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Sarlo Davila KM, Boggiatto P, Olsen S, Lippolis JD, Crooker BA, Putz EJ. Effect of selection genotype on immune response to Brucella abortus RB51 in Holstein cattle. Anim Genet 2024; 55:47-54. [PMID: 37946616 DOI: 10.1111/age.13372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Genetic selection for milk production traits in US Holsteins has affected numerous genes associated with reproduction and immunity. This study compares the transcriptomic response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to an in vitro Brucella abortus strain RB51 (RB51) bacterial challenge between contemporary Holsteins and Holsteins that have not been selected for milk production traits since the mid-1960s. Total RNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells from four contemporary and four unselected lactating, primiparous cows following 24-h incubation with or without stimulation with RB51 bacteria. RNA was sequenced and reads analyzed using tools from galaxy.scinet.usda.gov. A total of 412 differentially expressed genes (false discovery rate p < 0.05, log fold change > |1|) were identified. The upregulated genes (genes with higher expression in contemporary than unselected cattle) were enriched for 19 terms/pathways, including alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, indicating a cellular stress response. Downregulated genes (genes with higher expression in unselected than contemporary cows) were enriched for 37 terms/pathways, representing diverse immune responses, including natural killer cell-mediated immunity, interferon-γ production, negative regulation of interleukin-10 production, and cytokine receptor activity indicating a broad immune response with an emphasis on immune defense. These results provide evidence that differences exist between the two genotypes in response to in vitro bacterial challenge. This suggests that contemporary cows, genetically selected for milk production, may have reduced immune function, including limitations in response to intracellular bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn M Sarlo Davila
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa, USA
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Paola Boggiatto
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Steven Olsen
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - John D Lippolis
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Brian A Crooker
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ellie J Putz
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa, USA
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2
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Blasco JM, Moreno E, Muñoz PM, Conde-Álvarez R, Moriyón I. A review of three decades of use of the cattle brucellosis rough vaccine Brucella abortus RB51: myths and facts. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:211. [PMID: 37853407 PMCID: PMC10583465 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03773-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cattle brucellosis is a severe zoonosis of worldwide distribution caused by Brucella abortus and B. melitensis. In some countries with appropriate infrastructure, animal tagging and movement control, eradication was possible through efficient diagnosis and vaccination with B. abortus S19, usually combined with test-and-slaughter (T/S). Although S19 elicits anti-smooth lipopolysaccharide antibodies that may interfere in the differentiation of infected and vaccinated animals (DIVA), this issue is minimized using appropriate S19 vaccination protocols and irrelevant when high-prevalence makes mass vaccination necessary or when eradication requisites are not met. However, S19 has been broadly replaced by vaccine RB51 (a rifampin-resistant rough mutant) as it is widely accepted that is DIVA, safe and as protective as S19. These RB51 properties are critically reviewed here using the evidence accumulated in the last 35 years. Controlled experiments and field evidence shows that RB51 interferes in immunosorbent assays (iELISA, cELISA and others) and in complement fixation, issues accentuated by revaccinating animals previously immunized with RB51 or S19. Moreover, contacts with virulent brucellae elicit anti-smooth lipopolysaccharide antibodies in RB51 vaccinated animals. Thus, accepting that RB51 is truly DIVA results in extended diagnostic confusions and, when combined with T/S, unnecessary over-culling. Studies supporting the safety of RB51 are flawed and, on the contrary, there is solid evidence that RB51 is excreted in milk and abortifacient in pregnant animals, thus being released in abortions and vaginal fluids. These problems are accentuated by the RB51 virulence in humans, lack diagnostic serological tests detecting these infections and RB51 rifampicin resistance. In controlled experiments, protection by RB51 compares unfavorably with S19 and lasts less than four years with no evidence that RB51-revaccination bolsters immunity, and field studies reporting its usefulness are flawed. There is no evidence that RB51 protects cattle against B. melitensis, infection common when raised together with small ruminants. Finally, data acumulated during cattle brucellosis eradication in Spain shows that S19-T/S is far more efficacious than RB51-T/S, which does not differ from T/S alone. We conclude that the assumption that RB51 is DIVA, safe, and efficaceous results from the uncritical repetition of imperfectly examined evidence, and advise against its use.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Blasco
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Zaragoza, España
| | - E Moreno
- Programa de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - P M Muñoz
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Zaragoza, España
- Departamento de Ciencia Animal, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Zaragoza, España
| | - R Conde-Álvarez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra and Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - I Moriyón
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra and Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
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3
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Holt HR, Walker M, Beauvais W, Kaur P, Bedi JS, Mangtani P, Sharma NS, Gill JPS, Godfroid J, McGiven J, Guitian J. Modelling the control of bovine brucellosis in India. J R Soc Interface 2023; 20:20220756. [PMID: 36882115 PMCID: PMC9991488 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2022.0756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis imposes substantial impacts on livestock production and public health worldwide. A stochastic, age-structured model incorporating herd demographics was developed describing within- and between-herd transmission of Brucella abortus in dairy cattle herds. The model was fitted to data from a cross-sectional study conducted in Punjab State of India and used to evaluate the effectiveness of control strategies under consideration. Based on model results, stakeholder acceptance and constraints regarding vaccine supply, vaccination of replacement calves in large farms should be prioritized. Test and removal applied at early stages of the control programme where seroprevalence is high would not constitute an effective or acceptable use of resources because significant numbers of animals would be 'removed' (culled or not used for breeding) based on false positive results. To achieve sustained reductions in brucellosis, policymakers must commit to maintaining vaccination in the long term, which may eventually reduce frequency of infection in the livestock reservoir to a low enough level for elimination to be a realistic objective. This work provides key strategic insights into the control of brucellosis in India, which has the largest cattle population globally, and a general modelling framework for evaluating control strategies in endemic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Holt
- Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, WOAH Collaborating Centre in Risk Analysis and Modelling, Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK.,Communicable Diseases Policy Research Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - M Walker
- Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, WOAH Collaborating Centre in Risk Analysis and Modelling, Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK.,London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - W Beauvais
- Comparative Pathobiology Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - P Kaur
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - J S Bedi
- School of Public Health and Zoonosis, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - P Mangtani
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - N S Sharma
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - J P S Gill
- School of Public Health and Zoonosis, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - J Godfroid
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Hansine Hansens veg 18, 9019 Tromsø, Norway
| | - J McGiven
- WOAH Brucellosis Reference Laboratory, FAO Collaborating Centre for Brucellosis, Department of Bacteriology, Animal & Plant Health Agency, Surrey, UK
| | - J Guitian
- Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, WOAH Collaborating Centre in Risk Analysis and Modelling, Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK
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4
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Olsen SC, Boggiatto PM. Characterization of the duration of immunity of Brucella abortus strain RB51 vaccination in cattle after experimental challenge. Prev Vet Med 2022; 206:105705. [PMID: 35850072 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2022.105705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Fifty-two, Hereford heifers were obtained from brucellosis-free herds and randomly assigned to Brucella abortus strain RB51 (RB51) vaccination (n = 32) or control (n = 20) treatments. Vaccinates received 1010 colony-forming units (CFU) of a commercial lyophilized RB51 vaccine. Immunologic responses after inoculation demonstrated significantly greater (P < 0.05) antibody, interferon-γ responses, and proliferative responses to RB51 antigens in cattle vaccinated with RB51 as compared to controls. A subgroup of control and vaccinated cattle were experimentally challenged at approximately 4, 5, and 6 years after inoculation with 107 CFU of B. abortus strain 2308 at 170-180 days gestation. After experimental challenge, 6 of 14 (43 %) control animals aborted at a higher rate (P < 0.05) when compared to RB51 vaccinates in years 4 and 5, but not year 6 (0 %, 10 %, and 50 %, respectively). When comparing recovery of Brucella from all tissues except head lymph nodes draining the site of challenge, RB51 vaccinates had reduced infection rates (P < 0.05) after experimental challenge at 4 years (14 %), but not at 5 or 6 years (78 % and 67 %, respectively) when compared to non-vaccinated cattle (93 %). Our data suggests that calfhood vaccination with RB51 does not induce lifelong immunity and suggests implementation of booster vaccination by 4-5 years of age should be utilized in endemic areas to maintain high levels of protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Olsen
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA.
| | - P M Boggiatto
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA.
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Improvement of the attenuated mutant strain of Brucella melitensis Rev1 as a potential vaccine candidate. Biologia (Bratisl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-021-00695-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Yanti Y, Sumiarto B, Kusumastuti TA, Panus A, Sodirun S. Seroprevalence and risk factors of brucellosis and the brucellosis model at the individual level of dairy cattle in the West Bandung District, Indonesia. Vet World 2021; 14:1-10. [PMID: 33642780 PMCID: PMC7896884 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.1-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Brucellosis is a zoonotic bacterial infectious disease. West Bandung is a center for dairy farming in West Java Province District and endemic for brucellosis. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence, the associated risk factors, and the brucellosis model at the individual level of dairy cattle in the West Bandung District. Materials and Methods The research was conducted through a cross-sectional study. The samples were collected from the serum blood of dairy cattle. Data obtained from the questionnaire were used to investigate risk factors. Multistage random sampling was applied as the sampling technique; therefore, a sample size of 540 cows was selected. The number of farms and cattle on each farm was calculated using a variant effect design of the farm as well as 108 farms was selected with five cattle samples per farm. The results in regard of the research sample acquisition in the West Bandung District included 588 dairy cows from 116 farms, exceeds the number of samples calculated (540 dairy cows and 108 farms). The rose Bengal test (RBT) and the complement fixation test (CFT) were performed for brucellosis testing. Data associated with brucellosis cases at the individual level of the dairy cattle were analyzed using descriptive statistics univariate, bivariate with Chi-square, and odds ratio (OR). Moreover, multivariate logistic regression was used for the analysis during modeling. Results The results showed that the prevalence of brucellosis at the individual level in the West Bandung District was 5.10%. Risk factors associated with brucellosis in cattle included the history of abortion (p=0.000; OR=9.9), the history of placental retention (p=0.000; OR=6.6), the history of endometritis (p=0.000; OR=5.5), the history of stillbirth (p=0.043; OR=3.0), the history of pregnancy abortion age at 7-8 months (p=0.000; OR=15.2), and the history of pregnancy abortion at the age of 4-6 months (p=0.007; OR=3.8). The model of brucellosis in dairy cows was the following: = -3.2843+3.41033 the history of pregnancy abortion at the age of 7-8 months +2.54503 the history of pregnancy abortion at the age of 4-6 months +1.86185 age of cattle >2 years - 1.0469 Calving interval 12 months. The model showed the factors that were associated with brucellosis at the individual level of dairy cattle included the history of pregnancy abortion at the age of 7-8 months (β=+3.41033; OR=30.3), the history of pregnancy abortion at the age of 4-6 months (β=+2.54503; OR=12.7); age of cattle >2 years (β=+1.86185; OR=1.2), and Calving interval ≤12 months (β=-1.04691; OR=0.34). Conclusion The results of this research showed that the prevalence of brucellosis at the individual level of dairy cattle in the West Bandung district was 5.10%. The risk factors could contribute to the increase of the brucellosis cases, that is, the history of pregnancy abortion at the age of 7-8, the history of pregnancy abortion at the age of 4-6 months, and the age of cattle >2 years. The risk factors can be decreased in the brucellosis cases, that is, calving intervals ≤12 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuli Yanti
- Graduate Student of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.,Epidemiology Laboratory, Disease Investigation Center of Subang, Subang, Indonesia
| | - Bambang Sumiarto
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Tri Anggraeni Kusumastuti
- Department of Social economic, Faculty of Livestock, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Aprizal Panus
- Epidemiology Laboratory, Disease Investigation Center of Subang, Subang, Indonesia
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7
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A. A, Naserpour Farivar T, Peymani A, Aslanimehr M, Bagheri Nejad R. Extraction and characterisation of Brucella abortus strain RB51 rough lipopolysaccharide. BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.2050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is an important zoonotic disease with considerable impacts on human and animal health. Brucella abortus strain RB51 vaccine is used for prevention of bovine brucellosis in Iran. Due to strain roughness, available serological tests cannot detect vaccinated animals. Detection of serological responses to the vaccine is important to monitor accurate vaccination implementation. Rough lipopolysaccharide (RLPS) of RB51 strain was extracted and characterised to develop serological tests for diagnosis of vaccinated animals. RLPS was extracted using phenol-chloroform-petroleum ether and evaluated by limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) assay, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID). According to our results, the extracted RLPS caused positive reaction in LAL assay. In SDS-PAGE, a band with a molecular weight around 14 kDa was identified after specific staining using silver nitrate. Double AGID of the RLPS with a hyperimmune serum resulted in a precipitation line formation. Our study showed that the method can be successfully used to extract RLPS from Brucella abortus strain RB51 as confirmed by LAL assay, PAGE and AGID.
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8
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Zhang N, Huang D, Wu W, Liu J, Liang F, Zhou B, Guan P. Animal brucellosis control or eradication programs worldwide: A systematic review of experiences and lessons learned. Prev Vet Med 2018; 160:105-115. [PMID: 30388992 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Brucellosis is one of the most common zoonoses worldwide, causing huge economic losses in the animal industry and posing a serious threat to human health. Although the World Health Organization (WHO) and World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) has recommended strategies or measures to control or eradicate brucellosis, only some developed countries have achieved freedom from animal brucellosis. In developing countries, brucellosis remains a serious problem, and the importance of its control has attracted little attention. The strategies and measures are difficult to implement effectively in countries with limited resources because the eradication of brucellosis is an expensive, time-consuming and labor-intensive project. Therefore, more effort is needed to explore the appropriate strategies and measures in developing countries. In this study, we collected the available publications regarding brucellosis control or eradication programs in different countries and areas, and summarized the main strategies and measures, supplementary measures, effects, and lessons learned during their implementation. Results showed that the freedom from animal brucellosis was only achieved in three countries among the 23 included countries and areas after the implementation of the programs, which had lasted several decades. Either alone or together, vaccination and test-and-slaughter programs can effectively reduce brucellosis prevalence. Supplementary measures involve a number of aspects, and their effective implementation is crucial to the success of disease control and cannot be ignored. While disease control or eradication requires extensive resources, some studies have shown that a well-designed and well-implemented disease control or eradication program is economically effective. Experience has revealed that even if significant results have been achieved, the project could not be terminated without careful consideration due to the potential for recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Desheng Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Department of Mathematics, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Feng Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Baosen Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Peng Guan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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9
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An Overview of Brucellosis in Cattle and Humans, and its Serological and Molecular Diagnosis in Control Strategies. Trop Med Infect Dis 2018; 3:tropicalmed3020065. [PMID: 30274461 PMCID: PMC6073575 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed3020065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is one of the most common contagious and communicable zoonotic diseases with high rates of morbidity and lifetime sterility. There has been a momentous increase over the recent years in intra/interspecific infection rates, due to poor management and limited resources, especially in developing countries. Abortion in the last trimester is a predominant sign, followed by reduced milk yield and high temperature in cattle, while in humans it is characterized by undulant fever, general malaise, and arthritis. While the clinical picture of brucellosis in humans and cattle is not clear and often misleading with the classical serological diagnosis, efforts have been made to overcome the limitations of current serological assays through the development of PCR-based diagnosis. Due to its complex nature, brucellosis remains a serious threat to public health and livestock in developing countries. In this review, we summarized the recent literature, significant advancements, and challenges in the treatment and vaccination against brucellosis, with a special focus on developing countries.
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10
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Barbosa AA, Figueiredo ACS, Palhao MP, Viana JHM, Fernandes CAC. Safety of vaccination against brucellosis with the rough strain in pregnant cattle. Trop Anim Health Prod 2017; 49:1779-1781. [PMID: 28812192 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-017-1361-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Brucellosis is an infectious and contagious disease that profoundly impacts public health. However, in many countries, disease prevention is restricted to the vaccination of calves, and there is no prophylactic strategy for pregnant heifers and cows. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of the rough strain vaccine against brucellosis in pregnant cattle. Crossbred cows (N = 96) at three gestational periods (early, mid, or late pregnancy) were randomly allocated into the vaccine treatment group or to the control group. We then compared the percentage of pregnancies reaching full term, live calves 60 days after delivery, and seropositive calves. There was no effect of vaccination in any of the gestational periods on the evaluation endpoints. In conclusion, vaccination against brucellosis with the rough strain is safe for pregnant cattle at all gestational periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Agostini Barbosa
- Universidade José do Rosário Vellano, Rodovia MG 179, Km 0, Campus Universitário, Alfenas, MG, 37130-000, Brazil.,Biotran Biotecnologia e Treinamento em Reprodução Animal, Rua Tatuin 447, Alfenas, MG, 37130-000, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Silva Figueiredo
- Universidade José do Rosário Vellano, Rodovia MG 179, Km 0, Campus Universitário, Alfenas, MG, 37130-000, Brazil.,Biotran Biotecnologia e Treinamento em Reprodução Animal, Rua Tatuin 447, Alfenas, MG, 37130-000, Brazil
| | - Miller Pereira Palhao
- Universidade José do Rosário Vellano, Rodovia MG 179, Km 0, Campus Universitário, Alfenas, MG, 37130-000, Brazil
| | - Joao Henrique Moreira Viana
- Universidade José do Rosário Vellano, Rodovia MG 179, Km 0, Campus Universitário, Alfenas, MG, 37130-000, Brazil.,Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, PqEB, Av. W5N, Brasília, DF, 70770-917, Brazil
| | - Carlos Antonio Carvalho Fernandes
- Universidade José do Rosário Vellano, Rodovia MG 179, Km 0, Campus Universitário, Alfenas, MG, 37130-000, Brazil. .,Biotran Biotecnologia e Treinamento em Reprodução Animal, Rua Tatuin 447, Alfenas, MG, 37130-000, Brazil.
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11
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More S, Bøtner A, Butterworth A, Calistri P, Depner K, Edwards S, Garin-Bastuji B, Good M, Gortázar Schmidt C, Michel V, Miranda MA, Nielsen SS, Raj M, Sihvonen L, Spoolder H, Stegeman JA, Thulke HH, Velarde A, Willeberg P, Winckler C, Baldinelli F, Broglia A, Verdonck F, Beltrán Beck B, Kohnle L, Morgado J, Bicout D. Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): infection with Brucella abortus, B. melitensis and B. suis. EFSA J 2017; 15:e04889. [PMID: 32625554 PMCID: PMC7009888 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The infection with Brucella abortus, Brucella melitensis and Brucella suis has been assessed according to the criteria of the Animal Health Law (AHL), in particular criteria of Article 7 on disease profile and impacts, Article 5 on the eligibility of the infection with B. abortus, B. melitensis and B. suis to be listed, Article 9 for the categorisation of the infection with B. abortus, B. melitensis and B. suis according to disease prevention and control rules as in Annex IV and Article 8 on the list of animal species related to the infection with B. abortus, B. melitensis and B. suis. The assessment has been performed following a methodology composed of information collection and compilation, expert judgement on each criterion at individual and, if no consensus was reached before, also at collective level. The output is composed of the categorical answer, and for the questions where no consensus was reached, the different supporting views are reported. Details on the methodology used for this assessment are explained in a separate opinion. According to the assessment performed, the infection with B. abortus, B. melitensis and B. suis can be considered eligible to be listed for Union intervention as laid down in Article 5(3) of the AHL. The disease complies with the criteria as in Sections 2, 3, 4 and 5 of Annex IV of the AHL, for the application of the disease prevention and control rules referred to in points (b), (c), (d) and (e) of Article 9(1). The animal species to be listed for the infection with B. abortus, B. melitensis and B. suis according to Article 8(3) criteria are several mammal species, as indicated in the present opinion.
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12
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Ducrotoy MJ, Ammary K, Ait Lbacha H, Zouagui Z, Mick V, Prevost L, Bryssinckx W, Welburn SC, Benkirane A. Narrative overview of animal and human brucellosis in Morocco: intensification of livestock production as a driver for emergence? Infect Dis Poverty 2015; 4:57. [PMID: 26690090 PMCID: PMC4687311 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-015-0086-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is one of the most widespread zoonoses in the world caused by several species of the genus Brucella. The disease, eradicated in many developed countries, is a re-emerging neglected zoonosis endemic in several zones especially in the Mediterranean region, impacting on human health and livestock production. A One Health approach could address brucellosis control in Morocco but scarcity of reliable epidemiological data, as well as underreporting, hinders the implementation of sustainable control strategies. Surveillance and control policies implemented by the Moroccan government in domestic animals (cattle and small ruminants) in the last few decades are assessed for disease impact. This study considers the origins of animal brucellosis in Morocco and the potential for emergence of brucellosis during a shift from extensive to intensive livestock production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie J Ducrotoy
- Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.
| | - Khaoula Ammary
- Institut Agronomique et Veterinaire Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco
| | | | - Zaid Zouagui
- Institut Agronomique et Veterinaire Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Virginie Mick
- EU/OIE/FAO & National Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, Paris-Est, University/Anses, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | | | | | - Susan C Welburn
- Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
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Dorneles EMS, Sriranganathan N, Lage AP. Recent advances in Brucella abortus vaccines. Vet Res 2015; 46:76. [PMID: 26155935 PMCID: PMC4495609 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-015-0199-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucella abortus vaccines play a central role in bovine brucellosis control/eradication programs and have been successfully used worldwide for decades. Strain 19 and RB51 are the approved B. abortus vaccines strains most commonly used to protect cattle against infection and abortion. However, due to some drawbacks shown by these vaccines much effort has been undertaken for the development of new vaccines, safer and more effective, that could also be used in other susceptible species of animals. In this paper, we present a review of the main aspects of the vaccines that have been used in the brucellosis control over the years and the current research advances in the development of new B. abortus vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine M S Dorneles
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Laboratório de Bacteriologia Aplicada, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Nammalwar Sriranganathan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Center for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
| | - Andrey P Lage
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Laboratório de Bacteriologia Aplicada, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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14
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Wang X, Wang Y, Ma L, Zhang R, De Y, Yang X, Wang C, Wu Q. Development of an improved competitive ELISA based on a monoclonal antibody against lipopolysaccharide for the detection of bovine brucellosis. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11:118. [PMID: 25993986 PMCID: PMC4438517 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0436-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Brucellosis is the most common bacterial zoonosis, and serological tests are routinely used in brucellosis control and eradication programs. In order to improve the accuracy of serological diagnostic method used in bovine brucellosis detection, this study developed an improved competitive ELISA with higher specificity and good sensitivity. Results This study prepared 12 monoclonal antibodies against smooth Brucella lipopolysaccharide. One monoclonal antibody 3 F9, presented C epitope specificity, was used to develop a competitive ELISA for the serological detection of bovine brucellosis. The competitive ELISA, a commercial competitive ELISA kit, the rose-bengal plate agglutination test, and a microplate agglutination test were all used in the detection of 6 hyperimmune antisera against other commonly cross-reacted bacterial pathogens and 110 clinical bovine serum samples. The results of the test comparisons indicated that the competitive ELISA had higher specificity than the commercial competitive ELISA kit and RBT, and comparable sensitivity with the commercial ELISA kit. Conclusions This study provided a valuable detection tool with high specificity and good sensitivity, which prevent the wrong-culling of bovines in the eradication campaigns of bovine brucellosis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-015-0436-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China. .,Zhumadian Animal Disease Control Center, Zhumadian, China.
| | - Limei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| | - Ran Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yanyan De
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaowen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| | - Chuanqing Wang
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Qingmin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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Saez JL, Sanz C, Durán M, García P, Fernandez F, Minguez O, Carbajo L, Mardones F, Perez A, Gonzalez S, Dominguez L, Alvarez J. Comparison of depopulation and S19-RB51 vaccination strategies for control of bovine brucellosis in high prevalence areas. Vet Rec 2014; 174:634. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.101979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. L. Saez
- Subdirección General de Sanidad e Higiene Animal y Trazabilidad; Ministerio de Agricultura; Alimentación y Medio Ambiente; Madrid 28071 Spain
| | - C. Sanz
- Servicio de Sanidad Animal; Consejería de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural; Junta de Extremadura Mérida 06800 Spain
| | - M. Durán
- Laboratorio Central de Sanidad Animal; Ministerio de Agricultura; Alimentación y Medio Ambiente; Santa Fe Granada 18320 Spain
| | - P. García
- Servicio de Sanidad Animal; Consejería de Agricultura; Junta de Comunidades de Castilla la Mancha; Toledo 45071 Spain
| | - F. Fernandez
- Servicio de Sanidad y Bienestar Animal; Gobierno de Cantabria; Santander 39011 Spain
| | - O. Minguez
- Servicio de Sanidad Animal; Junta de Castilla y León; Valladolid 47071 Spain
| | - L. Carbajo
- Subdirección General de Sanidad e Higiene Animal y Trazabilidad; Ministerio de Agricultura; Alimentación y Medio Ambiente; Madrid 28071 Spain
| | - F. Mardones
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology; Center for Animal Disease Modeling and Surveillance (CADMS); School of Veterinary Medicine; University of California; Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - A. Perez
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine; University of Minnesota; Saint Paul MN 55108 USA
| | - S. Gonzalez
- Centro VISAVET; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Madrid 28040 Spain
| | - L. Dominguez
- Centro VISAVET; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Madrid 28040 Spain
- Facultad de Veterinaria; Departamento de Sanidad Animal; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Madrid 28040 Spain
| | - J. Alvarez
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine; University of Minnesota; Saint Paul MN 55108 USA
- Centro VISAVET; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Madrid 28040 Spain
- Servicio de Microbiología; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS); Madrid 28034 Spain
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16
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Caetano MC, Afonso F, Ribeiro R, Fonseca AP, Abernethy DA, Boinas F. Control of Bovine Brucellosis from Persistently Infected Holdings Using RB51 Vaccination with Test-and-Slaughter: A Comparative Case Report from a High Incidence Area in Portugal. Transbound Emerg Dis 2014; 63:e39-47. [PMID: 24739513 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bovine brucellosis due to Brucella abortus infection causes significant reproductive and production losses in cattle and is a major zoonosis. Eradication of this disease has proved difficult to achieve in Portugal where it still occurs in some regions despite an ongoing national eradication programme. In 2004, the Alentejo region, a major cattle producing area, reported one of the highest levels of bovine brucellosis in the country, especially in one divisional area. In that area, bovine brucellosis was particularly problematic in a holding of ten herds, the largest extensive cattle unit in the country, which remained infected despite an extensive test-and-slaughter programme and depopulation of five herds. A 5-year programme of RB51 vaccination with biannual test-and-slaughter was thus implemented in 2004. The apparent animal seroprevalence decreased from 19% (646/3,400) to 3% (88/2930) on the third herd-level test and remained below 0.8% (27/3324) after the fourth test. After the tenth test, the holding had a prevalence of 0.1% (2/2332) and only one herd remained positive with a within-herd prevalence of 1.1% (2/177). The results were compared to all other herds (n = 10) in the divisional area that were also persistently infected but were subject only to test-and-slaughter before being depopulated. In these herds, the strategy of test-and-slaughter did not reduce the prevalence, which remained significantly higher than the vaccinated group (median = 0.48% and 8.5% in vaccinated versus non-vaccinated herds; Wilcoxon rank sum test; P < 0.01). The success of this pilot programme in continental Portugal provided a valuable case study to the official veterinary services by illustrating the value of RB51 vaccination with parallel testing and improved biosecurity as a comprehensive and sustainable strategy for bovine brucellosis control in persistently infected herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Caetano
- Direcção Geral de Alimentação e Veterinária, Largo da Academia Nacional de Belas Artes, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - F Afonso
- Direcção Geral de Alimentação e Veterinária, Largo da Academia Nacional de Belas Artes, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - R Ribeiro
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - A P Fonseca
- Direcção Geral de Alimentação e Veterinária, Largo da Academia Nacional de Belas Artes, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - D A Abernethy
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - F Boinas
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Pérez-Sancho M, Adone R, García-Seco T, Tarantino M, Diez-Guerrier A, Drumo R, Francia M, Domínguez L, Pasquali P, Álvarez J. Evaluation of the immunogenicity and safety of Brucella melitensis B115 vaccination in pregnant sheep. Vaccine 2014; 32:1877-81. [PMID: 24508034 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.01.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In spite of its limitations, Rev.1 is currently recognized as the most suitable vaccine against Brucella melitensis (the causative agent of ovine and caprine brucellosis). However, its use is limited to young animals when test-and-slaughter programs are in place because of the occurrence of false positive-reactions due to Rev.1 vaccination. The B. melitensis B115 rough strain has demonstrated its efficacy against B. melitensis virulent strains in the mouse model, but there is a lack of information regarding its potential use in small ruminants for brucellosis control. Here, the safety and immune response elicited by B115 strain inoculation were evaluated in pregnant ewes vaccinated at their midpregnancy. Vaccinated (n=8) and non-vaccinated (n=3) sheep were periodically sampled and analyzed for the 108 days following inoculations using tests designed for the detection of the response elicited by the B115 strain and routine serological tests for brucellosis [Rose Bengal Test (RBT), Complement Fixation Test (CFT) and blocking ELISA (ELISAb)]. Five out of the 8 vaccinated animals aborted, indicating a significant abortifacient effect of B115 inoculation at midpregnancy. In addition, a smooth strain was recovered from one vaccinated animal, suggesting the occurrence of an in vivo reversion phenomenon. Only one animal was positive in both RBT and CFT simultaneously (91 days after vaccination) confirming the lack of induction of cross-reacting antibody responses interfering with routine brucellosis diagnostic tests in most B115-vaccinated animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pérez-Sancho
- Centro VISAVET, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Puerta de Hierro, s/n, PC 28040, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Puerta de Hierro, s/n, PC 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rosanna Adone
- Unit Prophylaxis and Control of Bacterial Zoonoses, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, PC 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Teresa García-Seco
- Centro VISAVET, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Puerta de Hierro, s/n, PC 28040, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Puerta de Hierro, s/n, PC 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Michaela Tarantino
- Unit Prophylaxis and Control of Bacterial Zoonoses, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, PC 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alberto Diez-Guerrier
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Puerta de Hierro, s/n, PC 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rosanna Drumo
- Unit Prophylaxis and Control of Bacterial Zoonoses, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, PC 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Massimiliano Francia
- Unit Prophylaxis and Control of Bacterial Zoonoses, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, PC 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Lucas Domínguez
- Centro VISAVET, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Puerta de Hierro, s/n, PC 28040, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Puerta de Hierro, s/n, PC 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Paolo Pasquali
- Unit Prophylaxis and Control of Bacterial Zoonoses, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, PC 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Julio Álvarez
- Centro VISAVET, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Puerta de Hierro, s/n, PC 28040, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Ctra. Colmenar Viejo, km. 9.100, PC 28034 Madrid, Spain.
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Ron L, Benitez W, Speybroeck N, Ron J, Saegerman C, Berkvens D, Abatih E. Spatio-temporal clusters of incident human brucellosis cases in Ecuador. Spat Spatiotemporal Epidemiol 2013; 5:1-10. [PMID: 23725883 DOI: 10.1016/j.sste.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine whether variations in the incidence of reported cases of human brucellosis in Ecuador were clustered in space and time. In addition, the effects of cattle and small ruminant population density and other socio-economic factors on the incidence were investigated. Significant space-time clusters were found in the northern and southern highlands and parts of Ecuadorian Amazonia. Customs of people, cattle, goat and sheep population density appeared to influence the incidence of brucellosis. In this study, the incidence of reported cases of human brucellosis was found to be higher in the highlands (sierra) and in municipalities near Peru and Colombia. The results of this study highlight the need for prevention and control measures aimed at abating the incidence of brucellosis among livestock and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenin Ron
- Centro Internacional de Zoonosis, P.O. Box: 17-03-100, Geronimo Leyton SN y Gato Sobral, Ciudadela Universitaria, Quito, Ecuador
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Ferreira AC, Chambel L, Tenreiro T, Cardoso R, Flor L, Dias IT, Pacheco T, Garin-Bastuji B, Le Flèche P, Vergnaud G, Tenreiro R, de Sá MIC. MLVA16 typing of Portuguese human and animal Brucella melitensis and Brucella abortus isolates. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42514. [PMID: 22905141 PMCID: PMC3419166 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the epidemiological relationship of isolates from different Portuguese geographical regions and to assess the diversity among isolates, the MLVA16Orsay assay (panels 1, 2A and 2B) was performed with a collection of 126 Brucella melitensis (46 human and 80 animal isolates) and 157 B. abortus field isolates, seven vaccine strains and the representative reference strains of each species. The MLVA16Orsay showed a similar high discriminatory power (HGDI 0.972 and 0.902) for both species but panel 1 and 2A markers displayed higher diversity (HGDI 0.693) in B. abortus compared to B. melitensis isolates (HGDI 0.342). The B. melitensis population belong to the “Americas” (17%) and “East Mediterranean” (83%) groups. No isolate belonged to the “West Mediterranean” group. Eighty-five percent of the human isolates (39 in 46) fit in the “East-Mediterranean” group where a single lineage known as MLVA11 genotype 116 is responsible for the vast majority of Brucella infections in humans. B. abortus isolates formed a consistent group with bv1 and bv3 isolates in different clusters. Four MLVA11 genotypes were observed for the first time in isolates from S. Jorge and Terceira islands from Azores. From the collection of isolates analysed in this study we conclude that MLVA16Orsay provided a clear view of Brucella spp. population, confirming epidemiological linkage in outbreak investigations. In particular, it suggests recent and ongoing colonisation of Portugal with one B. melitensis lineage usually associated with East Mediterranean countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Ferreira
- Laboratório Nacional de Investigação Veterinária, Instituto Nacional de Recursos Biológicos, IP, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Godfroid J, Scholz HC, Barbier T, Nicolas C, Wattiau P, Fretin D, Whatmore AM, Cloeckaert A, Blasco JM, Moriyon I, Saegerman C, Muma JB, Al Dahouk S, Neubauer H, Letesson JJ. Brucellosis at the animal/ecosystem/human interface at the beginning of the 21st century. Prev Vet Med 2011; 102:118-31. [PMID: 21571380 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2011.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Following the recent discovery of new Brucella strains from different animal species and from the environment, ten Brucella species are nowadays included in the genus Brucella. Although the intracellular trafficking of Brucella is well described, the strategies developed by Brucella to survive and multiply in phagocytic and non-phagocytic cells, particularly to access nutriments during its intracellular journey, are still largely unknown. Metabolism and virulence of Brucella are now considered to be two sides of the same coin. Mechanisms presiding to the colonization of the pregnant uterus in different animal species are not known. Vaccination is the cornerstone of control programs in livestock and although the S19, RB51 (both in cattle) and Rev 1 (in sheep and goats) vaccines have been successfully used worldwide, they have drawbacks and thus the ideal brucellosis vaccine is still very much awaited. There is no vaccine available for pigs and wildlife. Animal brucellosis control strategies differ in the developed and the developing world. Most emphasis is put on eradication and on risk analysis to avoid the re-introduction of Brucella in the developed world. Information related to the prevalence of brucellosis is still scarce in the developing world and control programs are rarely implemented. Since there is no vaccine available for humans, prevention of human brucellosis relies on its control in the animal reservoir. Brucella is also considered to be an agent to be used in bio- and agroterrorism attacks. At the animal/ecosystem/human interface it is critical to reduce opportunities for Brucella to jump host species as already seen in livestock, wildlife and humans. This task is a challenge for the future in terms of veterinary public health, as for wildlife and ecosystem managers and will need a "One Health" approach to be successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Godfroid
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Tromsø, Norway.
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Mass vaccination as a complementary tool in the control of a severe outbreak of bovine brucellosis due to Brucella abortus in Extremadura, Spain. Prev Vet Med 2010; 97:119-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2010.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2009] [Revised: 08/04/2010] [Accepted: 08/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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