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Samarasinghe LV, Muthukumaran S, Baskaran K. Recent advances in visible light-activated photocatalysts for degradation of dyes: A comprehensive review. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 349:140818. [PMID: 38056717 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development in industrialization and urbanization coupled with an ever-increasing world population has caused a tremendous increase in contamination of water resources globally. Synthetic dyes have emerged as a major contributor to environmental pollution due to their release in large quantities into the environment, especially owing to their high demand in textile, cosmetics, clothing, food, paper, rubber, printing, and plastic industries. Photocatalytic treatment technology has gained immense research attention for dye contaminated wastewater treatment due to its environment-friendliness, ability to completely degrade dye molecules using light irradiation, high efficiency, and no generation of secondary waste. Photocatalytic technology is evolving rapidly, and the foremost goal is to synthesize highly efficient photocatalysts with solar energy harvesting abilities. The current review provides a comprehensive overview of the most recent advances in highly efficient visible light-activated photocatalysts for dye degradation, including methods of synthesis, strategies for improving photocatalytic activity, regeneration and their performance in real industrial effluent. The influence of various operational parameters on photocatalytic activity are critically evaluated in this article. Finally, this review briefly discusses the current challenges and prospects of visible-light driven photocatalysts. This review serves as a convenient and comprehensive resource for comparing and studying the fundamentals and recent advancements in visible light photocatalysts and will facilitate further research in this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shobha Muthukumaran
- Institute for Sustainability Industries and Liveable Cities, College of Sport, Health & Engineering, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia
| | - Kanagaratnam Baskaran
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University, Victoria, 3216, Australia
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Samuchiwal S, Naaz F, Kumar P, Ahammad SZ, Malik A. Life cycle assessment of sequential microbial-based anaerobic-aerobic reactor technology developed onsite for treating textile effluent. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 234:116545. [PMID: 37429404 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Although biological treatment of textile effluent is a preferred option for industries avoiding toxic chemical sludge production and disposal, requirement of several extra pre-treatment units like neutralization, cooling systems or additives, results in higher operational cost. In the present study, a pilot scale sequential microbial-based anaerobic-aerobic reactor technology (SMAART) was developed and operated for the treatment of real textile effluent in the industrial premises in continuous mode for 180 d. The results showed an average ∼95% decolourization along with ∼92% reduction in the chemical oxygen demand establishing the resilience against fluctuations in the inlet parameters and climate conditions. Moreover, the pH of treated effluent was also reduced from alkaline range (∼11.05) to neutral range (∼7.76) along with turbidity reduction from ∼44.16 NTU to ∼0.14 NTU. A comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) of SMAART with the conventional activated sludge process (ASP) showed that ASP caused 41.5% more negative impacts on environment than SMAART. Besides, ASP had 46.15% more negative impact on human health, followed by 42.85% more negative impact on ecosystem quality as compared to SMAART. This was attributed to less electricity consumption, absence of pre-treatment units (cooling and neutralization) and less volume of sludge generation (∼50%) while using SMAART. Hence, integration of SMAART within the industrial effluent treatment plant is recommended to achieve a minimum waste discharge system in pursuit of sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Samuchiwal
- Applied Microbiology Lab, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, Delhi, 110016, India.
| | - Farah Naaz
- Applied Microbiology Lab, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, Delhi, 110016, India.
| | - Pushpender Kumar
- Applied Microbiology Lab, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, Delhi, 110016, India.
| | - Shaikh Ziauddin Ahammad
- Department of Biochemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, Delhi, 110016, India.
| | - Anushree Malik
- Applied Microbiology Lab, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, Delhi, 110016, India.
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Iliopoulou A, Arvaniti OS, Deligiannis M, Gatidou G, Vyrides I, Fountoulakis MS, Stasinakis AS. Combined use of strictly anaerobic MBBR and aerobic MBR for municipal wastewater treatment and removal of pharmaceuticals. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 343:118211. [PMID: 37253313 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
An integrated lab-scale wastewater treatment system consisting of an anaerobic Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (AnMBBR) and an aerobic Membrane Bioreactor (AeMBR) in series was used to study the removal and fate of pharmaceuticals during wastewater treatment. Continuous-flow experiments were conducted applying different temperatures to the AnMBBR (Phase A: 35 °C; Phase B: 20 °C), while batch experiments were performed for calculating sorption and biotransformation kinetics. The total removal of major pollutants and target pharmaceuticals was not affected by the temperature of the AnMBBR. In Phase A, the average removal of dissolved chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), and ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N) was 86%, 91% and 96% while in Phase B, 91%, 96% and 96%, respectively. Removal efficiencies ranging between 65% and 100% were observed for metronidazole (MTZ), trimethoprim (TMP), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), and valsartan (VAL), while slight (<30%) or no removal was observed for carbamazepine (CBZ) and diclofenac (DCF), respectively. Application of a mass balance model showed that the predominant mechanism for the removal of pharmaceuticals was biotransformation, while the role of sorption was of minor importance. The AeMBR was critical for VAL, SMX and TMP biodegradation; the elimination of MTZ was strongly enhanced by the AnMBBR. In both bioreactors, Bacteroidetes was the dominant phylum in both bioreactors over time. In the AnMBBR, Cloacibacterium and Bacteroides had a higher abundance in the biocarriers compared to the suspended biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasia Iliopoulou
- Water and Air Quality Laboratory, Department of Environment, University of the Aegean, Mytilene, 81100, Greece
| | - Olga S Arvaniti
- Water and Air Quality Laboratory, Department of Environment, University of the Aegean, Mytilene, 81100, Greece; Department of Agricultural Development, Agrofood and Management of Natural Resources, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Psachna, 34400, Greece
| | - Michalis Deligiannis
- Water and Air Quality Laboratory, Department of Environment, University of the Aegean, Mytilene, 81100, Greece
| | - Georgia Gatidou
- Water and Air Quality Laboratory, Department of Environment, University of the Aegean, Mytilene, 81100, Greece
| | - Ioannis Vyrides
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, 95 Eirinis Str., Limassol, 3603, Cyprus
| | - Michalis S Fountoulakis
- Water and Air Quality Laboratory, Department of Environment, University of the Aegean, Mytilene, 81100, Greece
| | - Athanasios S Stasinakis
- Water and Air Quality Laboratory, Department of Environment, University of the Aegean, Mytilene, 81100, Greece.
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Jallouli S, Buonerba A, Borea L, Hasan SW, Belgiorno V, Ksibi M, Naddeo V. Living membrane bioreactor for highly effective and eco-friendly treatment of textile wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 871:161963. [PMID: 36737022 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The treatability of synthetic textile wastewater containing model dyes, such as reactive black and direct black dye (25.0 ± 2.6 mgdye/L), with chemical oxygen demand (COD, 1000 ± 113 mg/L), ammonia‑nitrogen (NH3-N, 140 ± 97 mg/L) and sulphate ions (SO₄2-, 1357 ± 10.86 mg/L) was investigated in this study using an innovative living membrane bioreactor (LMBR) using an encapsulated self-forming dynamic membrane (ESFDM). The key advantage of ESFDMBR is the self-forming of the biological filtering layer protected between two meshes of inert robust and inexpensive material. A laboratory scale bioreactor (BR) equipped with a filtering unit mounting polyester meshes with a pore size of 30 μm, operated at an influent flux of 30 LMH was thus used. After the formation of the biological living membrane (LM), the treatment significantly reduced COD and DOC concentrations to the average values of 34 ± 10 mg/L and 32 ± 7 mg/L, corresponding to reduction efficiencies of 96.0 ± 1.1 % and 94 ± 1.05 %, respectively. Throughout the LMBR operation, the colours were successfully removed from synthetic textile wastewater with an overall removal efficiency of about 85.0 ± 1.8 and 86.0 ± 1.9 % for direct and reactive dyes, respectively. In addition, the proposed system was also found effective in affording removal efficiency of ammonia (NH3) of 97 ± 0.5 %. Finally, this treatment afforded circa 40.7 ± 5.8 % sulphate removal, with a final concentration value of 805 ± 78.61 mg/L. The innovative living membrane, based on an encapsulated self-forming dynamic membrane allows a prolonged containment of the membrane fouling, confirmed by investigating the concentration of membrane fouling precursors and the time-course variations of turbidity and transmembrane pressure (TMP). Those final concentrations of wastewater pollutants were found to be below the limits for admission of the effluents in public sanitation networks in Italy and Tunisia, as representative countries for the regulation in force in Europe and North Africa. In conclusion, due to the low costs of plant and maintenance, the simple applicability, the rapid online implementation, the application of LMBR results in a promising method for the treatment of textile wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh Jallouli
- Université de Sfax, Laboratoire de Génie de l'Environnement et Ecotechnologie, GEET-ENIS, Route de Soukra km 4, Po. Box 1173, Sfax 3038, Tunisia
| | - Antonio Buonerba
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "Adolfo Zambelli", University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - Laura Borea
- Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; ASIS Salernitana Reti e Impianti SpA, via Tommaso Prudenza CPS 12, 84131 Salerno, SA, Italy
| | - Shadi W Hasan
- Center for Membranes and Advanced Water Technology (CMAT), Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, PO Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vincenzo Belgiorno
- Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Mohamed Ksibi
- Université de Sfax, Laboratoire de Génie de l'Environnement et Ecotechnologie, GEET-ENIS, Route de Soukra km 4, Po. Box 1173, Sfax 3038, Tunisia
| | - Vincenzo Naddeo
- Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
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Belli TJ, Bassin JP, de Sousa Vidal CM, Hassemer MEN, Rodrigues C, Lapolli FR. Effects of solid retention time and exposure mode to electric current on Remazol Brilliant Violet removal in an electro-membrane bioreactor. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:58412-58427. [PMID: 36991202 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26593-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The performance of an electrochemically assisted anoxic-oxic membrane bioreactor (A/O-eMBR) was assessed as an alternative for azo dye (Remazol Brilhant Violet (RBV)) removal from simulated textile wastewater. The A/O-eMBR was operated under three experimental conditions (runs I, II, and III), in which different solids retention time (SRT) (45 and 20 d) and exposure mode to electric current (6'ON/30'OFF and 6'ON/12'OFF) were assessed. The reactor exhibited excellent decolorization performance for all runs, with average dye removal efficiency ranging from 94.3 to 98.2%. Activity batch assays showed that the dye removal rate (DRR) decreased from 16.8 to 10.2 mg RBV L-1 h-1 when the SRT was reduced from 45 to 20 d, likely attributed to the lower biomass content under lower sludge age. At the electric current exposure mode of 6' ON/12'OFF, a more substantial decrease of DRR to 1.5 mg RBV L-1 h-1 was noticed, suggesting a possible inhibitory effect on dye removal via biodegradation. By reducing the SRT to 20 d, a worse mixed liquor filterability condition was observed, with a membrane fouling rate (MFR) of 0.979 kPa d-1. In contrast, using the electric current exposure mode of 6'ON/12'OFF resulted in lower membrane fouling propensity, with an MFR of 0.333 kPa d-1. A more attractive cost-benefit ratio for dye removal was obtained using the exposure mode of 6'ON/30'OFF, for which the energy demand was estimated at 21.9-22.6 kWh kg dye-1 removed, almost two times lower than that observed for the mode of 6'ON/12'OFF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago José Belli
- Civil Engineering Department, Santa Catarina State University, Ibirama, SC, ZIP 89140-000, Brazil.
| | - João Paulo Bassin
- Chemical Engineering Program, COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, P.O. Box 68502, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-972, Brazil
| | - Carlos Magno de Sousa Vidal
- Environmental and Sanitary Engineering Department, State University of Centro-Oeste (UNICENTRO), PR 153, Km 07, Riozinho, P.O. Box 21, Irati, PR, Brazil
| | - Maria Eliza Nagel Hassemer
- Environmental Engineering Program, PPGEA, Federal University of Santa Catarina, P.O. Box 476, Florianópolis, SC, ZIP 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Caroline Rodrigues
- Environmental Engineering Program, PPGEA, Federal University of Santa Catarina, P.O. Box 476, Florianópolis, SC, ZIP 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Flávio Rubens Lapolli
- Environmental Engineering Program, PPGEA, Federal University of Santa Catarina, P.O. Box 476, Florianópolis, SC, ZIP 88040-900, Brazil
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Wang K, Ye Q, Shen Y, Wang Y, Hong Q, Zhang C, Liu M, Wang H. Biochar Addition in Membrane Bioreactor Enables Membrane Fouling Alleviation and Nitrogen Removal Improvement for Low C/N Municipal Wastewater Treatment. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:194. [PMID: 36837697 PMCID: PMC9960794 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13020194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) are frequently used to treat municipal wastewater, but membrane fouling is still the main weakness of this technology. Additionally, the low carbon-nitrogen (C/N) ratio influent has been shown to not only increase the membrane fouling, but also introduce challenges to meet the effluent discharge standard for nitrogen removal. Herein, the authors addressed the challenges by adding cost-effective biochar. The results suggested that the biochar addition can enable membrane fouling alleviation and nitrogen removal improvement. The reduced membrane fouling can be ascribed to the biochar adsorption capacity, which facilitates to form bigger flocs with carbon skeleton in biochar as a core. As a result, the biochar addition significantly altered the mixed liquor suspension with soluble microbial product (SMP) concentration reduction of approximately 14%, lower SMP protein/polysaccharide ratio from 0.28 ± 0.02 to 0.22 ± 0.03, smaller SMP molecular weight and bigger sludge particle size from 67.68 ± 6.9 μm to 113.47 ± 4.8 μm. The nitrogen removal is also dramatically improved after biochar addition, which can be due to the initial carbon source release from biochar, and formation of aerobic-anaerobic microstructures. Microbial diversity analysis results suggested more accumulation of denitrification microbes including norank_f__JG30-KF-CM45 and Plasticicumulans. Less relative abundance of Aeromonas after biochar addition suggested less extracellular polymer substance (EPS) secretion and lower membrane fouling rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanming Wang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Ye
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yuxiang Shen
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yajing Wang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Qiankun Hong
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Chenlong Zhang
- Ningbo Communications Planning Institute Co., Ltd., Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Min Liu
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
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Yılmaz T, Sahinkaya E. Performance of sulfur-based autotrophic denitrification process for nitrate removal from permeate of an MBR treating textile wastewater and concentrate of a real scale reverse osmosis process. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 326:116827. [PMID: 36442334 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Textile is one of the industrial sectors generating the highest amount of wastewater with various polluting substances. Lately, water reuse in textile industries, especially, with the reverse osmosis (RO) process following membrane bioreactor (MBR) treatment has been applied more commonly. In this study, an autotrophic sulfur-based denitrifying column performance was evaluated, for the first time, for nitrate reduction from permeate of a lab-scale MBR receiving real textile wastewater and from the concentrate stream of a real scale-RO plant used for recovering water from textile wastewater. Nitrate concentration in the MBR effluent and RO concentrate averaged 35 ± 3 and 12 ± 2 mg-N/L, respectively. With the sulfur-based column bioreactor, quite high (≥90%) denitrification performances were attained both for MBR effluent and RO concentrate up to nitrate loadings of 0.432 and 0.12 g-N/(L.d), respectively. COD present in wastewater was not utilized in the column bioreactor, which illustrates no or minimal contribution of heterotrophic denitrification. Alkalinity concentration in the wastewater was enough to buffer the acid formation during autotrophic denitrification. Sulfate was generated accompanied by nitrate reduction and sulfide was formed at low nitrate loadings. In the batch tests, the denitrification rates for the MBR effluent and RO concentrate were 0.31 and 0.28 g-N/(g-VSS.d), respectively, which were relatively higher than the ones observed for the synthetic nitrate-contaminated groundwater. Autotrophic sulfur-based denitrification is a promising and robust process alternative even for textile RO concentrate with high concentrations of salinity, non-biodegradable COD, and color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tülay Yılmaz
- Environmental Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey; Science and Advanced Technologies Research Center (BILTAM), Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, 34700, Turkey
| | - Erkan Sahinkaya
- Science and Advanced Technologies Research Center (BILTAM), Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, 34700, Turkey; Department of Bioengineering, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, 34700, Turkey.
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Zhou L, Lai Y, Zeng R, Zhao B, Jian Y, Ou P, Zhang W, Ng HY, Zhuang WQ. Core carbon fixation pathways associated with cake layer development in an anoxic-oxic biofilm-membrane bioreactor treating textile wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 835:155483. [PMID: 35483462 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microbial carbon fixation pathways have not yet been adequately understood for their role in membrane case layer formation processes. Carbon fixation bacteria can play critical roles in either causing or enhancing cake layer formation in some autotrophic-prone anoxic conditions, such as sulfur-cycling conditions. Understanding the microbes capable of carbon fixation can potentially guide the design of membrane biofouling mitigation strategies in scientific ways. Thus, we used meta-omics methods to query carbon fixation pathways in the cake layers of a full-scale anoxic-oxic biofilm-MBR system treating textile wastewater in this study. Based on the wastewater constituents and other properties, such as anoxic conditions, sulfide-reducing and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria could co-exist in the membrane unit. In addition, low-light radiation conditions could also happen to the membrane unit. However, we could not quantify the light intensity or total energy input accurately because the whole experimental setup was a full-scale system. Potentially complete carbon fixation pathways in the cake layer included the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle, Wood-Ljungdahl pathway, and the 3-hydroxypropionate bicycle. We discovered that using aeration could effectively inhibit carbon fixation, which resulted in mitigating membrane cake layer development. However, the aeration resulted in the 3-hydroxypropionate bicycle pathway, presumably used by aerobic sulfur-oxidizing prokaryotes, to become a more abundant carbon fixation pathway in the cake layer under aerobic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Yongzhou Lai
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Rongjie Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Bikai Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yixin Jian
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Pingxiang Ou
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Wenyu Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - How Yong Ng
- Centre for Water Research, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, 117576, Singapore.
| | - Wei-Qin Zhuang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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9
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Performance Evaluation of a Hybrid Enhanced Membrane Bioreactor (eMBR) System Treating Synthetic Textile Effluent. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14111708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The textile industry produces a high volume of wastewater rich in toxic and harmful chemicals. Therefore, it is necessary to apply wastewater treatment methods such as membrane bioreactor (MBR) to achieve high efficiency, process stability, small footprint, and low maintenance costs. This work performed a study on a synthetic textile wastewater treatment using an enhanced membrane bioreactor (eMBR) equipped with two anoxic and one aerobic reactor and a UV disinfection unit. The results showed 100% removal of total suspended solids, 81.8% removal of chemical oxygen demand, and 96% removal of color. The SEM analysis indicated that the pores of the membrane were blocked by a compact and dense gel layer, as observed by the presence of the fouling layer. According to these results, an eMBR hybrid system is a suitable option for treating synthetic textile wastewater. Opportunities to increase the efficiencies in the removal of some pollutants, as well as stabilizing and standardizing the process are the improvements which require further investigations.
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10
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Khan NA, Bokhari A, Mubashir M, Klemeš JJ, El Morabet R, Khan RA, Alsubih M, Azam M, Saqib S, Mukhtar A, Koyande A, Show PL. Treatment of Hospital wastewater with submerged aerobic fixed film reactor coupled with tube-settler. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131838. [PMID: 34399260 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Hospital wastewater was treated using a submerged aerobic fixed film (SAFF) reactor coupled with tubesettler in series. SAFF consisted of a column with an up-flow biofilter. The biological oxygen demand (BOD)5, chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrate and phosphate were the chosen pollutants for evaluation. The pollutants removal efficiency was determined at varying organic loading rates and hydraulic retention time. The organic loading rate was varied between 0.25 and 1.25 kg COD m-3 d-1. The removal efficiency of SAFF and tubesettler combined was 75 % COD, 67 % BOD and 67 % phosphate, respectively. However, nitrate saw an increase in concentration by 25 %. SAFF contribution in the removal of COD, BOD5 and Phosphate was 48 %, 46 % and 29 %, respectively. While for accumulation of nitrate, it was responsible for 56%, respectively. Tubesettler performed better than SAFF with 52 %, 54 % and 69 % reduction of COD, BOD5 and phosphate, respectively. But in terms of nitrate, tubesettler was responsible for 44 % accumulation. The nutrient reduction decreased with an increase in the organic loading rate. Nitrification was observed in the SAFF and tubesettler, which indicated a well-aerated system. An anaerobic unit is required for completing the denitrification process and removing nitrogen from the effluent. The better performance of tubesettler over SAFF calls for necessitates extended retention time over design criteria. Further studies are beneficial to investigate the impact of pharmaceutical compounds on the efficiency of SAFF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem A Khan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Millia Islamia, Okhla, New Delhi, Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Awais Bokhari
- Chemical Engineering Department, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus, Lahore, Punjab, 54000, Pakistan; Sustainable Process Integration Laboratory, SPIL, NETME Centre, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, VUT Brno, Technická 2896/2, 616 69, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Muhammad Mubashir
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, School of Engineering, Asia Pacific University of Technology and Innovation, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jiří Jaromír Klemeš
- Sustainable Process Integration Laboratory, SPIL, NETME Centre, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, VUT Brno, Technická 2896/2, 616 69, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Rachida El Morabet
- Department of Geography, LADES, FLSH-M, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Mohammedia, 28810, Morocco
| | - Roohul Abad Khan
- Department of Civil Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed Alsubih
- Department of Civil Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mudassar Azam
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Getreidemarkt 9/166, Wien, 1060, Austria
| | - Sidra Saqib
- Chemical Engineering Department, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus, Lahore, Punjab, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Mukhtar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, NFC Institute of Engineering and Fertilizer Research Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Apurav Koyande
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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