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Sun Y, Tang Y, Zhou J, Guo B, Yuan F, Yao B, Yu Y, Li C. Computational design of myoglobin-based carbene transferases for monoterpene derivatization. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 722:150160. [PMID: 38795453 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Carbene transfer reactions have emerged as pivotal methodologies for the synthesis of complex molecular architectures. Heme protein-catalyzed carbene transfer reactions have shown promising results on model compounds. However, their limited substrate scope has hindered their application in natural product functionalization. Building upon the foundation of previously published work on a carbene transferase-myoglobin variant, this study employs computer-aided protein engineering to design myoglobin variants, using either docking or the deep learning-based LigandMPNN method. These variants were utilized as catalysts in carbene transfer reactions with a selection of monoterpene substrates featuring C-C double bonds, leading to seven target products. This cost-effective methodology broadens the substrate scope for heme protein-catalyzed reactions, thereby opening novel pathways for research in heme protein functionalities and offering fresh perspectives in the synthesis of bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Sun
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488 China
| | - Yinian Tang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488 China
| | - Jing Zhou
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488 China
| | - Bingchen Guo
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488 China
| | - Feiyan Yuan
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488 China.
| | - Bo Yao
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488 China
| | - Yang Yu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488 China.
| | - Chun Li
- MOE Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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2
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Sanfilippo C, Patti A. Epoxide hydrolase activity in the aqueous extracts of vegetable flours and application to the stereoselective hydrolysis of limonene oxide. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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3
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Ivshina IB, Luchnikova NA, Maltseva PY, Ilyina IV, Volcho KP, Gatilov YV, Korchagina DV, Kostrikina NA, Sorokin VV, Mulyukin AL, Salakhutdinov NF. Biotransformation of (–)-Isopulegol by Rhodococcus rhodochrous. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15080964. [PMID: 36015112 PMCID: PMC9412403 DOI: 10.3390/ph15080964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of actinobacteria of the genus Rhodococcus to biotransform the monoterpenoid (–)-isopulegol has been established for the first time. R. rhodochrous strain IEGM 1362 was selected as a bacterium capable of metabolizing (–)-isopulegol to form new, previously unknown, 10-hydroxy (2) and 10-carboxy (3) derivatives, which may presumably have antitumor activity and act as respiratory stimulants and cancer prevention agents. In the experiments, optimal conditions were selected to provide the maximum target catalytic activity of rhodococci. Using up-to-date (TEM, AFM-CLSM, and EDX) and traditional (cell size, roughness, and zeta potential measurements) biophysical and microbiological methods, it was shown that (–)-isopulegol and halloysite nanotubes did not negatively affect the bacterial cells. The data obtained expand our knowledge of the biocatalytic potential of rhodococci and their possible involvement in the synthesis of pharmacologically active compounds from plant derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina B. Ivshina
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 13 Golev Str., 614081 Perm, Russia;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Perm State National Research University, 15 Bukirev Str., 614990 Perm, Russia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-(342)-2808114; Fax: +7-(342)-2809211
| | - Natalia A. Luchnikova
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 13 Golev Str., 614081 Perm, Russia;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Perm State National Research University, 15 Bukirev Str., 614990 Perm, Russia;
| | - Polina Yu. Maltseva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Perm State National Research University, 15 Bukirev Str., 614990 Perm, Russia;
| | - Irina V. Ilyina
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 9 Lavrentiev Avenue, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.V.I.); (K.P.V.); (Y.V.G.); (D.V.K.); (N.F.S.)
| | - Konstantin P. Volcho
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 9 Lavrentiev Avenue, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.V.I.); (K.P.V.); (Y.V.G.); (D.V.K.); (N.F.S.)
| | - Yurii V. Gatilov
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 9 Lavrentiev Avenue, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.V.I.); (K.P.V.); (Y.V.G.); (D.V.K.); (N.F.S.)
| | - Dina V. Korchagina
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 9 Lavrentiev Avenue, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.V.I.); (K.P.V.); (Y.V.G.); (D.V.K.); (N.F.S.)
| | - Nadezhda A. Kostrikina
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 60 let Oktyabrya, 7, bld. 2, 117312 Moscow, Russia; (N.A.K.); (V.V.S.); (A.L.M.)
| | - Vladimir V. Sorokin
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 60 let Oktyabrya, 7, bld. 2, 117312 Moscow, Russia; (N.A.K.); (V.V.S.); (A.L.M.)
| | - Andrey L. Mulyukin
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 60 let Oktyabrya, 7, bld. 2, 117312 Moscow, Russia; (N.A.K.); (V.V.S.); (A.L.M.)
| | - Nariman F. Salakhutdinov
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 9 Lavrentiev Avenue, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.V.I.); (K.P.V.); (Y.V.G.); (D.V.K.); (N.F.S.)
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4
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Mittal R, Srivastava G, Ganjewala D. An update on the progress of microbial biotransformation of commercial monoterpenes. Z NATURFORSCH C 2022; 77:225-240. [PMID: 34881551 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2021-0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Monoterpenes, a class of isoprenoid compounds, are extensively used in flavor, fragrance, perfumery, and cosmetics. They display many astonishing bioactive properties of biological and pharmacological significance. All monoterpenes are derived from universal precursor geranyl diphosphate. The demand for new monoterpenoids has been increasing in flavor, fragrances, perfumery, and pharmaceuticals. Chemical methods, which are harmful for human and the environment, synthesize most of these products. Over the years, researchers have developed alternative methods for the production of newer monoterpenoids. Microbial biotransformation is one of them, which relied on microbes and their enzymes. It has produced many new desirable commercially important monoterpenoids. A growing number of reports reflect an ever-expanding scope of microbial biotransformation in food and aroma industries. Simultaneously, our knowledge of the enzymology of monoterpene biosynthetic pathways has been increasing, which facilitated the biotransformation of monoterpenes. In this article, we have covered the progress made on microbial biotransformation of commercial monoterpenes with a brief introduction to their biosynthesis. We have collected several reports from authentic web sources, including Google Scholar, Pubmed, Web of Science, and Scopus published in the past few years to extract information on the topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchika Mittal
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida 201303, UP, India
| | - Gauri Srivastava
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida 201303, UP, India
| | - Deepak Ganjewala
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida 201303, UP, India
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5
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Bonon AJ, Bahú JO, Klein BC, Mandelli D, Filho RM. Green production of limonene diepoxide for potential biomedical applications. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2020.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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6
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Fessner ND, Weber H, Glieder A. Regiospecific 7-hydroxylation of ten-carbon monoterpenes by detoxifying CYP5035S7 monooxygenase of the white-rot fungus Polyporus arcularius. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 595:35-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.01.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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7
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Microbial production of limonene and its derivatives: Achievements and perspectives. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 44:107628. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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8
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Zhang W, Yu H, Lv Y, Bushley KE, Wickham JD, Gao S, Hu S, Zhao L, Sun J. Gene family expansion of pinewood nematode to detoxify its host defence chemicals. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:940-955. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.15378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- Laboratory of Forest Pathogen Integrated Biology Research Institute of Forestry New Technology Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing China
| | - Haiying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Yunxue Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Kathryn E. Bushley
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology University of Minnesota Twin Cities Saint Paul MN USA
| | - Jacob D. Wickham
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Shenghan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Songnian Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Lilin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Jianghua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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9
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Theron CW, Labuschagné M, Albertyn J, Smit MS. Heterologous coexpression of the benzoate-para-hydroxylase CYP53B1 with different cytochrome P450 reductases in various yeasts. Microb Biotechnol 2019; 12:1126-1138. [PMID: 30341814 PMCID: PMC6801163 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450) are enzymes with high potential as biocatalysts for industrial applications. Their large-scale applications are, however, limited by instability and requirement for coproteins and/or expensive cofactors. These problems are largely overcome when whole cells are used as biocatalysts. We previously screened various yeast species heterologously expressing self-sufficient P450s for their potential as whole-cell biocatalysts. Most P450s are, however, not self-sufficient and consist of two or three protein component systems. Therefore, in the present study, we screened different yeast species for coexpression of P450 and P450-reductase (CPR) partners, using CYP53B1 from Rhodotorula minuta as an exemplary P450. The abilities of three different coexpressed CPR partners to support P450 activity were investigated, two from basidiomycetous origin and one from an ascomycete. The various P450-CPR combinations were cloned into strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Hansenula polymorpha, Yarrowia lipolytica and Arxula adeninivorans, using a broad-range yeast expression vector. The results obtained supported the previous finding that recombinant A. adeninivorans strains perform excellently as whole-cell biocatalysts. This study also demonstrated for the first time the P450 reductase activity of the CPRs from R. minuta and U. maydis. A very interesting observation was the variation in the supportive activity provided by the different reductase partners tested and demonstrated better P450 activity enhancement by a heterologous CPR compared to its natural partner CPR. This study highlights reductase selection as a critical variable for consideration in the pursuit of optimal P450-based catalytic systems. The usefulness of A. adeninivorans as both a host for recombinant P450s and whole-cell biocatalyst was emphasized, supporting earlier findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrispian W. Theron
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food BiotechnologyUniversity of the Free StateBloemfonteinSouth Africa
- South African DST‐NRF Centre of Excellence in Catalysis, c*changeUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Michel Labuschagné
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food BiotechnologyUniversity of the Free StateBloemfonteinSouth Africa
| | - Jacobus Albertyn
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food BiotechnologyUniversity of the Free StateBloemfonteinSouth Africa
| | - Martha S. Smit
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food BiotechnologyUniversity of the Free StateBloemfonteinSouth Africa
- South African DST‐NRF Centre of Excellence in Catalysis, c*changeUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
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10
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Stok JE, Giang PD, Wong SH, De Voss JJ. Exploring the substrate specificity of Cytochrome P450 cin. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 672:108060. [PMID: 31356780 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cytochromes P450 are enzymes that catalyse the oxidation of a wide variety of compounds that range from small volatile compounds, such as monoterpenes to larger compounds like steroids. These enzymes can be modified to selectively oxidise substrates of interest, thereby making them attractive for applications in the biotechnology industry. In this study, we screened a small library of terpenes and terpenoid compounds against P450cin and two P450cin mutants, N242A and N242T, that have previously been shown to affect selectivity. Initial screening indicated that P450cin could catalyse the oxidation of most of the monoterpenes tested; however, sesquiterpenes were not substrates for this enzyme or the N242A mutant. Additionally, both P450cin mutants were found to be able to oxidise other bicyclic monoterpenes. For example, the oxidation of (R)- and (S)-camphor by N242T favoured the production of 5-endo-hydroxycamphor (65-77% of the total products, dependent on the enantiomer), which was similar to that previously observed for (R)-camphor with N242A (73%). Selectivity was also observed for both (R)- and (S)-limonene where N242A predominantly produced the cis-limonene 1,2-epoxide (80% of the products following (R)-limonene oxidation) as compared to P450cin (23% of the total products with (R)-limonene). Of the three enzymes screened, only P450cin was observed to catalyse the oxidation of the aromatic terpene p-cymene. All six possible hydroxylation products were generated from an in vivo expression system catalysing the oxidation of p-cymene and were assigned based on 1H NMR and GC-MS fragmentation patterns. Overall, these results have provided the foundation for pursuing new P450cin mutants that can selectively oxidise various monoterpenes for biocatalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette E Stok
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter D Giang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Siew Hoon Wong
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - James J De Voss
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Australia.
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Rubulotta G, Quadrelli EA. Terpenes: A Valuable Family of Compounds for the Production of Fine Chemicals. STUDIES IN SURFACE SCIENCE AND CATALYSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64127-4.00011-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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12
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El-Minshawy AM, Abdelgaleil SAM, Gadelhak GG, Al-Eryan MA, Rabab RA. Effects of monoterpenes on mortality, growth, fecundity, and ovarian development of Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) (Diptera: Tephritidae). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:15671-15679. [PMID: 29574643 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1780-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The peach fruit fly (PFF), Bactrocera zonata, is a serious insect pest infesting fruits and vegetables. The insecticidal activity of three monoterpenes, namely, (R)-camphor, (R)-carvone, and (1R,2S,5R)-menthol, was evaluated on the second-instar larvae of B. zonata. In addition, the latent effects of monoterpenes on pupation, adult emergence, deformation, oviposition, adult longevity, and ovarian development were also examined. The three tested monoterpenes showed pronounced insecticidal activity against B. zonata larvae with (R)-carvone being the most potent toxicant. When the second-instar larvae of B. zonata were treated with monoterpenes at concentrations of 20, 50, and 70 mg/kg for 72 h, significant reduction in pupation and adult emergence was observed. The three monoterpenes caused complete suppression of adult emergence at 100 mg/kg. Moreover, monoterpenes induced complete inhibition of egg deposition at all tested concentrations. Some adult deformations were also noticed at 20, 50, and 70 mg/kg. However, (R)-carvone was more effective than (1R,2S,5R)-menthol and (R)-camphor on the examined biological parameters. On the other hand, histological examination of the ovaries of emerged females from larvae that fed on diet treated with (R)-carvone, (1R,2S,5R)-menthol, and (R)-camphor at 20 and 50 mg/L indicated that both concentrations caused retardation in the development of ovarioles. It is clear that all the egg chambers are empty; the germarium region is constricted at base due to the failure of oocyte formation. Many vacant spaces were present between ovarioles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz M El-Minshawy
- Department of Applied Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Samir A M Abdelgaleil
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Gadelhak G Gadelhak
- Department of Applied Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Al-Eryan
- Department of Applied Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Rafiaa A Rabab
- Department of Applied Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Yun J, Wu C, Li X, Fan X. Improving the Microbial Food Safety of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables with Aqueous and Vaporous Essential Oils. NATURAL AND BIO-BASED ANTIMICROBIALS FOR FOOD APPLICATIONS 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2018-1287.ch005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yun
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Changqing Wu
- Department of Animal and Food Science, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Xihong Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xuetong Fan
- Eastern Regional Research Center, ARS, USDA, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, United States
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14
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Yang X, Wang C, Li S, Huang K, Li M, Mao W, Cao S, Xia J. Study on the synthesis of bio-based epoxy curing agent derived from myrcene and castor oil and the properties of the cured products. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra24818g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Two biobased curing agents derived from castor oil and myrcene were prepared and were used to cure epoxy E-51.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejuan Yang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products
- CAF
- Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province
- National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization
- Key and Lab. on Forest Chemical Engineering
| | - Chunpeng Wang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products
- CAF
- Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province
- National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization
- Key and Lab. on Forest Chemical Engineering
| | - Shouhai Li
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products
- CAF
- Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province
- National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization
- Key and Lab. on Forest Chemical Engineering
| | - Kun Huang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products
- CAF
- Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province
- National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization
- Key and Lab. on Forest Chemical Engineering
| | - Mei Li
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products
- CAF
- Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province
- National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization
- Key and Lab. on Forest Chemical Engineering
| | - Wei Mao
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products
- CAF
- Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province
- National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization
- Key and Lab. on Forest Chemical Engineering
| | - Shan Cao
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products
- CAF
- Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province
- National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization
- Key and Lab. on Forest Chemical Engineering
| | - Jianling Xia
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products
- CAF
- Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province
- National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization
- Key and Lab. on Forest Chemical Engineering
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15
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Stankevičiūtė J, Vaitekūnas J, Petkevičius V, Gasparavičiūtė R, Tauraitė D, Meškys R. Oxyfunctionalization of pyridine derivatives using whole cells of Burkholderia sp. MAK1. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39129. [PMID: 27982075 PMCID: PMC5159870 DOI: 10.1038/srep39129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyridinols and pyridinamines are important intermediates with many applications in chemical industry. The pyridine derivatives are in great demand as synthons for pharmaceutical products. Moreover, pyridines are used either as biologically active substances or as building blocks for polymers with unique physical properties. Application of enzymes or whole cells is an attractive strategy for preparation of hydroxylated pyridines since the methods for chemical synthesis of pyridinols, particularly aminopyridinols, are usually limited or inefficient. Burkholderia sp. MAK1 (DSM102049), capable of using pyridin-2-ol as the sole carbon and energy source, was isolated from soil. Whole cells of Burkholderia sp. MAK1 were confirmed to possess a good ability to convert different pyridin-2-amines and pyridin-2-ones into their 5-hydroxy derivatives. Moreover, several methylpyridines as well as methylated pyrazines were converted to appropriate N-oxides. In conclusion, regioselective oxyfunctionalization of pyridine derivatives using whole cells of Burkholderia sp. MAK1 is a promising method for the preparation of various pyridin-5-ols and pyridin-N-oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonita Stankevičiūtė
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry, the Life Sciences Centre, Vilnius University, Sauletekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Justas Vaitekūnas
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry, the Life Sciences Centre, Vilnius University, Sauletekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vytautas Petkevičius
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry, the Life Sciences Centre, Vilnius University, Sauletekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Renata Gasparavičiūtė
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry, the Life Sciences Centre, Vilnius University, Sauletekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Daiva Tauraitė
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry, the Life Sciences Centre, Vilnius University, Sauletekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rolandas Meškys
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry, the Life Sciences Centre, Vilnius University, Sauletekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
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CYP101J2, CYP101J3, and CYP101J4, 1,8-Cineole-Hydroxylating Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenases from Sphingobium yanoikuyae Strain B2. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:6507-6517. [PMID: 27590809 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02067-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the isolation and characterization of three new cytochrome P450 monooxygenases: CYP101J2, CYP101J3, and CYP101J4. These P450s were derived from Sphingobium yanoikuyae B2, a strain that was isolated from activated sludge based on its ability to fully mineralize 1,8-cineole. Genome sequencing of this strain in combination with purification of native 1,8-cineole-binding proteins enabled identification of 1,8-cineole-binding P450s. The P450 enzymes were cloned, heterologously expressed (N-terminally His6 tagged) in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3), purified, and spectroscopically characterized. Recombinant whole-cell biotransformation in E. coli demonstrated that all three P450s hydroxylate 1,8-cineole using electron transport partners from E. coli to yield a product putatively identified as (1S)-2α-hydroxy-1,8-cineole or (1R)-6α-hydroxy-1,8-cineole. The new P450s belong to the CYP101 family and share 47% and 44% identity with other 1,8-cineole-hydroxylating members found in Novosphingobium aromaticivorans and Pseudomonas putida Compared to P450cin (CYP176A1), a 1,8-cineole-hydroxylating P450 from Citrobacter braakii, these enzymes share less than 30% amino acid sequence identity and hydroxylate 1,8-cineole in a different orientation. Expansion of the enzyme toolbox for modification of 1,8-cineole creates a starting point for use of hydroxylated derivatives in a range of industrial applications. IMPORTANCE CYP101J2, CYP101J3, and CYP101J4 are cytochrome P450 monooxygenases from S. yanoikuyae B2 that hydroxylate the monoterpenoid 1,8-cineole. These enzymes not only play an important role in microbial degradation of this plant-based chemical but also provide an interesting route to synthesize oxygenated 1,8-cineole derivatives for applications as natural flavor and fragrance precursors or incorporation into polymers. The P450 cytochromes also provide an interesting basis from which to compare other enzymes with a similar function and expand the CYP101 family. This could eventually provide enough bacterial parental enzymes with similar amino acid sequences to enable in vitro evolution via DNA shuffling.
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Effect of some abiotic stresses on the biotransformation of α-pinene by a psychrotrophic Chrysosporium pannorum. Biochem Eng J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Mi J, Schewe H, Buchhaupt M, Holtmann D, Schrader J. Efficient hydroxylation of 1,8-cineole with monoterpenoid-resistant recombinant Pseudomonas putida GS1. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 32:112. [PMID: 27263007 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-016-2071-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, monoterpenoid hydroxylation with Pseudomonas putida GS1 and KT2440 were investigated as host strains, and the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase CYP176A1 (P450cin) and its native redox partner cindoxin (CinC) from Citrobacter braakii were introduced in P. putida to catalyze the stereoselective hydroxylation of 1,8-cineole to (1R)-6β-hydroxy-1,8-cineole. Growth experiments in the presence of 1,8-cineole confirmed pseudomonads' superior resilience compared to E. coli. Whole-cell P. putida harboring P450cin with and without CinC were capable of hydroxylating 1,8-cineole, whereas coexpression of CinC has been shown to accelerate this bioconversion. Under the same conditions, P. putida GS1 produced more than twice the amount of heterologous P450cin and bioconversion product than P. putida KT2440. A concentration of 1.1 ± 0.1 g/L (1R)-6β-hydroxy-1,8-cineole was obtained within 55 h in shake flasks and 13.3 ± 1.9 g/L in 89 h in a bioreactor, the latter of which corresponds to a yield YP/S of 79 %. To the authors' knowledge, this is the highest product titer for a P450 based whole-cell monoterpene oxyfunctionalization reported so far. These results show that solvent-tolerant P. putida GS1 can be used as a highly efficient recombinant whole-cell biocatalyst for a P450 monooxygenase-based valorization of monoterpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Mi
- Biochemical Engineering, DECHEMA-Forschungsinstitut, Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, 60486, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Hendrik Schewe
- Biochemical Engineering, DECHEMA-Forschungsinstitut, Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, 60486, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Markus Buchhaupt
- Biochemical Engineering, DECHEMA-Forschungsinstitut, Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, 60486, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dirk Holtmann
- Biochemical Engineering, DECHEMA-Forschungsinstitut, Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, 60486, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jens Schrader
- Biochemical Engineering, DECHEMA-Forschungsinstitut, Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, 60486, Frankfurt, Germany.
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Stok JE, Hall EA, Stone IS, Noble MC, Wong SH, Bell SG, De Voss JJ. In vivo and in vitro hydroxylation of cineole and camphor by cytochromes P450CYP101A1, CYP101B1 and N242A CYP176A1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Marmulla R, Šafarić B, Markert S, Schweder T, Harder J. Linalool isomerase, a membrane-anchored enzyme in the anaerobic monoterpene degradation in Thauera linaloolentis 47Lol. BMC BIOCHEMISTRY 2016; 17:6. [PMID: 26979141 PMCID: PMC4791888 DOI: 10.1186/s12858-016-0062-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Thauera linaloolentis 47Lol uses the tertiary monoterpene alcohol (R,S)-linalool as sole carbon and energy source under denitrifying conditions. The conversion of linalool to geraniol had been observed in carbon-excess cultures, suggesting the presence of a 3,1-hydroxyl-Δ1-Δ2-mutase (linalool isomerase) as responsible enzyme. To date, only a single enzyme catalyzing such a reaction is described: the linalool dehydratase/isomerase (Ldi) from Castellaniella defragrans 65Phen acting only on (S)-linalool. Results The linalool isomerase activity was located in the inner membrane. It was enriched by subcellular fractionation and sucrose gradient centrifugation. MALDI-ToF MS analysis of the enriched protein identified the corresponding gene named lis that codes for the protein in the strain with the highest similarity to the Ldi. Linalool isomerase is predicted to have four transmembrane helices at the N-terminal domain and a cytosolic domain. Enzyme activity required a reductant for activation. A specific activity of 3.42 ± 0.28 nkat mg * protein−1 and a kM value of 455 ± 124 μM were determined for the thermodynamically favored isomerization of geraniol to both linalool isomers at optimal conditions of pH 8 and 35 °C. Conclusion The linalool isomerase from T. linaloolentis 47Lol represents a second member of the enzyme class 5.4.4.4, next to the linalool dehydratase/isomerase from C. defragrans 65Phen. Besides considerable amino acid sequence similarity both enzymes share common characteristics with respect to substrate affinity, pH and temperature optima, but differ in the dehydratase activity and the turnover of linalool isomers. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12858-016-0062-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Marmulla
- Department of Microbiology, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstr. 1, D-28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Barbara Šafarić
- Department of Microbiology, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstr. 1, D-28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Markert
- Institute for Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, D-17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Schweder
- Institute for Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, D-17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jens Harder
- Department of Microbiology, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstr. 1, D-28359, Bremen, Germany.
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Willrodt C, Hoschek A, Bühler B, Schmid A, Julsing MK. Coupling limonene formation and oxyfunctionalization by mixed-culture resting cell fermentation. Biotechnol Bioeng 2015; 112:1738-50. [PMID: 25786991 DOI: 10.1002/bit.25592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic engineering strategies mark a milestone for the fermentative production of bulk and fine chemicals. Yet, toxic products and volatile reaction intermediates with low solubilities remain challenging. Prominent examples are artificial multistep pathways like the production of perillyl acetate (POHAc) from glucose via limonene. For POHAc, these limitations can be overcome by mixed-culture fermentations. A limonene biosynthesis pathway and cytochrome P450 153A6 (CYP153A6) as regioselective hydroxylase are used in two distinct recombinant E. coli. POHAc formation from glucose in one recombinant cell was hindered by ineffective coupling of limonene synthesis and low rates of oxyfunctionalization. The optimization of P450 gene expression led to the formation of 6.20 ± 0.06 mg gcdw (-1) POHAc in a biphasic batch cultivation with glucose as sole carbon and energy source. Increasing the spatial proximity between limonene synthase and CYP153A6 by a genetic fusion of both enzymes changed the molar limonene/POHAc ratio from 3.2 to 1.6. Spatial separation of limonene biosynthesis from its oxyfunctionalization improved POHAc concentration 3.3-fold to 21.7 mg L(-1) as compared to a biphasic fermentation. Mixed-cultures of E. coli BL21 (DE3) containing the limonene biosynthesis pathway and E. coli MG1655 harboring either CYP153A6, or alternatively a cymene monooxygenase, showed POHAc formation rates of 0.06 or 0.11 U gcdw (-1) , respectively. This concept provides a novel framework for fermentative syntheses involving toxic, volatile, or barely soluble compounds or pathway intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Willrodt
- Laboratory of Chemical Biotechnology, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany.,Department Solar Materials, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anna Hoschek
- Laboratory of Chemical Biotechnology, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Bruno Bühler
- Laboratory of Chemical Biotechnology, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andreas Schmid
- Department Solar Materials, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Mattijs K Julsing
- Laboratory of Chemical Biotechnology, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
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Gene discovery for enzymes involved in limonene modification or utilization by the mountain pine beetle-associated pathogen Grosmannia clavigera. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 80:4566-76. [PMID: 24837377 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00670-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To successfully colonize and eventually kill pine trees, Grosmannia clavigera (Gs cryptic species), the main fungal pathogen associated with the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae), has developed multiple mechanisms to overcome host tree chemical defenses, of which terpenoids are a major component. In addition to a monoterpene efflux system mediated by a recently discovered ABC transporter, Gs has genes that are highly induced by monoterpenes and that encode enzymes that modify or utilize monoterpenes [especially (+)-limonene]. We showed that pine-inhabiting Ophiostomale fungi are tolerant to monoterpenes, but only a few, including Gs, are known to utilize monoterpenes as a carbon source. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed that Gs can modify (+)-limonene through various oxygenation pathways, producing carvone, p-mentha-2,8-dienol, perillyl alcohol, and isopiperitenol. It can also degrade (+)-limonene through the C-1-oxygenated pathway, producing limonene-1,2-diol as the most abundant intermediate. Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) data indicated that Gs may utilize limonene 1,2-diol through beta-oxidation and then valine and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) metabolic pathways. The data also suggested that at least two gene clusters, located in genome contigs 108 and 161, were highly induced by monoterpenes and may be involved in monoterpene degradation processes. Further, gene knockouts indicated that limonene degradation required two distinct Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases (BVMOs), an epoxide hydrolase and an enoyl coenzyme A (enoyl-CoA) hydratase. Our work provides information on enzyme-mediated limonene utilization or modification and a more comprehensive understanding of the interaction between an economically important fungal pathogen and its host's defense chemicals.
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Pattanaik B, Lindberg P. Terpenoids and their biosynthesis in cyanobacteria. Life (Basel) 2015; 5:269-93. [PMID: 25615610 PMCID: PMC4390852 DOI: 10.3390/life5010269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Terpenoids, or isoprenoids, are a family of compounds with great structural diversity which are essential for all living organisms. In cyanobacteria, they are synthesized from the methylerythritol-phosphate (MEP) pathway, using glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and pyruvate produced by photosynthesis as substrates. The products of the MEP pathway are the isomeric five-carbon compounds isopentenyl diphosphate and dimethylallyl diphosphate, which in turn form the basic building blocks for formation of all terpenoids. Many terpenoid compounds have useful properties and are of interest in the fields of pharmaceuticals and nutrition, and even potentially as future biofuels. The MEP pathway, its function and regulation, and the subsequent formation of terpenoids have not been fully elucidated in cyanobacteria, despite its relevance for biotechnological applications. In this review, we summarize the present knowledge about cyanobacterial terpenoid biosynthesis, both regarding the native metabolism and regarding metabolic engineering of cyanobacteria for heterologous production of non-native terpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bagmi Pattanaik
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Pia Lindberg
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Balcerzak L, Lipok J, Strub D, Lochyński S. Biotransformations of monoterpenes by photoautotrophic micro-organisms. J Appl Microbiol 2014; 117:1523-36. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Balcerzak
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry; Wroclaw University of Technology; Wroclaw Poland
| | - J. Lipok
- Department of Analytical and Ecological Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry; Opole University; Opole Poland
| | - D. Strub
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry; Wroclaw University of Technology; Wroclaw Poland
| | - S. Lochyński
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry; Wroclaw University of Technology; Wroclaw Poland
- Institute of Cosmetology; Wroclaw College of Physiotherapy; Wroclaw Poland
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Marmulla R, Harder J. Microbial monoterpene transformations-a review. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:346. [PMID: 25076942 PMCID: PMC4097962 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoprene and monoterpenes constitute a significant fraction of new plant biomass. Emission rates into the atmosphere alone are estimated to be over 500 Tg per year. These natural hydrocarbons are mineralized annually in similar quantities. In the atmosphere, abiotic photochemical processes cause lifetimes of minutes to hours. Microorganisms encounter isoprene, monoterpenes, and other volatiles of plant origin while living in and on plants, in the soil and in aquatic habitats. Below toxic concentrations, the compounds can serve as carbon and energy source for aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms. Besides these catabolic reactions, transformations may occur as part of detoxification processes. Initial transformations of monoterpenes involve the introduction of functional groups, oxidation reactions, and molecular rearrangements catalyzed by various enzymes. Pseudomonas and Rhodococcus strains and members of the genera Castellaniella and Thauera have become model organisms for the elucidation of biochemical pathways. We review here the enzymes and their genes together with microorganisms known for a monoterpene metabolism, with a strong focus on microorganisms that are taxonomically validly described and currently available from culture collections. Metagenomes of microbiomes with a monoterpene-rich diet confirmed the ecological relevance of monoterpene metabolism and raised concerns on the quality of our insights based on the limited biochemical knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Marmulla
- Department of Microbiology, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology Bremen, Germany
| | - Jens Harder
- Department of Microbiology, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology Bremen, Germany
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Petasch J, Disch EM, Markert S, Becher D, Schweder T, Hüttel B, Reinhardt R, Harder J. The oxygen-independent metabolism of cyclic monoterpenes in Castellaniella defragrans 65Phen. BMC Microbiol 2014; 14:164. [PMID: 24952578 PMCID: PMC4109377 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-14-164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The facultatively anaerobic betaproteobacterium Castellaniella defragrans 65Phen utilizes acyclic, monocyclic and bicyclic monoterpenes as sole carbon source under oxic as well as anoxic conditions. A biotransformation pathway of the acyclic β-myrcene required linalool dehydratase-isomerase as initial enzyme acting on the hydrocarbon. An in-frame deletion mutant did not use myrcene, but was able to grow on monocyclic monoterpenes. The genome sequence and a comparative proteome analysis together with a random transposon mutagenesis were conducted to identify genes involved in the monocyclic monoterpene metabolism. Metabolites accumulating in cultures of transposon and in-frame deletion mutants disclosed the degradation pathway. Results Castellaniella defragrans 65Phen oxidizes the monocyclic monoterpene limonene at the primary methyl group forming perillyl alcohol. The genome of 3.95 Mb contained a 70 kb genome island coding for over 50 proteins involved in the monoterpene metabolism. This island showed higher homology to genes of another monoterpene-mineralizing betaproteobacterium, Thauera terpenica 58EuT, than to genomes of the family Alcaligenaceae, which harbors the genus Castellaniella. A collection of 72 transposon mutants unable to grow on limonene contained 17 inactivated genes, with 46 mutants located in the two genes ctmAB (cyclic terpene metabolism). CtmA and ctmB were annotated as FAD-dependent oxidoreductases and clustered together with ctmE, a 2Fe-2S ferredoxin gene, and ctmF, coding for a NADH:ferredoxin oxidoreductase. Transposon mutants of ctmA, B or E did not grow aerobically or anaerobically on limonene, but on perillyl alcohol. The next steps in the pathway are catalyzed by the geraniol dehydrogenase GeoA and the geranial dehydrogenase GeoB, yielding perillic acid. Two transposon mutants had inactivated genes of the monoterpene ring cleavage (mrc) pathway. 2-Methylcitrate synthase and 2-methylcitrate dehydratase were also essential for the monoterpene metabolism but not for growth on acetate. Conclusions The genome of Castellaniella defragrans 65Phen is related to other genomes of Alcaligenaceae, but contains a genomic island with genes of the monoterpene metabolism. Castellaniella defragrans 65Phen degrades limonene via a limonene dehydrogenase and the oxidation of perillyl alcohol. The initial oxidation at the primary methyl group is independent of molecular oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jens Harder
- Department of Microbiology, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstraße 1, Bremen D-28359, Germany.
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Lipke A, Trytek M, Fiedurek J, Majdan M, Janik E. Spectroscopic and biocatalytic properties of a chlorophyll-containing extract in silica gel. J Mol Struct 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Shibata M, Asano M. Biobased thermosetting resins composed of terpene and bismaleimide. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.38477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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