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Wu S, Nan F, Jiang J, Qiu J, Zhang Y, Qiao B, Li S, Xin Z. Molecular cloning, expression and characterization of a novel feruloyl esterase from a soil metagenomic library with phthalate-degrading activity. Biotechnol Lett 2019; 41:995-1006. [PMID: 31102076 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-019-02693-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To discover novel feruloyl esterases (FAEs) by the function-driven screening procedure from soil metagenome. RESULTS A novel FAE gene bds4 was isolated from a soil metagenomic library and over-expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant enzyme BDS4 was purified to homogeneity with a predicted molecular weight of 38.8 kDa. BDS4 exhibited strong activity (57.05 U/mg) toward methyl ferulate under the optimum pH and temperature of 8.0 and 37°C. Based on its amino acid sequence and model substrates specificity, BDS4 was classified as a type-C FAE. The quantity of the releasing ferulic acid can be enhanced significantly in the presence of xylanase compared with BDS4 alone from de-starched wheat bran. In addition, BDS4 can also hydrolyze several phthalates such as diethyl phthalate, dimethyl phthalate and dibutyl phthalate. CONCLUSION The current investigation discovered a novel FAE with phthalate-degrading activity and highlighted the usefulness of metagenomic approaches as a powerful tool for discovery of novel FAEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Nan
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Junwei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiarong Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Beibei Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihong Xin
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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R.K. G, Krishnamurthy M, Neelamegam R, Shyu DJ, Muthukalingan K, Nagarajan K. Purification, structural characterization and biotechnological potential of tannase enzyme produced by Enterobacter cloacae strain 41. Process Biochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Mäkelä MR, Dilokpimol A, Koskela SM, Kuuskeri J, de Vries RP, Hildén K. Characterization of a feruloyl esterase from Aspergillus terreus facilitates the division of fungal enzymes from Carbohydrate Esterase family 1 of the carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZy) database. Microb Biotechnol 2018; 11:869-880. [PMID: 29697197 PMCID: PMC6116738 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Feruloyl esterases (FAEs) are accessory enzymes for plant biomass degradation, which catalyse hydrolysis of carboxylic ester linkages between hydroxycinnamic acids and plant cell‐wall carbohydrates. They are a diverse group of enzymes evolved from, e.g. acetyl xylan esterases (AXEs), lipases and tannases, thus complicating their classification and prediction of function by sequence similarity. Recently, an increasing number of fungal FAEs have been biochemically characterized, owing to their potential in various biotechnological applications and multitude of candidate FAEs in fungal genomes. However, only part of the fungal FAEs are included in Carbohydrate Esterase family 1 (CE1) of the carbohydrate‐active enzymes (CAZy) database. In this work, we performed a phylogenetic analysis that divided the fungal members of CE1 into five subfamilies of which three contained characterized enzymes with conserved activities. Conservation within one of the subfamilies was confirmed by characterization of an additional CE1 enzyme from Aspergillus terreus. Recombinant A. terreus FaeD (AtFaeD) showed broad specificity towards synthetic methyl and ethyl esters, and released ferulic acid from plant biomass substrates, demonstrating its true FAE activity and interesting features as potential biocatalyst. The subfamily division of the fungal CE1 members enables more efficient selection of candidate enzymes for biotechnological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miia R Mäkelä
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Adiphol Dilokpimol
- Fungal Physiology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute & Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Salla M Koskela
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Kuuskeri
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ronald P de Vries
- Fungal Physiology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute & Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kristiina Hildén
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, Helsinki, Finland
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Fungal feruloyl esterases: Functional validation of genome mining based enzyme discovery including uncharacterized subfamilies. N Biotechnol 2018; 41:9-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Biochemical characteristics of three feruloyl esterases with a broad substrate spectrum from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens H47. Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Nieter A, Kelle S, Linke D, Berger RG. Feruloyl esterases from Schizophyllum commune to treat food industry side-streams. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 220:38-46. [PMID: 27566510 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Agro-industrial side-streams are abundant and renewable resources of hydroxycinnamic acids with potential applications as antioxidants and preservatives in the food, health, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Feruloyl esterases (FAEs) from Schizophyllum commune were functionally expressed in Pichia pastoris with extracellular activities of 6000UL(-1). The recombinant enzymes, ScFaeD1 and ScFaeD2, released ferulic acid from destarched wheat bran and sugar beet pectin. Overnight incubation of coffee pulp released caffeic (>60%), ferulic (>80%) and p-coumaric acid (100%) indicating applicability for the valorization of food processing wastes and enhanced biomass degradation. Based on substrate specificity profiling and the release of diferulates from destarched wheat bran, the recombinant FAEs were characterized as type D FAEs. ScFaeD1 and ScFaeD2 preferably hydrolyzed feruloylated saccharides with ferulic acid esterified to the O-5 position of arabinose residues and showed an unprecedented ability to hydrolyze benzoic acid esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabel Nieter
- Institut für Lebensmittelchemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 5, 30167 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Kelle
- Institut für Lebensmittelchemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 5, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Diana Linke
- Institut für Lebensmittelchemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 5, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ralf G Berger
- Institut für Lebensmittelchemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 5, 30167 Hannover, Germany
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Dilokpimol A, Mäkelä MR, Aguilar-Pontes MV, Benoit-Gelber I, Hildén KS, de Vries RP. Diversity of fungal feruloyl esterases: updated phylogenetic classification, properties, and industrial applications. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2016; 9:231. [PMID: 27795736 PMCID: PMC5084320 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-016-0651-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Feruloyl esterases (FAEs) represent a diverse group of carboxyl esterases that specifically catalyze the hydrolysis of ester bonds between ferulic (hydroxycinnamic) acid and plant cell wall polysaccharides. Therefore, FAEs act as accessory enzymes to assist xylanolytic and pectinolytic enzymes in gaining access to their site of action during biomass conversion. Their ability to release ferulic acid and other hydroxycinnamic acids from plant biomass makes FAEs potential biocatalysts in a wide variety of applications such as in biofuel, food and feed, pulp and paper, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. This review provides an updated overview of the knowledge on fungal FAEs, in particular describing their role in plant biomass degradation, diversity of their biochemical properties and substrate specificities, their regulation and conditions needed for their induction. Furthermore, the discovery of new FAEs using genome mining and phylogenetic analysis of current publicly accessible fungal genomes will also be presented. This has led to a new subfamily classification of fungal FAEs that takes into account both phylogeny and substrate specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adiphol Dilokpimol
- Fungal Physiology, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre & Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Miia R. Mäkelä
- Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria Victoria Aguilar-Pontes
- Fungal Physiology, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre & Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Isabelle Benoit-Gelber
- Fungal Physiology, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre & Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kristiina S. Hildén
- Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ronald P. de Vries
- Fungal Physiology, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre & Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Kelle S, Nieter A, Krings U, Zelena K, Linke D, Berger RG. Heterologous production of a feruloyl esterase from Pleurotus sapidus synthesizing feruloyl-saccharide esters. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2015; 63:852-862. [PMID: 26272349 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The feruloyl esterase (FAE) gene EST1 from the basidiomycete Pleurotus sapidus was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli and Pichia pastoris. Catalytically active recombinant Est1 was secreted using P. pastoris as a host. For expression in P. pastoris, the expression vector pPIC9K was applied. The EST1 gene was cloned with an N-terminal α-mating factor pre-pro sequence and expressed under the control of a methanol inducible alcohol oxidase 1 promotor. Est1 was purified to homogeneity using ion exchange and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. The recombinant Est1 showed optima at pH 5.0 and 50 °C, and released ferulic acid from saccharide esters and from the natural substrate destarched wheat bran. Substrate specificity profile and descriptor-based analysis demonstrated unique properties, showing that Est1 did not fit into the current FAE classification model. Transferuloylation synthesis of feruloyl-saccharide esters was proven for mono- and disaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Kelle
- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Food Chemistry, Hannover, Germany
| | - Annabel Nieter
- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Food Chemistry, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich Krings
- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Food Chemistry, Hannover, Germany
| | - Katerina Zelena
- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Food Chemistry, Hannover, Germany
| | - Diana Linke
- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Food Chemistry, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ralf G Berger
- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Food Chemistry, Hannover, Germany
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Rytioja J, Hildén K, Yuzon J, Hatakka A, de Vries RP, Mäkelä MR. Plant-polysaccharide-degrading enzymes from Basidiomycetes. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2014; 78:614-49. [PMID: 25428937 PMCID: PMC4248655 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00035-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Basidiomycete fungi subsist on various types of plant material in diverse environments, from living and dead trees and forest litter to crops and grasses and to decaying plant matter in soils. Due to the variation in their natural carbon sources, basidiomycetes have highly varied plant-polysaccharide-degrading capabilities. This topic is not as well studied for basidiomycetes as for ascomycete fungi, which are the main sources of knowledge on fungal plant polysaccharide degradation. Research on plant-biomass-decaying fungi has focused on isolating enzymes for current and future applications, such as for the production of fuels, the food industry, and waste treatment. More recently, genomic studies of basidiomycete fungi have provided a profound view of the plant-biomass-degrading potential of wood-rotting, litter-decomposing, plant-pathogenic, and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) basidiomycetes. This review summarizes the current knowledge on plant polysaccharide depolymerization by basidiomycete species from diverse habitats. In addition, these data are compared to those for the most broadly studied ascomycete genus, Aspergillus, to provide insight into specific features of basidiomycetes with respect to plant polysaccharide degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Rytioja
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristiina Hildén
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jennifer Yuzon
- Fungal Physiology, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Annele Hatakka
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ronald P de Vries
- Fungal Physiology, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Miia R Mäkelä
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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