1
|
Mu B, Sadowski P, Te'o J, Patel B, Pathiraja N, Dudley K. Identification and characterisation of moderately thermostable diisobutyl phthalate degrading esterase from a Great Artesian Basin Bacillus velezensis NP05. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 42:e00840. [PMID: 38645886 PMCID: PMC11033087 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2024.e00840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Phthalate esters are known to be endocrine disrupting chemicals and are documented to pollute environments. Enzymatic degradation of PAEs is a potential bioremedial strategy to manage contamination. Thermostable bioremedial enzymes have advantages in enzyme manufacturing and storage. In this study, we identified, overexpressed, and characterised a moderately thermostable para-nitrobenzyl esterase from whole genome sequencing of a Bacillus velezensis NP05 from the Great Artesian Basin, capable of sequential 2-step hydrolysis of diisobutyl phthalate. The pnbA enzyme has a molecular weight of 55.14 kDa and pI of 5.31. It preferentially degrades para-nitrophenyl butanoate and has an optimal pH of 7-8. The pnbA esterase has an optimal temperature of 55 °C with a half-life of 4 h. Using HPLC we found that pnbA (0.122 U) can hydrolyse 0.83 mM of DIBP within 25 min. Lastly, pnbA is potentially a more economically viable candidate for enzymatic bioremediation of diisobutyl phthalate as a free enzyme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Mu
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), The School of Biology and Environmental Science (BES), 2 George St Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Central Analytical Research Facility (CARF), 2 George St Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Pawel Sadowski
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Central Analytical Research Facility (CARF), 2 George St Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Junior Te'o
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), The School of Biology and Environmental Science (BES), 2 George St Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Bharat Patel
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), The School of Biology and Environmental Science (BES), 2 George St Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Nayana Pathiraja
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), The School of Biology and Environmental Science (BES), 2 George St Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Kevin Dudley
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), The School of Biology and Environmental Science (BES), 2 George St Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Central Analytical Research Facility (CARF), 2 George St Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xu Y, Sun Y, Lei M, Hou J. Phthalates contamination in sediments: A review of sources, influencing factors, benthic toxicity, and removal strategies. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 344:123389. [PMID: 38246215 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Sediments provide habitat and food for benthos, and phthalates (PAEs) have been detected in numerous river and marine sediments as a widely used plastic additive. PAEs in sediments is not only toxic to benthos, but also poses a threat to pelagic fish and human health through the food chain, so it is essential to comprehensively assess the contamination of sediments with PAEs. This paper presents a critical evaluation of PAEs in sediments, which is embodied in the analysis of the sources of PAEs in sediments from multiple perspectives. Biological production is indispensable, while artificial synthesis is the most dominant, thus the focus was on analyzing the industrial and commercial sources of synthetic PAEs. In addition, since the content of PAEs in sediments varies, some factors affecting the content of PAEs in sediments are summarized, such as the properties of PAEs, the properties of plastics, and environmental factors (sediments properties and hydrodynamic conditions). As endocrine disruptors, PAEs can produce toxicity to its direct contacts. Therefore, the effects of PAEs on benthos immunity, endocrinology, reproduction, development, and metabolism were comprehensively analyzed. In addition, we found that reciprocal inhibition and activation of the systems lead to genotoxicity and apoptosis. Finally, the paper discusses the feasible measures to control PAEs in wastewater and leachate from the perspective of source control, and summarizes the in-situ treatment measures for PAEs contamination in sediments. This paper provides a comprehensive review of PAEs contamination in sediments, toxic effects and removal strategies, and provides an important reference for reducing the contamination and toxicity of PAEs to benthos.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Yuqiong Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Ming Lei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Jing Hou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Feng NX, Zhang F, Xie Y, Bin H, Xiang L, Li YW, Zhang F, Huang Y, Zhao HM, Cai QY, Mo CH, Li QX. Genome mining-guided activation of two silenced tandem genes in Raoultella ornithinolytica XF201 for complete biodegradation of phthalate acid esters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 864:161013. [PMID: 36549521 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates (PAEs) are ubiquitous in soils and food products and thus pose a high risk to human health. Herein, genome mining revealed a great diversity of bacteria with PAEs-degrading potential. Mining of the genome of Raoultella ornithinolytica XF201, a novel strain isolated from Dongxiang wild rice rhizosphere, revealed the presence of two silenced tandem genes pcdGH (encoding protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase, 3,4-PCD), key aromatic ring-cleaving genes in PAEs biodegradation. Ribosome engineering was successfully utilized to activate the expression of pcdGH genes to produce 3,4-PCD in the mutant XF201-G2U5. The mutant XF201-G2U5 showed high 3,4-PCD activity and could remove 94.5 % of di-n butyl phthalate (DBP) in 72 h. The degradation kinetics obeyed the first-order kinetic model. Strain XF201-G2U5 could also degrade the other PAEs and the main intermediate metabolites, ultimately leading to tricarboxylic acid cycle. Therefore, this strategy facilitates novel bacterial resources discovery for bioremediation of PAEs and other emerging contaminants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Xian Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yunchang Xie
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Hui Bin
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lei Xiang
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yan-Wen Li
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Fantao Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Yunhong Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Hai-Ming Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Quan-Ying Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ce-Hui Mo
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Qing X Li
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lai J, Huang H, Lin M, Xu Y, Li X, Sun B. Enzyme catalyzes ester bond synthesis and hydrolysis: The key step for sustainable usage of plastics. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1113705. [PMID: 36713200 PMCID: PMC9878459 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1113705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Petro-plastic wastes cause serious environmental contamination that require effective solutions. Developing alternatives to petro-plastics and exploring feasible degrading methods are two solving routes. Bio-plastics like polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), poly (butylene succinate) (PBS), poly (ethylene furanoate) s (PEFs) and poly (ethylene succinate) (PES) have emerged as promising alternatives. Meanwhile, biodegradation plays important roles in recycling plastics (e.g., bio-plastics PHAs, PLA, PCL, PBS, PEFs and PES) and petro-plastics poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and plasticizers in plastics (e.g., phthalate esters, PAEs). All these bio- and petro-materials show structure similarity by connecting monomers through ester bond. Thus, this review focused on bio-plastics and summarized the sequences and structures of the microbial enzymes catalyzing ester-bond synthesis. Most of these synthetic enzymes belonged to α/β-hydrolases with conserved serine catalytic active site and catalyzed the polymerization of monomers by forming ester bond. For enzymatic plastic degradation, enzymes about PHAs, PBS, PCL, PEFs, PES and PET were discussed, and most of the enzymes also belonged to the α/β hydrolases with a catalytic active residue serine, and nucleophilically attacked the ester bond of substrate to generate the cleavage of plastic backbone. Enzymes hydrolysis of the representative plasticizer PAEs were divided into three types (I, II, and III). Type I enzymes hydrolyzed only one ester-bond of PAEs, type II enzymes catalyzed the ester-bond of mono-ester phthalates, and type III enzymes hydrolyzed di-ester bonds of PAEs. Divergences of catalytic mechanisms among these enzymes were still unclear. This review provided references for producing bio-plastics, and degrading or recycling of bio- and petro-plastics from an enzymatic point of view.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinghui Lai
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Microbiology and Enzymatic Molecular Engineering of China General Chamber of Commence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Huiqin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Microbiology and Enzymatic Molecular Engineering of China General Chamber of Commence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengwei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Microbiology and Enzymatic Molecular Engineering of China General Chamber of Commence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Youqiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Microbiology and Enzymatic Molecular Engineering of China General Chamber of Commence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Youqiang Xu, ✉
| | - Xiuting Li
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Microbiology and Enzymatic Molecular Engineering of China General Chamber of Commence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Baoguo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Microbiology and Enzymatic Molecular Engineering of China General Chamber of Commence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bhattacharyya M, Basu S, Dhar R, Dutta TK. Phthalate hydrolase: distribution, diversity and molecular evolution. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2022; 14:333-346. [PMID: 34816599 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.13028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The alpha/beta-fold superfamily of hydrolases is rapidly becoming one of the largest groups of structurally related enzymes with diverse catalytic functions. In this superfamily of enzymes, esterase deserves special attention because of their wide distribution in biological systems and importance towards environmental and industrial applications. Among various esterases, phthalate hydrolases are the key alpha/beta enzymes involved in the metabolism of structurally diverse estrogenic phthalic acid esters, ubiquitously distributed synthetic chemicals, used as plasticizer in plastic manufacturing processes. Although they vary both at the sequence and functional levels, these hydrolases use a similar acid-base-nucleophile catalytic mechanism to catalyse reactions on structurally different substrates. The current review attempts to present insights on phthalate hydrolases, describing their sources, structural diversities, phylogenetic affiliations and catalytically different types or classes of enzymes, categorized as diesterase, monoesterase and diesterase-monoesterase, capable of hydrolysing phthalate diester, phthalate monoester and both respectively. Furthermore, available information on in silico analyses and site-directed mutagenesis studies revealing structure-function integrity and altered enzyme kinetics have been highlighted along with the possible scenario of their evolution at the molecular level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Suman Basu
- Department of Microbiology, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Rinita Dhar
- Department of Microbiology, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Tapan K Dutta
- Department of Microbiology, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Das MT, Kumar SS, Ghosh P, Shah G, Malyan SK, Bajar S, Thakur IS, Singh L. Remediation strategies for mitigation of phthalate pollution: Challenges and future perspectives. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 409:124496. [PMID: 33187797 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates are a group of emerging xenobiotic compounds commonly used as plasticizers. In recent times, there has been an increasing concern over the risk of phthalate exposure leading to adverse effects to human health and the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to not only understand the current status of phthalate pollution, their sources, exposure routes and health impacts, but also identify remediation technologies for mitigating phthalate pollution. Present review article aims to inform its readers about the ever increasing data on health burdens posed by phthalates and simultaneously highlights the recent advancements in research to alleviate phthalate contamination from environment. The article enumerates the major phthalates in use today, traces their environmental fate, addresses their growing health hazard concerns and largely focus on to provide an in-depth understanding of the different physical, chemical and biological treatment methods currently being used or under research for alleviating the risk of phthalate pollution, their challenges and the future research perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mihir Tanay Das
- Department of Environmental Science, Fakir Mohan University, Balasore 756020, Odisha, India
| | - Smita S Kumar
- J.C. Bose University of Science and Technology, YMCA, Faridabad 121006, Haryana, India; Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Pooja Ghosh
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Goldy Shah
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Sandeep K Malyan
- Institute for Soil, Water, and Environmental Sciences, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Somvir Bajar
- J.C. Bose University of Science and Technology, YMCA, Faridabad 121006, Haryana, India
| | - Indu Shekhar Thakur
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110 067, India
| | - Lakhveer Singh
- Department of Environmental Science, SRM University-AP, Amaravati 522502, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Baker A, Ahmad B, Alarjani KM, Aldosri NS, Khan MS. Biostimulation of Rhodovulum sp., for enhanced degradation of di-n-butyl phthalate under optimum conditions. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 266:128998. [PMID: 33308837 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Di-butyl phthalate (DBP) is an extensively applied synthetic plasticizer, toxic organic compound with elevated concentrations in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem that cause serious risk to the human health. A marine bacterium Rhodovulum sp. DBP07 isolated from sea water with proficient of efficiently degrading DBP. The maximum DBP degradation (70.2%) and the cell growth (1.3 OD600nm) were observed at 600 mg/L. The DBP degradation characteristics of the isolate Rhodovulum sp. DBP07 with diverse preliminary concentrations of DBP was found to be 200 ˃ 400 ˃ 600 ˂ 800 ˂ 1000 mg/L DBP. Glucose was identified as most favorable nutrient factor for the enhanced growth and showed 79.8 and 77.4% of degradation rate at 5.0 and 2.0 g/L respectively. The influence of the carbon sources on DBP degradation was found to be Glucose ˃ fructose ˃ sucrose ˃ maltose ˃ lactose ˃ citric acid ˃ starch. Box-Behnken (BBD) statistical optimization results showed enhanced DBP biodegradation rate (91.1%) at pH 7.0, 3% of NaCl concentration with 3 days of incubation. Two intermediate compounds were observed in the retention times of 10.8 and 12.2 which are identified as diethyl phthalate (DEP) and mono-nbutyl phthalate (MBP) using Gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Furthermore, the phthalate (pht) gene expression pattern under DBP stress was analyzed using RT-qPCR and the maximum fold change (5.7 fold) was observed at 3 day of incubation. Overall, the observed results indicate the possibility of utilizing Rhodovulum sp. for remediation of DBP contaminated environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abu Baker
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology Lab, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow, India
| | - Bilal Ahmad
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Khaloud Mohammed Alarjani
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noura Saleem Aldosri
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Sajid Khan
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology Lab, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow, India; Department of Biochemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202001, UP, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ding J, Zhou Y, Wang C, Peng Z, Mu Y, Tang X, Huang Z. Development of a whole-cell biocatalyst for diisobutyl phthalate degradation by functional display of a carboxylesterase on the surface of Escherichia coli. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:114. [PMID: 32471417 PMCID: PMC7260753 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01373-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are widely used as plasticizers or additives during the industrial manufacturing of plastic products. PAEs have been detected in both aquatic and terrestrial environments due to their overuse. Exposure of PAEs results in human health concerns and environmental pollution. Diisobutyl phthalate is one of the main plasticizers in PAEs. Cell surface display of recombinant proteins has become a powerful tool for biotechnology applications. In this current study, a carboxylesterase was displayed on the surface of Escherichia coli cells, for use as whole-cell biocatalyst in diisobutyl phthalate biodegradation. Results A carboxylesterase-encoding gene (carEW) identified from Bacillus sp. K91, was fused to the N-terminal of ice nucleation protein (inpn) anchor from Pseudomonas syringae and gfp gene, and the fused protein was then cloned into pET-28a(+) vector and was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells. The surface localization of INPN-CarEW/or INPN-CarEW-GFP fusion protein was confirmed by SDS-PAGE, western blot, proteinase accessibility assay, and green fluorescence measurement. The catalytic activity of the constructed E. coli surface-displayed cells was determined. The cell-surface-displayed CarEW displayed optimal temperature of 45 °C and optimal pH of 9.0, using p-NPC2 as substrate. In addition, the whole cell biocatalyst retained ~ 100% and ~ 200% of its original activity per OD600 over a period of 23 days at 45 °C and one month at 4 °C, exhibiting the better stability than free CarEW. Furthermore, approximately 1.5 mg/ml of DiBP was degraded by 10 U of surface-displayed CarEW cells in 120 min. Conclusions This work provides a promising strategy of cost-efficient biodegradation of diisobutyl phthalate for environmental bioremediation by displaying CarEW on the surface of E. coli cells. This approach might also provide a reference in treatment of other different kinds of environmental pollutants by displaying the enzyme of interest on the cell surface of a harmless microorganism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junmei Ding
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China. .,Key Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China. .,Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
| | - Yang Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.,Key Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.,Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Chaofan Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.,Key Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.,Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Zheng Peng
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.,Key Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.,Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuelin Mu
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.,Key Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.,Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Xianghua Tang
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.,Key Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.,Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Zunxi Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China. .,Key Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China. .,Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
A Rapid Method for the Selection of Amidohydrolases from Metagenomic Libraries by Applying Synthetic Nucleosides and a Uridine Auxotrophic Host. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10040445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the development of a rapid, high-throughput method for the selection of amide-hydrolysing enzymes from the metagenome is described. This method is based on uridine auxotrophic Escherichia coli strain DH10B ∆pyrFEC and the use of N4-benzoyl-2’-deoxycytidine as a sole source of uridine in the minimal microbial M9 medium. The approach described here permits the selection of unique biocatalysts, e.g., a novel amidohydrolase from the activating signal cointegrator homology (ASCH) family and a polyethylene terephthalate hydrolase (PETase)-related enzyme.
Collapse
|
10
|
Cheng X, Dong S, Chen D, Rui Q, Guo J, Jiang J. Potential of esterase DmtH in transforming plastic additive dimethyl terephthalate to less toxic mono-methyl terephthalate. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 187:109848. [PMID: 31670182 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) is a primary ingredient widely used in the manufacture of polyesters and industrial plastics; its environmental fate is of concern due to its global use. Microorganisms play key roles in the dissipation of DMT from the environment; however, the enzymes responsible for the initial transformation of DMT and the possible altered toxicity due to this biotransformation have not been extensively studied. To reduce DMT toxicity, we identified the esterase gene dmtH involved in the initial transformation of DMT from the AOPP herbicide-transforming strain Sphingobium sp. C3. DmtH shows 24-41% identity with α/β-hydrolases and belongs to subfamily V of bacterial esterases. The purified recombinant DmtH was capable of transforming DMT to mono-methyl terephthalate (MMT) and potentially transforming other p-phthalic acid esters, including diallyl terephthalate (DAT) and diethyl terephthalate (DET). Using C. elegans as an assay model, we observed the severe toxicity of DMT in inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, decreasing locomotion behavior, reducing lifespan, altering molecular basis for oxidative stress, and inducing mitochondrial stress. In contrast, exposure to MMT did not cause obvious toxicity, induce oxidative stress, and activate mitochondrial stress in nematodes. Our study highlights the usefulness of Sphingobium sp. C3 and its esterase DmtH in transforming p-phthalic acid esters and reducing the toxicity of DMT to organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokun Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, Key Lab of Microbiology for Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shuangshuang Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Dian Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Key Lab of Microbiology for Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qi Rui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jingjing Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jiandong Jiang
- Department of Microbiology, Key Lab of Microbiology for Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tao Y, Li H, Gu J, Shi H, Han S, Jiao Y, Zhong G, Zhang Q, Akindolie MS, Lin Y, Chen Z, Zhang Y. Metabolism of diethyl phthalate (DEP) and identification of degradation intermediates by Pseudomonas sp. DNE-S1. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 173:411-418. [PMID: 30798184 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A Pseudomonas sp. DNE-S1 (GenBank accession number MF803832), able to degrade DEP in a wide range of acid-base conditions, was isolated from landfill soil. The growth kinetics of DNE-S1 on DEP followed the inhibition model. Fe3+ could promote the degradation ability of DNE-S1 to DEP probably by over-expression of the gene phthalate dihydrodiol dehydrogenase (ophB) and phthalate dioxygenase ferredoxin reductase (ophA4). The degradation rate of DEP (500 mg L-1 at 12 h) increased by 14.5% in the presence of Fe3+. Cu2+, Zn2+, and Mn2+ showed an inhibiting effect on the degradation performance of the strain and could alter the cellular morphology, surface area and volume of DNE-S1. Three degradation intermediates, namely ethyl methyl phthalate (EMP), dimethyl phthalate (DMP), and phthalic acid (PA), were detected in the biodegradation of DEP, and the biochemical pathway of DEP degradation was proposed. This study provides new information on the biochemical pathways and the responsible genes involved in DEP degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Tao
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Hanxu Li
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Jidong Gu
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Toxicology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region
| | - Hongtao Shi
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Siyue Han
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Yaqi Jiao
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Guanyu Zhong
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Modupe S Akindolie
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Yulong Lin
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Zhaobo Chen
- College of Environment and Resources, Dalian Minzu University, No. 18, Liaohe West Road, Jinzhou New District, Dalian, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
González-Márquez A, Loera-Corral O, Santacruz-Juárez E, Tlécuitl-Beristain S, García-Dávila J, Viniegra-González G, Sánchez C. Biodegradation patterns of the endocrine disrupting pollutant di(2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate by Fusarium culmorum. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 170:293-299. [PMID: 30530181 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.11.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a widely used plasticizer, which is considered an endocrine disrupting pollutant. Growth kinetics and esterases activity by biochemical tests and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were characterized for Fusarium culmorum grown in DEHP-supplemented (1000 mg/L) medium as the only carbon source and in control medium with glucose. Intermediate compounds of biodegraded DEHP were identified by GC-MS. F. culmorum degraded 92% of DEHP within 36 h. DEHP was degraded to butanol, hexanal, catechol and acetic acid. It is suggested that the first two compounds would transform into butanediol and the last two would enter into the Krebs cycle and would be mineralized to CO2 and H2O. DEHP induced eight esterase isoforms, which were different to those constitutive isoforms produced in the control medium. It is suggested that five enzymes (25.7, 29.5, 31.8, 97.6 and 144.5 kDa) detected during the first 36 h be involved in the primary biodegradation of DEHP. The rest of the enzymes (45.9, 66.6 and 202.9 kDa) might be involved in the final steps for DEHP metabolism. F. culmorum has a promising practical application in the treatment of DEHP-contaminated environments because it can secrete specific esterase to breakdown high concentrations of DEHP in a short period of time. This research represents the first approach for the study of esterase involved in the DEHP degradation by fungi using this phthalate as the sole source of carbon and energy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angel González-Márquez
- Doctorado en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco N° 186, Col. Vicentina, C.P. 09340 Iztapalapa, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Octavio Loera-Corral
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco N° 186, Col. Vicentina, C.P. 09340 Iztapalapa, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Ericka Santacruz-Juárez
- Universidad Politécnica de Tlaxcala, San Pedro Xalcatzinco, Tepeyanco, Tlaxcala C.P. 90180, Mexico
| | - Saúl Tlécuitl-Beristain
- Universidad Politécnica de Tlaxcala, San Pedro Xalcatzinco, Tepeyanco, Tlaxcala C.P. 90180, Mexico
| | - Jorge García-Dávila
- Universidad Politécnica de Tlaxcala, San Pedro Xalcatzinco, Tepeyanco, Tlaxcala C.P. 90180, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Viniegra-González
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco N° 186, Col. Vicentina, C.P. 09340 Iztapalapa, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Carmen Sánchez
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Research Centre for Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Ixtacuixtla C.P. 90062, Tlaxcala, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chi J, Li Y, Gao J. Interaction between three marine microalgae and two phthalate acid esters. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 170:407-411. [PMID: 30550971 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Three marine microalgae were exposed to diethyl phthalate (DEP) and di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) to investigate interactions between the algae and the pollutants. The 96-h 50% effect concentration (EC50) and no observed effect concentration (NOEC) based on cell density or chlorophyll a were in the order of Chaetoceros muelleri >Cylindrotheca closterium > Dunaliella salina for DEP, and C. closterium > C. muelleri > D. salina for DBP, respectively. Besides, EC50 value for C. closterium based on cell density increased over time in general, exhibiting strong adaptive ability to the pollutants. When singly existed, DEP was degraded more quickly at environmental relevant concentration (0.1 mg L-1) than at concentration of ≥EC20; DBP was degraded more quickly by C. closterium than by C. muelleri and D. salina. C. closterium was the most effective species to degrade the pollutants. When they were coexisted, degradation was inhibited by each other at environmental relevant concentration, while bioconcentration percentages of the pollutants increased, indicating that DEP-DBP mixture would be more problematic to marine organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China.
| | - Ying Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Chemistry, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Jing Gao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sun C, Zhang G, Zheng H, Liu N, Shi M, Luo X, Chen L, Li F, Hu S. Fate of four phthalate esters with presence of Karenia brevis: Uptake and biodegradation. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 206:81-90. [PMID: 30468977 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phthalate esters (PAEs), one class of the most frequently detected endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in marine environment, have aroused wide public concerns because of their carcinogenicity, teratogenicity, and mutagenicity. However, the environmental fate of PAEs in the occurrence of harmful algal blooms remains unclear. In this research, four PAEs with different alkyl chains, i.e., dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), diallyl phthalate (DAP), and dipropyl phtalate (DPrP) were selected as models to investigate toxicity, uptake, and degradation of PAEs in seawater grown with K. brevis, one of the common harmful red tide species. The 96-h median effective concentration (96h-EC50) values followed the order of DMP (over 0.257 mmol L-1) > DEP (0.178 mmol L-1) > DAP (0.136 mmol L-1) > DPrP (0.095 mmol L-1), and the bio-concentration factors (BCFs) were positively correlated to the alkyl chain length. These results indicate that the toxicity of PAEs and their accumulation in K. brevis increased with increasing alkyl chains, due to the higher lipophicity of the longer chain PAEs. With growth of K. brevis for 96 h, the content of DMP, DEP, DAP, and DPrP decreased by 93.3%, 68.2%, 57.4% and 46.7%, respectively, mainly attributed to their biodegradation by K. brevis, accounting for 87.1%, 61%, 46%, 40% of their initial contents, respectively. It was noticed that abiotic degradation had little contribution to the total reduction of PAEs in the algal cultivation systems. Moreover, five metabolites were detected in the K. brevis when exposed to DEP including dimethyl phthalate (DMP), monoethyl phthalate (MEP), mono-methyl phthalate (MMP), phthalic acid (PA), and protocatechuic acid (PrA). While when exposed with to DPrP, one additional intermediate compound diethyl phthalate (DEP) was detected in the cells of K. brevis in addition to the five metabolites mentioned above. These results confirm that the main biodegradation pathways of DEP and DPrP by K. brevis included de-esterification, demethylation or transesterification. These findings will provide valuable evidences for predicting the environmental fate and assessing potential risk of PAEs in the occurrence of harmful algal blooms in marine environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cuizhu Sun
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
| | - Ning Liu
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Mei Shi
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Xianxiang Luo
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Lingyun Chen
- Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Fengmin Li
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
| | - Shugang Hu
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ke M, Ramesh B, Hang Y, Liu Z. Engineering and characterization of a novel low temperature active and thermo stable esterase from marine Enterobacter cloacae. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 118:304-310. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
|
16
|
Grześkowiak T, Czarczyńska-Goślińska B, Zgoła-Grześkowiak A. Biodegradation of Selected Endocrine Disrupting Compounds. METHODS IN PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7425-2_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
17
|
K D, M SP, Gautam P. Purification, immobilization and kinetic characterization of G-x-S-x-G esterase with short chain fatty acid specificity from Lysinibacillus fusiformis AU01. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
18
|
Biodegradation of Dimethyl Phthalate by Freshwater Unicellular Cyanobacteria. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:5178697. [PMID: 28078293 PMCID: PMC5204096 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5178697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The biodegradation characteristics of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) by three freshwater unicellular organisms were investigated in this study. The findings revealed that all the organisms were capable of metabolizing DMP; among them, Cyanothece sp. PCC7822 achieved the highest degradation efficiency. Lower concentration of DMP supported the growth of the Cyanobacteria; however, with the increase of DMP concentration growth of Cyanobacteria was inhibited remarkably. Phthalic acid (PA) was detected to be an intermediate degradation product of DMP and accumulated in the culture solution. The optimal initial pH value for the degradation was detected to be 9.0, which mitigated the decrease of pH resulting from the production of PA. The optimum temperature for DMP degradation of the three species of organisms is 30°C. After 72 hours' incubation, no more than 11.8% of the residual of DMP aggregated in Cyanobacteria cells while majority of DMP remained in the medium. Moreover, esterase was induced by DMP and the activity kept increasing during the degradation process. This suggested that esterase could assist in the degradation of DMP.
Collapse
|
19
|
Hong DK, Jang SH, Lee C. Gene cloning and characterization of a psychrophilic phthalate esterase with organic solvent tolerance from an Arctic bacterium Sphingomonas glacialis PAMC 26605. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
20
|
de Cazes M, Belleville MP, Petit E, Salomo M, Bayer S, Czaja R, De Gunzburg J, Sanchez-Marcano J. Erythromycin degradation by esterase (EreB) in enzymatic membrane reactors. Biochem Eng J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2016.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
21
|
Ren L, Jia Y, Ruth N, Qiao C, Wang J, Zhao B, Yan Y. Biodegradation of phthalic acid esters by a newly isolated Mycobacterium sp. YC-RL4 and the bioprocess with environmental samples. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:16609-16619. [PMID: 27178296 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6829-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial strain YC-RL4, capable of utilizing phthalic acid esters (PAEs) as the sole carbon source for growth, was isolated from petroleum-contaminated soil. Strain YC-RL4 was identified as Mycobacterium sp. by 16S rRNA gene analysis and Biolog tests. Mycobacterium sp. YC-RL4 could rapidly degrade dibutyl phthalate (DBP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dimethyl phthalate (DMP), dicyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP), and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) under both individual and mixed conditions, and all the degradation rates were above 85.0 % within 5 days. The effects of environmental factors which might affect the degrading process were optimized as 30 °C and pH 8.0. The DEHP metabolites were detected by HPLC-MS and the degradation pathway was deduced tentatively. DEHP was transformed into phthalic acid (PA) via mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) and PA was further utilized for growth via benzoic acid (BA) degradation pathway. Cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) assays illuminated that the strain YC-RL4 was of higher hydrophobicity while grown on DEHP and CSH increased with the higher DEHP concentration. The degradation rates of DEHP by strain YC-RL4 in different environmental samples was around 62.0 to 83.3 % and strain YC-RL4 survived well in the soil sample. These results suggested that the strain YC-RL4 could be used as a potential and efficient PAE degrader for the bioremediation of contaminated sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ren
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yang Jia
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Nahurira Ruth
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Cheng Qiao
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Junhuan Wang
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Baisuo Zhao
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yanchun Yan
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Benjamin S, Pradeep S, Josh MS, Kumar S, Masai E. A monograph on the remediation of hazardous phthalates. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 298:58-72. [PMID: 26004054 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates or phthalic acid esters are a group of xenobiotic and hazardous compounds blended in plastics to enhance their plasticity and versatility. Enormous quantities of phthalates are produced globally for the production of plastic goods, whose disposal and leaching out into the surroundings cause serious concerns to the environment, biota and human health. Though in silico computational, in vitro mechanistic, pre-clinical animal and clinical human studies showed endocrine disruption, hepatotoxic, teratogenic and carcinogenic properties, usage of phthalates continues due to their cuteness, attractive chemical properties, low production cost and lack of suitable alternatives. Studies revealed that microbes isolated from phthalate-contaminated environmental niches efficiently bioremediate various phthalates. Based upon this background, this review addresses the enumeration of major phthalates used in industry, routes of environmental contamination, evidences for health hazards, routes for in situ and ex situ microbial degradation, bacterial pathways involved in the degradation, major enzymes involved in the degradation process, half-lives of phthalates in environments, etc. Briefly, this handy module would enable the readers, environmentalists and policy makers to understand the impact of phthalates on the environment and the biota, coupled with the concerted microbial efforts to alleviate the burden of ever increasing load posed by phthalates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sailas Benjamin
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, Biotechnology Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, Kerala 673 635, India.
| | - Selvanesan Pradeep
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, Biotechnology Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, Kerala 673 635, India
| | - Moolakkariyil Sarath Josh
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, Biotechnology Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, Kerala 673 635, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Solid and Hazardous Waste Management Division, CSIR-NEERI Nehru Marg, Nagpur 440 020, India
| | - Eiji Masai
- Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2137, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Gao J, Chi J. Biodegradation of phthalate acid esters by different marine microalgal species. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 99:70-75. [PMID: 26231065 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradation of diethyl phthalate (DEP) and di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) by three marine algae was investigated. When they were coexistent, DBP was degraded more quickly than DEP. The first-order biodegradation rate constants of DBP in the algal solutions were in the order of Cylindrotheca closterium (0.0169 h(-1))>Dunaliella salina (0.0035 h(-1)) and Chaetoceros muelleri (0.0034 h(-1)). When singly existed, DEP was degraded more quickly than in a mixture with DBP, indicating that DBP had inhibitory effect on the biodegradation of DEP. Moreover, the degradation trends of DEP and DBP in both extra- and intracellular crude extracts were similar to those in algal solutions. At the end, DEP was largely in water phase, whereas DBP remained in both water phase and algal phase. It can be concluded that biodegradation of DEP was mainly by algal extracellular enzymes, and both extra- and intracellular enzymes played key roles in the degradation of DBP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Jie Chi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ding J, Wang C, Xie Z, Li J, Yang Y, Mu Y, Tang X, Xu B, Zhou J, Huang Z. Properties of a newly identified esterase from Bacillus sp. K91 and its novel function in diisobutyl phthalate degradation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119216. [PMID: 25746227 PMCID: PMC4352063 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The widely used plasticizer phthalate esters (PAEs) have become a public concern because of their effects on environmental contamination and toxicity on mammals. However, the biodegradation of PAEs, especially diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP), remains poorly understood. In particular, genes involved in the hydrolysis of these compounds were not conclusively identified. In this study, the CarEW gene, which encodes an enzyme that is capable of hydrolyzing ρ-nitrophenyl esters of fatty acids, was cloned from a thermophilic bacterium Bacillus sp. K91 and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 using the pEASY-E2 expression system. The enzyme showed a monomeric structure with a molecular mass of approximately 53.76 kDa and pI of 4.88. The enzyme exhibited maximal activity at pH 7.5 and 45 °C, with ρ-NP butyrate as the best substrate. The enzyme was fairly stable within the pH range from 7.0 to 8.5. High-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) were employed to detect the catabolic pathway of DiBP. Two intermediate products were identified, and a potential biodegradation pathway was proposed. Altogether, our findings present a novel DiBP degradation enzyme and indicate that the purified enzyme may be a promising candidate for DiBP detoxification and for environmental protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junmei Ding
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Chaofan Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhenrong Xie
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Junjun Li
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Yunjuan Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuelin Mu
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Xianghua Tang
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | | | - Zunxi Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Newly identified thermostable esterase from Sulfobacillus acidophilus: properties and performance in phthalate ester degradation. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 80:6870-8. [PMID: 25149523 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02072-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
EstS1, a newly identified thermostable esterase from Sulfobacillus acidophilus DSM10332, was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli and shown to enzymatically degrade phthalate esters (PAEs) to their corresponding monoalkyl PAEs. The optimal pH and temperature of the esterase were found to be 8.0 and 70°C, respectively. The half-life of EstS1 at 60°C was 15 h, indicating that the enzyme had good thermostability. The specificity constant (kcat/Km) of the enzyme for p-nitrophenyl butyrate was as high as 6,770 mM(-1) s(-1). The potential value of EstS1 was demonstrated by its ability to effectively hydrolyze 35 to 82% of PAEs (10 mM) within 2 min at 37°C, with all substrates being completely degraded within 24 h. At 60°C, the time required for complete hydrolysis of most PAEs was reduced by half. To our knowledge, this enzyme is a new esterase identified from thermophiles that is able to degrade various PAEs at high temperatures.
Collapse
|
26
|
Expression and characterization of a thermostable penicillin G acylase from an environmental metagenomic library. Biotechnol Lett 2013; 36:617-25. [PMID: 24338159 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-013-1403-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
One clone (ACPGA001) exhibiting penicillin G acylase (PGA) activity was screened from a metagenomic library by using a medium containing penicillin G. A novel PGA gene from the inserted fragment of ACPGA001 was obtained by sequencing. The amino acid sequence of ACPGA001 PGA exhibited <33 % similarity to PGAs retrieved from GenBank. This gene was expressed in Escherichia coli M15 and the recombinant protein was purified and characterized. The ACPGA001 PGA exhibited a maximum activity at 60 °C and showed high activity at pH 4-10 with an optimum pH of 8.0. This enzyme was stable at 40 °C for 70 min with a half-life of 60 min at 55 °C. These beneficial characteristics of ACPGA001 PGA provide some advantages for the potential application of ACPGA001 PGA in industry.
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhang S, Wu G, Liu Z, Shao Z, Liu Z. Characterization of EstB, a novel cold-active and organic solvent-tolerant esterase from marine microorganism Alcanivorax dieselolei B-5(T). Extremophiles 2013; 18:251-9. [PMID: 24318107 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-013-0612-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A novel esterase gene, estB, was cloned from the marine microorganism Alcanivorax dieselolei B-5(T) and overexpressed in E. coli DE3 (BL21). The expressed protein EstB with a predicted molecular weight of 45.1 kDa had a distinct catalytic triad (Ser(211)-Trp(353)-Gln(385)) and the classical consensus motif conserved in most lipases and esterases Gly(209)-X-Ser(211)-X-Gly(213). EstB showed very low similarity to any known proteins and displayed the highest similarity to the hypothetical protein (46%) from Rhodococcus jostii RHA1. EstB showed the optimal activity around pH 8.5 and 20 °C and was identified to be extremely cold-adaptative retaining more than 95% activity between 0 and 10 °C. The values of kinetic parameters on p-NP caproate (K m, K cat and K cat/K m) were 0.15 mM, 0.54 × 10(3) s(-1) and 3.6 × 10(3) s(-1) mM(-1), respectively. In addition, EstB showed remarkable stability in several studied organic solvents and detergents of high concentrations with the retention of more than 70% activity after treatment for 30 min. The cold activity and its tolerance towards organic solvents made it a promising biocatalyst for industrial applications under extreme conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Mohamed YM, Ghazy MA, Sayed A, Ouf A, El-Dorry H, Siam R. Isolation and characterization of a heavy metal-resistant, thermophilic esterase from a Red Sea brine pool. Sci Rep 2013; 3:3358. [PMID: 24285146 PMCID: PMC6506439 DOI: 10.1038/srep03358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The Red Sea Atlantis II brine pool is an extreme environment that displays multiple harsh conditions such as high temperature, high salinity and high concentrations of multiple, toxic heavy metals. The survival of microbes in such an environment by utilizing resistant enzymes makes them an excellent source of extremophilic enzymes. We constructed a fosmid metagenomic library using DNA isolated from the deepest and most secluded layer of this pool. We report the isolation and biochemical characterization of an unusual esterase: EstATII. EstATII is thermophilic (optimum temperature, 65°C), halotolerant (maintains its activity in up to 4.5 M NaCl) and maintains at least 60% of its activity in the presence of a wide spectrum of heavy metals. The combination of biochemical characteristics of the Red Sea Atlantis II brine pool esterase, i.e., halotolerance, thermophilicity and resistance to heavy metals, makes it a potentially useful biocatalyst.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine M Mohamed
- 1] Biology Department, American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt [2] YJ-The Science and Technology Research Center, American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Li M, Neoh KG, Wang R, Zong BY, Tan JY, Kang ET. Methotrexate-conjugated and hyperbranched polyglycerol-grafted Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles for targeted anticancer effects. Eur J Pharm Sci 2013; 48:111-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2012.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2012] [Revised: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|