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Arthurs AL, Smith MD, Hintural MD, Breen J, McCullough D, Thornton FI, Leemaqz SY, Dekker GA, Jankovic-Karasoulos T, Roberts CT. Placental Inflammasome mRNA Levels Differ by Mode of Delivery and Fetal Sex. Front Immunol 2022; 13:807750. [PMID: 35401528 PMCID: PMC8992795 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.807750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Parturition signals the end of immune tolerance in pregnancy. Term labour is usually a sterile inflammatory process triggered by damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) as a consequence of functional progesterone withdrawal. Activation of DAMPs recruits leukocytes and inflammatory cytokine responses in the myometrium, decidua, cervix and fetal membranes. Emerging evidence shows components of the inflammasome are detectable in both maternal decidua and placenta. However, the activation of the placental inflammasome with respect to mode of delivery has not been profiled. Placental chorionic villus samples from women delivering at term via unassisted vaginal (UV) birth, labouring lower segment caesarean section (LLSCS, emergency caesarean section) and prelabour lower segment caesarean section (PLSCS, elective caesarean section) underwent high throughput RNA sequencing (NextSeq Illumina) and bioinformatic analyses to identify differentially expressed inflammatory (DE) genes. DE genes (IL1RL1, STAT1, STAT2, IL2RB, IL17RE, IL18BP, TNFAIP2, TNFSF10 and TNFRSF8), as well as common inflammasome genes (IL1B, IL1R1, IL1R2, IL6, IL18, IL18R1, IL18R1, IL10, and IL33), were targets for further qPCR analyses and Western blotting to quantify protein expression. There was no specific sensor molecule-activated inflammasome which dominated expression when stratified by mode of delivery, implying that multiple inflammasomes may function synergistically during parturition. Whilst placentae from women who had UV births overall expressed pro-inflammatory mediators, placentae from LLSCS births demonstrated a much greater pro-inflammatory response, with additional interplay of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators. As expected, inflammasome activation was very low in placentae from women who had PLSCS births. Sex-specific differences were also detected. Placentae from male-bearing pregnancies displayed higher inflammasome activation in LLSCS compared with PLSCS, and placentae from female-bearing pregnancies displayed higher inflammasome activation in LLSCS compared with UV. In conclusion, placental inflammasome activation differs with respect to mode of delivery and neonatal sex. Its assessment may identify babies who have been exposed to aberrant inflammation at birth that may compromise their development and long-term health and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anya L Arthurs
- Pregnancy Health and Beyond Laboratory, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Melanie D Smith
- Pregnancy Health and Beyond Laboratory, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Mhyles D Hintural
- Pregnancy Health and Beyond Laboratory, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - James Breen
- South Australian Genomics Centre, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Dylan McCullough
- Pregnancy Health and Beyond Laboratory, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Francesca I Thornton
- Pregnancy Health and Beyond Laboratory, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Shalem Y Leemaqz
- Pregnancy Health and Beyond Laboratory, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Gustaaf A Dekker
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Tanja Jankovic-Karasoulos
- Pregnancy Health and Beyond Laboratory, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Claire T Roberts
- Pregnancy Health and Beyond Laboratory, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Nunes PR, Romao-Veiga M, Ribeiro VR, de Oliveira LRC, de Carvalho Depra I, de Oliveira LG, Peracoli JC, Peracoli MTS. Inflammasomes in placental explants of women with preeclampsia cultured with monosodium urate may be modulated by vitamin D. Hypertens Pregnancy 2022; 41:139-148. [DOI: 10.1080/10641955.2022.2063330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariana Romao-Veiga
- Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Ribeiro VR, Romao-Veiga M, Nunes PR, Peracoli JC, Peracoli MTS. Increase of autophagy marker p62 in the placenta from pregnant women with preeclampsia. Hum Immunol 2022; 83:447-452. [PMID: 35210117 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a multisystemic disorder characterized by abnormal placentation. Autophagy is a lysosomal degradation pathway that removes protein aggregates and damaged organelles, and it seems to be essential for cell survival during stress, hypoxia, and for implantation and development of the placenta. p62/SQSTM1 is an autophagy marker that not only binds proteins destined for elimination but is also constitutively degraded by this mechanism. Considering that the placenta plays an important role in the pathogenesis of PE, the present study aimed to evaluate the gene and protein expression of p62/SQSTM1 in placentas from pregnant women with PE. Placental tissues from 20 women with PE classified into three groups according to gestational age, 27-31 weeks (n = 8); 32-36 weeks (n = 6); 37-39 weeks (n = 6), and 20 normotensives (NT) pregnant women were collected and employed for p62/SQSTM1 expression by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques. p62/SQSTM1 mRNA levels were significantly lower, while protein expression was significantly higher in the placenta of pregnant women with PE than in NT pregnant women, and these results remained similar after separating the groups by gestational age. In conclusion, the results suggest that there is a reduction of autophagic activity in pregnant women with PE. Studies involving cross-talk between autophagy, inflammasomes, nuclear transcription factor (NF-κB) activation pathways, and aggregation of protein in the placenta from women with PE might help to better understand the pathogenesis of this important obstetric pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Rocha Ribeiro
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Romao-Veiga
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscila Rezeck Nunes
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jose Carlos Peracoli
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Terezinha Serrao Peracoli
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Nunes PR, Romao‐Veiga M, Ribeiro VR, Peraçoli JC, Peracoli MTS, De Oliveira L. COVID‐19: a new risk factor or just a new imitator of preeclampsia? NLRP3 activation: a possible commom mechanism. J Med Virol 2022; 94:1813-1814. [PMID: 35092040 PMCID: PMC9015530 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Rezeck Nunes
- Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), BotucatuSao PauloBrazil
| | - Mariana Romao‐Veiga
- Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), BotucatuSao PauloBrazil
| | - Vanessa Rocha Ribeiro
- Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), BotucatuSao PauloBrazil
| | - José Carlos Peraçoli
- Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), BotucatuSao PauloBrazil
| | | | - Leandro De Oliveira
- Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), BotucatuSao PauloBrazil
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Ahmed S, Panda SR, Kwatra M, Sahu BD, Naidu VGM. Perillyl Alcohol Attenuates NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Rescues Dopaminergic Neurons in Experimental In Vitro and In Vivo Models of Parkinson's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:53-68. [PMID: 34904823 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
NLRP3 activation plays a key role in the initiation and progression of a variety of neurodegenerative diseases. However, understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the bidirectional signaling required to activate the NLRP3 inflammasomes is the key to treating several diseases. Hence, the present study aimed to investigate the role of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in activating NLRP3 inflammasome-driven neurodegeneration and elucidated the neuroprotective role of perillyl alcohol (PA) in in vitro and in vivo models of Parkinson's disease (PD). Initial priming of microglial cells with LPS following treatment with H2O2 induced NF-κB translocation to the nucleus with a robust generation of free radicals that act as signal 2 in augmenting NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and its downstream targets. PA treatment suppresses the nuclear translocation of NF-κB, enhances PARKIN translocation into the mitochondria, and maintains cellular redox homeostasis in both mouse and human microglial cells that limit NLRP3 inflammasome activation along with processing of active caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18. To further correlate the in vitro study with the in vivo MPTP model, treatment with PA also inhibited the nuclear translocation of NF-κB and downregulated the NLRP3 inflammasome activation. PA administration upregulated various antioxidant enzymes' levels and restored the level of dopamine and other neurotransmitters in the striatum of the mouse brain, subsequently improving the behavioral activities. Therefore, we conclude that NLRP3 inflammasome activation required a signal from damaged mitochondria for its activation. Further pharmacological scavenging of free radicals restricts microglia activation and simultaneously supports neuronal survival via targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahabuddin Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Changsari, Kamrup, Assam 781101, India
| | - Samir Ranjan Panda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Changsari, Kamrup, Assam 781101, India
| | - Mohit Kwatra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Changsari, Kamrup, Assam 781101, India
| | - Bidya Dhar Sahu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Changsari, Kamrup, Assam 781101, India
| | - VGM Naidu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Changsari, Kamrup, Assam 781101, India
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Nunes PR, Romao-Veiga M, Ribeiro VR, de Oliveira LRC, Zupelli TG, Abbade JF, Peracoli JC, Peracoli MTS. Vitamin D decreases cell death and inflammation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells and placental explants from pregnant women with preeclampsia cultured with TNF-α. Immunol Invest 2021; 51:1630-1646. [PMID: 34937520 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2021.2017452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the impact of vitamin D on Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) and inflammation in placental explants from women with preeclampsia (PE). HUVEC and explants from 10 late-onset PE (LOPE), 10 early-onset (EOPE), and 10 normotensive (NT) pregnant women were cultured with/without tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and VD. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), 18 (IL-18), TNF-α, and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) were detected by ELISA. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) was determined by qPCR/Western blotting, and cell death by flow cytometry. Statistical significance was accepted at p < .05. Compared to the NT group, the endogenous levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-18 were higher in the PE group. The stimulus with TNF-α increased cytokines in NT, TNF-α in EOPE/LOPE, IL-18 in LOPE, and all cytokines in HUVEC. TNF-α+VD treatment decreased cytokines in explant and HUVEC supernatants. TRAIL was higher in EOPE versus NT, while TNF-α increased this receptor in NT versus control. In HUVEC, TNF-α increased TRAIL versus control, and TNF-α+VD decreased levels compared to only TNF-α stimulus. Protein expression of HMGB1 was higher in explant cultures treated with TNF-α and decreased after TNF-α+VD treatment in all groups, and gene/protein expression in HUVEC. Gene expression was elevated in EOPE versus NT and LOPE, and TNF-α increased HMGB1 in NT versus control, while TNF-α+VD decreased mRNA levels in EOPE. TNF-α stimulus increased late apoptosis in HUVEC, while VD increased viability. These in vitro observations suggest that VD administration to women with preeclampsia may be beneficial in reducing placental inflammation and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariana Romao-Veiga
- Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Sao Paulo, Brazil
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7
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Nunes PR, Romao-Veiga M, Matias ML, Ribeiro VR, de Oliveira L, Peracoli JC, Terezinha S Peracoli M. Vitamin D decreases expression of NLRP1 and NLRP3 ninflammasomes in placental explants from women with preeclampsia cultured with hydrogen peroxide. Hum Immunol 2021; 83:74-80. [PMID: 34696918 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of vitamin D (VD) on the NLRP1 and NLRP3 inflammasomes in placental explants from preeclamptic (PE) and normotensive (NT) pregnant women. Placental explants from eight PE and eight NT pregnant women were cultured with or without hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), VD or H2O2 + VD. Gene and protein expression of NLRP1, NLRP3, HMGB1, caspase-1, IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-18 were determined by qPCR and Western blotting/ELISA. Compared to NT pregnant women, the endogenous gene expression of NLRP1, NLRP3, HMGB1, IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-18 was significantly higher in explants from PE and became decreased after VD treatment. Similarly, VD decreased the protein expression of NLRP1, NLRP3, caspase-1, HMGB1, IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-18 in PE. Placental explants from NT cultured with H2O2 showed increased gene and protein expression of NLRP1, NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β, TNF-α and HMGB1, while H2O2 was also able to increase TNF-α and caspase-1 gene expression in PE. Treatment with H2O2 + VD decreased gene/protein expression of NLRP1, NLRP3, caspase-1, HMGB1, IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-18 in PE and NT explants with H2O2. NLRP1 and NLRP3 are upregulated in the PE. VD may play an immunomodulatory role in the placental inflammation and downregulates oxidative stress induced in vitro by H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila R Nunes
- Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Romao-Veiga
- Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana L Matias
- Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa R Ribeiro
- Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro de Oliveira
- Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jose Carlos Peracoli
- Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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8
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Nunes PR, Gomes VJ, Sandrim VC, Peraçoli JC, Peraçoli MTS, Carlström M. Effects of vitamin D-induced supernatant of placental explants from preeclamptic women on oxidative stress and nitric oxide bioavailability in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 54:e11073. [PMID: 34037098 PMCID: PMC8148885 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2020e11073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The study evaluated the effect of the supernatant of placental explants from preeclamptic (PE) and normotensive (NT) pregnant women after tissue treatment with or without vitamin D (VD) on oxidative stress and nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Placental explants were prepared from eight NT and eight PE women, and supernatants were obtained after incubation with or without hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and/or VD. HUVEC were cultured for 24 h with supernatants, and the following parameters were analyzed in HUVEC cultures: NO, nitrate (NO3-), and nitrite (NO2-) levels, lipid peroxidation, and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Results showed that the production of NO3-, NO2-, malondialdehyde (MDA), and ROS were significantly higher in HUVEC treated with explant supernatant from PE compared to NT pregnant women, while the supernatant of PE explants treated with VD led to a decrease in these parameters. A significantly high production of NO was detected in HUVEC cultured with control supernatant of NT group, and in cultures treated with supernatant of PE explants treated with VD. Taken together, these results demonstrated that cultures of placental explants from PE women with VD treatment generated a supernatant that decreased oxidative stress and increased the bioavailability of NO in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Nunes
- Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - V J Gomes
- Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - V C Sandrim
- Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - J C Peraçoli
- Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - M T S Peraçoli
- Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - M Carlström
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Hypoxia and oxidative stress induce sterile placental inflammation in vitro. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7281. [PMID: 33790316 PMCID: PMC8012380 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86268-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) and stillbirth are associated with placental dysfunction and inflammation and hypoxia, oxidative and nitrative stress are implicated in placental damage. Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are elevated in pregnancies at increased risk of FGR and stillbirth and are associated with increase in pro-inflammatory placental cytokines. We hypothesised that placental insults lead to release of DAMPs, promoting placental inflammation. Placental tissue from uncomplicated pregnancies was exposed in vitro to hypoxia, oxidative or nitrative stress. Tissue production and release of DAMPs and cytokines was determined. Oxidative stress and hypoxia caused differential release of DAMPs including uric acid, HMGB1, S100A8, cell-free fetal DNA, S100A12 and HSP70. After oxidative stress pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNFα, CCL2) were increased both within explants and in conditioned culture medium. Hypoxia increased tissue IL-1α/β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNFα levels, and release of IL-1α, IL-6 and IL-8, whereas CCL2 and IL-10 were reduced. IL1 receptor antagonist (IL1Ra) treatment prevented hypoxia- and oxidative stress-induced IL-6 and IL-8 release. These findings provide evidence that relevant stressors induce a sterile inflammatory profile in placental tissue which can be partially blocked by IL1Ra suggesting this agent has translational potential to prevent placental inflammation evident in FGR and stillbirth.
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Hu XQ, Zhang L. Hypoxia and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Pregnancy Complications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030405. [PMID: 33800426 PMCID: PMC7999178 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a common and severe stress to an organism's homeostatic mechanisms, and hypoxia during gestation is associated with significantly increased incidence of maternal complications of preeclampsia, adversely impacting on the fetal development and subsequent risk for cardiovascular and metabolic disease. Human and animal studies have revealed a causative role of increased uterine vascular resistance and placental hypoxia in preeclampsia and fetal/intrauterine growth restriction (FGR/IUGR) associated with gestational hypoxia. Gestational hypoxia has a major effect on mitochondria of uteroplacental cells to overproduce reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative stress. Excess mitochondrial ROS in turn cause uteroplacental dysfunction by damaging cellular macromolecules, which underlies the pathogenesis of preeclampsia and FGR. In this article, we review the current understanding of hypoxia-induced mitochondrial ROS and their role in placental dysfunction and the pathogenesis of pregnancy complications. In addition, therapeutic approaches selectively targeting mitochondrial ROS in the placental cells are discussed.
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Michalczyk M, Celewicz A, Celewicz M, Woźniakowska-Gondek P, Rzepka R. The Role of Inflammation in the Pathogenesis of Preeclampsia. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:3864941. [PMID: 33082708 PMCID: PMC7556088 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3864941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) affects 5-8% of pregnant women, and it is the major cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. It is defined as arterial hypertension in women after 20 weeks of gestation which cooccurs with proteinuria (300 mg/d) or as arterial hypertension which is accompanied by one of the following: renal failure, liver dysfunction, hematological or neurological abnormalities, intrauterine growth restriction, or uteroplacental insufficiency. Currently, pathophysiology of preeclampsia poses a considerable challenge for perinatology. Preeclampsia is characterized by excessive and progressive activation of the immune system along with an increase in proinflammatory cytokines and antiangiogenic factors in fetoplacental unit as well as in vascular endothelium in pregnant women. A single, major underlying mechanism of preeclampsia is yet to be identified. This paper discusses the current understanding of the mechanisms which underlie the development of the condition. Some significant factors responsible for PE development include oxidative stress, abnormal concentration and activity in mononuclear phagocytic system, altered levels of angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors, and impaired inflammatory response triggered by inflammasomes. Detailed understanding of pathophysiology of inflammatory process in PE can largely contribute to new, targeted anti-inflammatory therapies that may improve perinatal outcomes in PE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Michalczyk
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Aleksander Celewicz
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Marta Celewicz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Paula Woźniakowska-Gondek
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Rafał Rzepka
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland
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The NLRP3 Inflammasome Role in the Pathogenesis of Pregnancy Induced Hypertension and Preeclampsia. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071642. [PMID: 32650532 PMCID: PMC7407205 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy-induced hypertension and preeclampsia are associated with significant maternal and fetal mortality. A better understanding of these diseases, delineation of molecular pathomechanism, and efficient treatment development are some of the most urgent tasks in obstetrics and gynecology. Recent findings indicate the crucial role of inflammation in the development of hypertension and preeclampsia. Although the mechanism is very complex and needs further explanation, it appears that high levels of cholesterol, urate, and glucose activates NLRP3 inflammasome, which produces IL-1β, IL-18, and gasdermin D. Production of these proinflammatory chemokines is the beginning of a local and general inflammation, which results in sympathetic outflow, angiotensin II production, proteinuria, hemolysis, liver damage, immunothrombosis, and coagulopathy. The NLRP3 inflammasome is a critical complex in the mediation of the inflammatory response, which makes it crucial for the development of pregnancy-induced hypertension and preeclampsia, as well as its complications, such as placental abruption and HELLP (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets) syndrome. Herein, the presented article delineates molecular mechanisms of these processes, indicating directions of future advance.
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Murthi P, Pinar AA, Dimitriadis E, Samuel CS. Inflammasomes-A Molecular Link for Altered Immunoregulation and Inflammation Mediated Vascular Dysfunction in Preeclampsia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041406. [PMID: 32093005 PMCID: PMC7073120 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-specific multisystem disorder and is associated with maladaptation of the maternal cardiovascular system and abnormal placentation. One of the important characteristics in the pathophysiology of PE is a dysfunction of the placenta. Placental insufficiency is associated with poor trophoblast uterine invasion and impaired transformation of the uterine spiral arterioles to high capacity and low impedance vessels and/or abnormalities in the development of chorionic villi. Significant progress in identifying potential molecular targets in the pathophysiology of PE is underway. The human placenta is immunologically functional with the trophoblast able to generate specific and diverse innate immune-like responses through their expression of multimeric self-assembling protein complexes, termed inflammasomes. However, the type of response is highly dependent upon the stimuli, the receptor(s) expressed and activated, the downstream signaling pathways involved, and the timing of gestation. Recent findings highlight that inflammasomes can act as a molecular link for several components at the syncytiotrophoblast surface and also in maternal blood thereby directly influencing each other. Thus, the inflammasome molecular platform can promote adverse inflammatory effects when chronically activated. This review highlights current knowledge in placental inflammasome expression and activity in PE-affected pregnancies, and consequently, vascular dysfunction in PE that must be addressed as an interdependent interactive process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padma Murthi
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Victoria 3168, Australia; (A.A.P.); (C.S.S.)
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3168, Australia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-03-99059917
| | - Anita A. Pinar
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Victoria 3168, Australia; (A.A.P.); (C.S.S.)
| | - Evdokia Dimitriadis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3168, Australia;
| | - Chrishan S. Samuel
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Victoria 3168, Australia; (A.A.P.); (C.S.S.)
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de Rivero Vaccari JP. The Inflammasome in Reproductive Biology: A Promising Target for Novel Therapies. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:8. [PMID: 32047476 PMCID: PMC6997205 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammasome is a key regulator of innate immunity involved in the inflammatory response to infections as well as disease through the activation of caspase-1 and the processing of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. Even though the inflammasome was first described in the context of infections, most research in recent years has focused on targeting the inflammasome as a therapeutic option in sterile inflammatory events. Recent evidence indicates a clear involvement of the inflammasome in Reproductive Biology such as infertility and preeclampsia. In this mini-review, I summarize the current findings on the inflammasome that have been described in the field of Reproductive Biology and highlight the potential that the inflammasome has as a novel therapeutic option in this field. The topics covered in this review as it pertains to the inflammasome field cover the literature published on male and female infertility, endometriosis, preeclampsia, placental inflammation, and reproductive senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience and Aging, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- InflamaCORE, LLC, Miami, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
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