novel therapies. In this review, we summarized and discussed the novel information about the human immune system against S. aureus.
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Lei X, Qiu L, Lan M, Du X, Zhou S, Cui P, Zheng R, Jiang P, Wang J, Xia J. Antibacterial photodynamic peptides for staphylococcal skin infection. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:6695-6702. [DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01467b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A multicomponent system centered on antibacterial photodynamic peptides and supported by a regenerative gelatin–collagen (Gel–Col) hydrogel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Lei
- School of Pharmacy
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou
- China
| | - Lin Qiu
- School of Pharmacy
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou
- China
| | - Min Lan
- School of Pharmacy
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou
- China
| | - Xuancheng Du
- Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science
- School of Physics
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- China
| | - Shuwen Zhou
- School of Pharmacy
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou
- China
| | - Pengfei Cui
- School of Pharmacy
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou
- China
| | - Ronghui Zheng
- School of Pharmacy
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou
- China
| | - Pengju Jiang
- School of Pharmacy
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou
- China
| | - Jianhao Wang
- School of Pharmacy
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou
- China
- Changzhou Le Sun Pharmaceuticals Co
| | - Jiang Xia
- Department of Chemistry
- the Chinese University of Hong Kong
- Shatin
- China
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20
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Prusty JS, Kumar A. Coumarins: antifungal effectiveness and future therapeutic scope. Mol Divers 2019; 24:1367-1383. [PMID: 31520360 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-019-09992-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The antifungals that are in current clinical practice have a high occurrence of a side effect and multidrug resistance (MDR). Researchers across the globe are trying to develop a suitable antifungal that has minimum side effect as well as no MDR issues. Due to serious undesired effects connected with individual antifungals, it is now necessary to introduce novel and effective drugs having numerous potentials to regulate complex therapeutic targets of several fungal infections simultaneously. Thus, by taking a lead from this subject, synthesis of potent antifungals from coumarin moiety could contribute to the development of promising antifungal. Its resemblance and structural diversity make it possible to produce an auspicious antifungal candidate. Due to the natural origin of coumarin, its presence in diversity, and their broad spectrum of pharmacological activities, it secures an important place for the researcher to investigate and develop it as a promising antifungal in future. This manuscript discusses the bioavailability of coumarin (natural secondary metabolic molecule) that has privileged scaffold for many mycologists to develop it as a broad-spectrum antifungal against several opportunistic mycoses. As a result, several different kinds of coumarin derivatives were synthesized and their antifungal properties were evaluated. This review compiles various coumarin derivatives broadly investigated for antifungal activities to understand its current status and future therapeutic scope in antifungal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Sankar Prusty
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, CG, 492010, India
| | - Awanish Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, CG, 492010, India.
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21
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You Z, Ran X, Dai Y, Ran Y. Clioquinol, an alternative antimicrobial agent against common pathogenic microbe. J Mycol Med 2018; 28:492-501. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Brandt SL, Klopfenstein N, Wang S, Winfree S, McCarthy BP, Territo PR, Miller L, Serezani CH. Macrophage-derived LTB4 promotes abscess formation and clearance of Staphylococcus aureus skin infection in mice. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007244. [PMID: 30102746 PMCID: PMC6107286 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The early events that shape the innate immune response to restrain pathogens during skin infections remain elusive. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection engages phagocyte chemotaxis, abscess formation, and microbial clearance. Upon infection, neutrophils and monocytes find a gradient of chemoattractants that influence both phagocyte direction and microbial clearance. The bioactive lipid leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is quickly (seconds to minutes) produced by 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) and signals through the G protein-coupled receptors LTB4R1 (BLT1) or BLT2 in phagocytes and structural cells. Although it is known that LTB4 enhances antimicrobial effector functions in vitro, whether prompt LTB4 production is required for bacterial clearance and development of an inflammatory milieu necessary for abscess formation to restrain pathogen dissemination is unknown. We found that LTB4 is produced in areas near the abscess and BLT1 deficient mice are unable to form an abscess, elicit neutrophil chemotaxis, generation of neutrophil and monocyte chemokines, as well as reactive oxygen species-dependent bacterial clearance. We also found that an ointment containing LTB4 synergizes with antibiotics to eliminate MRSA potently. Here, we uncovered a heretofore unknown role of macrophage-derived LTB4 in orchestrating the chemoattractant gradient required for abscess formation, while amplifying antimicrobial effector functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L. Brandt
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Nathan Klopfenstein
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Soujuan Wang
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Seth Winfree
- Indiana Center for Biological Microscopy, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Brian P. McCarthy
- Indiana Institute for Biomedical Imaging Sciences, Department of Radiology, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Paul R. Territo
- Indiana Institute for Biomedical Imaging Sciences, Department of Radiology, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Lloyd Miller
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - C. Henrique Serezani
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Vanderbilt Institute of Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
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23
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Brandt SL, Putnam NE, Cassat JE, Serezani CH. Innate Immunity to Staphylococcus aureus: Evolving Paradigms in Soft Tissue and Invasive Infections. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2018; 200:3871-3880. [PMID: 29866769 PMCID: PMC6028009 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus causes a wide range of diseases that together embody a significant public health burden. Aided by metabolic flexibility and a large virulence repertoire, S. aureus has the remarkable ability to hematogenously disseminate and infect various tissues, including skin, lung, heart, and bone, among others. The hallmark lesions of invasive staphylococcal infections, abscesses, simultaneously denote the powerful innate immune responses to tissue invasion as well as the ability of staphylococci to persist within these lesions. In this article, we review the innate immune responses to S. aureus during infection of skin and bone, which serve as paradigms for soft tissue and bone disease, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Brandt
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Nicole E Putnam
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - James E Cassat
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232;
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232; and
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - C Henrique Serezani
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
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24
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Green P, Munn E. Atopic dermatitis complicated by severe impetigo in a Syrian refugee infant. BMJ Case Rep 2018; 2018:bcr-2017-223149. [PMID: 29764821 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2017-223149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the case of a 3-month-old infant with atopic dermatitis who developed severe impetigo. The child was born to Syrian refugees shortly after they arrived in Canada. The case demonstrates the rapid and nearly complete resolution of dramatic skin findings after a course of hydrocortisone ointment and oral antibiotics with adjuvant measures. For resettled refugees, access to family physicians and local language proficiency are common barriers that negatively impact their health and healthcare. We discuss some aspects of how the healthcare model in one Canadian city addresses these issues in the context of this case. The case also raises questions about the burden of dermatological conditions in refugees while in transit and in countries of resettlement. The few reports that exist suggest that some conditions may be relatively common and that the epidemiology warrants additional investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Green
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Munn
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine,Dalhousie University, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Brandenburg WE, Levandowski W, Califf T, Manly C, Levandowski CB. Animal, Microbial, and Fungal Borne Skin Pathology in the Mountain Wilderness: A Review. Wilderness Environ Med 2017; 28:127-138. [PMID: 28602271 DOI: 10.1016/j.wem.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Mountains are home to numerous organisms known to cause skin disease. Bites, stings, poisons, chemicals, toxins, trauma, and infections all contribute to this end. Numerous plants, animals, fungi, bacteria, viruses, and protozoa are responsible. This paper aims to review skin illness and injury sustained from organisms in the mountains of North America. Other factors such as increased ultraviolet radiation, temperature extremes, and decreasing atmospheric pressure along with human physiologic parameters, which contribute to disease severity, will also be discussed. After reading this review, one should feel more comfortable identifying potentially harmful organisms, as well as diagnosing, treating, and preventing organism-inflicted skin pathology sustained in the high country.
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Affiliation(s)
- William E Brandenburg
- Family Medicine Residency of Idaho, Boise, Idaho (Dr Brandenburg); School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado (Drs Brandenburg, Califf, Manly, and Levandowski).
| | | | - Tom Califf
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, Colorado (Dr Califf); School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado (Drs Brandenburg, Califf, Manly, and Levandowski)
| | - Cory Manly
- Department of Internal Medicine, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland (Dr Manly); School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado (Drs Brandenburg, Califf, Manly, and Levandowski)
| | - Cecilia Blair Levandowski
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado (Drs Brandenburg, Califf, Manly, and Levandowski)
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Abstract
Group A streptococcus and Staphylococcus aureus are the most common bacterial etiologies of skin and soft tissue infections that range in virulence from very mild to limb/life threatening. Antibiotic coverage recommendations are varying and subject to controversy. Antibiotic resistance patterns are evolving with many different biochemical mechanisms. Rapid bacterial identification using mass spectrometry is on the horizon. Therapeutic considerations should include cost and adherence issues.
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Bernardes Filho F, de Oliveira Alves A. Woman With Pain in Left Leg. Ann Emerg Med 2016; 68:422-55. [PMID: 27666349 DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2016.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fred Bernardes Filho
- Emergency Department, Hospital Imaculada Conceição da Sociedade Portuguesa de Beneficência, and the Dermatology Division, Department of Medical Clinics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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