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Song Y, Hong S, Park WB, Kim S, Lee E, Choen D, Yoo HS. Serological investigation of seven zoonotic pathogens in companion dogs in South Korea, 2018-2021. Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1380. [PMID: 38358075 PMCID: PMC10867870 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Based on the current situation of Korean culture and society, the population of companion animals in South Korea is growing rapidly along with zoonotic risks. The current data regarding zoonotic infections in companion dogs reported in Korea is sparse. This study aims to investigate the seroprevalence of seven potential zoonotic pathogens in companion dogs in South Korea: Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Borrelia burgdoferi, Ehrlichia canis, Coxiella burnetii, Brucella canis, Leptospira spp. and canine influenza A virus. A total of 284 serum samples were collected from 2018 to 2021, and the immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against 7 zoonotic pathogens were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Samples were divided into five groups and analysed based on age. IgG antibodies against six of the seven pathogens were detected. The highest seropositivity rate was detected for canine influenza A virus exposure (59.1%) for which the rates were the highest in dogs under 1 year old and declined with age. Positivity rates of the other pathogens were relatively low: 1.76% for Leptospira spp., 1.40% for A. phagocytophilum and E. canis, 1.06% for B. canis and 0.35% for B. burgdoferi. No antibodies against C. burnetii were detected in this study. The exposure of dogs in South Korea to six zoonotic pathogens was serologically confirmed, highlighting a potential risk for human infection. The zoonotic risk of companion dogs cannot be neglected, and implementation of One Health approach should be advocated to establish effective preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun‐Qi Song
- Department of Infectious DiseaseCollege of Veterinary MedicineSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research CenterSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | | | - Woo Bin Park
- Department of Infectious DiseaseCollege of Veterinary MedicineSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Suji Kim
- Department of Infectious DiseaseCollege of Veterinary MedicineSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
- Research Institute for Veterinary ScienceSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Eun‐Seo Lee
- Department of Infectious DiseaseCollege of Veterinary MedicineSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research CenterSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | | | - Han Sang Yoo
- Department of Infectious DiseaseCollege of Veterinary MedicineSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research CenterSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
- Research Institute for Veterinary ScienceSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
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Sharma V, Sharma R, Aulakh RS, Singh BB. Prevalence of Brucella species in stray cattle, dogs and cats: A systematic review. Prev Vet Med 2023; 219:106017. [PMID: 37669604 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2023.106017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Stray animals are unowned free roaming, homeless, abandoned, street or sheltered animals, particularly dogs, cats and cattle. They could act as carrier of several zoonotic pathogens such as rabies virus, Mycobacterium and Brucella species. However, comprehensive information on the prevalence of zoonotic pathogens in stray animals is very limited. We conducted a systematic review as per Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines to estimate the prevalence of brucellosis in stray dogs, cats and cattle. Eligibility criteria for the study were determined using the PECOS classification (population, exposure, comparison, outcome, study design) as a tool to guide the research and adjust the search strategy. Major bibliographic databases [Web of Science, Medline, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and PubMed] were searched using predefined keywords for published epidemiological studies on brucellosis in stray animals (dogs, cats and cattle). Systematic assessments of all the studies since 1990-2022 were conducted and those reporting the prevalence of brucellosis in stray dogs, cats and cattle using appropriate diagnostic tests (culture, molecular, serological) were included. Studies reporting prevalence of brucellosis (Brucella infection or exposure) in kennel dogs, dairy herds, livestock farms, humans or marine species were excluded. The apparent individual test- wise prevalence along with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was estimated using Epitools. Out of 2689 studies, 37 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review. Of 37 studies, 28 (75.7%) were conducted in stray dogs, 7 (18.9%) in cattle and 2 (5.4%) in cats. Furthermore, only 21.62% studies (8/37) used probabilistic random sampling approaches and 13.51% studies (5/37) explained and justified the study sample size using appropriate methods for estimation of disease prevalence in the study populations. Higher sero-prevalence in stray dogs has been reported in studies conducted in Jordan (38.0% (95% CI: 24.0-54.0) and Pakistan (38.0% (95% CI: 31.0-45.0) whereas no sero-positivity was recorded in the studies conducted in Brazil, North Colombia, Cyprus, South Korea and USA. All studies on brucellosis (n = 7) in stray cattle were from India; conducted in stray cattle reared in cow-shelters. Sero-prevalence in the range of 4.3%- 64.3% was reported in stray cattle. Differences in diagnostic tests and host species, as well as limited number and non-randomized studies and high statistical heterogeneity did not allow us to determine combined meta-analysed prevalence estimates. Stray animals are likely to pose a zoonotic and disease spillover risk to human and livestock populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Sharma
- Centre for One Health, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India
| | - R Sharma
- Centre for One Health, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India
| | - R S Aulakh
- Centre for One Health, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India
| | - B B Singh
- Centre for One Health, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India.
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Sebzda MK, Kauffman LK. Update on Brucella canis: Understanding the Past and Preparing for the Future. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2023:S0195-5616(23)00075-X. [PMID: 37385876 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
The genus Brucella is known by veterinarians as a primary cause of reproductive diseases. It is widely known to cause financial devastation in livestock species, and is lesser known as a problem for dog breeders and fanciers with similar reproductive diseases seen in dogs. Now there are concerns about the dispersal of Brucella canis into countries that have enjoyed a fairly low incidence, through the importation of dogs from endemic countries. B canis, much like Brucella abortus, suis or mellitensis, is zoonotic and handling or working with infected dogs can lead to human disease. Only within the last few decades has the risk of brucellosis in dogs, and the people who own and work with them, been more fully acknowledged. This review will focus on new information that has been obtained since our last B canis article in 2018. Readers are encouraged to look to that article for information not presented within this update. Current B canis epidemiology along with a complete review of diagnostic testing options will be covered. Regulations for the international movement of dogs will be discussed in addition to concerns for increased zoonosis potential. Future goals would include better management of this disease including proposed screening of all imported dogs. Canine brucellosis prevention, owner and shelter/rescue education along with proposed therapies for the future will also be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary K Sebzda
- Newport Harbor Animal Hospital, 125 Mesa Drive, Costa Mesa, CA 92627, USA; Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Lin K Kauffman
- Prairie View Animal Hospital, 1830 Southeast Princeton Drive Suite A, Grimes, IA 50111, USA.
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Hamdy MER, Abdel-Haleem MH, Dawod RE, Ismail RI, Hazem SS, Fahmy HA, Abdel-Hamid NH. First seroprevalence and molecular identification report of Brucella canis among dogs in Greater Cairo region and Damietta Governorate of Egypt. Vet World 2023; 16:229-238. [PMID: 36855351 PMCID: PMC9967726 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.229-238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Given the rise in stray and imported dogs in Egypt over the past 5 years, it is surprising that no report of Brucella canis infection in dogs or humans has been documented in Egypt's published papers. This study aimed to detect the presence of antibodies against the rough (B. canis) and smooth Brucellae among dogs in Egypt and to characterize the Brucella species circulating in dogs. Materials and Methods Blood samples (n = 449) were collected from owned and stray dogs in the Greater Cairo region (n = 309) and Damietta governorate (n = 140). The apparent, true, and total seroprevalence of canine brucellosis caused by B. canis infection were calculated using the 2-mercaptoethanol tube agglutination test (2-ME TAT) and rapid slide agglutination test (RSAT). We used the rose Bengal test (RBT) and the buffered acidified plate antigen test (BAPAT) to check the serum samples from dogs for the presence of antibodies against smooth Brucellae. Three polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays - Bruce-ladder PCR, B. canis species-specific PCR (BcSS-PCR), and Abortus Melitensis Ovis Suis (AMOS)-PCR - were used to determine the Brucella species in the buffy coats of the serologically positive dogs. Results The overall apparent and true prevalence of B. canis infection in dogs were estimated to be 3.8% and 13.2%. The estimated true prevalence in stray dogs (15%) was higher than in owned dogs (12.5%). The BAPAT and the RBT using smooth antigens revealed that 11 (2.4%) and 9 (2%) were positive. Bruce-ladder PCR targeting eryC, ABC, and Polysaccharide deacetylase genes was able to identify B. canis in nine out of 17 buffy coat samples. AMOS-PCR identified the eight undetermined Brucella species by Bruce-ladder PCR as Brucella abortus (n = 4) and Brucella melitensis (n = 4). To exclude the presence of Brucella suis, a one-step species-specific BcSS-PCR was performed and specifically amplified all B. canis DNA (n = 9) the same as did the Bruce-ladder PCR. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of B. canis detection in dogs in Egypt. Molecular identification of B. abortus and B. melitensis in the Egyptian canines highlights the role of stray dogs in brucellosis remerging in Brucellosis-free dairy farms. Brucella canis infection can be diagnosed specifically with the one-step BcSS-PCR. The obtained results set-an-alarm to the veterinary authorities to launch plans to control this disease in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud E. R. Hamdy
- Department of Brucellosis Research, Agricultural Research Center, Animal Health Research Institute, P.O. Box 264-Giza, Cairo 12618, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud H. Abdel-Haleem
- Department of Brucellosis Research, Agricultural Research Center, Animal Health Research Institute, P.O. Box 264-Giza, Cairo 12618, Egypt
| | - Rehab E. Dawod
- Department of Bacteriology, Agricultural Research Center, Animal Health Research Institute (Damietta Branch), Egypt
| | - Rania I. Ismail
- Department of Brucellosis Research, Agricultural Research Center, Animal Health Research Institute, P.O. Box 264-Giza, Cairo 12618, Egypt
| | - Soliman S. Hazem
- Department of Brucellosis Research, Agricultural Research Center, Animal Health Research Institute, P.O. Box 264-Giza, Cairo 12618, Egypt
| | - Hanan A. Fahmy
- Department of Biotechnology, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, 12618 Egypt
| | - Nour H. Abdel-Hamid
- Department of Brucellosis Research, Agricultural Research Center, Animal Health Research Institute, P.O. Box 264-Giza, Cairo 12618, Egypt,Corresponding author: Nour H. Abdel-Hamid, e-mail: Co-authors: MERH: , MHA: , RED: , RII: , SSH: , HAF:
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Long C, Burgers E, Copple C, Stainback L, Packer RA, Kopf K, Schmidt J, Emch S, Windsor R. Brucella canis discospondylitis in 33 dogs. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1043610. [PMID: 36406064 PMCID: PMC9672337 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1043610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To describe the clinical and imaging findings of 33 dogs with Brucella canis discospondylitis (BDS). Animals 33 client owned dogs from four veterinary specialty hospitals within Colorado and Arizona with at least one positive B. canis test and spinal diagnostic imaging. Procedures Retrospective review of signalment, physical and neurological examination findings, laboratory results, B. canis serology, and diagnostic imaging of 33 dogs with BDS. All imaging was reviewed by a board-certified veterinary neurologist. Radiographs were reviewed by a board-certified veterinary radiologist blinded to MRI and CT findings. Results 31/33 (94%) dogs were <5 years old (median = 2.5 years, mean = 2.9 years, range 0.5–10 years). 21/29 (72%) dogs had signs of nonspecific pain, spinal pain, or lameness for >3 months (median = 6 months, mean = 8.2 months, range 5 days−4 years). Fever was seen in only 4/28 (14%) dogs. Multifocal lesions were evident on radiographs in 21/29 (72%) dogs and MRI in 12/18 (67%) dogs. Smooth, round, central end-plate lysis, defined as “hole punch” lesions, were identified radiographically in 25/29 (86%) dogs. Vertebral physitis or spondylitis without discitis was evident on MRI in 7/18 (39%) dogs. Clinical relevance Dogs with BDS typically present at a young age with a long duration of clinical signs. Identification of radiographic “hole punch” lesions and MRI evidence of vertebral physitis, spondylitis, and paravertebral inflammation without discitis should increase suspicion for BDS. BDS may be increasing in frequency in the southwestern United States, and dogs with signs of chronic spinal pain and/or lameness should be screened for B. canis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Long
- Wheat Ridge Animal Hospital, Wheat Ridge, CO, United States
| | | | | | | | - Rebecca A. Packer
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Kelli Kopf
- VCA Alameda East Veterinary Hospital, Denver, CO, United States
| | | | - Samantha Emch
- VCA Alameda East Veterinary Hospital, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Rebecca Windsor
- Wheat Ridge Animal Hospital, Wheat Ridge, CO, United States
- *Correspondence: Rebecca Windsor
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Yao M, Liu M, Chen X, Li J, Li Y, Wei YR, Liu Y, Yang KL, Duan X, Shao W, Sun X, Fan X, Sun S, Tian L, Yin D, Sun M. Comparison of BP26, Omp25 and Omp31 and a Multiepitope-Based Fusion Protein in the Serological Detection of Canine Brucellosis. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:5301-5308. [PMID: 36101776 PMCID: PMC9464451 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s374432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Brucellosis is one of the most important zoonotic diseases in the world. Canine brucellosis, caused mainly by Brucella canis, is seriously neglected, and there is a lack of accurate diagnostic tools. Methods In this study, to compare BP26, Omp25, Omp31 and a multiepitope-based fusion protein in the serological detection of canine brucellosis, using 34 brucellosis-positive dog sera and 62 negative control sera, the Brucella outer membrane proteins Omp31, BP26, Omp25 and a multiepitope-based fusion protein were evaluated by iELISA for their potential use as antigens in the serological diagnosis of canine brucellosis. Results The results showed that the multiepitope-based fusion protein performed best in distinguishing brucellosis-positive and brucellosis-negative dog sera, with a positive predictive value (PPV) of 100% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 98.41%. BP26 and Omp31 showed excellent sensitivity in detecting brucellosis-positive dog sera, but their cross reaction to sera infected with Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Listeria monocytogenes may hinder their application as diagnostic reagents. Omp25 lacked sufficient sensitivity and showed limited ability in distinguishing positive and negative dog sera. Conclusion The multiepitope-based fusion protein can be used as an ideal antigen for serologically diagnosing canine brucellosis currently prevalent worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixue Yao
- Key Laboratory of Human Genetics and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengda Liu
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, 266032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Chen
- Yubei Animal Husbandry and Aquatic Products Station, Chongqing, 401120, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Li
- School of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agriculture College, Tianjin, 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Qingdao Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Qingdao, 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Run Wei
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, 266032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Liu
- Yubei Animal Husbandry and Aquatic Products Station, Chongqing, 401120, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang Long Yang
- Yubei Animal Husbandry and Aquatic Products Station, Chongqing, 401120, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiao Duan
- Qingdao Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Qingdao, 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Weixing Shao
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, 266032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangxiang Sun
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, 266032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxu Fan
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, 266032, People's Republic of China
| | - Shufang Sun
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, 266032, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Tian
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, 266032, People's Republic of China
| | - Dehui Yin
- Key Laboratory of Human Genetics and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjun Sun
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, 266032, People's Republic of China
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Seroprevalence of Brucella canis in canines from a dog shelter in Bogotá, Colombia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 41:260-270. [PMID: 34214267 PMCID: PMC8375667 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.5409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: The risk of Brucella canis infection in humans and dogs has increased due to the permanent exposure to asymptomatic carrier dogs. In Colombia, there is evidence of B. canis infection in humans living with dogs. In the case of Bogotá, an additional concern is the lack of updated information related to the prevalence of the infection in dogs.
Objective: To determine the seroprevalence of infection by B. canis in dogs intended for adoption programs in Bogotá.
Materials and methods: By means of a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out in a dog shelter in Bogotá, anti-B. canis IgG antibodies were detected in the serum from 51 dogs 28 females and 23 males) using a lateral-flow immunochromatographic test. Additionally, seropositive animals were analyzed with PCR to detect Brucella spp DNA.
Results: Brucella canis seroprevalence was 1.96% (1/51). The seropositive dog was an asymptomatic three-year-old she-dog in which no bacteria DNA was detected in the blood through PCR.
Conclusions: The seroprevalence determined in this study represented by a single dog with anti-B. canis IgG can be considered a potential risk both for canine and human populations since this single dog could have a persistent infection capable of spreading the bacteria.
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Prevalence and Genomic Characterization of Brucella canis Strains Isolated from Kennels, Household, and Stray Dogs in Chile. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10112073. [PMID: 33182313 PMCID: PMC7695308 DOI: 10.3390/ani10112073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine brucellosis caused by Brucella canis is a zoonotic disease that causes reproductive alterations in dogs, such as infertility, abortion, and epididymitis. This pathogen is especially prevalent in South America, and due to the lack of official control programs and the growing trend of adopting dogs it constitutes a public health risk that must be addressed. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of B. canis infection in kennel, shelter, and household dogs and to characterize the genomic properties of circulating strains, including ure and virB operons and omp25/31 genes. Samples from 771 dogs were obtained, and the infection was detected by blood culture and/or serology in 7.0% of the animals. The complete ure and virB operons and the omp25/31 genes were detected. Interestingly, we found different single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in some of the analyzed genes, which could mean a change in the fitness or virulence of these strains. This study provides further evidence about dogs as a source of B. canis strains that can infect people. This also highlights the need to implement official control programs, including the mandatory testing of dogs, especially stray dogs, before adoption.
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Abstract
Brucellosis is a bacterial disease of domestic animals and humans. The pathogenic ability of Brucella organisms relies on their stealthy strategy and their capacity to replicate within host cells and to induce long-lasting infections. Brucella organisms barely induce neutrophil activation and survive within these leukocytes by resisting microbicidal mechanisms. Very few Brucella-infected neutrophils are found in the target organs, except for the bone marrow, early in infection. Still, Brucella induces a mild reactive oxygen species formation and, through its lipopolysaccharide, promotes the premature death of neutrophils, which release chemokines and express "eat me" signals. This effect drives the phagocytosis of infected neutrophils by mononuclear cells that become thoroughly susceptible to Brucella replication and vehicles for bacterial dispersion. The premature death of the infected neutrophils proceeds without NETosis, necrosis/oncosis, or classical apoptosis morphology. In the absence of neutrophils, the Th1 response exacerbates and promotes bacterial removal, indicating that Brucella-infected neutrophils dampen adaptive immunity. This modulatory effect opens a window for bacterial dispersion in host tissues before adaptive immunity becomes fully activated. However, the hyperactivation of immunity is not without a price, since neutropenic Brucella-infected animals develop cachexia in the early phases of the disease. The delay in the immunological response seems a sine qua non requirement for the development of long-lasting brucellosis. This property may be shared with other pathogenic alphaproteobacteria closely related to Brucella We propose a model in which Brucella-infected polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) function as "Trojan horse" vehicles for bacterial dispersal and as modulators of the Th1 adaptive immunity in infection.
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Daly R, Willis KC, Wood J, Brown K, Brown D, Beguin-Strong T, Smith R, Ruesch H. Seroprevalence of Brucella canis in dogs rescued from South Dakota Indian reservations, 2015-2019. Prev Vet Med 2020; 184:105157. [PMID: 33002657 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.105157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Canine brucellosis, caused by Brucella canis, is an infectious disease with implications for canine as well as human health. The identification of infected dogs originating from and around two South Dakota Indian reservations prompted an examination of the seroprevalence of B. canis in stray or owner-surrendered dogs from these communities. Using results from in-clinic screening tests of 3898 dogs over more than 4 years, we determined an overall apparent B. canis seroprevalence of 6.8% (adjusted estimated true prevalence of 29.4%), with rates declining over time. The apparent rate was similar to other surveys of stray dog populations in the US. Older dogs were significantly more likely to be B. canis-positive than younger dogs, as were reproductively intact dogs versus altered dogs (although this difference was not statistically significant). There were geographic differences in seropositive rates as well, with higher rates found in dogs originating from one reservation compared to other locations. Current diagnostic tests lack sensitivity to effectively identify all B. canis-infected dogs, but results from this study are valuable for investigating differences among risk factors for infection. Because of the potential for B. canis to infect other dogs and people, stray dog populations should be screened for B. canis before those animals are placed in adoptive homes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell Daly
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, 1155 North Campus Drive, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007 USA.
| | - K C Willis
- Lightshine Canine: A Rez Dog Rescue, 1341 S Bowen St., Longmont, CO, 80501 USA.
| | - Janet Wood
- Butler Veterinary Clinic, 420 W. US Hwy 20, Valentine, NE, 69201 USA.
| | - Kayla Brown
- Fall River Veterinary Clinic, 27618 Scenic Rd., Hot Springs, SD, 57747 USA.
| | - Dustin Brown
- Fall River Veterinary Clinic, 27618 Scenic Rd., Hot Springs, SD, 57747 USA.
| | | | - Rockie Smith
- High Plains Veterinary Service, 1310 E. Bennett Ave., Martin, SD, 57551 USA.
| | - Haley Ruesch
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, 1155 North Campus Drive, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007 USA.
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