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Hari A, Doddapaneni TRKC, Kikas T. Common operational issues and possible solutions for sustainable biosurfactant production from lignocellulosic feedstock. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 251:118665. [PMID: 38493851 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Surfactants are compounds with high surface activity and emulsifying property. These compounds find application in food, medical, pharmaceutical, and petroleum industries, as well as in agriculture, bioremediation, cleaning, cosmetics, and personal care product formulations. Due to their widespread use and environmental persistence, ensuring biodegradability and sustainability is necessary so as not to harm the environment. Biosurfactants, i.e., surfactants of plant or microbial origin produced from lignocellulosic feedstock, perform better than their petrochemically derived counterparts on the scale of net-carbon-negativity. Although many biosurfactants are commercially available, their high cost of production justifies their application only in expensive pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. Besides, the annual number of new biosurfactant compounds reported is less, compared to that of chemical surfactants. Multiple operational issues persist in the biosurfactant value chain. In this review, we have categorized some of these issues based on their relative position in the value chain - hurdles occurring during planning, upstream processes, production stage, and downstream processes - alongside plausible solutions. Moreover, we have presented the available paths forward for this industry in terms of process development and integrated pretreatment, combining conventional tried-and-tested strategies, such as reactor designing and statistical optimization with cutting-edge technologies including metabolic modeling and artificial intelligence. The development of techno-economically feasible biosurfactant production processes would be instrumental in the complete substitution of petrochemical surfactants, rather than mere supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Hari
- Chair of Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 56, Tartu, 51014, Estonia.
| | - Tharaka Rama Krishna C Doddapaneni
- Chair of Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 56, Tartu, 51014, Estonia
| | - Timo Kikas
- Chair of Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 56, Tartu, 51014, Estonia
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Bernal-Jácome LA, Izar-Landeta JM, Flores-Ramírez R, González-Salazar LF, Vargas-Berrones KX. Nonylphenol ethoxylate degradation in detergents during shelf time, a new exposure pathway, and a perspective on their substitution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:30497-30508. [PMID: 38607492 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33260-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Detergents are highly produced pollutants with environmental problems like foam generation and toxic effects in biota. Nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEs) are efficient, economical, and versatile surfactants, used in detergents for more than 40 years due to their detergency capacity. In the environment, NPE biodegrades into the metabolite nonylphenol (NP), classified as an endocrine disruptor. The identification and quantification of 4-NP in a designed detergent and 30 commercially available detergents were performed to prove the degradation of NPE into 4-NP during storage time. This investigation introduces the first evidence of NPE degradation during storage in commercially available detergents, demonstrating a novel exposure pathway in humans that has not been explored before, representing potential human health risks. Therefore, simple, easy, low-cost, and available approaches to remove and substitute NP is paramount. Alkyl polyglucoside (APG) was assessed as a substitute, and the feasibility of this substitution was proven according to physical and chemical properties, cleaning performance, and antimicrobial properties. NPE substitution in detergents is demonstrated as a viable strategy to minimize exposure risks in humans and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Armando Bernal-Jácome
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios de Posgrado Edificio P. Facultad de Ingeniería, Zona Universitaria, Dr. Manuel Nava #8, C.P. 78290, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P, México
| | - Juan Manuel Izar-Landeta
- Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Rioverde, Carretera Rioverde-San Ciro Km 4.5, CP, 79610, Rioverde, San Luis Potosi, México
| | - Rogelio Flores-Ramírez
- CONACYT Research Fellow, Coordinación Para La Innovación y Aplicación de La Ciencia y La Tecnología (CIACYT), Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, CP 78210, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
| | - Luis Fernando González-Salazar
- Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud, Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, CP 78210, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
| | - Karla Ximena Vargas-Berrones
- Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Rioverde, Carretera Rioverde-San Ciro Km 4.5, CP, 79610, Rioverde, San Luis Potosi, México.
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Kadam V, Dhanorkar M, Patil S, Singh P. Advances in the co-production of biosurfactant and other biomolecules: statistical approaches for process optimization. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae025. [PMID: 38308506 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
An efficient microbial conversion for simultaneous synthesis of multiple high-value compounds, such as biosurfactants and enzymes, is one of the most promising aspects for an economical bioprocess leading to a marked reduction in production cost. Although biosurfactant and enzyme production separately have been much explored, there are limited reports on the predictions and optimization studies on simultaneous production of biosurfactants and other industrially important enzymes, including lipase, protease, and amylase. Enzymes are suited for an integrated production process with biosurfactants as multiple common industrial processes and applications are catalysed by these molecules. However, the complexity in microbial metabolism complicates the production process. This study details the work done on biosurfactant and enzyme co-production and explores the application and scope of various statistical tools and methodologies in this area of research. The use of advanced computational tools is yet to be explored for the optimization of downstream strategies in the co-production process. Given the complexity of the co-production process and with various new methodologies based on artificial intelligence (AI) being invented, the scope of AI in shaping the biosurfactant-enzyme co-production process is immense and would lead to not only efficient and rapid optimization, but economical extraction of multiple biomolecules as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Kadam
- Symbiosis Centre for Waste Resource Management, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Lavale, Pune-412115, India
| | - Manikprabhu Dhanorkar
- Symbiosis Centre for Waste Resource Management, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Lavale, Pune-412115, India
| | - Shruti Patil
- Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Lavale, Pune-412115, India
| | - Pooja Singh
- Symbiosis Centre for Waste Resource Management, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Lavale, Pune-412115, India
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Pal S, Chatterjee N, Das AK, McClements DJ, Dhar P. Sophorolipids: A comprehensive review on properties and applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 313:102856. [PMID: 36827914 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Sophorolipids are surface-active glycolipids produced by several non-pathogenic yeast species and are widely used as biosurfactants in several industrial applications. Sophorolipids provide a plethora of benefits over chemically synthesized surfactants for certain applications like bioremediation, oil recovery, and pharmaceuticals. They are, for instance less toxic, more benign and environment friendly in nature, biodegradable, freely adsorb to different surfaces, self-assembly in hydrated solutions, robustness for industrial applications etc. These miraculous properties result in valuable physicochemical attributes such as low critical micelle concentrations (CMCs), reduced interfacial surface tension, and capacity to dissolve non-polar components. Moreover, they exhibit a diverse range of physicochemical, functional, and biological attributes due to their unique molecular composition and structure. In this article, we highlight the physico-chemical properties of sophorolipids, how these properties are exploited by the human community for extensive benefits and the conditions which lead to their unique tailor-made structures and how they entail their interfacial behavior. Besides, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages associated with the use of these sophorolipids. We also review their physiological and functional attributes, along with their potential commercial applications, in real-world scenario. Biosurfactants are compared to their man-made equivalents to show the variations in structure-property correlations and possible benefits. Those attempting to manufacture purported natural or green surfactant with innovative and valuable qualities can benefit from an understanding of biosurfactant features structured along the same principles. The uniqueness of this review article is the detailed physico-chemical study of the sophorolipid biosurfactant and how these properties helps in their usage and detailed explicit study of their applications in the current scenario and also covering their pros and cons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srija Pal
- Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Food and Nutrition Division, University of Calcutta, 20B Judges Court Road, Kolkata 700027, West Bengal, India
| | - Niloy Chatterjee
- Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Food and Nutrition Division, University of Calcutta, 20B Judges Court Road, Kolkata 700027, West Bengal, India; Centre for Research in Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, University of Calcutta, JD 2, Sector III, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700 098, West Bengal, India
| | - Arun K Das
- Eastern Regional Station, ICAR-IVRI, 37 Belgachia Road, Kolkata 700037, West Bengal, India
| | - David Julian McClements
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Department of Food Science & Bioengineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, 18 Xuezheng Street, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Pubali Dhar
- Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Food and Nutrition Division, University of Calcutta, 20B Judges Court Road, Kolkata 700027, West Bengal, India; Centre for Research in Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, University of Calcutta, JD 2, Sector III, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700 098, West Bengal, India.
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Braz LM, Salazar-Bryam AM, Andrade GSS, Tambourgi EB. Optimization and characterization of rhamnolipids produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 using molasses as a substrate. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 39:51. [PMID: 36544076 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03494-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims to evaluate the growth potential of the P. aeruginosa ATCC9027 strain with molasses as the sole carbon source to produce rhamnolipids. The influence of the cultivation time and substrate concentration on biosurfactant production was investigated by using a complete 3-level factorial design, with the rhamnolipid concentration as the variable response. The strain was able to produce the biosurfactant in all design conditions tested, producing 758.04 mg/L rhamnolipids with 7% v/v substrate concentration in a cultivation time of 120 h. The substrate concentration used in the cultivation step directly influenced the biosurfactant production, and, even with the decrease in biomass growth, the biosurfactant production continued to increase. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) revealed the presence of 62.3% mono- (RL1) and 37.6% di-rhamnolipids (RL3). The stability tests showed that the biosurfactant has good performance in extreme conditions of temperature, pH and saline concentration. The emulsification index was also evaluated for several oils and hydrocarbons, obtaining emulsification rates of up to 84.9% for the burnt motor oil. In addition, rhamnolipid showed a good ability to remove spilled oil from the sand, removing 58.51% of burnt motor oil and 70.09% of post-frying soybean oil. The results indicate that molasses, an agro-industrial residue abundant in Brazil, can be used as the only carbon source for quality rhamnolipid production when under optimized conditions, therefore presenting itself as a management option for this residue and, at the same time, providing the production product with high added value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Martini Braz
- State University of Campinas, Av. Albert Einstein, 500, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, CEP: 13083-852, Brazil.
| | - Ana María Salazar-Bryam
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Rio Claro, SP, CEP: 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Grazielle Santos Silva Andrade
- Federal University of Alfenas, Rodovia José Aurélio Vilela, 11999 (BR 267 Km 533) Cidade Universitária, Poços de Caldas, MG, CEP: 37715-400, Brazil
| | - Elias Basille Tambourgi
- State University of Campinas, Av. Albert Einstein, 500, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, CEP: 13083-852, Brazil
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Production of a Biosurfactant by Cunninghamella echinulata Using Renewable Substrates and Its Applications in Enhanced Oil Spill Recovery. COLLOIDS AND INTERFACES 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/colloids2040063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the production of a surfactant by Cunninghamella echinulata, using agro-industrial residues, corn steep liquor (CSL), and soybean oil waste (SOW). The study had a factorial design, using as a variable response to the reduction of surface tension. C. echinulata was able to produce biosurfactant in assay, CSL (8.82%) and SOW (2%). The results showed that the biosurfactant was successfully produced by C. echinulata and had attractive properties, such as a low surface tension (31.7 mN/m), a yield of 5.18 g/L at 120 h of cultivation, and an anionic profile. It also achieved a reduction in surface tension stability in a wide range of pH values, temperatures, and salinity values. The biosurfactant produced by C. echinulata showed an absence of toxicity to Artemia salina. The influence of the biosurfactant on the viscosity of engine oil, burnt engine oil, diesel, soybean oil post-frying, canola oil, and water was investigated. The results reveal a mechanism for the decrease of the viscosity using hydrophobic substrates and the new biosurfactant solution at 1.5% of the (CMC). This enables the formulation of a low-cost culture medium alternative, based on corn steep liquor and the reuse of soybean oil after frying to produce a biosurfactant. Additionally, performance of the biosurfactant isolated from C. echinulata showed an excellent ability to remove spilled oil, such as diesel (98.7%) and kerosene (92.3%) from marine sand.
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Simultaneous production of alkaline amylase and biosurfactant by Bacillus methylotrophicus DCS1: application as detergent additive. Biodegradation 2018; 30:247-258. [DOI: 10.1007/s10532-018-9847-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zarinviarsagh M, Ebrahimipour G, Sadeghi H. Lipase and biosurfactant from Ochrobactrum intermedium strain MZV101 isolated by washing powder for detergent application. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:177. [PMID: 28923075 PMCID: PMC5604193 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0565-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alkaline thermostable lipase and biosurfactant producing bacteria are very interested at detergent applications, not only because of their eco-friendly characterize, but alsoproduction lipase and biosurfactant by using cheap materials. Ochrobactrum intermedium strain MZV101 was isolated as washing powder resistant, alkaline thermostable lipase and biosurfactant producing bacterium in order to use at detergent applications. Methods O. intermedium strain MZV101 produces was lipase and biosurfactant in the same media with pH 10 and temperature of 60 °C. Washing test and some detergent compatibility character of lipase enzyme and biosurfactant were assayed. The antimicrobial activity evaluated against various bacteria and fungi. Results Lipase and biosurfactant produced by O. intermedium strain MZV101 exhibited high stability at pH 10–13 and temperature of 70–90 °C, biosurfactant exhibits good stability at pH 9–13 and thermostability in all range. Both lipase and biosurfactant were found to be stable in the presence of different metal ions, detergents and organic solvents. The lipase enzyme extracted using isopropanol with yield of 69.2% and biosurfactant with ethanol emulsification index value of 70.99% and yield of 9.32 (g/l). The single band protein after through from G-50 Sephadex column on SDS-PAGE was calculated to be 99.42 kDa. Biosurfactant O. intermedium strain MZV101 exhibited good antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria and against various bacterial pathogens. Based upon washing test biosurfactant and lipase O. intermedium strain MZV101considered being strong oil removal. Conclusion The results of this study indicate that isolated lipase and biosurfactant with strong oil removal, antimicrobial activity and good stability could be useful for detergent applications. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Zarinviarsagh
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, University of Shahid-Beheshty, Daneshjou Blvd. Evin St.1983969411, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Gholamhossein Ebrahimipour
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, University of Shahid-Beheshty, Daneshjou Blvd. Evin St.1983969411, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Sadeghi
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, University of Shahid-Beheshty, Daneshjou Blvd. Evin St.1983969411, Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
Owing to their natural origin and environmental compatibility, interest in microbial surfactants or biosurfactants has gained attention during last few years. These characteristics fulfill the demand of regulatory agencies and society to use more sustained and green chemicals. Microbial-derived surfactants can replace synthetic surfactants in a great variety of industrial applications as detergents, foaming, emulsifiers, solubilizers, and wetting agents. Change in the trend of consumers toward natural from synthetic additives and the increasing health and environmental concerns have created demand for new "green" additives in foods. Apart from their inherent surface-active properties, biosurfactants have shown antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activities against food pathogens; therefore, biosurfactants can be versatile additives or ingredients of food processing. These interesting applications will be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Nitschke
- a Depto. Físico-Química , Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos CEP , SP , Brasil
| | - Sumária Sousa E Silva
- a Depto. Físico-Química , Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos CEP , SP , Brasil
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Roberto AL, Rosileide FSA, Dayana MR, Helvia WCA, Vanessa PS, Galba MCT. Production and characterization of biosurfactant isolated from Candida glabrata using renewable substrates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.5897/ajmr2016.8341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Otzen DE. Biosurfactants and surfactants interacting with membranes and proteins: Same but different? BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2016; 1859:639-649. [PMID: 27693345 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Biosurfactants (BS) are surface-active molecules produced by microorganisms. For several decades they have attracted interest as promising alternatives to current petroleum-based surfactants. Aside from their green profile, they have remarkably low critical micelle concentrations, reduce the air/water surface tension to very low levels and are excellent emulsifiers, all of which make them comparable or superior to their synthetic counterparts. These remarkable physical properties derive from their more complex chemical structures in which hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions are not as clearly separated as chemical surfactants but have a more mosaic distribution of polarity as well as branched or circular structures. This allows the lipopeptide surfactin to adopt spherical structures to facilitate dense packing at interfaces. They are also more complex. Glycolipid BS, e.g. rhamnolipids (RL) and sophorolipids, are produced biologically as mixtures which vary in the size and saturation of the hydrophobic region as well as modifications in the hydrophilic headgroup, such as the number of sugar groups and different levels of acetylation, leading to variable surface-active properties. Their amphiphilicity allows RL to insert easily into membranes at sub-cmc concentrations to modulate membrane structure and extract lipopolysaccharides, leading to extensive biofilm remodeling in vivo, sometimes in collaboration with hydrophobic RL precursors. Thanks to their mosaicity, even anionic BS like RL only bind weakly to proteins and show much lower denaturing potency, even supporting membrane protein refolding. Nevertheless, they can promote protein degradation by proteases e.g. by neutralizing positive charges, which together with their biofilm-combating properties makes them very promising detergent surfactants. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Lipid order/lipid defects and lipid-control of protein activity edited by Dirk Schneider.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Otzen
- iNANO, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK - 8000 Aarhus, C, Denmark.
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Bhange K, Chaturvedi V, Bhatt R. Simultaneous production of detergent stable keratinolytic protease, amylase and biosurfactant by Bacillus subtilis PF1 using agro industrial waste. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 10:94-104. [PMID: 28352529 PMCID: PMC5040875 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Keratinolytic protease, amylase and Biosurfactant was produced in a single medium. Medium composition was optimized statistically in Design Expert software. Optimization resulted in a 1.2, 0.84 and 2.28% increase in keratinase, amylase and biosurfactant production. The isolated enzymes and biosurfactants may find applications in the effective removal of stains.
The present study is an attempt to optimize simultaneous production of keratinolytic protease, amylase and biosurfactant from feather meal, potato peel and rape seed cake in a single media by response surface methodology to evaluate their biochemical properties for detergent additive. The optimization was carried out using 20 run, 3 factor and 5-level of central composite design on design expert software which resulted in a 1.2, 0.84 and 2.28 fold increase in protease, amylase and biosurfactant production. The proteolytic activity was found to be optimum at pH 9.0 and 60 °C while optimum amylolytic activity was recorded at pH 6.0 and 70 °C respectively. Both enzymes were found to be stable in the presence of organic solvents, ionic and commercial detergent and oxidizing agents. The biosurfactant was extracted with chloroform and was found to be stable at varying pH and temperature; however a reduction in the activity was observed at temperature higher than 70 °C. The isolated enzymes and biosurfactants may find applications in the effective removal of stains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushboo Bhange
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur 495009, Chhattisgarh, India
| | | | - Renu Bhatt
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur 495009, Chhattisgarh, India
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Anil Kumar PK, Suresh PV. Biodegradation of shrimp biowaste by marine Exiguobacterium sp. CFR26M and concomitant production of extracellular protease and antioxidant materials: production and process optimization by response surface methodology. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2014; 16:202-218. [PMID: 24057170 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-013-9531-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Twelve marine bacterial cultures were screened for extracellular protease activity, and the bacterium CFR26M which exhibited the highest activity on caseinate agar plate was identified as an Exiguobacterium sp. Significant amount of extracellular protease (5.9 ± 0.3 U/ml) and antioxidant materials, measured as 2,2'-diphenyl picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (44.4 ± 0.5 %), was produced by CFR26M in submerged fermentation using a shrimp biowaste medium. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the process variables for maximum production of protease and antioxidant materials by CFR26M. Among the seven variables screened by two-level 2**(7-2) fractional factorial design, the concentration of shrimp biowaste, sugar, and phosphate was found to be significant (p ≤ 0.05). The optimum levels of these variables were determined by employing the central composite design (CCD) of RSM. The coefficient of determination (R (2)) values of 0.9039 and 0.8924 for protease and antioxidant, respectively, indicates the accuracy of the CCD models. The optimum levels of shrimp biowaste, sugar, and phosphate were 21.2, 10.5, and 2.3 % (w/v) for production of protease and 28.8, 12, and 0.32 % (w/v) for production of antioxidant material, respectively. The concentration of shrimp biowaste, sugar, and phosphate had linear and quadratic effect on both protease and antioxidant productions. RSM optimization yielded 6.3-fold increases in protease activity and 1.6-fold in antioxidant material production. The crude protease of CFR26M had a maximum activity at 32 ± 2 °C with pH 7.6. This is the first report on the use of marine Exiguobacterium sp. for concomitant production of protease and antioxidant materials from shrimp biowaste.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Anil Kumar
- Meat, Fish and Poultry Technology Department, Central Food Technological Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Mysore, 570 020, India
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Some Investigations on Protease Enzyme Production Kinetics UsingBacillus licheniformisBBRC 100053 and Effects of Inhibitors on Protease Activity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2014. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/394860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Due to great commercial application of protease, it is necessary to study kinetic characterization of this enzyme in order to improve design of enzymatic reactors. In this study, mathematical modeling of protease enzyme production kinetics which is derived fromBacillus licheniformisBBRC 100053 was studied (at 37°C, pH 10 after 73 h in stationary phase, and 150 rpm). The aim of the present paper was to determine the best kinetic model and kinetic parameters for production of protease and calculatingKi(inhibition constant) of different inhibitors to find the most effective one. The kinetic parametersKm(Michaelis-Menten constant) andVm(maximum rate) were calculated 0.626 mM and 0.0523 mM/min. According to the experimental results, using DFP (diisopropyl fluorophosphate) and PMSF (phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride) as inhibitors almost 50% of the enzyme activity could be inhibited when their concentrations were 0.525 and 0.541 mM, respectively.Kifor DFP and PMSF were 0.46 and 0.56 mM, respectively. Kinetic analysis showed that the Lineweaver-Burk model was the best fitting model for protease production kinetics DFP was more effective than PMSF and both of them should be covered in the group of noncompetitive inhibitors.
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Okoroma EA, Purchase D, Garelick H, Morris R, Neale MH, Windl O, Abiola OO. Enzymatic formulation capable of degrading scrapie prion under mild digestion conditions. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68099. [PMID: 23874511 PMCID: PMC3712960 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The prion agent is notoriously resistant to common proteases and conventional sterilisation procedures. The current methods known to destroy prion infectivity such as incineration, alkaline and thermal hydrolysis are harsh, destructive, environmentally polluting and potentially hazardous, thus limit their applications for decontamination of delicate medical and laboratory devices, remediation of prion contaminated environment and for processing animal by-products including specified risk materials and carcases. Therefore, an environmentally friendly, non-destructive enzymatic degradation approach is highly desirable. A feather-degrading Bacillus licheniformis N22 keratinase has been isolated which degraded scrapie prion to undetectable level of PrPSc signals as determined by Western Blot analysis. Prion infectivity was verified by ex vivo cell-based assay. An enzymatic formulation combining N22 keratinase and biosurfactant derived from Pseudomonas aeruginosa degraded PrPSc at 65°C in 10 min to undetectable level -. A time-course degradation analysis carried out at 50°C over 2 h revealed the progressive attenuation of PrPSc intensity. Test of residual infectivity by standard cell culture assay confirmed that the enzymatic formulation reduced PrPSc infectivity to undetectable levels as compared to cells challenged with untreated standard scrapie sheep prion (SSBP/1) (p-value = 0.008 at 95% confidence interval). This novel enzymatic formulation has significant potential application for prion decontamination in various environmentally friendly systems under mild treatment conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeka A. Okoroma
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Diane Purchase
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Hemda Garelick
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Roger Morris
- School of Biomedical Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael H. Neale
- Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA), Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Otto Windl
- Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA), Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Oduola O. Abiola
- PAP Rashidah Sa’adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
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16
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Characterisation, surface properties and biological activity of a biosurfactant produced from industrial waste by Candida sphaerica UCP0995 for application in the petroleum industry. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 102:202-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Revised: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Raut G, Vetal S, Biao R, Liu XY, Zhang L, Kokare C. RETRACTED: Purification and characterization of organic solvent and detergent stable protease isolated from marine Saccharopolyspora sp. A9: Application of protease for wound healing. Biochem Eng J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Khaje Bafghi M, Fazaelipoor MH. Application of Rhamnolipid in the Formulation of a Detergent. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11743-012-1386-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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Makkar RS, Cameotra SS, Banat IM. Advances in utilization of renewable substrates for biosurfactant production. AMB Express 2011; 1:5. [PMID: 21906330 PMCID: PMC3159906 DOI: 10.1186/2191-0855-1-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Biosurfactants are amphiphilic molecules that have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic moieties which partition preferentially at the interfaces such as liquid/liquid, gas/liquid or solid/liquid interfaces. Such characteristics enable emulsifying, foaming, detergency and dispersing properties. Their low toxicity and environmental friendly nature and the wide range of potential industrial applications in bioremediation, health care, oil and food processing industries makes them a highly sought after group of chemical compounds. Interest in them has also been encouraged because of the potential advantages they offer over their synthetic counterparts in many fields spanning environmental, food, biomedical, petrochemical and other industrial applications. Their large scale production and application however are currently restricted by the high cost of production and by the limited understanding of their interactions with cells and with the abiotic environment. In this paper, we review the current knowledge and latest advances in the search for cost effective renewable agro industrial alternative substrates for their production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Swaranjit S Cameotra
- Scientist F, Fellow AMI, FNABS, NESA Environmentalist, Member WFCC Task Groups, Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh-160036, India
| | - Ibrahim M Banat
- Professor Ibrahim M. Banat BSc PhD CBiol FIBiol, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
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20
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Campos-Takaki GM, Sarubbo LA, Albuquerque CDC. Environmentally friendly biosurfactants produced by yeasts. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2010; 672:250-60. [PMID: 20545288 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-5979-9_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Some yeasts are preferred to bacteria as sources for biosurfactants, mainly due to their GRAS status for environmental and health safety reasons. This chapter thus focuses on the production of biosurfactants by some yeast cultures using renewable resources like fatty wastes from household and vegetable oil refineries as major substrates. The chapter also emphasizes on the importance of the application of response surface methodology and artificial neural network techniques for the optimization of biosurfactant production by yeasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galba M Campos-Takaki
- Nucleus of Research in Environmental Sciences, Center of Sciences and Technology, Catholic University of Pernambuco, 50.050-900 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
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de Gusmão CAB, Rufino RD, Sarubbo LA. Laboratory production and characterization of a new biosurfactant from Candida glabrata UCP1002 cultivated in vegetable fat waste applied to the removal of hydrophobic contaminant. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-010-0346-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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22
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Fonseca RR, Silva AJR, De França FP, Cardoso VL, Sérvulo EFC. Optimizing carbon/nitrogen ratio for biosurfactant production by a Bacillus subtilis strain. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2008; 137-140:471-86. [PMID: 18478410 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-007-9073-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A Bacillus subtilis strain isolated from contaminated soil from a refinery has been screened for biosurfactant production in crystal sugar (sucrose) with different nitrogen sources (NaNO(3), (NH(4))(2)SO(4), urea, and residual brewery yeast). The highest reduction in surface tension was achieved with a 48-h fermentation of crystal sugar and ammonium nitrate. Optimization of carbon/nitrogen ratio (3, 9, and 15) and agitation rate (50, 150, and 250 rpm) for biosurfactant production was carried out using complete factorial design and response surface analysis. The condition of C/N 3 and 250 rpm allowed the maximum increase in surface activity of biosurfactant. A suitable model has been developed, having presented great accordance experimental data. Preliminary characterization of the bioproduct suggested it to be a lipopeptide with some isomers differing from those of a commercial surfactin.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Fonseca
- Escola de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Tecnologia, Bloco E, Ilha do Fundão, 21.949-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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23
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Sobrinho HB, Rufino RD, Luna JM, Salgueiro AA, Campos-Takaki GM, Leite LF, Sarubbo LA. Utilization of two agroindustrial by-products for the production of a surfactant by Candida sphaerica UCP0995. Process Biochem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2008.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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24
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Mukherjee S, Das P, Sen R. Towards commercial production of microbial surfactants. Trends Biotechnol 2006; 24:509-15. [PMID: 16997405 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2006.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 367] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2006] [Revised: 08/04/2006] [Accepted: 09/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Biosurfactants or microbial surfactants are surface-active biomolecules that are produced by a variety of microorganisms. Biosurfactants have gained importance in the fields of enhanced oil recovery, environmental bioremediation, food processing and pharmaceuticals owing to their unique properties--higher biodegradability, lower toxicity, and effectiveness at extremes of temperature, pH and salinity. However, large-scale production of these molecules has not been realized because of low yields in production processes and high recovery and purification costs. This article describes some practical approaches that have been adopted to make the biosurfactant production process economically attractive: these include the use of cheaper raw materials, optimized and efficient bioprocesses and overproducing mutant and recombinant strains for obtaining maximum productivity. The application of these strategies in biosurfactant production processes, particularly those using hyper-producing recombinant strains in the optimally controlled environment of a bioreactor, might lead towards the successful commercial production of these valuable and versatile biomolecules in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Mukherjee
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal-721302, India
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