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Ferrara G, Iovane V, Moje N, Improda E, Iovane G, Pagnini U, Montagnaro S. Cattle exposure to bubaline herpesvirus (BuHV-1) in Southern Italy: A hidden threat for IBR eradication? Prev Vet Med 2024; 224:106116. [PMID: 38271923 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
There is sufficient evidence that both bovine herpesvirus (BoHV-1) and bubaline herpesvirus (BuHV-1) can overcome the species barrier represented by their respective hosts, cattle and buffalo. Although several studies have focused on the impact of BoHV-1 on buffalo, little is known about the impact of BuHV-1 on cattle. In this work, we evaluated the seroprevalence of BuHV-1 in the cattle population in an area where intensive buffalo farming is highly developed (Campania region, Italy). BuHV-1 seroprevalence of cattle sampled in this study was estimated to be 21.4% using a specific commercial ELISA for the detection of antibodies against glycoprotein E of the virus. Risk factor assessment by univariate analysis revealed a correlation between housing type and higher prevalence. Similarly, cattle housed with buffalo and adult animals had a higher likelihood of being seropositive. BoHV-1 vaccination did not prove to be a protective factor against BuHV-1 exposure. The role of age, grazing, and co-living with buffalo in influencing BuHV-1 exposure was also confirmed by multivariate analysis. All BuHV-1 positive animals were also tested with cross-serum neutralization aimed at evaluating the specific antibody titers against BoHV-1 and BuHV-1. We, therefore, assessed the potential cross-reaction between BoHV-1 and BuHV-1, the co-infection rate, and the agreement of the assays used. This study described the presence of BuHV-1 in the cattle population of the Campania region (Italy) and indicated the requirement to take BuHV-1 into consideration for any measures and control and/or eradication plans to be applied against BoHV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianmarco Ferrara
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino n.1, 80137 Naples, Italy.
| | - Valentina Iovane
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Nebyou Moje
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
| | - Elvira Improda
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino n.1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Iovane
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino n.1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Ugo Pagnini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino n.1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Serena Montagnaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino n.1, 80137 Naples, Italy
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Petrini S, Righi C, Costantino G, Scoccia E, Gobbi P, Pellegrini C, Pela M, Giammarioli M, Viola G, Sabato R, Tinelli E, Feliziani F. Assessment of BoAHV-1 Seronegative Latent Carrier by the Administration of Two Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis Live Marker Vaccines in Calves. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:161. [PMID: 38400144 PMCID: PMC10891659 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12020161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Seronegative latent carriers (SNLCs) are animals that carry the virus without detectable antibodies and pose a risk for disease transmission and diagnostic challenges, suggesting the importance of consideration of marker vaccines in managing them. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated two modified live infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) marker vaccines (single and double deletions) for their ability to generate SNLC calves. These vaccines were administered to four groups (n = 3 in each group) of three-month-old calves in the presence or absence of passive immunity. Three hundred days after the first vaccination and after confirming the IBR seronegativity of all animals, dexamethasone was administered intravenously for five consecutive days. Only animals immunized with the modified live IBR marker vaccine (single deletion) in the absence of passive immunity exhibited a more enduring immune response than those vaccinated in the presence of passive immunity. Moreover, the administration of a modified live IBR marker vaccine (double deletion) to calves with passive immunity generated SNLC. These findings underscore the potential of live IBR marker vaccine (double-deletions) to aid serological diagnostic tools and develop vaccination protocols in achieving the desired immune response, particularly in the context of latent carrier status, offering valuable insights into optimizing vaccination strategies for effective IBR control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Petrini
- National Reference Centre for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche, “Togo Rosati”, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (C.R.); (G.C.); (E.S.); (P.G.); (C.P.); (M.P.); (M.G.); (R.S.); (E.T.); (F.F.)
| | - Cecilia Righi
- National Reference Centre for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche, “Togo Rosati”, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (C.R.); (G.C.); (E.S.); (P.G.); (C.P.); (M.P.); (M.G.); (R.S.); (E.T.); (F.F.)
| | - Giulia Costantino
- National Reference Centre for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche, “Togo Rosati”, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (C.R.); (G.C.); (E.S.); (P.G.); (C.P.); (M.P.); (M.G.); (R.S.); (E.T.); (F.F.)
| | - Eleonora Scoccia
- National Reference Centre for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche, “Togo Rosati”, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (C.R.); (G.C.); (E.S.); (P.G.); (C.P.); (M.P.); (M.G.); (R.S.); (E.T.); (F.F.)
| | - Paola Gobbi
- National Reference Centre for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche, “Togo Rosati”, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (C.R.); (G.C.); (E.S.); (P.G.); (C.P.); (M.P.); (M.G.); (R.S.); (E.T.); (F.F.)
| | - Claudia Pellegrini
- National Reference Centre for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche, “Togo Rosati”, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (C.R.); (G.C.); (E.S.); (P.G.); (C.P.); (M.P.); (M.G.); (R.S.); (E.T.); (F.F.)
| | - Michela Pela
- National Reference Centre for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche, “Togo Rosati”, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (C.R.); (G.C.); (E.S.); (P.G.); (C.P.); (M.P.); (M.G.); (R.S.); (E.T.); (F.F.)
| | - Monica Giammarioli
- National Reference Centre for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche, “Togo Rosati”, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (C.R.); (G.C.); (E.S.); (P.G.); (C.P.); (M.P.); (M.G.); (R.S.); (E.T.); (F.F.)
| | - Giulio Viola
- Viola Giulio dairy cattle farm, 62026 Macerata, Italy;
| | - Roberto Sabato
- National Reference Centre for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche, “Togo Rosati”, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (C.R.); (G.C.); (E.S.); (P.G.); (C.P.); (M.P.); (M.G.); (R.S.); (E.T.); (F.F.)
| | - Elena Tinelli
- National Reference Centre for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche, “Togo Rosati”, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (C.R.); (G.C.); (E.S.); (P.G.); (C.P.); (M.P.); (M.G.); (R.S.); (E.T.); (F.F.)
| | - Francesco Feliziani
- National Reference Centre for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche, “Togo Rosati”, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (C.R.); (G.C.); (E.S.); (P.G.); (C.P.); (M.P.); (M.G.); (R.S.); (E.T.); (F.F.)
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Grandoni F, Hussen J, Signorelli F, Napolitano F, Scatà MC, De Donato I, Cappelli G, Galiero G, Grassi C, De Carlo E, Petrini S, De Matteis G, Martucciello A. Evaluation of Hematological Profiles and Monocyte Subpopulations in Water Buffalo Calves after Immunization with Two Different IBR Marker Vaccines and Subsequent Infection with Bubaline alphaherpesvirus-1. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1405. [PMID: 37766082 PMCID: PMC10537172 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11091405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bubaline alphaherpesvirus-1 (BuAHV-1) and Bovine alphaherpesvirus-1 (BoAHV-1) are respiratory viruses that can cause an infection known as "Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis" (IBR) in both water buffalo and bovine species. As the main disease control strategy, vaccination can protect animals from clinical disease through the development of specific humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. In the present study, the time-related circulatory kinetics of hematological profile and bubaline monocyte subsets have been investigated in vaccinated buffalo calves after challenge infections with BuAHV-1. Thirteen buffalo calves were selected and grouped into the VAX-1 group, which received an IBR-live-attenuated gE-/tk-deleted marker vaccine; the VAX-2 group, which received an IBR-inactivated gE-deleted marker vaccine; the CNT group, which remained an unvaccinated control. Fifty-five days after the first vaccination, the animals were infected with 5 × 105.00 TCID50/mL of wild-type BuAHV-1 strain via the intranasal route. Whole blood samples were collected at 0, 2, 4, 7, 10, 15, 30, and 63 days post-challenge (PCDs) for the analysis of hematological profiles and the enumeration of monocyte subsets via flow cytometry. The analysis of leukocyte compositions revealed that neutrophils were the main leukocyte population, with a relative increase during the acute infection. On the other hand, a general decrease in the proportion of lymphocytes was observed early in the post-infection, both for the VAX-1 and VAX-2 groups, while in the CNT group, the decrease was observed later at +30 and +63 PCDs. An overall infection-induced increase in blood total monocytes was observed in all groups. The rise was especially marked in the animals vaccinated with an IBR-live-attenuated gE-/tK-deleted marker vaccine (VAX-1 group). A multicolor flow cytometry panel was used to identify the bubaline monocyte subpopulations (classical = cM; intermediate = intM; and non-classical = ncM) and to investigate their variations during BuAHV-1 infection. Our results showed an early increase in cMs followed by a second wave of intMs. This increase was observed mainly after stimulation with live-attenuated viruses in the VAX-1 group compared with the animals vaccinated with the inactivated vaccine or the non-vaccinated animal group. In summary, the present study characterized, for the first time, the hematological profile and distribution of blood monocyte subsets in vaccinated and non-vaccinated water buffalo in response to experimental infection with BuAHV-1. Although not experimentally proven, our results support the hypothesis of a linear developmental relationship between monocyte subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Grandoni
- Research Centre for Animal Production and Aquaculture, Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria (CREA), 00015 Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Jamal Hussen
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 36362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Federica Signorelli
- Research Centre for Animal Production and Aquaculture, Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria (CREA), 00015 Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Francesco Napolitano
- Research Centre for Animal Production and Aquaculture, Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria (CREA), 00015 Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Maria Carmela Scatà
- Research Centre for Animal Production and Aquaculture, Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria (CREA), 00015 Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Immacolata De Donato
- National Reference Centre for Hygiene and Technologies of Water Buffalo Farming and Productions, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 84132 Salerno, Italy
| | - Giovanna Cappelli
- National Reference Centre for Hygiene and Technologies of Water Buffalo Farming and Productions, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 84132 Salerno, Italy
| | - Giorgio Galiero
- National Reference Centre for Hygiene and Technologies of Water Buffalo Farming and Productions, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 84132 Salerno, Italy
| | - Carlo Grassi
- National Reference Centre for Hygiene and Technologies of Water Buffalo Farming and Productions, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 84132 Salerno, Italy
| | - Esterina De Carlo
- National Reference Centre for Hygiene and Technologies of Water Buffalo Farming and Productions, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 84132 Salerno, Italy
| | - Stefano Petrini
- National Reference Centre for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche, “Togo Rosati”, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Giovanna De Matteis
- Research Centre for Animal Production and Aquaculture, Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria (CREA), 00015 Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Martucciello
- National Reference Centre for Hygiene and Technologies of Water Buffalo Farming and Productions, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 84132 Salerno, Italy
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Martucciello A, Balestrieri A, Righi C, Cappelli G, Scoccia E, Grassi C, Brandi S, Rossi E, Galiero G, Gioia D, Fusco G, Feliziani F, De Carlo E, Petrini S. Evaluation of an Immunization Protocol Using Bovine Alphaherpesvirus 1 gE-Deleted Marker Vaccines against Bubaline Alphaherpesvirus 1 in Water Buffaloes. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11050891. [PMID: 37242994 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11050891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
European regulations on the control of infectious diseases provide measures to control Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) infection in both cattle and buffalo. Owing to the reported serological cross-reactivity between BoHV-1 and Bubaline alphaherpesvirus 1 (BuHV-1), we hypothesized a new immunization protocol using BoHV-1 gE-deleted marker vaccines could protect water buffalo against BuHV-1. Five water buffaloes devoid of BoHV-1/BuHV-1-neutralizing antibodies were immunized with two commercial BoHV-1 gE-deleted marker vaccines at 0, 30, 210, and 240 post-vaccination days (PVDs). Five additional water buffaloes were used as controls. At 270 PVD (0 post-challenge days (PCDs), all animals were challenged intranasally with wild-type (wt) BuHV-1. The vaccinated animals produced humoral immunity (HI) as early as PVD 30 whereas, in control animals, antibodies were detected on PCD 10. After challenge infection, HI significantly increased in vaccinated animals compared to that in controls. Real-time PCR for gB revealed viral shedding in vaccinated animals from PCDs 2 to 10. In contrast, positive results were observed from PCDs 2 to 15 in the unvaccinated control group. Although the findings indicated the possible protection capabilities of the tested protocol, these findings did not support its protective roles in water buffaloes against wt-BuHV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Martucciello
- National Reference Centre for Hygiene and Technology of Breeding and Buffalo Production, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 84131 Salerno, SA, Italy
| | - Anna Balestrieri
- National Reference Centre for Hygiene and Technology of Breeding and Buffalo Production, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 84131 Salerno, SA, Italy
| | - Cecilia Righi
- National Reference Centre for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche "Togo Rosati", 06126 Perugia, PG, Italy
| | - Giovanna Cappelli
- National Reference Centre for Hygiene and Technology of Breeding and Buffalo Production, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 84131 Salerno, SA, Italy
| | - Eleonora Scoccia
- National Reference Centre for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche "Togo Rosati", 06126 Perugia, PG, Italy
| | - Carlo Grassi
- National Reference Centre for Hygiene and Technology of Breeding and Buffalo Production, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 84131 Salerno, SA, Italy
| | - Sergio Brandi
- National Reference Centre for Hygiene and Technology of Breeding and Buffalo Production, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 84131 Salerno, SA, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Rossi
- National Reference Centre for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche "Togo Rosati", 06126 Perugia, PG, Italy
| | - Giorgio Galiero
- National Reference Centre for Hygiene and Technology of Breeding and Buffalo Production, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 84131 Salerno, SA, Italy
| | - Damiano Gioia
- Azienda Sanitaria Locale Salerno, 84014 Nocera Inferiore, SA, Italy
| | - Giovanna Fusco
- National Reference Centre for Hygiene and Technology of Breeding and Buffalo Production, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 84131 Salerno, SA, Italy
| | - Francesco Feliziani
- National Reference Centre for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche "Togo Rosati", 06126 Perugia, PG, Italy
| | - Esterina De Carlo
- National Reference Centre for Hygiene and Technology of Breeding and Buffalo Production, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 84131 Salerno, SA, Italy
| | - Stefano Petrini
- National Reference Centre for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche "Togo Rosati", 06126 Perugia, PG, Italy
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Petrini S, Martucciello A, Righi C, Cappelli G, Torresi C, Grassi C, Scoccia E, Costantino G, Casciari C, Sabato R, Giammarioli M, De Carlo E, Feliziani F. Assessment of Different Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis Marker Vaccines in Calves. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10081204. [PMID: 36016092 PMCID: PMC9412430 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Three commercially available infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) live marker vaccines were evaluated for their ability to provide clinical protection to vaccinated calves against wild-type (wt) Bovine alphaherpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1) challenge and their possible effect on wt BoHV-1 latency reactivation following the challenge. On 35 post-vaccination days (PVDs), all animals were challenged with wt BoHV-1. Only the calves in the control group developed severe forms of IBR. The reactivation of latent BoHV-1 was induced by dexamethasone (DMS) treatment on 28 post-challenge days (PCDs). All animals showed IBR clinical signs on three post-DMS treatment days (PDTDs). On PVD 14, all vaccinated animals developed neutralizing antibodies (NAs), whereas in control animals, the NAs appeared post-challenge. The positivity for glycoprotein-B (gB) was detected using real-time polymerase chain reactions in all animals from PCDs 1 to 7. In contrast, the gB-positivity was observed in the immunized calves from PDTDs 3 to 10. Positive expression of gD and gE was observed in nasal swabs of all calves on PDTD 7. These findings suggested that the IBR marker vaccines evaluated in this study protected against wt BoHV-1-induced disease but not against wt BoHV-1-induced latency reactivation, indicating the necessity of developing new products to protect animals from wt BoHV-1-induced latency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Petrini
- National Reference Centre for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche, “Togo Rosati,” 06126 Perugia, Italy; (C.R.); (C.T.); (E.S.); (G.C.); (C.C.); (R.S.); (M.G.); (F.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-075-343-3069
| | - Alessandra Martucciello
- National Reference Centre for Hygiene and Technology of Breeding and Buffalo Production, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 84131 Salerno, Italy; (A.M.); (G.C.); (C.G.); (E.D.C.)
| | - Cecilia Righi
- National Reference Centre for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche, “Togo Rosati,” 06126 Perugia, Italy; (C.R.); (C.T.); (E.S.); (G.C.); (C.C.); (R.S.); (M.G.); (F.F.)
| | - Giovanna Cappelli
- National Reference Centre for Hygiene and Technology of Breeding and Buffalo Production, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 84131 Salerno, Italy; (A.M.); (G.C.); (C.G.); (E.D.C.)
| | - Claudia Torresi
- National Reference Centre for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche, “Togo Rosati,” 06126 Perugia, Italy; (C.R.); (C.T.); (E.S.); (G.C.); (C.C.); (R.S.); (M.G.); (F.F.)
| | - Carlo Grassi
- National Reference Centre for Hygiene and Technology of Breeding and Buffalo Production, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 84131 Salerno, Italy; (A.M.); (G.C.); (C.G.); (E.D.C.)
| | - Eleonora Scoccia
- National Reference Centre for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche, “Togo Rosati,” 06126 Perugia, Italy; (C.R.); (C.T.); (E.S.); (G.C.); (C.C.); (R.S.); (M.G.); (F.F.)
| | - Giulia Costantino
- National Reference Centre for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche, “Togo Rosati,” 06126 Perugia, Italy; (C.R.); (C.T.); (E.S.); (G.C.); (C.C.); (R.S.); (M.G.); (F.F.)
| | - Cristina Casciari
- National Reference Centre for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche, “Togo Rosati,” 06126 Perugia, Italy; (C.R.); (C.T.); (E.S.); (G.C.); (C.C.); (R.S.); (M.G.); (F.F.)
| | - Roberto Sabato
- National Reference Centre for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche, “Togo Rosati,” 06126 Perugia, Italy; (C.R.); (C.T.); (E.S.); (G.C.); (C.C.); (R.S.); (M.G.); (F.F.)
| | - Monica Giammarioli
- National Reference Centre for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche, “Togo Rosati,” 06126 Perugia, Italy; (C.R.); (C.T.); (E.S.); (G.C.); (C.C.); (R.S.); (M.G.); (F.F.)
| | - Esterina De Carlo
- National Reference Centre for Hygiene and Technology of Breeding and Buffalo Production, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 84131 Salerno, Italy; (A.M.); (G.C.); (C.G.); (E.D.C.)
| | - Francesco Feliziani
- National Reference Centre for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche, “Togo Rosati,” 06126 Perugia, Italy; (C.R.); (C.T.); (E.S.); (G.C.); (C.C.); (R.S.); (M.G.); (F.F.)
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Evaluation of Safety and Efficacy of an Inactivated Marker Vaccine against Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) in Water Buffalo ( Bubalus bubalis). Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9040355. [PMID: 33917160 PMCID: PMC8067792 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9040355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have explored the seropositivity of Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) in water buffaloes, suggesting the urgency for developing strategies to eradicate the virus involving both cattle and water buffaloes. However, in Europe, the glycoprotein E (gE) deleted marker vaccines against BoHV-1 are commercially available only for the cattle industry. This study, for the first time, evaluated the safety and efficacy of a commercial inactivated gE-deleted marker vaccine in water buffalo. Five animals devoid of BoHV-1-neutralizing antibodies were vaccinated via intramuscular route. Five additional animals served as an unvaccinated control group. Sixty days after the first immunization, all animals were experimentally infected with a virulent BoHV-1via intranasal route. A detectable BoHV-1-humoral immune response was observed in the vaccinated group on post-vaccination day 30, whereas the antibodies appeared on post-challenge day 10 in the control group. Moreover, the vaccinated animals neither show viral shedding nor clinical signs compared to the control upon challenge. However, post-challenge, the BoHV-1-specific humoral and cell-mediated immune responses were significantly more increased in vaccinated animals than the control animals. Overall, the present study provides evidence of both the safety and efficacy of an inactivated gE-deleted marker vaccine against BoHV-1 in water buffaloes.
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Camero M, Lanave G, Lucente MS, Losurdo M, Di Paola G, Lorusso E, Martella V, Buonavoglia C, Tempesta M. Bubaline alphaherpesvirus 1 induces a latent/reactivable infection in goats. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 62:54-57. [PMID: 30711046 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Latent infection is a common mechanism used by several alphaherpesviruses to persist in their host but it is not clear whether this mechanism is also triggered in heterologous infections. Cross-species infections have been documented repeatedly for alphaherpesviruses of ruminants, a group of closely related viruses. Herewith we report latent infection with bubaline alphaherpesvirus 1 (BuHV-1) in experimentally infected goats and subsequent virus reactivation after treatment with dexamethasone (DMS) at 10 months after infection. After DMS treatment, the virus was isolated in one such animal in the nasal swabs from day 3 to 9 post treatment and in the ocular swabs at day 6. The goat was euthanized 48 days after DMS treatment and viral DNA was detected by PCR in the trigeminal ganglia and in two cervical ganglia. Additionally, BuHV-1 DNA was detected by PCR in the trigeminal ganglia of the other 3 goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Camero
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Sp. Casamassima km 3, Valenzano 70010, Italy
| | - G Lanave
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Sp. Casamassima km 3, Valenzano 70010, Italy
| | - M S Lucente
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Sp. Casamassima km 3, Valenzano 70010, Italy
| | - M Losurdo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Sp. Casamassima km 3, Valenzano 70010, Italy
| | - G Di Paola
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Sp. Casamassima km 3, Valenzano 70010, Italy
| | - E Lorusso
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Sp. Casamassima km 3, Valenzano 70010, Italy
| | - V Martella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Sp. Casamassima km 3, Valenzano 70010, Italy
| | - C Buonavoglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Sp. Casamassima km 3, Valenzano 70010, Italy
| | - M Tempesta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Sp. Casamassima km 3, Valenzano 70010, Italy.
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Maidana SS, Delgado F, Vagnoni L, Mauroy A, Thiry E, Romera S. Cattle are a potential reservoir of bubaline herpesvirus 1 (BuHV1). Vet Rec Open 2016; 3:e000162. [PMID: 28074144 PMCID: PMC5174797 DOI: 10.1136/vetreco-2015-000162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present work, controlled experimental infection and transmission studies in domestic cattle (Bos taurus) and water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) were carried out to study the in vivo behaviour of bubaline herpesvirus 1 (BuHV1). Two bovine and two buffalo calves were infected with BuHV1 (20287N isolate) by intranasal aerosolisation. Two sentinel cattle did not receive the virus challenge, but were housed with infected buffaloes to evaluate horizontal transmission. All experimentally inoculated animals showed viral infection and respiratory clinical signs. BuHV1 experimentally infected calves showed intermittent viral excretion between 2 days and 18 days postinfection (dpi) with a maximum titre of excretion of 106 TCID50/ml and moderate rhinitis between 2 dpi and 20 dpi. BuHV1 experimentally inoculated buffaloes showed mild respiratory signs, which consisted mainly of serous nasal secretions during the infection period. Sentinel calves showed mucosal specific IgG1 antibodies at seven days postcontact. Viral DNA was detected by PCR and sequencing in both buffaloes and sentinel calves, which could be associated with latency. In conclusion, this study showed the susceptibility of cattle to BuHV1 after both experimental infection and contact with infected buffaloes. These data increase the scarce knowledge on the pathogenesis in natural host and the susceptibility of cattle to BuHV1 experimental infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Maidana
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas (CICVyA), Instituto de tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Rivadavia 1917 (C1033AAJ), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Cátedra de Inmunogenética, Facultad de Ciencias exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad de Morón, Morón, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F Delgado
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas (CICVyA), Instituto de tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) , Castelar, Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - L Vagnoni
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas (CICVyA), Instituto de tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) , Castelar, Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - A Mauroy
- Veterinary Virology and Animal Viral Diseases, Fundamental and Applied Research on Animal Health center and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège , Liège , Belgium
| | - E Thiry
- Veterinary Virology and Animal Viral Diseases, Fundamental and Applied Research on Animal Health center and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège , Liège , Belgium
| | - S Romera
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas (CICVyA), Instituto de tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Rivadavia 1917 (C1033AAJ), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Cátedra de Inmunogenética, Facultad de Ciencias exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad de Morón, Morón, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Cátedra de Inmunología, Universidad del Salvador, Pilar, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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