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Semba H, Horiguchi HK, Tsuboi H, Ishikawa K, Koda A. Effects of heterologous expression and N-glycosylation on the hyperthermostable endoglucanase of Pyrococcus furiosus. J Biosci Bioeng 2024; 137:329-334. [PMID: 38461105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2024.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Hyperthermostable endoglucanases of glycoside hydrolase family 12 from the archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus (EGPf) catalyze the hydrolysis of β-1,4-glucosidic linkages in cellulose and β-glucan structures that contain β-1,3- and β-1,4-mixed linkages. In this study, EGPf was heterologously expressed with Aspergillus niger and the recombinant enzyme was characterized. The successful expression of EGPf resulted as N-glycosylated protein in its secretion into the culture medium. The glycosylation of the recombinant EGPf positively impacted the kinetic characterization of EGPf, thereby enhancing its catalytic efficiency. Moreover, glycosylation significantly boosted the thermostability of EGPf, allowing it to retain over 80% of its activity even after exposure to 100 °C for 5 h, with the optimal temperature being above 120 °C. Glycosylation did not affect the pH stability or salt tolerance of EGPf, although the glycosylated compound exhibited a high tolerance to ionic liquids. EGPf displayed the highest specific activity in the presence of 20% (v/v) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim]Cl), reaching approximately 2.4 times greater activity than that in the absence of [Bmim]Cl. The specific activity was comparable to that without the ionic liquid even in the presence of 40% (v/v) [Bmim]Cl. Glycosylated EGPf has potential as an enzyme for saccharifying cellulose under high-temperature conditions or with ionic liquid treatment due to its exceptional thermostability and ionic liquid tolerance. These results underscore the potential of N-glycosylation as an effective strategy to further enhance both the thermostability of highly thermostable archaeal enzymes and the hydrolysis of barley cellulose in the presence of [Bmim]Cl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Semba
- General Research Laboratory, Ozeki Corporation, 4-9 Imazu Dezaike-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8227, Japan.
| | - Haruka Kado Horiguchi
- General Research Laboratory, Ozeki Corporation, 4-9 Imazu Dezaike-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8227, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tsuboi
- General Research Laboratory, Ozeki Corporation, 4-9 Imazu Dezaike-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8227, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ishikawa
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan; Rare Sugar and Enzyme Research, Dep. I, R&D, Matsutani Chemical Industry Co. Ltd., 5-3 Kitaitami, Itami, Hyogo 664-8508, Japan
| | - Akio Koda
- General Research Laboratory, Ozeki Corporation, 4-9 Imazu Dezaike-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8227, Japan
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Ben Hmad I, Gargouri A. Halophilic filamentous fungi and their enzymes: Potential biotechnological applications. J Biotechnol 2024; 381:11-18. [PMID: 38159888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2023.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Recently, interest in the study of microorganisms growing under extreme conditions, particularly halophiles, has increased due to their potential use in industrial processes. Halophiles are the class of microorganisms that grow optimally at high NaCl concentrations and are capable of producing halophilic enzymes capable of catalyzing reactions under harsh conditions. So far, fungi are the least studied halophilic microorganisms, even though they have been shown to counteract these extreme conditions by producing secondary metabolites with very interesting properties. This review highlights mechanisms that allow halophilic fungi to adapt high salinity and the specificity of their enzymes to a spectrum of action in industrial and environmental applications. The peculiarities of these enzymes justify the urgent need to apply green alternative compounds in industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Ben Hmad
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Eukaryotes, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, B.P "1177", Sfax 3018, Tunisia.
| | - Ali Gargouri
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Eukaryotes, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, B.P "1177", Sfax 3018, Tunisia
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3
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Wang Q, Chang L, Wang W, Hu Y, Yue J, Wang Z, Liang C, Qi W. Simultaneous saccharification of hemicellulose and cellulose of corncob in a one-pot system using catalysis of carbon based solid acid from lignosulfonate. RSC Adv 2023; 13:28542-28549. [PMID: 37780742 PMCID: PMC10534078 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05283d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The drive towards sustainable chemistry has inspired the development of active solid acids as catalysts and ionic liquids as solvents for an efficient release of sugars from lignocellulosic biomass for future biorefinery practices. Carbon-based solid acid (SI-C-S-H2O2) prepared from sodium lignosulfonate, a waste of the paper industry, was used with water or ionic liquid to hydrolyze corncob in this study. The effects of various reaction parameters were investigated in different solvent systems. The highest xylose yield of 83.4% and hemicellulose removal rate of 90.6% were obtained in an aqueous system at 130 °C for 14 h. After the pretreatment, cellulase was used for the hydrolysis of residue and the enzymatic digestibility of 92.6% was obtained. Following these two hydrolysis steps in the aqueous systems, the highest yield of total reducing sugar (TRS) was obtained at 88.1%. Further, one-step depolymerization and saccharification of corncob hemicellulose and cellulose to reducing sugars in an IL-water system catalyzed by SI-C-S-H2O2 was conducted at 130 °C for 10 h, with a high TRS yield of 75.1% obtained directly. After recycling five times, the solid acid catalyst still showed a high catalytic activity for sugar yield in different systems, providing a green and effective method for lignocellulose degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development Guangzhou Guangdong Province 510640 China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou 99 Zheda Road Quzhou Zhejiang Province 324000 China
| | - Longjun Chang
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou 99 Zheda Road Quzhou Zhejiang Province 324000 China
| | - Wen Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development Guangzhou Guangdong Province 510640 China
| | - Yunzi Hu
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development Guangzhou Guangdong Province 510640 China
| | - Jun Yue
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Engineering and Technology Institute of Groningen, University of Groningen 9747 AG Groningen The Netherland
| | - Zhongming Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development Guangzhou Guangdong Province 510640 China
| | - Cuiyi Liang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development Guangzhou Guangdong Province 510640 China
| | - Wei Qi
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development Guangzhou Guangdong Province 510640 China
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Abdeljalil S, Borgi I, Ben Hmad I, Frikha F, Verlaine O, Kerouaz B, Kchaou N, Ladjama A, Gargouri A. Large-scale analysis of the genome of the rare alkaline-halophilic Stachybotrys microspora reveals 46 cellulase genes. FEBS Open Bio 2023; 13:670-683. [PMID: 36748288 PMCID: PMC10068326 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi are of great importance in biotechnology, for example in the production of enzymes and metabolites. The main goal of this study was to obtain a high-coverage draft of the Stachybotrys microspora genome and to annotate and analyze the genome sequence data. The rare fungus S. microspora N1 strain is distinguished by its ability to grow in an alkaline halophilic environment and to efficiently secrete cellulolytic enzymes. Here we report the draft genome sequence composed of 3715 contigs, a genome size of 35 343 854 bp, with a GC content of 53.31% and a coverage around 20.5×. The identification of cellulolytic genes and of their corresponding functions was carried out through analysis and annotation of the whole genome sequence. Forty-six cellulases were identified using the fungicompanion bioinformatic tool. Interestingly, an S. microspora endoglucanase selected from those with a low isoelectric point was predicted to have a halophilic profile and share significant homology with a well-known bacterial halophilic cellulase. These results confirm previous biochemical studies revealing a halophilic character, which is a very rare feature among fungal cellulases. All these properties suggest that cellulases of S. microspora may have potential for use in the biofuel, textile, and detergent industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Abdeljalil
- Molecular Biotechnology of Eukaryotes Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ines Borgi
- Molecular Biotechnology of Eukaryotes Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ines Ben Hmad
- Molecular Biotechnology of Eukaryotes Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fakher Frikha
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Olivier Verlaine
- Bacterial Physiology and Genetic Institute, Centre for Protein Engineering, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Bilal Kerouaz
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Badji Mokhtar Annaba, Algeria
| | - Nesrine Kchaou
- Analytical Services Unit at the Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ali Ladjama
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Badji Mokhtar Annaba, Algeria
| | - Ali Gargouri
- Molecular Biotechnology of Eukaryotes Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
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Enhanced activity of hyperthermostable Pyrococcus horikoshii endoglucanase in superbase ionic liquids. Biotechnol Lett 2022; 44:961-974. [PMID: 35763164 PMCID: PMC9356960 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-022-03268-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Ionic liquids (ILs) that dissolve biomass are harmful to the enzymes that degrade lignocellulose. Enzyme hyperthermostability promotes a tolerance to ILs. Therefore, the limits of hyperthemophilic Pyrococcus horikoschii endoglucanase (PhEG) to tolerate 11 superbase ILs were explored. Results PhEG was found to be most tolerant to 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([EMIM]OAc) in soluble 1% carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and insoluble 1% Avicel substrates. At 35% concentration, this IL caused an increase in enzyme activity (up to 1.5-fold) with CMC. Several ILs were more enzyme inhibiting with insoluble Avicel than with soluble CMC. Km increased greatly in the presence ILs, indicating significant competitive inhibition. Increased hydrophobicity of the IL cation or anion was associated with the strongest enzyme inhibition and activation. Surprisingly, PhEG activity was increased 2.0–2.5-fold by several ILs in 4% substrate. Cations exerted the main role in competitive inhibition of the enzyme as revealed by their greater binding energy to the active site. Conclusions These results reveal new ways to design a beneficial combination of ILs and enzymes for the hydrolysis of lignocellulose, and the strong potential of PhEG in industrial, high substrate concentrations in aqueous IL solutions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10529-022-03268-5.
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Cai LN, Xu SN, Lu T, Lin DQ, Yao SJ. Salt-tolerant and thermostable mechanisms of an endoglucanase from marine Aspergillus niger. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2022; 9:44. [PMID: 38647856 PMCID: PMC10991132 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-022-00533-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellulase cocktail of marine Aspergillus niger exhibited salt-tolerant and thermostable properties, which is of great potential in industrial application. In order to excavate the single tolerant cellulase components from complex cellulase cocktail, constitutive homologous expression was employed for direct obtainment of the endoglucanase (AnEGL). Enzymatic property study revealed that AnEGL exhibited a property of salt tolerance and a strong thermostability in high salinity environment. Significantly, its activity increased to 129% and the half-life at 65 °C increased to 27.7-fold with the presence of 4.5 M NaCl. Molecular dynamics simulation revealed that Na+ and Cl- could form salt bridges with charged residues, and then influenced the activity of loops and the stability of substrate binding pocket, which accounted for the salt tolerance and thermostability. Further, site-specific mutagenesis study proved that the residues Asp95 and Asp99 in the pocket were of great concern for the tolerant properties. The salt-tolerant and thermostable AnEGL was of great value in lignocellulosic utilization and the conjectural mechanisms were of referential significance for other tolerant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Nian Cai
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Sheng-Nan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Tao Lu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Dong-Qiang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Shan-Jing Yao
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
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Zafar A, Aftab MN, Asif A, Karadag A, Peng L, Celebioglu HU, Afzal MS, Hamid A, Iqbal I. Efficient biomass saccharification using a novel cellobiohydrolase from Clostridium clariflavum for utilization in biofuel industry. RSC Adv 2021; 11:9246-9261. [PMID: 35423428 PMCID: PMC8695235 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00545f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study describes the cloning of the cellobiohydrolase gene from a thermophilic bacterium Clostridium clariflavum and its expression in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) utilizing the expression vector pET-21a(+). The optimization of various parameters (pH, temperature, isopropyl β-d-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) concentration, time of induction) was carried out to obtain the maximum enzyme activity (2.78 ± 0.145 U ml−1) of recombinant enzyme. The maximum expression of recombinant cellobiohydrolase was obtained at pH 6.0 and 70 °C respectively. Enzyme purification was performed by heat treatment and immobilized metal anionic chromatography. The specific activity of the purified enzyme was 57.4 U mg−1 with 35.17% recovery and 3.90 purification fold. Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) showed that the molecular weight of cellobiohydrolase was 78 kDa. Among metal ions, Ca2+ showed a positive impact on the cellobiohydrolase enzyme with increased activity by 115%. Recombinant purified cellobiohydrolase enzyme remained stable and exhibited 77% and 63% residual activity in comparison to control in the presence of n-butanol and after incubation at 80 °C for 1 h, respectively. Our results indicate that our purified recombinant cellobiohydrolase can be used in the biofuel industry. Successful expression of a novel cellobiohydrolase enzyme from Clostridium clariflavum with efficient saccharification potential of plant biomass for the biofuel industry.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Zafar
- Faculty of Life Sciences
- University of Central Punjab
- Lahore
- Pakistan
| | | | - Anam Asif
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology
- GC University
- Lahore
- Pakistan
| | - Ahmet Karadag
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences
- Yozgat Bozok University
- Yozgat
- Turkey
| | - Liangcai Peng
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Center
- Huazhong Agriculture University
- Wuhan
- China
| | | | - Muhammad Sohail Afzal
- Department of Life Sciences
- School of Science
- University of Management and Technology (UMT)
- Lahore
- Pakistan
| | - Attia Hamid
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology
- GC University
- Lahore
- Pakistan
| | - Irfana Iqbal
- Department of Zoology
- Lahore College for Women University
- Lahore
- Pakistan
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Zhao B, Al Rasheed H, Ali I, Hu S. Efficient enzymatic saccharification of alkaline and ionic liquid-pretreated bamboo by highly active extremozymes produced by the co-culture of two halophilic fungi. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 319:124115. [PMID: 32949831 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we studied two strains of halophilic fungi (Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus penicillioides) as potential potent sources of hydrolases under solid-state fermentation conditions. We found that the co-culture of these two fungal species was associated with maximal CMCase, FPase, xylanase, and β-xylosidase activity under optimized fermentation conditions. These enzymes functioned optimally at pH values from 9.0 to 10.0, at temperatures from 50 °C to 60 °C, and in the presence of 15-20% NaCl. These enzymes were also stable in metal salt solutions and the presence of ionic liquids. Reducing sugar yields following the cellulase-hemicellulase co-treatment of untreated, alkaline-pretreated, and ionic liquid-pretreated bamboo were higher than those associated with separate cellulase and hemicellulase treatments, thus confirming the synergistic activity of cellulase-hemicellulase co-treatment in the context of bamboo saccharification. These results indicate that these two fungi are promising hydrolase producers that can facilitate the bioconversion of bamboo biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Bamboo Research Institute, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Haroon Al Rasheed
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Bamboo Research Institute, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Imran Ali
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Bamboo Research Institute, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China; Institute of Biochemistry, University of Balochistan, Quetta 87300, Pakistan
| | - Shanglian Hu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Bamboo Research Institute, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China.
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9
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Halophilic Fungal Communities: Current Research and Future Challenges. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-60659-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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10
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Ionic liquid-tolerant cellulase system of Stachybotrys microspora exploited in the in situ saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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11
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Engineering of a highly thermostable endoglucanase from the GH7 family of Bipolaris sorokiniana for higher catalytic efficiency. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:3935-3945. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10515-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Boggione MJ, Allasia MB, Aguilar CN, Farruggia B. Valorization of corn cob for the obtention and purification of endoglucanase produced by SSF. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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13
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Sharma V, Nargotra P, Bajaj BK. Ultrasound and surfactant assisted ionic liquid pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse for enhancing saccharification using enzymes from an ionic liquid tolerant Aspergillus assiutensis VS34. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 285:121319. [PMID: 30981012 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquid (IL) pretreatment represents an effective strategy for effective fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass (LB) to fermentable sugars in a biorefinery. Optimization of combinatorial pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) with IL (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [Bmim]Cl) and surfactant (PEG-8000) resulted in enhanced sugar yield (16.5%) upon enzymatic saccharification. The saccharification enzymes (cellulase and xylanase) used in the current study were in-house produced from a novel IL-tolerant fungal strain Aspergillus assiutensis VS34, isolated from chemically polluted soil, which produced adequately IL-stable enzymes. This is the first ever report of IL-stable cellulase/xylanase enzyme from Aspergillus assiutensis. To get the mechanistic insights of combinatorial pretreatment physicochemical analysis of variously pretreated biomass was executed using SEM, FT-IR, XRD, and 1H NMR studies. The combined action of IL, surfactant and ultrasound had very severe and distinct effects on the ultrastructure of biomass that subsequently resulted in enhanced accessibility of saccharification enzymes to biomass, and increased sugar yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Sharma
- School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, India
| | - Parushi Nargotra
- School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, India
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14
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Silva TP, de Albuquerque FS, Dos Santos CWV, Franco M, Caetano LC, Pereira HJV. Production, purification, characterization and application of a new halotolerant and thermostable endoglucanase of Botrytis ricini URM 5627. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 270:263-269. [PMID: 30223157 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A halotolerant endoglucanase with a molecular mass of 39 kDa was obtained from the solid fermentation of sugarcane bagasse by the fungus Botrytis ricini URM 5627 and isolated using only two purification processes: fractionation with ammonium sulphate and size-exclusion chromatography resulting in an activity of 1289.83 U/mL. After the isolation, biochemical characterizations were performed, giving a temperature of 50 °C and optimum pH of 5. The enzyme was stable at 39-60 °C for 60 min and at a pH of 4-6. The enzymatic activity increased in the presence of Na+, Mn2+, Mg2+ and Zn2+ and decreased in the presence of Ca2+, Cu2+, and Fe2+. The endoglucanase revealed a halotolerant profile since its activity increased proportionally to an increase in NaCl concentration. The maximum activity was reached at 2 M NaCl with a 75% increase in activity. The enzyme had a Km of 0.1299 ± 0.0096 mg/mL and a Vmax of 0.097 ± 0.00121 mol/min/mL. During application in saccharification tests, the enzyme was able to hydrolyse sugarcane bagasse, rice husk, and wheat bran, with the highest production of reducers/fermentable sugars within 24 h of saccharification for wheat bran (137.21 mg/g). Therefore, these properties combined make this isolated enzyme a potential candidate for biotechnological and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatielle P Silva
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, A. C. Simões Campus, (UFAL), 57072-900 Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Fabiana S de Albuquerque
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, A. C. Simões Campus, (UFAL), 57072-900 Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Willian V Dos Santos
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, A. C. Simões Campus, (UFAL), 57072-900 Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Franco
- Department of Exact Sciences and Technology, State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), 45654-370 Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos Caetano
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, A. C. Simões Campus, (UFAL), 57072-900 Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Hugo Juarez Vieira Pereira
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, A. C. Simões Campus, (UFAL), 57072-900 Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil.
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15
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Xue D, Zeng X, Gong C, Lin D, Yao S. A cold adapt and ethanol tolerant endoglucanase from a marine Bacillus subtilis. Chin J Chem Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Jain KK, Kumar S, Bhardwaj KN, Kuhad RC. Functional Expression of a Thermostable Endoglucanase from Thermoascus aurantiacus RCKK in Pichia pastoris X-33 and Its Characterization. Mol Biotechnol 2018; 60:736-748. [PMID: 30076532 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-018-0106-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Thermostable cellulases offer several advantages like higher rates of substrate hydrolysis, lowered risk of contamination, and increased flexibility with respect to process design. In the present study, a thermostable native endoglucanase nEG (EC 3.2.1.4) was purified and characterized from T. aurantiacus RCKK. Further, it was cloned in P. pastoris X-33 and processed for over expression. Expression of recombinant endoglucanase (rEG) of molecular size ~ 33 kDa was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and western blotting followed by in gel activity determination by zymogram analysis. Similar to nEG, the purified rEG was characterized to harbor high thermostability while retaining 50% of its initial activity even after 6- and 10-h incubation at 80 and 70 °C, respectively, and exhibited considerable stability in pH range 3.0-7.0. CD spectroscopy revealed more than 20% β-sheets in protein structure consistently when incubated upto 85 °C as a speculated reason for protein high thermostability. Interestingly, both nEG and rEG were found tolerant up to 10% of the presence of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate [C2mim][OAc]. Values of the catalytic constants Km and Vmax for rEG were recorded as 2.5 mg/ml and 303.4 µmol/mg/min, respectively. Thermostability, pH stability, and resistance to the presence of ionic liquid signify the potential applicability of present enzyme in cellulose hydrolysis and enzymatic deinking of recycled paper pulp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavish Kumar Jain
- Lignocellulose Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India.,Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Lignocellulose Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Kailash N Bhardwaj
- Lignocellulose Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India.,Uttarakhan State Council of Science and Technology [UCOST], Vigyan Dham, Post Office- Jhajra, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
| | - Ramesh Chander Kuhad
- Lignocellulose Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India. .,Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali Village, Mahendergarh District, Haryana, 123029, India.
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Ethanol tolerant endoglucanase from Aspergillus niger isolated from wine fermentation cellar. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Ben Hmad I, Gargouri A. Two Distinct Hydrolysis Mechanisms of the Neutral Endoglucanases EG1 and EG2 of Stachybotrys microspora. Catal Letters 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-018-2410-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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19
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Increasing of activity and thermostability of cold active butanol-tolerant endoglucanase from a marine Rhodococcus sp. under high concentrations of butanol condition. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:265. [DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1249-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Meleiro LP, Carli S, Fonseca-Maldonado R, da Silva Torricillas M, Zimbardi ALRL, Ward RJ, Jorge JA, Furriel RPM. Overexpression of a Cellobiose-Glucose-Halotolerant Endoglucanase from Scytalidium thermophilum. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 185:316-333. [PMID: 29150773 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2660-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme reaction products and by-products from pretreatment steps can inhibit endoglucanases and are major factors limiting the efficiency of enzymatic lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysis. The gene encoding the endoglucanase from Scytalidium thermophilum (egst) was cloned and expressed as a soluble protein in Pichia pastoris GS115. The recombinant enzyme (Egst) was monomeric (66 kDa) and showed an estimated carbohydrate content of 53.3% (w/w). The optimum temperature and pH of catalysis were 60-70 °C and pH of 5.5, respectively. The enzyme was highly stable at pH 3.0-8.0 with a half-life in water of 100 min at 65 °C. The Egst presented good halotolerance, retaining 84.1 and 71.4% of the control activity in the presence of 0.5 and 2.0 mol L-1 NaCl, respectively. Hydrolysis of medium viscosity carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) by Egst was stimulated 1.77-, 1.84-, 1.64-, and 1.8-fold by dithiothreitol, β-mercaptoethanol, cysteine, and manganese at 10, 10, 10, and 5 mmol L-1 concentration, respectively. The enzyme hydrolyzed CMC with maximal velocity and an apparent affinity constant of 432.10 ± 16.76 and 10.5 ± 2.53 mg mL-1, respectively. Furthermore, the Egst was tolerant to reaction products and able to act on pretreated fractions sugarcane bagasse demonstrating excellent properties for application in the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Parras Meleiro
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Sibeli Carli
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marcela da Silva Torricillas
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Lucia Ribeiro Latorre Zimbardi
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Richard John Ward
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Atílio Jorge
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosa Prazeres Melo Furriel
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Aich S, Singh RK, Kundu P, Pandey SP, Datta S. Genome-wide characterization of cellulases from the hemi-biotrophic plant pathogen, Bipolaris sorokiniana, reveals the presence of a highly stable GH7 endoglucanase. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2017; 10:135. [PMID: 28559926 PMCID: PMC5445349 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0822-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolaris sorokiniana is a filamentous fungus that causes spot blotch disease in cereals like wheat and has severe economic consequences. However, information on the identities and role of the cell wall-degrading enzymes (CWDE) in B. sorokiniana is very limited. Several fungi produce CWDE like glycosyl hydrolases (GHs) that help in host cell invasion. To understand the role of these CWDE in B. sorokiniana, the first step is to identify and annotate all possible genes of the GH families like GH3, GH6, GH7, GH45 and AA9 and then characterize them biochemically. RESULTS We confirmed and annotated the homologs of GH3, GH6, GH7, GH45 and AA9 enzymes in the B. sorokiniana genome using the sequence and domain features of these families. Quantitative real-time PCR analyses of these homologs revealed that the transcripts of the BsGH7-3 (3rd homolog of the GH 7 family in B. sorokiniana) were most abundant. BsGH7-3, the gene of BsGH7-3, was thus cloned into pPICZαC Pichia pastoris vector and expressed in X33 P. pastoris host to be characterized. BsGH7-3 enzyme showed a temperature optimum of 60 °C and a pHopt of 8.1. BsGH7-3 was identified to be an endoglucanase based on its broad substrate specificity and structural comparisons with other such endoglucanases. BsGH7-3 has a very long half-life and retains 100% activity even in the presence of 4 M NaCl, 4 M KCl and 20% (v/v) ionic liquids. The enzyme activity is stimulated up to fivefold in the presence of Mn+2 and Fe+2 without any deleterious effects on enzyme thermostability. CONCLUSIONS Here we reanalysed the B. sorokiniana genome and selected one GH7 enzyme for further characterization. The present work demonstrates that BsGH7-3 is an endoglucanase with a long half-life and no loss in activity in the presence of denaturants like salt and ionic liquids, and lays the foundation towards exploring the Bipolaris genome for other cell wall-degrading enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shritama Aich
- Protein Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, India
| | - Ravi K. Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246 India
| | - Pritha Kundu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246 India
| | - Shree P. Pandey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246 India
| | - Supratim Datta
- Protein Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, India
- Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, India
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