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An J, Park H, Kim J, Park H, Kim TH, Park C, Kim J, Lee MH, Lee T. Extended-Gate Field-Effect Transistor Consisted of a CD9 Aptamer and MXene for Exosome Detection in Human Serum. ACS Sens 2023; 8:3174-3186. [PMID: 37585601 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c00879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Cancer progresses silently to the terminal stage of the impossible operable condition. There are many limitations in the treatment options of cancer, but diagnosis in an early stage can improve survival rates and low recurrence. Exosomes are the biomolecules released from cancer cells and are promising candidates for clinical diagnosis. Among them, the cluster of differentiation 9 (CD9) protein is an important exosomal biomarker that can be used for exosome determination. Therefore, here, a CD9 aptamer was first synthesized and applied to an extended-gate field-effect transistor (EGFET)-type biosensor containing a disposable sensing membrane to suggest the possibility of detecting exosomes in a clinical environment. Systematically evaluating ligands using the exponential enrichment (SELEX) technique was performed to select nucleic acid sequences that can specifically target the CD9 protein. Exosomes were detected according to the electrical signal changes on a membrane, which is an extended gate using an Au microelectrode. The fabricated biosensor showed a limit of detection (LOD) of 10.64 pM for CD9 proteins, and the detection range was determined from 10 pM to 1 μM in the buffer. In the case of the clinical test, the LOD and detection ranges of exosomes in human serum samples were 6.41 × 102 exosomes/mL and 1 × 103 to 1 × 107 exosomes/mL, respectively, showing highly reliable results with low error rates. These findings suggest that the proposed aptasensor can be a powerful tool for a simple and early diagnosis of exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongyun An
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjun Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinmyeong Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanbin Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hyung Kim
- School of Integrative Engineering Chung-Ang University, Heukseok-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06910, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulhwan Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghyun Kim
- Department of Electronics Convergence Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ho Lee
- School of Integrative Engineering Chung-Ang University, Heukseok-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06910, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
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Sakib S, Hosseini A, Zhitomirsky I, Soleymani L. Photoelectrochemical IL-6 Immunoassay Manufactured on Multifunctional Catecholate-Modified TiO 2 Scaffolds. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:50851-50861. [PMID: 34664926 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c18240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in using photoelectrochemistry for enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio and sensitivity of electrochemical biosensors. Nevertheless, it remains challenging to create photoelectrochemical biosensors founded on stable material systems that are also easily biofunctionalized for sensing applications. Herein, a photoelectrochemical immunosensor is reported, in which the concentration of the target protein directly correlates to a change in the measured photocurrent. The material system for the photoelectrode signal transducer involves using catecholate ligands to modify the properties of TiO2 nanostructures in a three-pronged approach of morphology tuning, photoabsorption enhancement, and facilitating bioconjugation. The catecholate-modified TiO2 photoelectrode is combined with a signal-off direct immunoassay to detect interleukin-6 (IL-6), a key biomarker for diagnosing and monitoring various diseases. Catecholate ligands are added during hydrothermal synthesis of TiO2 to enable the growth of three-dimensional nanostructures to form highly porous photoelectrodes that provide a three-dimensional scaffold for immobilizing capture antibodies. Surface modification by catecholate ligands greatly enhances photocurrent generation of the TiO2 photoelectrodes by improving photoabsorption in the visible range. Additionally, catecholate molecules facilitate bioconjugation and probe immobilization by forming a Schiff-base between their -COH group and the -NH2 group of the capture antibodies. The highest photocurrent achieved herein is 8.89 μA cm-2, which represents an enhancement by a factor of 87 from unmodified TiO2. The fabricated immunosensor shows a limit-of-detection of 3.6 pg mL-1 and a log-linear dynamic range of 2-2000 pg mL-1 for IL-6 in human blood plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadman Sakib
- Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Amin Hosseini
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Igor Zhitomirsky
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4L7, Canada
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Leyla Soleymani
- Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4L7, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4L7, Canada
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Hwang MT, Park I, Heiranian M, Taqieddin A, You S, Faramarzi V, Pak AA, van der Zande AM, Aluru NR, Bashir R. Ultrasensitive Detection of Dopamine, IL-6 and SARS-CoV-2 Proteins on Crumpled Graphene FET Biosensor. ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES 2021; 6:2100712. [PMID: 34901384 PMCID: PMC8646936 DOI: 10.1002/admt.202100712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Universal platforms for biomolecular analysis using label-free sensing modalities can address important diagnostic challenges. Electrical field effect-sensors are an important class of devices that can enable point-of-care sensing by probing the charge in the biological entities. Use of crumpled graphene for this application is especially promising. It is previously reported that the limit of detection (LoD) on electrical field effect-based sensors using DNA molecules on the crumpled graphene FET (field-effect transistor) platform. Here, the crumpled graphene FET-based biosensing of important biomarkers including small molecules and proteins is reported. The performance of devices is systematically evaluated and optimized by studying the effect of the crumpling ratio on electrical double layer (EDL) formation and bandgap opening on the graphene. It is also shown that a small and electroneutral molecule dopamine can be captured by an aptamer and its conformation change induced electrical signal changes. Three kinds of proteins were captured with specific antibodies including interleukin-6 (IL-6) and two viral proteins. All tested biomarkers are detectable with the highest sensitivity reported on the electrical platform. Significantly, two COVID-19 related proteins, nucleocapsid (N-) and spike (S-) proteins antigens are successfully detected with extremely low LoDs. This electrical antigen tests can contribute to the challenge of rapid, point-of-care diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Taeyoung Hwang
- Department of BioNano TechnologyGachon University1342 Seongnam‐Daero, Sujeong‐GuSeongnamGyeonggi13120Republic of Korea
| | - Insu Park
- Micro and Nanotechnology LaboratoryUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - Mohammad Heiranian
- Department of Mechanical Science and EngineeringUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - Amir Taqieddin
- Department of Mechanical Science and EngineeringUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - Seungyong You
- Micro and Nanotechnology LaboratoryUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - Vahid Faramarzi
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - Angela A. Pak
- Materials Research LaboratoryUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - Arend M. van der Zande
- Department of Mechanical Science and EngineeringUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
- Materials Research LaboratoryUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - Narayana R. Aluru
- Materials Research LaboratoryUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
- Walker Department of Mechanical EngineeringOden Institute for Computational Engineering and SciencesThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTX78712USA
| | - Rashid Bashir
- Micro and Nanotechnology LaboratoryUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
- Department of Mechanical Science and EngineeringUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
- Materials Research LaboratoryUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
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Wang X, Ma L, Sun S, Liu T, Zhou H, Liu X, Guan M. Rapid, highly sensitive and quantitative detection of interleukin 6 based on SERS magnetic immunoassay. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:1823-1831. [PMID: 33885657 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay02304c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome caused by infection, and is a common disease in intensive care units (ICUs), whereby the mortality rate is as high as 30% to 50%. Early diagnosis and treatment can significantly reduce the mortality rate of patients with sepsis. We have developed a method based on SERS for the rapid and quantitative detection of IL-6. Using the principle of double antibody sandwich, the core-shell nanoparticles embedded with a Raman reporter (Au@4MBA@Ag NPs) are coupled to the tracer antibody, while the biotin was coupled to the capture antibody to form an antibody-antigen-antibody sandwich structure with the antigen during detection of the structure. Streptavidin (SA) and biotin had a strong affinity, and the sandwich structure was captured by SA magnetic beads and detected by Raman spectroscopy under the enrichment of an external magnetic field. The results showed a good linear relationship between the Raman signal and the concentration of IL-6 in the concentration range of 0-1000 pg mL-1 (r = 0.9997) with a limit of detection of 1.6 pg mL-1. Also, the recovery rate of standard addition was 93.9-99.1%, and the coefficient of variation intra-assay and inter-assay of the three batches of reagents was less than 15%. Furthermore, it showed excellent specificity with procalcitonin (PCT, 20 ng mL-1) and C-reactive protein (CRP, 100 μg mL-1) and had no cross-reactivity. Except for bilirubin (2 mg mL-1) and hemoglobin (10 mg mL-1), other common interferences in the serum did not interfere, showing good anti-interference performance. Moreover, 57 clinical serum samples were detected via the chemiluminescence method simultaneously, and the detection results showed a good correlation (R2 = 0.9793, P < 0.01). There was no significant difference between the two performances (P > 0.05). The proposed method has numerous advantages such as high sensitivity, wide linear range, short detection time and simple operation, which provide a new technical reference for the clinical detection of sepsis biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, China.
| | - Li Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, China.
| | - Shijiao Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, China.
| | - Tingwei Liu
- Shanghai Simp Bio-science Co., Ltd, 201318, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Shanghai Simp Bio-science Co., Ltd, 201318, China
| | - Xinghui Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200135, P. R. China.
| | - Ming Guan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, China.
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Dutta N, Lillehoj PB, Estrela P, Dutta G. Electrochemical Biosensors for Cytokine Profiling: Recent Advancements and Possibilities in the Near Future. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:94. [PMID: 33806879 PMCID: PMC8004910 DOI: 10.3390/bios11030094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines are soluble proteins secreted by immune cells that act as molecular messengers relaying instructions and mediating various functions performed by the cellular counterparts of the immune system, by means of a synchronized cascade of signaling pathways. Aberrant expression of cytokines can be indicative of anomalous behavior of the immunoregulatory system, as seen in various illnesses and conditions, such as cancer, autoimmunity, neurodegeneration and other physiological disorders. Cancer and autoimmune diseases are particularly adept at developing mechanisms to escape and modulate the immune system checkpoints, reflected by an altered cytokine profile. Cytokine profiling can provide valuable information for diagnosing such diseases and monitoring their progression, as well as assessing the efficacy of immunotherapeutic regiments. Toward this goal, there has been immense interest in the development of ultrasensitive quantitative detection techniques for cytokines, which involves technologies from various scientific disciplines, such as immunology, electrochemistry, photometry, nanotechnology and electronics. This review focusses on one aspect of this collective effort: electrochemical biosensors. Among the various types of biosensors available, electrochemical biosensors are one of the most reliable, user-friendly, easy to manufacture, cost-effective and versatile technologies that can yield results within a short period of time, making it extremely promising for routine clinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmita Dutta
- School of Medical Science and Technology (SMST), Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India;
| | - Peter B. Lillehoj
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA;
| | - Pedro Estrela
- Centre for Biosensors, Bioelectronics and Biodevices (C3Bio) and Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Gorachand Dutta
- School of Medical Science and Technology (SMST), Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India;
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Laborie E, Bayle F, Bouville D, Smadja C, Dufour-Gergam E, Ammar M. Surface Biochemical Modification of Poly(dimethylsiloxane) for Specific Immune Cytokine Response. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:1307-1318. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Laborie
- Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 10 Boulevard Thomas Gobert, 91120 Palaiseau, France
- Institut Galien Paris Sud, UMR 8612, Protein and Nanotechnology in Analytical Science (PNAS), CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 5 rue Jean Baptiste Clément, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Fabien Bayle
- Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 10 Boulevard Thomas Gobert, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - David Bouville
- Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 10 Boulevard Thomas Gobert, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Claire Smadja
- Institut Galien Paris Sud, UMR 8612, Protein and Nanotechnology in Analytical Science (PNAS), CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 5 rue Jean Baptiste Clément, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Elisabeth Dufour-Gergam
- Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 10 Boulevard Thomas Gobert, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Mehdi Ammar
- Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 10 Boulevard Thomas Gobert, 91120 Palaiseau, France
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7
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Khan NI, Song E. Detection of an IL-6 Biomarker Using a GFET Platform Developed with a Facile Organic Solvent-Free Aptamer Immobilization Approach. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:1335. [PMID: 33668579 PMCID: PMC7918451 DOI: 10.3390/s21041335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aptamer-immobilized graphene field-effect transistors (GFETs) have become a well-known detection platform in the field of biosensing with various biomarkers such as proteins, bacteria, virus, as well as chemicals. A conventional aptamer immobilization technique on graphene involves a two-step crosslinking process. In the first step, a pyrene derivative is anchored onto the surface of graphene and, in the second step, an amine-terminated aptamer is crosslinked to the pyrene backbone with EDC/NHS (1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride/N-hydroxysuccinimide) chemistry. However, this process often requires the use of organic solvents such as dimethyl formamide (DMF) or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) which are typically polar aprotic solvents and hence dissolves both polar and nonpolar compounds. The use of such solvents can be especially problematic in the fabrication of lab-on-a-chip or point-of-care diagnostic platforms as they can attack vulnerable materials such as polymers, passivation layers and microfluidic tubing leading to device damage and fluid leakage. To remedy such challenges, in this work, we demonstrate the use of pyrene-tagged DNA aptamers (PTDA) for performing a one-step aptamer immobilization technique to implement a GFET-based biosensor for the detection of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) protein biomarker. In this approach, the aptamer terminal is pre-tagged with a pyrene group which becomes soluble in aqueous solution. This obviates the need for using organic solvents, thereby enhancing the device integrity. In addition, an external electric field is applied during the functionalization step to increase the efficiency of aptamer immobilization and hence improved coverage and density. The results from this work could potentially open up new avenues for the use of GFET-based BioMEMS platforms by broadening the choice of materials used for device fabrication and integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niazul I. Khan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA;
| | - Edward Song
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA;
- Materials Science Program, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
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Gonçalves MDL, Truta LAN, Sales MGF, Moreira FTC. Electrochemical Point-of Care (PoC) Determination of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) Using a Pyrrole (Py) Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP) on a Carbon-Screen Printed Electrode (C-SPE). ANAL LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2021.1879108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. de Lurdes Gonçalves
- BioMark/ISEP, School of Engineering, Polytechnic of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- CEB, Centre of Biological Engineering, Minho University, Braga, Portugal
| | - Liliana A. N. Truta
- BioMark/ISEP, School of Engineering, Polytechnic of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- CEB, Centre of Biological Engineering, Minho University, Braga, Portugal
| | - M. Goreti F. Sales
- BioMark/UC, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CEB, Centre of Biological Engineering, Minho University, Braga, Portugal
| | - Felismina T. C. Moreira
- BioMark/ISEP, School of Engineering, Polytechnic of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- CEB, Centre of Biological Engineering, Minho University, Braga, Portugal
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Markhali BP, Sriram M, Bennett DT, Khiabani PS, Hoque S, Tilley RD, Bakthavathsalam P, Gooding JJ. Single particle detection of protein molecules using dark-field microscopy to avoid signals from nonspecific adsorption. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 169:112612. [PMID: 32977089 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A massively parallel single particle sensing method based on core-satellite formation of Au nanoparticles was introduced for the detection of interleukin 6 (IL-6). This method exploits the fact that the localized plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the plasmonic nanoparticles will change as a result of core-satellite formation, resulting in a change in the observed color. In this method, the hue (color) value of thousands of 67 nm Au nanoparticles immobilized on a glass coverslip surface is analyzed by a Matlab code before and after the addition of reporter nanoparticles containing IL-6 as target protein. The average hue shift as the result of core-satellite formation is used as the basis to detect small amount of proteins. This method enjoys two major advantages. First it is able to analyze the hue values of thousands of nanoparticles in parallel in less than a minute. Secondly the method is able to circumvent the effect of non-specific adsorption, a major issue in the field of biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijan P Markhali
- School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Manish Sriram
- School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Danielle T Bennett
- School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Parisa S Khiabani
- School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Sharmin Hoque
- School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Richard D Tilley
- School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Padmavathy Bakthavathsalam
- School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia.
| | - J Justin Gooding
- School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia.
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Biosensing Cytokine IL-6: A Comparative Analysis of Natural and Synthetic Receptors. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2020; 10:bios10090106. [PMID: 32847008 PMCID: PMC7557795 DOI: 10.3390/bios10090106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines are a family of proteins which play a major role in the regulation of the immune system and the development of several diseases, from rheumatoid arthritis to cancer and, more recently, COVID-19. Therefore, many efforts are currently being developed to improve therapy and diagnosis, as well as to produce inhibitory drugs and biosensors for a rapid, minimally invasive, and effective detection. In this regard, even more efficient cytokine receptors are under investigation. In this paper we analyze a set of IL-6 cytokine receptors, investigating their topological features by means of a theoretical approach. Our results suggest a topological indicator that may help in the identification of those receptors having the highest complementarity with the protein, a feature expected to ensure a stable binding. Furthermore, we propose and discuss the use of these receptors in an idealized experimental setup.
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Khan MA, Mujahid M, Loo SCJ, Chamundeswari VN. Nanophotonics based label free detection mechanism for real-time monitoring of interleukin-6. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:9194-9207. [PMID: 32301466 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr01151g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Magneto-photonic crystals/MPCs are promising candidates for devising high-fidelity embedded biosensor systems which offer facile & real time detection of diagnostic proteins. Despite extensive use of magnetic nanomaterials for theranostic applications, the idea of exploiting its photonic response when assembled as a colloid inside a matrix remains unexplored. Herein, we report a novel label free method for quantitative detection of interleukin 6 which is a widely used prognostic marker for multiple pathological conditions. Cobalt ferrite/CoF and magnetite nanoparticles with Ms of 74.8 and 77 emu g-1 were assembled inside a hydrogel matrix with the application of an external magnetic field. Through the use of click chemistry, detecting antibodies were immobilized on their surface. The interaction of interleukin 6 with the antibodies produces a blue-shift in resonant wavelength and the reflectance intensity increases up to 50% and 44% when tested with CoF & magnetite based MPC respectively at a concentration of 50 pg ml-1. The dynamic range of the sensor lies within the prognostic values of IL-6, and the integrated sensing mechanism proposed in this study provides an ideal platform for real-time management of sepsis in patients with higher degree burns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munezza A Khan
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, Nanyanf Avenue, 639798, Singapore.
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Rapid and sensitive detection of interleukin-6 in serum via time-resolved lateral flow immunoassay. Anal Biochem 2019; 588:113468. [PMID: 31585097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2019.113468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is an interleukin that acts as both a proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine. It can be used as a potential diagnostic biomarker for sepsis. The aim of this study was to establish an easy-to-use detection kit for rapid, quantitative and on-site detection of IL-6. To develop the new IL-6 quantitative detecting kit, a double-antibody sandwich immunofluorescent assay was employed based on europium nanoparticles (Eu-np) combined with lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA). The performance of the new developed kit was evaluated in the aspects of parallel analysis, linearity, sensitivity, precision, accuracy, specificity and clinical sample analysis. Two-hundred and fourteen serum samples were used to carry out the clinical sample analysis. The new IL-6 quantitative detecting kit exhibited a wide linear range (2-500 pg/mL) and a good sensitivity (0.37 pg/mL). The intra-assay coefficient of variation (CV) and the inter-assay CV were 5.92%-8.87% and 7.59%-9.04%, respectively. The recovery rates ranged from 102% to 106%. Furthermore, a high correlation (n = 214, r = 0.9756, p < 0.01) was obtained when compared with SIEMENS CLIA IL-6 kit. Thus, the new quantitative method for detecting IL-6 has been successfully established. The results indicated that the newly-developed strip based on Eu-np combined with LFIA was a facile, fast, highly sensitive, low-cost, reliable biosensor and suitable for rapid and point-of-care test (POCT) for IL-6 in serum.
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Eldamak AR, Fear EC. Conformal and Disposable Antenna-Based Sensor for Non-Invasive Sweat Monitoring. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18124088. [PMID: 30469510 PMCID: PMC6308724 DOI: 10.3390/s18124088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a feasibility study for a non-wearable, conformal, low cost, and disposable antenna-based sensor for non-invasive hydration monitoring using sweat. It is composed of a patch antenna implemented on a cellulose filter paper substrate and operating in the range 2–4 GHz. The paper substrate can absorb liquids, such as sweat on the skin, through two slots incorporated within the antenna structure. Thus, the substrate dielectric properties are altered according to the properties of the absorbed liquid. Changes in reflection-based measurements are used to analyze salt solutions and artificial sweat, specifically the amount of sampled solution and the sodium chloride (NaCl) concentration. Using the shift in resonant frequency and magnitude of the reflection coefficient, NaCl concentrations in the range of 8.5–200 mmol/L, representing different hydration states, are detected. The measurements demonstrate the feasibility of using microwave based measurements for hydration monitoring using sweat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angie R Eldamak
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Communication Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11517, Egypt.
- Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Elise C Fear
- Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
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Abstract
Hormones produced by glands in the endocrine system and neurotransmitters produced by the nervous system control many bodily functions. The concentrations of these molecules in the body are an indication of its state, hence the use of the term biomarker. Excess concentrations of biomarkers, such as cortisol, serotonin, epinephrine, and dopamine, are released by the body in response to a variety of conditions, for example, emotional state (euphoria, stress) and disease. The development of simple, low-cost modalities for point-of-use (PoU) measurements of biomarkers levels in various bodily fluids (blood, urine, sweat, saliva) as opposed to conventional hospital or lab settings is receiving increasing attention. This paper starts with a review of the basic properties of 12 primary stress-induced biomarkers: origin in the body (i.e., if they are produced as hormones, neurotransmitters, or both), chemical composition, molecular weight (small/medium size molecules and polymers, ranging from ∼100 Da to ∼100 kDa), and hydro- or lipophilic nature. Next is presented a detailed review of the published literature regarding the concentration of these biomarkers found in several bodily fluids that can serve as the medium for determination of the condition of the subject: blood, urine, saliva, sweat, and, to a lesser degree, interstitial tissue fluid. The concentration of various biomarkers in most fluids covers a range of 5-6 orders of magnitude, from hundreds of nanograms per milliliter (∼1 μM) down to a few picograms per milliliter (sub-1 pM). Mechanisms and materials for point-of-use biomarker sensors are summarized, and key properties are reviewed. Next, selected methods for detecting these biomarkers are reviewed, including antibody- and aptamer-based colorimetric assays and electrochemical and optical detection. Illustrative examples from the literature are discussed for each key sensor approach. Finally, the review outlines key challenges of the field and provides a look ahead to future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Steckl
- Nanoelectronics Laboratory, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0030, United States
| | - Prajokta Ray
- Nanoelectronics Laboratory, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0030, United States
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15
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Tertiş M, Melinte G, Ciui B, Şimon I, Ştiufiuc R, Săndulescu R, Cristea C. A Novel Label Free Electrochemical Magnetoimmunosensor for Human Interleukin-6 Quantification in Serum. ELECTROANAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201800620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Tertiş
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Pharmacy; Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy; 4 Louis Pasteur St 400349 Cluj-Napoca Romania
| | - Gheorghe Melinte
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Pharmacy; Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy; 4 Louis Pasteur St 400349 Cluj-Napoca Romania
| | - Bianca Ciui
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Pharmacy; Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy; 4 Louis Pasteur St 400349 Cluj-Napoca Romania
| | - Ioan Şimon
- Department of Surgery IV; CFR Hospital; Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy; 18 Republicii St Cluj-Napoca Romania
| | - Rareş Ştiufiuc
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics&Biophysics; Faculty of Pharmacy; Iuliu Haţieganu University and Pharmacy; 6 Louis Pasteur St 400349 Cluj-Napoca Romania
- MedFuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine; Iuliu Haţieganu University and Pharmacy; 4-6 Louis Pasteur St 400349 Cluj-Napoca Romania
| | - Robert Săndulescu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Pharmacy; Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy; 4 Louis Pasteur St 400349 Cluj-Napoca Romania
| | - Cecilia Cristea
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Pharmacy; Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy; 4 Louis Pasteur St 400349 Cluj-Napoca Romania
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16
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Brown MS, Ashley B, Koh A. Wearable Technology for Chronic Wound Monitoring: Current Dressings, Advancements, and Future Prospects. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:47. [PMID: 29755977 PMCID: PMC5932176 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic non-healing wounds challenge tissue regeneration and impair infection regulation for patients afflicted with this condition. Next generation wound care technology capable of in situ physiological surveillance which can diagnose wound parameters, treat various chronic wound symptoms, and reduce infection at the wound noninvasively with the use of a closed loop therapeutic system would provide patients with an improved standard of care and an accelerated wound repair mechanism. The indicating biomarkers specific to chronic wounds include blood pressure, temperature, oxygen, pH, lactate, glucose, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and infection status. A wound monitoring device would help decrease prolonged hospitalization, multiple doctors' visits, and the expensive lab testing associated with the diagnosis and treatment of chronic wounds. A device capable of monitoring the wound status and stimulating the healing process is highly desirable. In this review, we discuss the impaired physiological states of chronic wounds and explain the current treatment methods. Specifically, we focus on improvements in materials, platforms, fabrication methods for wearable devices, and quantitative analysis of various biomarkers vital to wound healing progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Brown
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, State University of New York at Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, United States
| | - Brandon Ashley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, State University of New York at Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, United States
| | - Ahyeon Koh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, State University of New York at Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, United States
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17
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Recent advances in biosensor technology in assessment of early diabetes biomarkers. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 99:122-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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18
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Tertiş M, Ciui B, Suciu M, Săndulescu R, Cristea C. Label-free electrochemical aptasensor based on gold and polypyrrole nanoparticles for interleukin 6 detection. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.11.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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19
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Huang J, Chen H, Jing L, Fam D, Tok AIY. Improved synthesis and growth of graphene oxide for field effect transistor biosensors. Biomed Microdevices 2016; 18:61. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-016-0092-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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20
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Multifunctional Reduced Graphene Oxide (RGO)/Fe3O4/CdSe Nanocomposite for Electrochemiluminescence Immunosensor. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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21
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Liu G, Qi M, Hutchinson MR, Yang G, Goldys EM. Recent advances in cytokine detection by immunosensing. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 79:810-21. [PMID: 26774995 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The detection of cytokines in body fluids, cells, tissues and organisms continues to attract considerable attention due to the importance of these key cell signaling molecules in biology and medicine. In this review, we describe recent advances in cytokine detection in the course of ongoing pursuit of new analytical approaches for these trace analytes with specific focus on immunosensing. We discuss recent elegant designs of sensing interface with improved performance with respect to sensitivity, selectivity, stability, simplicity, and the absence of sample matrix effects. Various immunosensing approaches based on multifunctional nanomaterials open novel opportunities for ultrasensitive detection of cytokines in body fluids in vitro and in vivo. Methodologies such as suspension arrays also known as bead assays together with optical fiber-based sensors, on their own or in combination with microfluidic devices will continue to have an important role to address the grand challenge of real-time in vivo multiplex cytokine detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, PR China; ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics (CNBP), Macquarie University, North Ryde 2109, Australia
| | - Meng Qi
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Mark R Hutchinson
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics (CNBP), The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - Guangfu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Ewa M Goldys
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics (CNBP), Macquarie University, North Ryde 2109, Australia.
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