1
|
Şen A, Akarsu C, Bilici Z, Arslan H, Dizge N. Treatment of tomato paste wastewater by electrochemical and membrane processes: process optimization and cost calculation. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2024; 89:1879-1890. [PMID: 38619909 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2024.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the treatment of wastewater from tomato paste (TP) production using electrocoagulation (EC) and electrooxidation (EO). The effectiveness of water recovery from the pretreated water was then investigated using the membrane process. For this purpose, the effects of independent control variables, including electrode type (aluminum, iron, graphite, and stainless steel), current density (25-75 A/m2), and electrolysis time (15-120 min) on chemical oxygen demand (COD) and color removal were investigated. The results showed that 81.0% of COD and 100% of the color removal were achieved by EC at a current density of 75 A/m2, a pH of 6.84 and a reaction time of 120 min aluminum electrodes. In comparison, EO with graphite electrodes achieved 55.6% of COD and 100% of the color removal under similar conditions. The operating cost was calculated to be in the range of $0.56-30.62/m3. Overall, the results indicate that EO with graphite electrodes is a promising pretreatment process for the removal of various organics. In the membrane process, NP030, NP010, and NF90 membranes were used at a volume of 250 mL and 5 bar. A significant COD removal rate of 94% was achieved with the membrane. The combination of EC and the membrane process demonstrated the feasibility of water recovery from TP wastewater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aliye Şen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Ceyhun Akarsu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Bilici
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Hudaverdi Arslan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Nadir Dizge
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shah AA, Walia S, Kazemian H. Advancements in combined electrocoagulation processes for sustainable wastewater treatment: A comprehensive review of mechanisms, performance, and emerging applications. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 252:121248. [PMID: 38335752 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
This review explores the potential and challenges of combining electrochemical, especially electrocoagulation (EC) process, with various - wastewater treatment methods such as membranes, chemical treatments, biological methods, and oxidation processes to enhance pollutant removal and reduce costs. It emphasizes the advantages of using electrochemical processes as a pretreatment step, including increased volume and improved quality of permeate water, mitigation of membrane fouling, and lower environmental impact. Pilot-scale studies are discussed to validate the effectiveness of combined EC processes, particularly for industrial wastewater. Factors such as electrode materials, coating materials, and the integration of a third process are discussed as potential avenues for improving the environmental sustainability and cost-effectiveness of the combined EC processes. This review also discusses factors for improvement and explores the EC process combined with Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP). The conclusion highlights the need for combined EC processes, which include reducing electrode consumption, evaluating energy efficiency, and conducting pilot-scale investigations under continuous flow conditions. Furthermore, it emphasizes future research on electrode materials and technology commercialization. Overall, this review underscores the importance of combined EC processes in meeting the demand for clean water resources and emphasizes the need for further optimization and implementation in industrial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aatif Ali Shah
- Materials Technology & Environmental Research (MATTER) lab, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada; Environment Science Program, Faculty of Environment, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC V2N4Z9, Canada.
| | - Sunil Walia
- Materials Technology & Environmental Research (MATTER) lab, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada
| | - Hossein Kazemian
- Materials Technology & Environmental Research (MATTER) lab, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada; Northern Analytical Lab Services (Northern BC's Environmental and Climate Solutions Innovation Hub), University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada; Environment Science Program, Faculty of Environment, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC V2N4Z9, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Madenli O, Akarsu C, Adigüzel AO, Altuntepe A, Zan R, Deveci EÜ. Synthesis of graphite/rGO-modified fungal hyphae for chromium (VI) bioremediation process. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024; 45:811-826. [PMID: 36152299 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2128892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Bioremediation is a promising technology that can eliminate the drawbacks of conventional treatment methods in removing harmful toxic metals including chromium(VI). Therefore, in this study, fungal hyphae modified with graphite and reduced graphene oxide were synthesized and assessed for their potential to bioremediate heavy metals for the first time in the literature. The effects of the carbon-based materials on microbial structure were characterized using scanning electron microscopy analysis. Thermogravimetric, RAMAN, X-ray diffraction, and enzymatic analyzes were performed to determine the role of functional groups. In addition, batch adsorption experiments utilizing response surface methodology were conducted to optimize operating parameters such as time (1-11 h), chromium (10-50 mg/L), and graphite/reduced graphene oxide (0.1-1 g/L). The maximum adsorption capacity with the graphene fungal hyphae was determined to be 568 mg.g-1, which is 9.7 times that of the crude fungal hyphae. The Cr(VI) removal for fungal hyphae-graphite and fungal hyphae-reduced graphene oxide biocomposites was 98.25% and 98.49%, respectively. The isothermal and kinetic results perfectly matched the 2nd order pseudo-model and Langmuir model in terms of the nature of the adsorption process. The laboratory scale test results indicate that fungal hyphae modified with graphite and reduced graphene oxide have a high adsorption capacity, suitable for the removal of chromium (VI) from wastewater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ozgecan Madenli
- Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Enviromental Engineering Deparment, Niğde, Turkey
| | - Ceyhun Akarsu
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Osman Adigüzel
- Ondokuz Mayıs University, Moleculer Biology and Genetics, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ali Altuntepe
- Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Nanotechnology Research Center, Niğde, Turkey
| | - Recep Zan
- Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Nanotechnology Research Center, Niğde, Turkey
- Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences Department, Niğde, Turkey
| | - Ece Ümmü Deveci
- Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Enviromental Engineering Deparment, Niğde, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mousazadeh M, Naghdali Z, Kabdaşlı I, Sandoval MA, Titchou FE, Malekdar F, Nasr M, Martínez-Huitle CA, Lichtfouse E, Emamjomeh MM. Reclamation of forward osmosis reject water containing hexavalent chromium via coupled electrochemical-physical processes. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024; 45:888-901. [PMID: 36174186 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2130104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Forward osmosis is a water separation process that uses the natural energy of osmotic pressure to separate water from dissolved solutes through a semipermeable membrane. One of the major challenges using this process is the rejection water which contains high content of pollutants, hindering its practical application. Herein, for the first time, this work introduces a coupled electrochemical-physical process including iron-electrocoagulation/filtration/sedimentation as a cost-effective treatment to the forward osmosis reject water containing hexavalent chromium to be reclaimed. The synergistic treatment was optimized through a central composite design and response surface methodology to enhance hexavalent Cr removal and minimize operating costs, electrical energy consumption, and settled sludge volume. A 90.0% chromium removal was achieved under optimized conditions: electrolysis time of 59.7 min and current of 1.24 A (J = 6.32 mA cm-2). In addition, operating costs of 0.014 USD m-3, electrical energy consumption of 0.005 kWh m-3, and settled sludge volume of 445 mL L-1 were obtained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milad Mousazadeh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Zohreh Naghdali
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Işık Kabdaşlı
- Civil Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, İstanbul Technical University, İstanbul, Republic of Turkey
| | - Miguel A Sandoval
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Laboratorio de Electroquímica Medio Ambiental, LEQMA, Universidad de Santiago de Chile USACH, Santiago, Chile
- División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | | | - Farideh Malekdar
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Nasr
- Environmental Engineering Department, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), New Borg El-Arab City, Egypt
- Sanitary Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Carlos A Martínez-Huitle
- Institute of Chemistry, Environmental and Applied Electrochemical Laboratory, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Eric Lichtfouse
- CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Emamjomeh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
El-Gawad HA, Hassan GK, Aboelghait KM, Mahmoud WH, Mohamed RM, Afify AA. Removal of chromium from tannery industry wastewater using iron-based electrocoagulation process: experimental; kinetics; isotherm and economical studies. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19597. [PMID: 37949960 PMCID: PMC10638374 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46848-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromium is a hazardous compound from industrial processes, known for its toxicity, mutagenicity, teratogenicity, and carcinogenicity. Chemical methods are efficient but cost-effective alternatives with reduced sludge are sought. Electro-coagulation, utilizing low-cost iron plate electrodes, was explored for factual tannery wastewater treatment in this manuscript. Operating parameters such as initial chromium concentration, voltage, electrode number, operating time, agitation speed and current density has been studied to evaluate the treatment effeciency. Under optimal conditions (15 V, 0.4 mA/cm2, 200 rpm, 330 ppm chromium, 8 iron electrodes with a total surface area of 0.1188 m2, 3 h), chromium elimination was 98.76%. Iron anode consumption, power use, and operating cost were 0.99 gm/L, 0.0143 kW-h/L, and 160 EGP/kg of chromium eliminated, respectively. Kinetics studies were pursued first-order reaction (97.99% correlation), and Langmuir isotherms exhibited strong conformity (Langmuir R2: 99.99%). A predictive correlation for chromium elimination (R2: 97.97%) was developed via statistical regression. At HARBY TANNERY factory in Egypt, industrial sewage treatment achieved a final chromium disposal rate of 98.8% under optimized conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heba A El-Gawad
- Department of Engineering Mathematics and Physics, Higher Institute of Engineering, El- Shorouk Academy, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gamal K Hassan
- Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Centre, 33 Behooth St, P.O. Box 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Karim M Aboelghait
- Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Centre, 33 Behooth St, P.O. Box 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Walaa H Mahmoud
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - R M Mohamed
- Chemical Engineering Department, Canal Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology, Suez, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Afify
- Chemical Engineering Department, Canal Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology, Suez, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Saira GC, Shanthakumar S. Zero waste discharge in tannery industries - An achievable reality? A recent review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 335:117508. [PMID: 36812686 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In the recent times, more attention is on industrial waste management due to the unaffordable space for dump yards and landfills and the increased charges for waste dumping. Even though the vegan revolution and plant-based meat products are booming, the traditional slaughterhouses and the wastes produced by them continue to be a concern. Waste valorisation is an established procedure striving to create a closed chain process in industries where there is no refuse. Although a highly polluting industry, slaughterhouse industry wastes have been recycled to economically viable leather since ancient times. However, the tannery industry is causing pollution in par with or even more than the slaughterhouses. Effective management of the liquid and solid wastes from the tannery is of utmost concern because of its toxicity. The hazardous wastes generated enter the food chain, causing long term impacts in the ecosystem. Several leather waste transformation processes are widely used in the industries, and they are yielding good products of economic value. However careful exploration into the processes and products of waste valorisation are often ignored as long as the transformed waste product is of higher value than the waste. The most efficient and environmentally friendly waste management technique should convert the refuse into a value-added utilization without any toxic leftovers. Zero waste concept is an extension of the zero liquid discharge concept, where the solid waste is also treated and reused to such an extent that there is no residue to be sent to the landfill. This review initially presents the existing methods for the de-toxification of tannery wastes and examines the possibility of solid waste management within the tannery industry to attain zero waste discharge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G C Saira
- Department of Environmental and Water Resources Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632014, India
| | - S Shanthakumar
- Centre for Clean Environment, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632014, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Laouameur K, Flilissa A, Lemaoui CE, Ferkous H, Benguerba Y. Study of the effect of current intensity on the structural performance of electrogenerated mesoporous aluminum phosphate: application for adsorption. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:27510-27524. [PMID: 36385339 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23578-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To keep up with the development of contaminants in the water supply, it is required to create new adsorbents or improve current ones. The adsorption capacity of AlPO4 electrocoagulated with varying current intensities was examined. AlPO4 was produced by electrolysis in a NaCl solution using aluminum electrodes and a 0.1 M phosphate buffer at varying current intensities. Current efficiency was enhanced. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to analyze the adsorbents (FTIR). The specific surface area was estimated by the quantity of methylene blue adsorbed by particles in an aqueous solution. Numerous operating factors must be addressed, including pH, starting concentration, adsorbent dose, and contact duration. The electrostatic interaction between positively charged MB molecules and negatively charged adsorbents drives adsorption at alkaline pH. When describing equilibrium adsorption, the Langmuir model is more accurate. Modeling using an adsorption isotherm may further improve the predicted specific surface area. At 0.2 amperes, the observed specific surface area was 2.86 m2/g.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khaoula Laouameur
- Laboratoire Des Maladies Cardiovasculaires Génétiques Et Nutritionnelles, Faculté de Médecine Département de Pharmacie, Ferhat ABBAS University of Setif-1, Sétif, Algeria
| | - Abdenacer Flilissa
- Laboratoire Des Maladies Cardiovasculaires Génétiques Et Nutritionnelles, Faculté de Médecine Département de Pharmacie, Ferhat ABBAS University of Setif-1, Sétif, Algeria
| | - Charaf Eddine Lemaoui
- Laboratoire Des Maladies Cardiovasculaires Génétiques Et Nutritionnelles, Faculté de Médecine Département de Pharmacie, Ferhat ABBAS University of Setif-1, Sétif, Algeria
| | - Hana Ferkous
- Laboratoire de Génie Mécanique Et Matériaux, Faculté de Technologie, Université de 20 Août 1955, 21000, Skikda, Algeria
- Département de Technologie, Université 20 août 1955 de Skikda, 21000, Skikda, Algeria
| | - Yacine Benguerba
- Laboratoire de Biopharmacie Et Pharmacotechnie (LBPT), Ferhat Abbas Setif 1 University, Setif, Algeria.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sadaf S, Singh AK, Iqbal J, Kumar RN, Sulejmanović J, Habila MA, Pinê Américo-Pinheiro JH, Sher F. Advancements of sequencing batch biofilm reactor for slaughterhouse wastewater assisted with response surface methodology. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135952. [PMID: 35964716 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Slaughterhouse wastewater (SWW) contains a significant volume of highly polluted organic wastes. These include blood, fat, soluble proteins, colloidal particles, suspended materials, meat particles, and intestinal undigested food that consists of higher concentrations of organics such as biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrogen and phosphorus hence an efficient treatment is required before discharging into the water bodies. The effluent concentrations and performance of simultaneous sequential batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) with recycled plastic carrier media support are better than the local single-stage sequential batch reactor (SBR), which is lacking in the literature in terms of COD, NH3, NO3, and PO4 treatment efficiency. The present study reports a novel strategy to remove the above mentioned contaminants using an intermittently aerated SBBR with recycled plastic carrier media support along with simultaneous nitrification and denitrification. The central composite design was evaluated to optimize the treatment performance of seven different process variables including; different alternating conditions (Oxic/anoxic) for aeration cycles (3/2 h in a 6 h cycle, 6/5 h in a 12 h cycle and 9/8 h in an 18 h cycle) and hydraulic retention time (6, 12 and 18 h). The average removal efficiencies are 94.5% for NH3, 93% for NO3 and 90.1% for PO4, and 99% for COD. The study reveals that the denitrification in the post-anoxic phase was more efficient than the pre-anoxic phase for pollutant removal and maintaining higher quality effluent. The effluent concentrations and performance of simultaneous SBBR with recycled polyethylene carrier support media were better than local SBR system in terms of COD, NH3, NO3 and PO4 treatment efficiency. Results stipulated the suitability of SBBR for wastewater treatment and reusability as a sustainable approach for wastewater management under optimum conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Somya Sadaf
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, Jharkhand, India; International Society of Engineering Science and Technology, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ankit Kumar Singh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Jawed Iqbal
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - R Naresh Kumar
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Jasmina Sulejmanović
- International Society of Engineering Science and Technology, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja Od Bosne 33-35, 71 000, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Mohamed A Habila
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Juliana Heloisa Pinê Américo-Pinheiro
- School of Engineering, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Ave. Brasil Sul, Number 56, ZIP Code 15385-000, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil; Brazil University, Street Carolina Fonseca, Number 584, ZIP Code 08230-030, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Farooq Sher
- Department of Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Márquez AA, Coreño O, Nava JL. A hybrid process combining electrocoagulation and active chlorine-based photoelectro-Fenton-like methods during the removal of Acid Blue 29 dye. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
|
10
|
Patel SR, Parikh SP, Prajapati AK. Copper electrode for the removal of chromium from dyestuff industries effluent by electrocoagulation: kinetic study and operating cost. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2021.1878040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil R. Patel
- Chemical Department, V.G.E.C. Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Sachin P. Parikh
- Chemical Department, L. D. College of Engineering, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Abhinesh Kumar Prajapati
- Department of Chemical Engineering, IPSA, Institute of Engineering and Science, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Development of electrocoagulation process for wastewater treatment: optimization by response surface methodology. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09383. [PMID: 35592662 PMCID: PMC9111894 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrocoagulation (EC) is a process used by supply of electric current with sacrificial electrodes for the removal of pollutant from wastewater. The study was experimentally investigated taking into account various factors such as pH (3–7.5), current (0.03–0.09 A), distance between the electrodes (1–2 cm), electrolytic concentration (1–3 g/L), and electrolysis time (20–60 min) which is impact on the % removal efficiency of color, chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity and determination of energy consumption used for aluminum (Al) electrode used. The surface response design process based on the central composite design (CCD) has been used to optimize different operational parameters for treatment of hospital wastewater using EC process. The % color, COD and turbidity removal, and energy consumption under different conditions were predicted with the aid of a quadratic model, as were the significance and their interaction with independent variables assessed by analysis of variance (ANOVA). The optimal conditions were obtained through mathematical and statistical methods to reach maximum % color, COD, and turbidity removal with minimum energy consumption. The results showed that the maximum removal of color (92.30%), COD (95.28%), and turbidity (83.33%) were achieved at pH–7.5, current–0.09A, electrolytic concentration–3g/L, distance between electrodes–2 cm and reaction time 60 min. This means that, the process of EC can remove pollutants from various types of wastewaters and industrial effluent under the various operating parameters. EC effective technology used to treat wastewater generated from hospital. Al was used as an electrode for hospital wastewater treatment using EC process. EC can eliminate pollutants from wastewater under various operating parameters. CCD used to optimize operational parameters for treatment of hospital wastewater.
Collapse
|
12
|
Shokri A, Fard MS. A critical review in electrocoagulation technology applied for oil removal in industrial wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 288:132355. [PMID: 34582927 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
EC process, which stands for Electrocoagulation, is considered a widespread wastewater remediation method that is investigated widely for an extensive variety of wastewater resources, based on its flexibility, easy setup, eco-friendly nature, and low footprint. The critical operative factors in the EC process and the crucial relation between EC and the typical chemical coagulation approach had been thoroughly evaluated because they are the main variables that govern the process of contaminant elimination. As a result, the EC process requires further investigations for scale-up simulations in the manufacturing scopes and optimization of operational parameters. Furthermore, the current paper studies the novel integrated separation methods with the combined EC process and also their limitations for improved wastewater remediation process for cleaner wastes, recycling processes, and water recovery. In this paper, the EC enhancement processes toward oil removal from wastewater have been reviewed which includes a concise representation of the source and features of oily wastewater. Additionally, the advanced remediation methods for oil-contained wastewater and the electrocoagulation process are presented. This review summarized the present utilization of electrocoagulation to eliminate oil from wastewater. Besides the process optimization and modeling investigations, the parameters that significantly affect the electrocoagulation remediation effectiveness are evaluated. Finally, the cutting-edge and sophisticated methods of electrocoagulation process for oil removal are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aref Shokri
- Jundi-Shapur Research Institute, Dezful, Iran.
| | - Mahdi Sanavi Fard
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tafresh University, Tafresh, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Akarsu C, Bilici Z, Dizge N. Treatment of vegetable oil wastewater by a conventional activated sludge process coupled with electrocoagulation process. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2022; 94:e10692. [PMID: 35187750 DOI: 10.1002/wer.10692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The present work aims to study chemical oxygen demand (COD), oil-grease, and color removal from vegetable oil wastewater by combined electrocoagulation and activated sludge processes. For this purpose, the sample was pretreated using electrocoagulation by various optimization parameters such as electrode type (Al-Al and Fe-Fe), current density (100-400 A/m2 ), pH (2-8), and electrolysis time (15-180 min). The results showed that 89.3% of COD, 100% of oil-grease, and 66.2% of color were removed by electrocoagulation under the conditions of 300-A/m2 current density, pH 2, and 180-min reaction time with Al-Al electrode pairs. Then, the effluent of electrocoagulation was treated by an activated sludge process. The results depicted that the activated sludge process was also effective for vegetable oil wastewater treatment and it enhanced 98.9% COD and 79.2% color removal efficiency. The effluent of the combined process was very clear, and its quality exceeded the direct discharge standard of the water pollution control regulation. The laboratory-scale test results indicate that the combined electrocoagulation and activated sludge process is feasible for the treatment of vegetable oil wastewater. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Vegetable oil wastewater was treated by combination of electrocoagulation and activated sludge processes. The combined electrocoagulation and activated sludge processes supplied 99.9% COD, 100% oil-grease, and 93.0% color removal efficiency. The laboratory-scale test results indicate that the combined EC-SBR processes were feasible for the treatment of vegetable oil wastewater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ceyhun Akarsu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Bilici
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Nadir Dizge
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Akarsu C, Kumbur H, Kideys AE. Removal of microplastics from wastewater through electrocoagulation-electroflotation and membrane filtration processes. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2021; 84:1648-1662. [PMID: 34662303 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2021.356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are one of the major vectors of microplastics (MPs) pollution for the recipient water bodies. Therefore, the recovery of MPs from WWTPs is extremely important for decreasing their accumulation and impact in aquatic systems. In this present study, the electrocoagulation-electroflotation (EC/EF) and membrane filtration processes were investigated in removing MPs from wastewaters. The effectiveness of different electrode combinations (Fe-Al and Al-Fe), current density (10-20 A/m2), pH (4.0-10.0) and operating times (0-120 min) on the removal of two different polymer particles in water were investigated to obtain maximum treatment efficiency. The effect of pressure (1-3 bar) on membrane filtration removal efficiency was also investigated. The maximum removal efficiencies were obtained as 100% for both polymer types with electrode combination of Al-Fe, initial pH of 7, current density of 20 A/m2 and reaction time of 10 min. The membrane filtration method also displayed a 100% removal efficiency. In addition, these laboratory-scale results were compared with the one-year average data of a plant treating with real-scale membranes. The results indicated that the proposed processes supplied maximum removal efficiency (100%) compared to conventional secondary and tertiary treatment methods (2-81.6%) in the removal of microplastics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ceyhun Akarsu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Mersin University, 33343 Yenisehir, Mersin, Turkey E-mail:
| | - Halil Kumbur
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Mersin University, 33343 Yenisehir, Mersin, Turkey E-mail:
| | - Ahmet Erkan Kideys
- Institute of Marine Science, Middle East Technical University, 33731 Erdemli, Mersin, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mehralian M, Khashij M, Dalvand A. Treatment of cardboard factory wastewater using ozone-assisted electrocoagulation process: optimization through response surface methodology. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:45041-45049. [PMID: 33860423 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13921-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cardboard factory wastewater is usually known by high chemical oxygen demand (COD), color, phenols, lignin, and its derivatives, and usual treatment techniques are not able to treat such wastewaters. This study aimed to investigate the efficiency of ozone-assisted electrocoagulation process (EC/O3) for the treatment of real cardboard wastewater. The parameters influencing COD removal in the EC/O3 process were optimized using response surface methodology. Regard to the statistical model, the optimum conditions were obtained at current density 9.6 mA/cm2, time 20 min, and pH 12. At optimal condition, EC/O3 process removed 74.7% and 97.5% of COD and color, which was higher compared to ozonation and EC processes separately. The COD removal followed pseudo-first-order kinetic with the coefficient correlation of 0.97 and the reaction rate constant of 0.073 1/min. To sum up, the combined electrocoagulation process with ozonation could be used satisfactorily for removing pollutants from real cardboard wastewater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mehralian
- Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Maryam Khashij
- Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Arash Dalvand
- Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mousazadeh M, Niaragh EK, Usman M, Khan SU, Sandoval MA, Al-Qodah Z, Khalid ZB, Gilhotra V, Emamjomeh MM. A critical review of state-of-the-art electrocoagulation technique applied to COD-rich industrial wastewaters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:43143-43172. [PMID: 34164789 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14631-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Electrocoagulation (EC) is one of the emerging technologies in groundwater and wastewater treatment as it combines the benefits of coagulation, sedimentation, flotation, and electrochemical oxidation processes. Extensive research efforts implementing EC technology have been executed over the last decade to treat chemical oxygen demand (COD)-rich industrial wastewaters with the aim to protect freshwater streams (e.g., rivers, lakes) from pollution. A comprehensive review of the available recent literature utilizing EC to treat wastewater with high COD levels is presented. In addition, recommendations are provided for future studies to improve the EC technology and broaden its range of application. This review paper introduces some technologies which are often adopted for industrial wastewater treatment. Then, the EC process is compared with those techniques as a treatment for COD-rich wastewater. The EC process is considered as the most privileged technology by different research groups owing to its ability to deal with abundant volumes of wastewater. After, the application of EC as a single and combined treatment for COD-rich wastewaters is thoroughly reviewed. Finally, this review attempts to highlight the potentials and limitations of EC. Related to the EC process in batch operation mode, the best operational conditions are found at 10 V and 60 min of voltage and reaction time, respectively. These last values guarantee high COD removal efficiencies of > 90%. This review also concludes that considerably large operation costs of the EC process appears to be the serious drawback and renders it as an unfeasible approach for handling of COD rich wastewaters. In the end, this review has attempted to highlights the potential and limitation of EC and suggests that vast notably research in the field of continuous flow EC system is essential to introduce this technology as a convincing wastewater technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milad Mousazadeh
- Student research committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Elnaz Karamati Niaragh
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Institute for Water Resources and Water Supply, Hamburg University of Technology, Am Schwarzenberg-Campus 3, 20173, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Saif Ullah Khan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Zakir Husain College of Engineering & Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P., 202001, India
| | - Miguel Angel Sandoval
- Departamento de Química de los Materiales, Laboratorio de Electroquímica Medio Ambiental, LEQMA, Universidad de Santiago de Chile USACH, Casilla 40, Correo 33, Santiago, Chile
- División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N, 36050, Guanajuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - Zakaria Al-Qodah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Al-Balqa Applied University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Zaied Bin Khalid
- Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Vishakha Gilhotra
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Emamjomeh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Akarsu C, Deveci EÜ, Gönen Ç, Madenli Ö. Treatment of slaughterhouse wastewater by electrocoagulation and electroflotation as a combined process: process optimization through response surface methodology. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:34473-34488. [PMID: 33651288 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12855-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of water with organic compounds has become an increasing concern in today's world. The cost-effective and sustainable treatment of industrial wastewaters is a major challenge. Advanced treatment techniques such as electrocoagulation-electroflotation offer economic and reliable solutions for the treatment of industrial wastewater. In this study, the electrocoagulation-electroflotation method was investigated for the simultaneous removal of chemical oxygen demand, total phosphorus, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, and color via response surface methodology. Factors such as electrode combination (Fe and Al), current density (10-20 mA/cm2), pH (3.0-9.0), and electrode distance (1-3 cm) were investigated in the treatment of wastewater to obtain maximum treatment efficiency. It was determined that chemical oxygen demand, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, total phosphorus, and color removal reached up to 94.0%, 77.5%, 97.0%, and 99.0%, respectively. Treatment costs were found as $0.71 with the Al-Fe electrode combination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ceyhun Akarsu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mersin University, 33343, Mersin, Turkey.
| | - Ece Ümmü Deveci
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, 51240, Niğde, Turkey
| | - Çağdaş Gönen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, 51240, Niğde, Turkey
| | - Özgecan Madenli
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, 51240, Niğde, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Affiliation(s)
- Omprakash Sahu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, UIE Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Metali Sarkar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, UIE Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Melo LLA, Ide AH, Duarte JLS, Zanta CLPS, Oliveira LMTM, Pimentel WRO, Meili L. Caffeine removal using Elaeis guineensis activated carbon: adsorption and RSM studies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:27048-27060. [PMID: 32388754 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09053-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The palm (Elaeis guineensis), known as dendê, is an important oleaginous Brazilian plant with a high performance of oil production. In this work, a 23 full experimental design was performed and the response surface method (RSM) was used to indicate the optimum parameter of caffeine adsorption on Elaeis guineensis endocarp activated carbon, since the endocarp is the main by-product from dendê oil production. It was set the adsorbent point of zero charge (pHpzc), and the material was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The RSM results indicate removal efficiency (%) at the optimal conditions, 0.20 g of adsorbent, and caffeine initial concentration of 20 mg/L, and acidic medium was about 95%. Based on ANOVA and F test (Fcalculated > Fstandard), the mathematical/statistical model obtained fits well to the experimental data. The overall kinetic studies showed time was achieved after 5 h and caffeine adsorption followed the pseudo-second-order model suggesting chemisorption is a predominant mechanism. Redlich-Peterson and Sips models best represented the experimental data (0.967 < R2 < 0.993). Thermodynamic revealed that caffeine adsorption was spontaneous at all temperatures studied, exothermic, and probably with changes in the adsorbate-adsorbent complex during the process. The tests conducted in different water matrixes corroborate the suitability of this adsorbent to be used in caffeine removal even in a complex solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Larissa L A Melo
- Laboratório de Processos, Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, Tabuleiro dos Martins, Maceió, AL, 57072-970, Brazil
| | - Alessandra H Ide
- Laboratório de Processos, Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, Tabuleiro dos Martins, Maceió, AL, 57072-970, Brazil
| | - José Leandro S Duarte
- Laboratório de Processos, Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, Tabuleiro dos Martins, Maceió, AL, 57072-970, Brazil
- Laboratorio de Eletroquímica Aplicada, Instituto de Química e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, Tabuleiro dos Martins, Maceió, AL, 57072-970, Brazil
| | - Carmem Lucia P S Zanta
- Laboratorio de Eletroquímica Aplicada, Instituto de Química e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, Tabuleiro dos Martins, Maceió, AL, 57072-970, Brazil
| | - Leonardo M T M Oliveira
- Laboratório de Processos, Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, Tabuleiro dos Martins, Maceió, AL, 57072-970, Brazil
| | - Wagner R O Pimentel
- Laboratório de Processos, Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, Tabuleiro dos Martins, Maceió, AL, 57072-970, Brazil
| | - Lucas Meili
- Laboratório de Processos, Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, Tabuleiro dos Martins, Maceió, AL, 57072-970, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|