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Kumar R, Thakur AK, Kali G, Pitchaiah KC, Arya RK, Kulabhi A. Particle preparation of pharmaceutical compounds using supercritical antisolvent process: current status and future perspectives. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023; 13:946-965. [PMID: 36575354 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01283-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The low aqueous solubility and subsequently slow dissolution rate, as well as the poor bioavailability of several active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), are major challenges in the pharmaceutical industry. In this review, the particle engineering approaches using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC CO2) as an antisolvent are critically reviewed. The different SC CO2-based antisolvent processes, such as the gas antisolvent process (GAS), supercritical antisolvent process (SAS), and a solution-enhanced dispersion system (SEDS), are described. The effect of process parameters such as temperature, pressure, solute concentration, nozzle diameter, SC CO2 flow rate, solvent type, and solution flow rate on the average particle size, particle size distribution, and particle morphology is discussed from the fundamental perspective of the SAS process. The applications of the SAS process in different formulation approaches such as solid dispersion, polymorphs, cocrystallization, inclusion complexation, and encapsulation to enhance the dissolution rate, solubility, and bioavailability are critically reviewed. This review highlights some areas where the SAS process has not been adequately explored yet. This review will be helpful to researchers working in this area or planning to explore SAS process to particle engineering approaches to tackle the challenge of low solubility and subsequently slow dissolution rate and poor bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Energy Cluster, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, 248007, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Amit K Thakur
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Energy Cluster, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Gergely Kali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Raj Kumar Arya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, 144011, Punjab, India
| | - Anurag Kulabhi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Energy Cluster, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, 248007, Uttarakhand, India
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Adami R, Russo P, Amante C, De Soricellis C, Della Porta G, Reverchon E, Del Gaudio P. Supercritical Antisolvent Technique for the Production of Breathable Naringin Powder. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081623. [PMID: 36015250 PMCID: PMC9414961 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds largely present in fruits and vegetables possessing antioxidant properties, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities. Their use in clinical practice is very poor due to their low bioavailability, susceptibility to oxidation and degradation. Moreover, their slight solubility in biological fluids and a consequent low dissolution rate leads to an irregular absorption from solid dosage forms, even though, anti-inflammatory formulations could be used as support for several disease treatment, i.e. the COVID-19 syndrome. To improve flavonoid bioavailability particle size of the powder can be reduced to make it breathable and to promote the absorption in the lung tissues. Supercritical fluid based antisolvent technique has been used to produce naringin particles, with size, shape and density as well as free flowing properties able to fit inhalation needs. The dried particles are produced with the removal of the solvent at lower temperatures compared to the most used traditional micronization processes, such as spray drying. The best breathable fraction for naringin particles is obtained for particles with a d50~7 µm manufactured at 35 °C-150 bar and at 60 °C-130 bar, corresponding to 32.6% and 36.7% respectively. The powder is produced using a high CO2 molar fraction (0.99) that assure a better removal of the solvent. NuLi-1 cell line of immortalised bronchial epithelial cells adopted to evaluate powder cytotoxicity indicated after 24 h absence of toxicity at concentration of 25 µM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Adami
- Department of Physics E. Caianiello, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
- Correspondence: (R.A.); (P.D.G.)
| | - Paola Russo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; (P.R.); (C.A.); (C.D.S.)
| | - Chiara Amante
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; (P.R.); (C.A.); (C.D.S.)
| | - Chiara De Soricellis
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; (P.R.); (C.A.); (C.D.S.)
| | - Giovanna Della Porta
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Odontoiatry, Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Via Salvatore Allende, 1, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy;
| | - Ernesto Reverchon
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy;
| | - Pasquale Del Gaudio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; (P.R.); (C.A.); (C.D.S.)
- Correspondence: (R.A.); (P.D.G.)
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Formation of Polymer-Carbon Nanotube Composites by Two-Step Supercritical Fluid Treatment. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14237428. [PMID: 34885587 PMCID: PMC8659219 DOI: 10.3390/ma14237428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An approach for polymer-carbon nanotube (CNT) composite preparation is proposed based on a two-step supercritical fluid treatment. The first step, rapid expansion of a suspension (RESS) of CNTs in supercritical carbon dioxide, is used to de-bundle CNTs in order to simplify their mixing with polymer in solution. The ability of RESS pre-treatment to de-bundle CNTs and to cause significant bulk volume expansion is demonstrated. The second step is the formation of polymer-CNT composite from solution via supercritical antisolvent (SAS) precipitation. SAS treatment allows avoiding CNT agglomeration during transition from a solution into solid state due to the high speed of phase transition. The combination of these two supercritical fluid methods allowed obtaining a polycarbonate-multiwalled carbon nanotube composite with tensile strength two times higher compared to the initial polymer and enhanced elasticity.
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Vorobei AM, Parenago OO. Using Supercritical Fluid Technologies to Prepare Micro- and Nanoparticles. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024421030237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Hariyanto P, Myint AA, Kim J. Complete drying and micronization of ecamsule using supercritical CO2 as the antisolvent. J Supercrit Fluids 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2020.105157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Nanoparticles and Nanocrystals by Supercritical CO2-Assisted Techniques for Pharmaceutical Applications: A Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11041476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Many active ingredients currently prescribed show limited therapeutic efficacy, mainly due to their dissolution rate inadequate to treat the pathology of interest. A large drug particle size creates an additional problem if a specific site of action in the human body has to be reached. For this reason, active ingredient size reduction using micronization/nanonization techniques is a valid approach to improve the efficacy of active compounds. Supercritical carbon-dioxide-assisted technologies enable the production of different morphologies of different sizes, including nanoparticles and nanocrystals, by modulating operating conditions. Supercritical fluid-based processes have numerous advantages over techniques conventionally employed to produce nanosized particles or crystals, such as reduced use of toxic solvents, which are completely removed from the final product, ensuring safety for patients. Active compounds can be processed alone by supercritical techniques, although polymeric carriers are often added as stabilizers, to control the drug release on the basis of the desired therapeutic effect, as well as to improve drug processability with the chosen technology. This updated review on the application of supercritical micronization/nanonization techniques in the pharmaceutical field aims at highlighting the most effective current results, operating conditions, advantages, and limitations, providing future perspectives.
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Particle Size Reduction Techniques of Pharmaceutical Compounds for the Enhancement of Their Dissolution Rate and Bioavailability. J Pharm Innov 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-020-09530-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Chaurasiya B, Zhao YY. Dry Powder for Pulmonary Delivery: A Comprehensive Review. Pharmaceutics 2020; 13:pharmaceutics13010031. [PMID: 33379136 PMCID: PMC7824629 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The pulmonary route has long been used for drug administration for both local and systemic treatment. It possesses several advantages, which can be categorized into physiological, i.e., large surface area, thin epithelial membrane, highly vascularized, limited enzymatic activity, and patient convenience, i.e., non-invasive, self-administration over oral and systemic routes of drug administration. However, the formulation of dry powder for pulmonary delivery is often challenging due to restrictions on aerodynamic size and the lung’s lower tolerance capacity in comparison with an oral route of drug administration. Various physicochemical properties of dry powder play a major role in the aerosolization, deposition, and clearance along the respiratory tract. To prepare suitable particles with optimal physicochemical properties for inhalation, various manufacturing methods have been established. The most frequently used industrial methods are milling and spray-drying, while several other alternative methods such as spray-freeze-drying, supercritical fluid, non-wetting templates, inkjet-printing, thin-film freezing, and hot-melt extrusion methods are also utilized. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the respiratory tract structure, particle deposition patterns, and possible drug-clearance mechanisms from the lungs. This review also includes the physicochemical properties of dry powder, various techniques used for the preparation of dry powders, and factors affecting the clinical efficacy, as well as various challenges that need to be addressed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birendra Chaurasiya
- Program for Lung and Vascular Biology, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - You-Yang Zhao
- Program for Lung and Vascular Biology, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, and Department of Medicine (Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Division), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(312)-503-7593
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Vorobei AM, Pokrovskiy OI, Ustinovich KB, Parenago OO, Lunin VV, Miroshnichenko AG. Micronization of Salbutamol Sulfate by Supercritical Antisolvent Precipitation: The Effect of Process Parameters on the Size and Morphology of Particles. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990793118080146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abstract
This review discusses recent developments in the manufacture of inhalable dry powder formulations. Pulmonary drugs have distinct advantages compared with other drug administration routes. However, requirements of drugs properties complicate the manufacture. Control over crystallization to make particles with the desired properties in a single step is often infeasible, which calls for micronization techniques. Although spray drying produces particles in the desired size range, a stable solid state may not be attainable. Supercritical fluids may be used as a solvent or antisolvent, which significantly reduces solvent waste. Future directions include application areas such as biopharmaceuticals for dry powder inhalers and new processing strategies to improve the control over particle formation such as continuous manufacturing with in-line process analytical technologies.
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Abuzar SM, Hyun SM, Kim JH, Park HJ, Kim MS, Park JS, Hwang SJ. Enhancing the solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs using supercritical antisolvent (SAS) process. Int J Pharm 2018; 538:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Oliveira D, Mezzomo N, Gomes C, Ferreira S. Encapsulation of passion fruit seed oil by means of supercritical antisolvent process. J Supercrit Fluids 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Kurniawansyah F, Mammucari R, Tandya A, Foster NR. Scale − Up and economic evaluation of the atomized rapid injection solvent extraction process. J Supercrit Fluids 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Kankala RK, Zhang YS, Wang SB, Lee CH, Chen AZ. Supercritical Fluid Technology: An Emphasis on Drug Delivery and Related Biomedical Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6:10.1002/adhm.201700433. [PMID: 28752598 PMCID: PMC5849475 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
During the past few decades, supercritical fluid (SCF) has emerged as an effective alternative for many traditional pharmaceutical manufacturing processes. Operating active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) alone or in combination with various biodegradable polymeric carriers in high-pressure conditions provides enhanced features with respect to their physical properties such as bioavailability enhancement, is of relevance to the application of SCF in the pharmaceutical industry. Herein, recent advances in drug delivery systems manufactured using the SCF technology are reviewed. We provide a brief description of the history, principle, and various preparation methods involved in the SCF technology. Next, we aim to give a brief overview, which provides an emphasis and discussion of recent reports using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2 ) for fabrication of polymeric carriers, for applications in areas related to drug delivery, tissue engineering, bio-imaging, and other biomedical applications. We finally summarize with perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjith Kumar Kankala
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, P. R. China
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, P. R. China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Xiamen, 361021, P. R. China
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Shi-Bin Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, P. R. China
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, P. R. China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Xiamen, 361021, P. R. China
| | - Chia-Hung Lee
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, 97401, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Zheng Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, P. R. China
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, P. R. China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Xiamen, 361021, P. R. China
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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Jog R, Burgess DJ. Pharmaceutical Amorphous Nanoparticles. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:39-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Mezzomo N, Oliveira DA, Comim SRR, Ferreira SRS. ENCAPSULATION OF EXTRACT FROM WINERY INDUSTRY RESIDUE USING THE SUPERCRITICAL ANTI-SOLVENT TECHNIQUE. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-6632.20160333s20150051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Mezzomo
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil; Catarinense Federal Institute, Brazil
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Chen HH, Su CS. Recrystallizing Primidone through Supercritical Antisolvent Precipitation. Org Process Res Dev 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.5b00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Hsin Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering
and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chie-Shaan Su
- Department of Chemical Engineering
and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
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Meneses MA, Caputo G, Scognamiglio M, Reverchon E, Adami R. Antioxidant phenolic compounds recovery from Mangifera indica L. by-products by supercritical antisolvent extraction. J FOOD ENG 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2015.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Chen HH, Su CS, Liu JJ, Sheu MT. Solid-state property modification and dissolution rate enhancement of tolfenamic acid by supercritical antisolvent process. J Supercrit Fluids 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2015.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Sinha B, Müller RH, Möschwitzer JP. Bottom-up approaches for preparing drug nanocrystals: Formulations and factors affecting particle size. Int J Pharm 2013; 453:126-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Girotra P, Singh SK, Nagpal K. Supercritical fluid technology: a promising approach in pharmaceutical research. Pharm Dev Technol 2012; 18:22-38. [DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2012.726998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Campardelli R, Della Porta G, Reverchon E. Solvent elimination from polymer nanoparticle suspensions by continuous supercritical extraction. J Supercrit Fluids 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2012.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Campardelli R, Adami R, Reverchon E. Preparation of Stable Aqueous Nanodispersions of β-Carotene by Supercritical Assisted Injection in a Liquid Antisolvent. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2012.07.542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Zainudin S, Markom M, Abdullah H, Adami R, Tasirin S. Supercritical Anti-solvent Process for the Enhancement of Dye-sensitized Solar Cell Efficiency: A Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/ajaps.2011.331.342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Su CS, Lo WS, Lien LH. Micronization of Fluticasone Propionate using Supercritical Antisolvent (SAS) Process. Chem Eng Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201000462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Recrystallization of erlotinib hydrochloride and fulvestrant using supercritical antisolvent process. J Supercrit Fluids 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2010.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Aro H, Järvenpää EP, Könkö K, Sihvonen M, Hietaniemi V, Huopalahti R. Isolation and purification of egg yolk phospholipids using liquid extraction and pilot-scale supercritical fluid techniques. Eur Food Res Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-008-0998-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Adami R, Järvenpää E, Osséo LS, Huopalahti R. Influence of Supercritical Antisolvent Micronization Parameters on Nalmefene HCl Powder Characteristics. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1163/156855208x368607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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