1
|
Madhuranthakam CMR, Abudaqqa WSK, Fowler M. Advances in Polyvinyl Alcohol-Based Membranes for Fuel Cells: A Comprehensive Review on Types, Synthesis, Modifications, and Performance Optimization. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1775. [PMID: 39000631 PMCID: PMC11243812 DOI: 10.3390/polym16131775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Fuel cell technology is at the forefront of sustainable energy solutions, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) membranes play an important role in improving performance. This article thoroughly investigates the various varieties of PVA membranes, their production processes, and the numerous modification tactics used to solve inherent problems. Various methods were investigated, including chemical changes, composite blending, and the introduction of nanocomposites. The factors impacting PVA membranes, such as proton conductivity, thermal stability, and selectivity, were investigated to provide comprehensive knowledge. By combining various research threads, this review aims to completely investigate the current state of PVA membranes in fuel cell applications, providing significant insights for both academic researchers and industry practitioners interested in efficient and sustainable energy conversion technologies. The transition from traditional materials such as Nafion to PVA membranes has been prompted by limitations associated with the former, such as complex synthesis procedures, reduced ionic conductivity at elevated temperatures, and prohibitively high costs, which have hampered their widespread adoption. As a result, modern research efforts are increasingly focused on the creation of alternative membranes that can compete with conventional technical efficacy and economic viability in the context of fuel cell technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Weam S K Abudaqqa
- Chemical Engineering Department, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 59911, United Arab Emirates
| | - Michael Fowler
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G5, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mahalingam A, Pushparaj H. Synthesis, Characterization, and Fabrication of Nickel Metal-Organic Framework-Incorporated Polymer Electrolyte Membranes for Fuel-Cell Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:31145-31157. [PMID: 38842949 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Proton-conducting sulfonated polymer metal-organic framework (MOF)-based composite membranes were synthesized by anchoring the nickel MOF (Ni-MOF) to the aromatic sulfonated polymer backbone. In this work, we sulfonated two different polymers, poly(1,4-phenylene ether ether sulfone) (PEES) and poly ether ether ketone (PEEK), with a controllable sulfonation degree, and the synthesized Ni-MOF was incorporated into the sulfonated polymers to prepare a polymer electrolyte membrane. The effect of an MOF as a pendant moiety on the polymer backbone had a significant effect on properties such as water uptake, thermal, mechanical, and oxidative stabilities, swelling ratio, ion-exchange capacity (IEC), morphology, proton conductivity, and fuel-cell performance. The presence of an MOF structure enhanced the water retention capacity of the composite membranes. Adding Ni-MOF to the composite membrane improved the fuel-cell performance by increasing the OCV and power density. Among the synthesized electrolytes, the 3 wt % Ni-MOF-incorporated sPEEK membrane displayed a power density of 319 mW/cm2 with a cell voltage of 0.79 V, which was higher than the pure sulfonated polymer. Thus, the developed composite membranes are suitable for fuel-cell applications.
Collapse
|
3
|
Fan X, Ou Y, Yang H, Yang H, Qu T, Zhang Q, Cheng F, Hu F, Liu H, Xu Z, Gong C. Composite proton exchange membrane for fuel cells based on chitosan modified by acid-base amphoteric nanoparticles. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127796. [PMID: 37923030 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Currently, achieving a simultaneous improvement in proton conductivity and mechanical properties is a key challenge in using chitosan (CS) as a proton exchange membrane (PEM) substrate in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). Herein, a novel nanofiller-zwitterionic molecule, (3-(3-aminopropyl) dimethylammonio) propane-1-sulfonate, ADPS)-modified polydopamine (PDA) (PDA-ADPS) was synthesized by the Michael addition reaction and was incorporated into a CS matrix to prepare CS/PDA-ADPS composite membranes. PDA-ADPS, which contains an acid-based ion pair can create new proton conduction channels in the composite membrane, improving proton conductivity. The proton conductivity of the CS/PDA-ADPS composite membrane was as high as 38.4 mS cm-1 at 80 °C. Moreover, due to the excellent compatibility and dispersibility of PDA-ADPS in the CS matrix, the obtained CS/PDA-ADPS composite membranes exhibited favorable mechanical properties. Such outstanding proton conductivity and mechanical properties guarantee good performance of the composite membranes in fuel cells. The peak power density of the CS/PDA-ADPS composite membranes was 30.2 mW cm-2 at 70 °C. This work provides a new strategy for fabricating high-performance CS based PEMs for DMFCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjian Fan
- Hubei Engineering & Technology Research Center for Functional Materials from Biomass, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, Hubei 432000, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Ying Ou
- Hubei Engineering & Technology Research Center for Functional Materials from Biomass, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, Hubei 432000, China.
| | - Huiyu Yang
- Hubei Engineering & Technology Research Center for Functional Materials from Biomass, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, Hubei 432000, China
| | - Haiyang Yang
- Hubei Engineering & Technology Research Center for Functional Materials from Biomass, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, Hubei 432000, China
| | - Ting Qu
- Hubei Engineering & Technology Research Center for Functional Materials from Biomass, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, Hubei 432000, China
| | - Quanyuan Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Fan Cheng
- Hubei Engineering & Technology Research Center for Functional Materials from Biomass, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, Hubei 432000, China
| | - Fuqiang Hu
- Hubei Engineering & Technology Research Center for Functional Materials from Biomass, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, Hubei 432000, China
| | - Hai Liu
- Hubei Engineering & Technology Research Center for Functional Materials from Biomass, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, Hubei 432000, China
| | - Zushun Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Chunli Gong
- Hubei Engineering & Technology Research Center for Functional Materials from Biomass, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, Hubei 432000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gómez EER, Hernandez JHM. Obtaining Electrospun Membranes of Chitosan/PVA and TiO 2 as a Solid Polymer Electrolyte with Potential Application in Ion Exchange Membranes. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:862. [PMID: 37999347 PMCID: PMC10673476 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13110862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
A binary polymeric blend was prepared using chitosan (CS) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) at a ratio of 80:20, respectively, to obtain a solid polymeric electrolyte with possible application for the generation of an electric current in proton or anion exchange electrochemical cells. With a 6% m/m solution, a membrane was formed using the electrospinning technique, and the influence of the incorporation of titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles, at a concentration between 1000 and 50,000 ppm, on the physicochemical properties of the material was evaluated. The micrographs obtained by SEM revealed that the diameter of the nanofibers was close to 100 nm. Likewise, it was found that the incorporation of the nanoparticles affected the moisture absorption of the material, reaching a predominantly hydrophobic behavior in the composite with the highest concentrations of these (2% absorption), while for the lowest content of the filler, the absorption reached values close to 13%. On the other hand, Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) showed lower dehydration in the fibrous composite with a 1000 ppm TiO2 content, while Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) showed that these nanoparticles did not significantly affect the thermal transition (Tm) of the composite. Additionally, with the incorporation of nanoparticles, a shift in the Tg from 44 to 37 °C was found concerning the unfilled binary membrane, which increased the possibility of achieving higher ionic conductivities with the nanocomposites at room temperature. Complex Impedance Spectroscopy determined the material's activation energy, decreasing this by adding the TiO2 filler at a concentration of 1000 ppm. On the other hand, when the membranes were doped with a 1 M KOH solution, the fibrous structure of the membrane changed to a porous cork-like configuration. In future research, the electrospun membrane could be used in the development of a composite to validate the energy efficiency of the new solid polymer electrolyte.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elio Enrique Ruiz Gómez
- Grupo de Investigación en Estudios Aeroespaciales—GIEA, Escuela Militar de Aviación Marco Fidel Suárez (EMAVI)–Fuerza Aeroespacial Colombiana, Carrera 8 No. 58-67, Cali 760011, Colombia;
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rastgar M, Moradi K, Burroughs C, Hemmati A, Hoek E, Sadrzadeh M. Harvesting Blue Energy Based on Salinity and Temperature Gradient: Challenges, Solutions, and Opportunities. Chem Rev 2023; 123:10156-10205. [PMID: 37523591 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Greenhouse gas emissions associated with power generation from fossil fuel combustion account for 25% of global emissions and, thus, contribute greatly to climate change. Renewable energy sources, like wind and solar, have reached a mature stage, with costs aligning with those of fossil fuel-derived power but suffer from the challenge of intermittency due to the variability of wind and sunlight. This study aims to explore the viability of salinity gradient power, or "blue energy", as a clean, renewable source of uninterrupted, base-load power generation. Harnessing the salinity gradient energy from river estuaries worldwide could meet a substantial portion of the global electricity demand (approximately 7%). Pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) and reverse electrodialysis (RED) are more prominent technologies for blue energy harvesting, whereas thermo-osmotic energy conversion (TOEC) is emerging with new promise. This review scrutinizes the obstacles encountered in developing osmotic power generation using membrane-based methods and presents potential solutions to overcome challenges in practical applications. While certain strategies have shown promise in addressing some of these obstacles, further research is still required to enhance the energy efficiency and feasibility of membrane-based processes, enabling their large-scale implementation in osmotic energy harvesting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Rastgar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Advanced Water Research Lab (AWRL), University of Alberta, 10-367 Donadeo Innovation Center for Engineering, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Kazem Moradi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Advanced Water Research Lab (AWRL), University of Alberta, 10-367 Donadeo Innovation Center for Engineering, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Computational Fluid Engineering Laboratory, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Cassie Burroughs
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, 12-263 Donadeo Innovation Centre for Engineering, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Arman Hemmati
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Computational Fluid Engineering Laboratory, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Eric Hoek
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California 90095-1593, United States
- Energy Storage & Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Mohtada Sadrzadeh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Advanced Water Research Lab (AWRL), University of Alberta, 10-367 Donadeo Innovation Center for Engineering, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Safronova EY, Lysova AA, Voropaeva DY, Yaroslavtsev AB. Approaches to the Modification of Perfluorosulfonic Acid Membranes. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:721. [PMID: 37623782 PMCID: PMC10456953 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13080721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Polymer ion-exchange membranes are featured in a variety of modern technologies including separation, concentration and purification of gases and liquids, chemical and electrochemical synthesis, and hydrogen power generation. In addition to transport properties, the strength, elasticity, and chemical stability of such materials are important characteristics for practical applications. Perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) membranes are characterized by an optimal combination of these properties. Today, one of the most well-known practical applications of PFSA membranes is the development of fuel cells. Some disadvantages of PFSA membranes, such as low conductivity at low humidity and high temperature limit their application. The approaches to optimization of properties are modification of commercial PFSA membranes and polymers by incorporation of different additive or pretreatment. This review summarizes the approaches to their modification, which will allow the creation of materials with a different set of functional properties, differing in ion transport (first of all proton conductivity) and selectivity, based on commercially available samples. These approaches include the use of different treatment techniques as well as the creation of hybrid materials containing dopant nanoparticles. Modification of the intrapore space of the membrane was shown to be a way of targeting the key functional properties of the membranes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Yu. Safronova
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Avenue, 31, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.L.); (D.Y.V.); (A.B.Y.)
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chandra Kishore S, Perumal S, Atchudan R, Alagan M, Wadaan MA, Baabbad A, Manoj D. Recent Advanced Synthesis Strategies for the Nanomaterial-Modified Proton Exchange Membrane in Fuel Cells. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:590. [PMID: 37367794 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13060590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen energy is converted to electricity through fuel cells, aided by nanostructured materials. Fuel cell technology is a promising method for utilizing energy sources, ensuring sustainability, and protecting the environment. However, it still faces drawbacks such as high cost, operability, and durability issues. Nanomaterials can address these drawbacks by enhancing catalysts, electrodes, and fuel cell membranes, which play a crucial role in separating hydrogen into protons and electrons. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have gained significant attention in scientific research. The primary objectives are to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, particularly in the automotive industry, and develop cost-effective methods and materials to enhance PEMFC efficiency. We provide a typical yet inclusive review of various types of proton-conducting membranes. In this review article, special focus is given to the distinctive nature of nanomaterial-filled proton-conducting membranes and their essential characteristics, including their structural, dielectric, proton transport, and thermal properties. We provide an overview of the various reported nanomaterials, such as metal oxide, carbon, and polymeric nanomaterials. Additionally, the synthesis methods in situ polymerization, solution casting, electrospinning, and layer-by-layer assembly for proton-conducting membrane preparation were analyzed. In conclusion, the way to implement the desired energy conversion application, such as a fuel cell, using a nanostructured proton-conducting membrane has been demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Somasundaram Chandra Kishore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Nagar, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Suguna Perumal
- Department of Chemistry, Sejong University, Seoul 143747, Republic of Korea
| | - Raji Atchudan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Muthulakshmi Alagan
- Center for Environmental Management Laboratory, National Institute of Technical Teachers Training and Research, Chennai 600113, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohammad Ahmad Wadaan
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Almohannad Baabbad
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Devaraj Manoj
- Department of Chemistry, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore 641021, Tamil Nadu, India
- Centre for Material Chemistry, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore 641021, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Alkandari SH, Lightfoot J, Castro-Dominguez B. Asymmetric membranes for gas separation: interfacial insights and manufacturing. RSC Adv 2023; 13:14198-14209. [PMID: 37180016 PMCID: PMC10170239 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00995e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
State-of-the-art gas separation membrane technologies combine the properties of polymers and other materials, such as metal-organic frameworks to yield mixed matrix membranes (MMM). Although, these membranes display an enhanced gas separation performance, when compared to pure polymer membranes; major challenges remain in their structure including, surface defects, uneven filler dispersion and incompatibility of constituting materials. Therefore, to avoid these structural issues posed by today's membrane manufacturing methodologies, we employed electrohydrodynamic emission and solution casting as a hybrid membrane manufacturing method, to produce ZIF-67/cellulose acetate asymmetric membranes with improved gas permeability and selectivity for CO2/N2, CO2/CH4, and O2/N2. Rigorous molecular simulations were used to reveal the key ZIF-67/cellulose acetate interfacial phenomena (e.g., higher density, chain rigidity, etc.) that must be considered when engineering optimum composite membranes. In particular, we demonstrated that the asymmetric configuration effectively leverages these interfacial features to generate membranes superior to MMM. These insights coupled with the proposed manufacturing technique can accelerate the deployment of membranes in sustainable processes such as carbon capture, hydrogen production, and natural gas upgrading.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharifah H Alkandari
- Centre for Advanced Separations Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath Bath BA2 7AY UK +44 (0)1225384946
| | - Jasmine Lightfoot
- Centre for Advanced Separations Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath Bath BA2 7AY UK +44 (0)1225384946
| | - Bernardo Castro-Dominguez
- Centre for Advanced Separations Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath Bath BA2 7AY UK +44 (0)1225384946
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Palanisamy G, Thangarasu S, Oh TH. Effect of Sulfonated Inorganic Additives Incorporated Hybrid Composite Polymer Membranes on Enhancing the Performance of Microbial Fuel Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051294. [PMID: 36904534 PMCID: PMC10006918 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) provide considerable benefits in the energy and environmental sectors for producing bioenergy during bioremediation. Recently, new hybrid composite membranes with inorganic additives have been considered for MFC application to replace the high cost of commercial membranes and improve the performances of cost-effective polymers, such as MFC membranes. The homogeneous impregnation of inorganic additives in the polymer matrix effectively enhances the physicochemical, thermal, and mechanical stabilities and prevents the crossover of substrate and oxygen through polymer membranes. However, the typical incorporation of inorganic additives in the membrane decreases the proton conductivity and ion exchange capacity. In this critical review, we systematically explained the impact of sulfonated inorganic additives (such as (sulfonated) sSiO2, sTiO2, sFe3O4, and s-graphene oxide) on different kinds of hybrid polymers (such as PFSA, PVDF, SPEEK, SPAEK, SSEBS, and PBI) membrane for MFC applications. The membrane mechanism and interaction between the polymers and sulfonated inorganic additives are explained. The impact of sulfonated inorganic additives on polymer membranes is highlighted based on the physicochemical, mechanical, and MFC performances. The core understandings in this review can provide vital direction for future development.
Collapse
|
10
|
Wei P, Huang D, Luo C, Sui Y, Li X, Liu Q, Zhu B, Cong C, Zhou Q, Meng X. High-performance sandwich-structure PI/SPEEK+HPW nanofiber composite membrane with balanced proton conductivity and stability. POLYMER 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2023.125800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
|
11
|
Cloisite- and bentonite-based stable nanocomposite membranes for enhancement of direct methanol fuel cell applications. Polym Bull (Berl) 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04637-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
12
|
Xia C, Li J, Qian Z, Xu F, Li Y, Zhu S, Qian HJ, Zhao C, Lu ZY, Yang B. Carbonized Polymer Dots Assemble in Proton-Conducting Channels to Enhance the Conductivity and Selectivity Simultaneously for High-Performance Fuel Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2205291. [PMID: 36635000 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fabricating polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) simultaneously with high ion conductivity and selectivity has always been an ultimate goal in many membrane-integrated systems for energy conversion and storage. Constructing broader ion-conducting channels usually enables high-efficient ion conductivity while often bringing increased crossover of other ions or molecules simultaneously, resulting in decreased selectivity. Here, the ultra-small carbon dots (CDs) with the selective barriers are self-assembled within proton-conducting channels of PEMs through electrostatic interaction to enhance the proton conductivity and selectivity simultaneously. The functional CDs regulate the nanophase separation of PEMs and optimize the hydration proton network enabling higher-efficient proton transport. Meanwhile, the CDs within proton-conducting channels prevent fuel from permeating selectively due to their repelling and spatial hindrance against fuel molecules, resulting in highly enhanced selectivity. Benefiting from the improved conductivity and selectivity, the open-circuit voltage and maximum power density of the direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) equipped with the hybrid membranes raised by 23% and 93%, respectively. This work brings new insight to optimize polymer membranes for efficient and selective transport of ions or small molecules, solving the trade-off of conductivity and selectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Jialin Li
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Institute, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Fengrui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yunfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Shoujun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Hu-Jun Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Chengji Zhao
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Institute, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Yuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Bai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wu L, Kang Y, Deng Y, Yang F, He R, Yu XF. Long-Term Antifogging Coating Based on Black Phosphorus Hybrid Super-Hydrophilic Polymer Hetero-Network. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:86. [PMID: 36615996 PMCID: PMC9824178 DOI: 10.3390/nano13010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The antifogging coating based on super-hydrophilic polymer is regarded as the most promising strategy to avoid fogging but suffers from short-term effectiveness due to antifogging failure induced by water invasion. In this study, a black phosphorus nanosheets (BPs) hybrid polymer hetero-network coating (PUA/PAHS/BPs HN) was prepared by UV curing for the first time to achieve long-term antifogging performance. The polymer hetero-network (HN) structure was composed of two novel cross-linked acrylic resin and polyurethane acrylate. Different from physical blending, a covalent P-C bond between BPs and polymer is generated by UV initiated free radical reaction, resulting in BPs firmly embedded in the polymer HN structure. The BPs enriched on the coating surface by UV regulating migration prevent permeation of water towards the inside of the coating through its own good water-based lubricity and water absorption capacity. Compared with the nonhybrid polymer HN, PUA/PAHS/BPs HN not only has higher hardness and better friction resistance properties, but also exhibits superior water resistance and longer antifogging duration. Since water invasion was greatly reduced by BPs, the PUA/PAHS/BPs HN coating maintained antifogging duration for 60 min under a 60 °C water vapor test and still maintained long-term antifogging performance after being immersed in water for 5 days.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lie Wu
- Materials Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yihong Kang
- Materials Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuhao Deng
- Materials Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Materials Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Rui He
- Materials Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xue-Feng Yu
- Materials Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory, Yichang 443007, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Agyekum EB, Ampah JD, Wilberforce T, Afrane S, Nutakor C. Research Progress, Trends, and Current State of Development on PEMFC-New Insights from a Bibliometric Analysis and Characteristics of Two Decades of Research Output. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:1103. [PMID: 36363658 PMCID: PMC9698372 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12111103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The consumption of hydrogen could increase by sixfold in 2050 compared to 2020 levels, reaching about 530 Mt. Against this backdrop, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) has been a major research area in the field of energy engineering. Several reviews have been provided in the existing corpus of literature on PEMFC, but questions related to their evolutionary nuances and research hotspots remain largely unanswered. To fill this gap, the current review uses bibliometric analysis to analyze PEMFC articles indexed in the Scopus database that were published between 2000-2021. It has been revealed that the research field is growing at an annual average growth rate of 19.35%, with publications from 2016 to 2012 alone making up 46% of the total articles available since 2000. As the two most energy-consuming economies in the world, the contributions made towards the progress of PEMFC research have largely been from China and the US. From the research trend found in this investigation, it is clear that the focus of the researchers in the field has largely been to improve the performance and efficiency of PEMFC and its components, which is evident from dominating keywords or phrases such as 'oxygen reduction reaction', 'electrocatalysis', 'proton exchange membrane', 'gas diffusion layer', 'water management', 'polybenzimidazole', 'durability', and 'bipolar plate'. We anticipate that the provision of the research themes that have emerged in the PEMFC field in the last two decades from the scientific mapping technique will guide existing and prospective researchers in the field going forward.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ephraim Bonah Agyekum
- Department of Nuclear and Renewable Energy, Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia Boris Yeltsin, 19 Mira Street, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Jeffrey Dankwa Ampah
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Tabbi Wilberforce
- Mechanical Engineering and Design, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Sandylove Afrane
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Christabel Nutakor
- Department of Biochemistry and Forensic Science, C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Navrongo P.O. Box 24, Ghana
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Agudelo NA, Echeverri-Cuartas CE, López BL. Composite Membranes Based on Functionalized Mesostructured Cellular Foam Particles and Sulfonated Poly(Ether Ether Sulfone) with Potential Application in Fuel Cells. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:1075. [PMID: 36363630 PMCID: PMC9692639 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12111075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Composite polymeric membranes were designed based on sulfonated poly(ether ether sulfone) (sPEES) and mesostructured cellular foam (MCF) silica nanoparticles functionalized with organic compounds. Parameters such as molecular weight (MW) of the polymer, nature of the functional group of the MCF silica, and percentage of silica charge were evaluated on the final properties of the membranes. Composite membrane characterization was carried out on their water retention capacity (high MW polymer between 20-46% and for the low MW between 20-60%), ion exchange capacity (IEC) (high MW polymer between 0.02 mmol/g-0.07 mmol/g and low MW between 0.03-0.09 mmol/g) and proton conductivity (high MW polymer molecular between 15-70 mS/cm and low MW between 0.1-150 mS/cm). Finally, the membrane prepared with the low molecular weight polymer and 3% wt. of functionalized silica with sulfonic groups exhibited results similar to Nafion® 117.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia A. Agudelo
- Grupo de Investigación e Innovación en Formulaciones Químicas/Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias Básicas, Universidad EIA, Calle 23 AA Sur Nro. 5-200, Kilómetro 2+200 Variante al Aeropuerto José María Córdova, Envigado 055428, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Claudia E. Echeverri-Cuartas
- Grupo de Investigación en Ingeniería Biomédica (GIBEC)/Escuela de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad EIA, Calle 23 AA Sur Nro. 5-200, Kilómetro 2+200 Variante al Aeropuerto José María Córdova, Envigado 055428, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Betty L. López
- Grupo de Ciencia de los Materiales/Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Dirección: calle 67 No. 53-108, Medellín 050004, Antioquia, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Prakash O, Tiwari S, Maiti P. Fluoropolymers and Their Nanohybrids As Energy Materials: Application to Fuel Cells and Energy Harvesting. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:34718-34740. [PMID: 36211045 PMCID: PMC9535728 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The current review article provides deep insight into the fluoropolymers and their applications in energy technology, especially in the field of energy harvesting and the development of fuel cell electrolyte polymeric membranes. Fluoropolymers have gained wide attention in the field of energy applications due to their versatile properties. The incorporation of nanofillers within the fluoropolymer to develop the nanohybrid results in an enhancement in the properties, like thermal, mechanical, gas permeation, different fuel cross-over phenomena through the membrane, hydrophilic/hydrophobic nature, ion transport, and piezo-electric properties for fabricating energy devices. The properties of nanohybrid materials/membranes are influenced by several factors, such as type of filler, their size, amount of filler, level of dispersion, surface acidity, shape, and formation of networking within the polymer matrix. Fluoropolymer-based nanohybrids have replaced several commercial materials due to their chemical inertness, better efficacy, and durability. The addition of certain electroactive fillers in the polymer matrix enhances the polar phase, which enhances the applicability of the hybrid for fuel cell and energy-harvesting applications. Poly(vinylidene fluoride) is one of the remarkable fluoropolymers in the field of energy applications such as fuel cell and piezoelectric energy harvesting. In the present review, a detailed discussion of the different kinds of nanofillers and their role in energy harvesting and fuel cell electrolyte membranes is projected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Om Prakash
- Kashi
Naresh Government PG College Gyanpur, Bhadohi 221304, India
| | - Shivam Tiwari
- School
of the Materials Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Pralay Maiti
- School
of the Materials Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Investigating the performance of functionalized and pristine graphene oxide impregnated Nexar™ nanocomposite membranes for PEM fuel cell. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2022.100346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
18
|
Nitrogen Dense Distributions of Imidazole Grafted Dipyridyl Polybenzimidazole for a High Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14132621. [PMID: 35808666 PMCID: PMC9269216 DOI: 10.3390/polym14132621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of basic groups in the polybenzimidazole (PBI) main chain or side chain with low phosphoric acid doping is an effective way to avoid the trade-off between proton conductivity and mechanical strength for high temperature proton exchange membrane (HT-PEM). In this study, the ethyl imidazole is grafted on the side chain of the PBI containing bipyridine in the main chain and blended with poly(2,2′-[p-oxydiphenylene]-5,5′-benzimidazole) (OPBI) to obtain a series of PBI composite membranes for HT-PEMs. The effects of the introduction of bipyridine in the main chain and the ethyl imidazole in the side chain on proton transport are investigated. The result suggests that the introduction of the imidazole and bipyridine group can effectively improve the comprehensive properties as HT-PEM. The highest of proton conductivity of the obtained membranes under saturated phosphoric acid (PA) doping can be up to 0.105 S cm−1 at 160 °C and the maximum output power density is 836 mW cm−2 at 160 °C, which is 2.3 times that of the OPBI membrane. Importantly, even at low acid doping content (~178%), the tensile strength of the membrane is 22.2 MPa, which is nearly 2 times that of the OPBI membrane, the proton conductivity of the membrane achieves 0.054 S cm−1 at 160 °C, which is 2.3 times that of the OPBI membrane, and the maximum output power density of a single cell is 540 mW cm−2 at 160 °C, which is 1.5 times that of the OPBI membrane. The results suggest that the introduction of a large number of nitrogen-containing sites in the main chain and side chain is an efficient way to improve the proton conductivity, even at a low PA doping level.
Collapse
|
19
|
Das G, Choi JH, Nguyen PKT, Kim DJ, Yoon YS. Anion Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cell Application: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:1197. [PMID: 35335528 PMCID: PMC8955432 DOI: 10.3390/polym14061197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The fuel cell industry is the most promising industry in terms of the advancement of clean and safe technologies for sustainable energy generation. The polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell is divided into two parts: anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) and proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). In the case of PEMFCs, high-power density was secured and research and development for commercialization have made significant progress. However, there are technical limitations and high-cost issues for the use of precious metal catalysts including Pt, the durability of catalysts, bipolar plates, and membranes, and the use of hydrogen to ensure system stability. On the contrary, AEMFCs have been used as low-platinum or non-platinum catalysts and have a low activation energy of oxygen reduction reaction, so many studies have been conducted to find alternatives to overcome the problems of PEMFCs in the last decade. At the core of ensuring the power density of AEMFCs is the anion exchange membrane (AEM) which is less durable and less conductive than the cation exchange membrane. AEMFCs are a promising technology that can solve the high-cost problem of PEMFCs that have reached technological saturation and overcome technical limitations. This review focuses on the various aspects of AEMs for AEMFCs application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Das
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Ji-Hyeok Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
| | - Phan Khanh Thinh Nguyen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea;
| | - Dong-Joo Kim
- Materials Research and Education Center, Auburn University, 275 Wilmore Labs, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Young Soo Yoon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yigen B, Kassim Ali M, Karatas B, Alkan Gürsel S, Karatas Y. Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(m‐tolyloxy‐co‐4‐pyridinoxy phosphazene)s and their Application as Proton Exchange Membranes. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Burak Yigen
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Arts and Sciences Kirsehir Ahi Evran University Department, Bagbasi Campus Kirsehir 40100 Turkey
| | - Mariamu Kassim Ali
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Sabanci University Istanbul 34956 Turkey
| | - Betul Karatas
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Arts and Sciences Kirsehir Ahi Evran University Department, Bagbasi Campus Kirsehir 40100 Turkey
| | - Selmiye Alkan Gürsel
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Sabanci University Istanbul 34956 Turkey
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM) Sabanci University Istanbul 34956 Turkey
| | - Yunus Karatas
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Arts and Sciences Kirsehir Ahi Evran University Department, Bagbasi Campus Kirsehir 40100 Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhao D, Ru J, Wang T, Wang Y, Chang L. Performance Enhancement of Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite Actuators with Polyethylene Oxide. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 14:80. [PMID: 35012104 PMCID: PMC8747705 DOI: 10.3390/polym14010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Current ionic polymer-metal composite (IPMC) always proves inadequate in terms of large attenuation and short working time in air due to water leakage. To address this problem, a feasible and effective solution was proposed in this study to enhance IPMC performance operating in air by doping polyethylene oxide (PEO) with superior water retention capacity into Nafion membrane. The investigation of physical characteristics of membranes blended with varying PEO contents revealed that PEO/Nafion membrane with 20 wt% PEO exhibited a homogeneous internal structure and a high water uptake ratio. At the same time, influences of PEO contents on electromechanical properties of IPMCs were studied, showing that the IPMCs with 20 wt% PEO presented the largest peak-to-peak displacement, the highest volumetric work density, and prolonged stable working time. It was demonstrated that doping PEO reinforced electromechanical performances and restrained displacement attenuation of the resultant IPMC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongxu Zhao
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China;
| | - Jie Ru
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry and Applications, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China
| | - Tong Wang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China;
| | - Yanjie Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Special Robot Technology, Hohai University—Changzhou, Changzhou 213022, China;
| | - Longfei Chang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Aerospace Structural Parts Forming Technology and Equipment, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China;
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Mukherjee N, Das A, Dhara M, Jana T. Surface initiated RAFT polymerization to synthesize N-heterocyclic block copolymer grafted silica nanofillers for improving PEM properties. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
23
|
Khoo KS, Chia WY, Wang K, Chang CK, Leong HY, Maaris MNB, Show PL. Development of proton-exchange membrane fuel cell with ionic liquid technology. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 793:148705. [PMID: 34328982 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fuel cells (FCs) are a chemical fuel device which can directly convert chemical energy into electrical energy, also known as electrochemical generator. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are one of the most appealing FC systems that have been broadly developed in recent years. Due to the poor conductivity of electrolyte membrane used in traditional PEMFC, its operation at higher temperature is greatly limited. The incorporation of ionic liquids (ILs) which is widely regarded as a greener alternative compared to traditional solvents in the proton exchange membrane electrolyte shows great potential in high temperature PEMFCs (HT-PEMFCs). This review provides insights in the latest progress of utilizing ILs as an electrochemical electrolyte in PEMFCs. Besides, electrolyte membranes that are constructed by ILs combined with polybenzimidazole (PBI) have many benefits such as better thermal stability, improved mechanical properties, and higher proton conductivity. The current review aims to investigate the newest development and existing issues of ILs research in electrolyte and material selection, system fabrication method, synthesis of ILs, and experimental techniques. The evaluation of life cycle analysis, commercialization, and greenness of ILs are also discussed. Hence, this review provides insights to material scientists and develops interest of wider community, promoting the use of ILs to meet energy challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Broga Road, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Wen Yi Chia
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Broga Road, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Kexin Wang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Broga Road, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Chih-Kai Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, No. 135, Yuan-Tung Road, Chungli, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - Hui Yi Leong
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Muhammad Nasrulhazim Bin Maaris
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Broga Road, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Broga Road, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ali N, Ali F, Said A, Khurshid S, Sheikh ZA, Ali U, Nguyen‐Tri P, Bilal M. Synthesis of clay‐armored coatable sulfonated polyimide nanocomposites as robust polyelectrolyte membranes. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nisar Ali
- Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Centre for Deep Utilization Technology of Rock‐salt Resource, Faculty of Chemical Engineering Huaiyin Institute of Technology Huaian China
- Department of Chemistry Hazara University Mansehra Pakistan
| | - Farman Ali
- Department of Chemistry Hazara University Mansehra Pakistan
| | - Amir Said
- Department of Chemistry Hazara University Mansehra Pakistan
| | - Sania Khurshid
- Department of Chemistry Hazara University Mansehra Pakistan
| | | | - Usman Ali
- Department of Chemistry Hazara University Mansehra Pakistan
| | - Phuong Nguyen‐Tri
- Département de Chimie, Biochimie et Physique Université du Québec à Trois–Rivières (UQTR) Trois–Rivières Quebec Canada
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering Huaiyin Institute of Technology Huai'an China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Li X, Nayak K, Stamm M, Tripathi BP. Zwitterionic silica nanogel-modified polysulfone nanoporous membranes formed by in-situ method for water treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 280:130615. [PMID: 33965864 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report a simple methodology to prepare nano-porous polysulfone membranes using zwitterionic functionalized silica nanogels with high BSA protein rejection and antifouling properties. The zwitterionic silica precursor was prepared by reacting 1,3-propane sultone with 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane under an inert atmosphere. The precursor was in situ hydrolyzed and condensed in the polysulfone nanoporous membrane network by one-pot acidic phase inversion. The prepared membranes were characterized to establish their physicochemical nature, morphology, and basic membrane properties such as permeation, rejection, and recovery. The zwitterionic membranes showed improved hydrophilicity, membrane water uptake (∼83.5%), water permeation, BSA protein rejection (>95%), and dye rejection (congo red: >52% (∼6-fold increase); methylene blue: ∼15% (∼2-fold increase)) were improved without compromising the membrane flux and fouling resistance. Overall, we report an easy fabrication method of efficient nanocomposite zwitterionic ultrafilter membranes for water treatment with excellent flux, protein separation, filtration efficiency, and antifouling behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiao Li
- Department of Nanostructured Materials, Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Hohe Straße 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany; Technische Universität Dresden, Department of Chemistry, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kanupriya Nayak
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Manfred Stamm
- Department of Nanostructured Materials, Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Hohe Straße 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany; Technische Universität Dresden, Department of Chemistry, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Bijay P Tripathi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yin B, Liang R, Liang X, Fu D, Wang L, Sun G. Construction of Stable Wide-Temperature-Range Proton Exchange Membranes by Incorporating a Carbonized Metal-Organic Frame into Polybenzimidazoles and Polyacrylamide Hydrogels. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2103214. [PMID: 34590404 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202103214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are promising devices for clean power generation in fuel cell electric vehicles applications. The further request of high-efficiency and cost competitive technology make high-temperature proton exchange membranes utilizing phosphoric acid-doped polybenzimidazole be favored because they can work well up to 180 °C without extra humidifier. However, they face quick loss of phosphoric acid below 120 °C and resulting in the limits of commercialization. Herein UiO-66 derived carbon (porous carbon-ZrO2 ), comprising branched poly(4,4'-diphenylether-5,5'-bibenzimidazole) and polyacrylamide hydrogels self-assembly (BHC1-4) membranes for wide-temperature-range operation (80-160 °C) is presented. These two-phase membranes contained the hygroscopicity of polyacrylamide hydrogels improve the low-temperature proton conductivity, relatively enable the membrane to function at 80 °C. An excellent cell performance of BHC2 membrane with high peak power density of 265 and 656 mW cm-2 at both 80 and 160 °C can be achieved. Furthermore, this membrane exhibits high stability of frequency cold start-ups (from room temperature to 80 °C) and long-term cell test at 160 °C. The improvement of cell performance and stability of BHC2 membrane indicate a progress of breaking operated temperature limit in existing PEMFCs systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bibo Yin
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Rui Liang
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Xiaoxu Liang
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Duo Fu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Guoxing Sun
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Enhanced electrochemical performance of olive stones-derived activated carbon by silica coating for supercapacitor applications. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-021-01623-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
28
|
Shanmugam S, Ketpang K, Aziz MA, Oh K, Lee K, Son B, Chanunpanich N. Composite polymer electrolyte membrane decorated with porous titanium oxide nanotubes for fuel cell operating under low relative humidity. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
29
|
Dhiman R, Kiran V, Gaur B, Singha AS. Impact of PVA modified sulfonated poly (arylene ether ketone) copolymers as proton exchange membranes on fuel cell parameters. J CHEM SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-021-01905-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
30
|
Simari C, Nicotera I, Aricò AS, Baglio V, Lufrano F. New Insights into Properties of Methanol Transport in Sulfonated Polysulfone Composite Membranes for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13091386. [PMID: 33923207 PMCID: PMC8123112 DOI: 10.3390/polym13091386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Methanol crossover through a polymer electrolyte membrane has numerous negative effects on direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) because it decreases the cell voltage due to a mixed potential (occurrence of both oxygen reduction and methanol oxidation reactions) at the cathode, lowers the overall fuel utilization and contributes to long-term membrane degradation. In this work, an investigation of methanol transport properties of composite membranes based on sulfonated polysulfone (sPSf) and modified silica filler is carried out using the PFG-NMR technique, mainly focusing on high methanol concentration (i.e., 5 M). The influence of methanol crossover on the performance of DMFCs equipped with low-cost sPSf-based membranes operating with 5 M methanol solution at the anode is studied, with particular emphasis on the composite membrane approach. Using a surface-modified-silica filler into composite membranes based on sPSf allows reducing methanol cross-over of 50% compared with the pristine membrane, making it a good candidate to be used as polymer electrolyte for high energy DMFCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cataldo Simari
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy;
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (F.L.)
| | - Isabella Nicotera
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy;
| | - Antonino Salvatore Aricò
- CNR-ITAE, Istituto di Tecnologie Avanzate per l’Energia “Nicola Giordano”, Via Salita S. Lucia sopra Contesse n., 5-98126 S. Lucia-Messina, Italy; (A.S.A.); (V.B.)
| | - Vincenzo Baglio
- CNR-ITAE, Istituto di Tecnologie Avanzate per l’Energia “Nicola Giordano”, Via Salita S. Lucia sopra Contesse n., 5-98126 S. Lucia-Messina, Italy; (A.S.A.); (V.B.)
| | - Francesco Lufrano
- CNR-ITAE, Istituto di Tecnologie Avanzate per l’Energia “Nicola Giordano”, Via Salita S. Lucia sopra Contesse n., 5-98126 S. Lucia-Messina, Italy; (A.S.A.); (V.B.)
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (F.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Huang W, Li B, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Chen S, Fu Y, Yan T, Ma H. In Situ-Doped Superacid in the Covalent Triazine Framework Membrane for Anhydrous Proton Conduction in a Wide Temperature Range from Subzero to Elevated Temperature. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:13604-13612. [PMID: 33719388 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c01134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of solid-state proton-conducting membranes with low activation energy and high proton conductivity under anhydrous conditions is a great challenge. Here, we show a simple and convenient way to prepare covalent triazine framework membranes (CTF-Mx) with acid in situ doping for anhydrous proton conduction in a wide temperature range from subzero to elevated temperature (160 °C). The low proton dissociation energy and continuous hydrogen bond network in CTF-Mx make the membrane achieve high proton conductivity from 1.21×10-3 S cm-1 (-40 °C) to 2.08×10-2 S cm-1 (160 °C) under anhydrous conditions. Molecular dynamics and proton relaxation time analyses reveal proton hopping at low activation energies with greatly enhanced mobility in the CTF membranes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yue Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Wenxiang Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Shuhui Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yu Fu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Tong Yan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Heping Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Guo J, Zhang Y, Jin S, Ye X, Hu K, Xu W, Wang D. Syntheses and structural characterization of eight inorganic-organic hybrid solids based on N-Brønsted bases and halometallates of Zn, Cu, Sb and Bi. INORG NANO-MET CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/24701556.2021.1897137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahua Guo
- Jiyang college, Zhejiang A & F University, Zhu'ji, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Utilization of Forestry Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuqi Zhang
- Jiyang college, Zhejiang A & F University, Zhu'ji, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Utilization of Forestry Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shouwen Jin
- Jiyang college, Zhejiang A & F University, Zhu'ji, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Utilization of Forestry Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoyun Ye
- Jiyang college, Zhejiang A & F University, Zhu'ji, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Utilization of Forestry Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kaikai Hu
- Jiyang college, Zhejiang A & F University, Zhu'ji, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Utilization of Forestry Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiqiang Xu
- Jiyang college, Zhejiang A & F University, Zhu'ji, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Utilization of Forestry Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang, China
| | - Daqi Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Fabrication, morphological, structural and electrochemical characterization of sulfonated polyimide/clay-based hybrid nanocomposite membranes for energy application. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-020-02306-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
34
|
Liu L, Pu Y, Lu Y, Li N, Hu Z, Chen S. Superacid sulfated SnO2 doped with CeO2: A novel inorganic filler to simultaneously enhance conductivity and stabilities of proton exchange membrane. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
35
|
Deng C, Webb MA, Bennington P, Sharon D, Nealey PF, Patel SN, de Pablo JJ. Role of Molecular Architecture on Ion Transport in Ethylene oxide-Based Polymer Electrolytes. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuting Deng
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 S Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Michael A. Webb
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, 41 Olden Street, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Peter Bennington
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 S Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Daniel Sharon
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 S Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Paul F. Nealey
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 S Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Shrayesh N. Patel
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 S Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Juan J. de Pablo
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 S Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Eco-friendly polyelectrolyte nanocomposite membranes based on chitosan and sulfonated chitin nanowhiskers for fuel cell applications. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-020-00895-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
37
|
Koyilapu R, Subhadarshini S, Singha S, Jana T. An in-situ RAFT polymerization technique for the preparation of poly(N-vinyl imidazole) modified Cloisite nanoclay to develop nanocomposite PEM. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
38
|
Liu S, Guo R, Li C, Lu C, Yang G, Wang F, Nie J, Ma C, Gao M. POSS hybrid hydrogels: A brief review of synthesis, properties and applications. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.110180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
39
|
Mahato N, Jang H, Dhyani A, Cho S. Recent Progress in Conducting Polymers for Hydrogen Storage and Fuel Cell Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2480. [PMID: 33114547 PMCID: PMC7693427 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen is a clean fuel and an abundant renewable energy resource. In recent years, huge scientific attention has been invested to invent suitable materials for its safe storage. Conducting polymers has been extensively investigated as a potential hydrogen storage and fuel cell membrane due to the low cost, ease of synthesis and processability to achieve the desired morphological and microstructural architecture, ease of doping and composite formation, chemical stability and functional properties. The review presents the recent progress in the direction of material selection, modification to achieve appropriate morphology and adsorbent properties, chemical and thermal stabilities. Polyaniline is the most explored material for hydrogen storage. Polypyrrole and polythiophene has also been explored to some extent. Activated carbons derived from conducting polymers have shown the highest specific surface area and significant storage. This review also covers recent advances in the field of proton conducting solid polymer electrolyte membranes in fuel cells application. This review focuses on the basic structure, synthesis and working mechanisms of the polymer materials and critically discusses their relative merits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neelima Mahato
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (N.M.); (H.J.)
| | - Hyeji Jang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (N.M.); (H.J.)
| | - Archana Dhyani
- Department of Applied Sciences, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India;
| | - Sunghun Cho
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (N.M.); (H.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Aili D, Henkensmeier D, Martin S, Singh B, Hu Y, Jensen JO, Cleemann LN, Li Q. Polybenzimidazole-Based High-Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells: New Insights and Recent Progress. ELECTROCHEM ENERGY R 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s41918-020-00080-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
41
|
Sizov VE, Zefirov VV, Abramchuk SS, Korlyukov AA, Kondratenko MS, Vasil'ev VG, Gallyamov MO. Composite Nafion-based membranes with nanosized tungsten oxides prepared in supercritical carbon dioxide. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
42
|
Development of a Chitosan/PVA/TiO 2 Nanocomposite for Application as a Solid Polymeric Electrolyte in Fuel Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12081691. [PMID: 32751167 PMCID: PMC7464576 DOI: 10.3390/polym12081691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of the incorporation of nanoparticles of titanium oxide (TiO2) at a concentration between 1000 and 50,000 ppm on the physicochemical and mechanical properties of a polymer matrix formed from a binary mixture of chitosan (CS) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) at a ratio of 80:20 and the possibility of its use as a solid polymeric electrolyte were evaluated. With the mixture of the precursors, a membrane was formed with the solvent evaporation technique (casting). It was found that the incorporation of the nanoparticles affected the moisture absorption of the material; the samples with the highest concentrations displayed predominantly hydrophobic behavior, while the samples with the lowest content displayed absorption values of 90%. Additionally, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed relatively low dehydration in the materials that contained low concentrations of filler; moreover, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that the nanoparticles did not significantly affect the thermal transitions (Tg and Tm) of the compound. The ionic conductivity of the compound with a relatively low concentration of 1000 ppm TiO2 nanoparticles was determined by complex impedance spectroscopy. The membranes doped with a 4 M KOH solution demonstrated an increase in conductivity of two orders of magnitude, reaching values of 10−6 S·cm−1 at room temperature in previously dried samples, compared to that of the undoped samples, while their activation energy was reduced by 50% with respect to that of the undoped samples. The voltage–current test in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) indicated an energy efficiency of 17% and an open circuit voltage of 1.0 V for the undoped compound, and these results were comparable to those obtained for the commercial membrane product Nafion® 117 in evaluations performed under conditions of 90% moisture saturation. However, the tests indicated a low current density in the undoped compound.
Collapse
|
43
|
Pan B, Jia T, Duan X, Zhong Z, Bai G, Che Q. Investigation on carbon nanotube oxide for anhydrous proton exchange membranes application. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Pan
- Department of Chemistry, College of SciencesNortheastern University Shenyang 110819 China
| | - Tingting Jia
- Department of Chemistry, College of SciencesNortheastern University Shenyang 110819 China
| | - Xiangqing Duan
- Department of Chemistry, College of SciencesNortheastern University Shenyang 110819 China
| | - Zhixuan Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, College of SciencesNortheastern University Shenyang 110819 China
| | - Guosheng Bai
- Department of Chemistry, College of SciencesNortheastern University Shenyang 110819 China
| | - Quantong Che
- Department of Chemistry, College of SciencesNortheastern University Shenyang 110819 China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Pandey RP, Rasheed PA, Gomez T, Azam RS, Mahmoud KA. A fouling-resistant mixed-matrix nanofiltration membrane based on covalently cross-linked Ti3C2TX (MXene)/cellulose acetate. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
45
|
Zhang J, Aili D, Lu S, Li Q, Jiang SP. Advancement toward Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells at Elevated Temperatures. RESEARCH 2020; 2020:9089405. [PMID: 32566932 PMCID: PMC7298353 DOI: 10.34133/2020/9089405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Elevation of operational temperatures of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) has been demonstrated with phosphoric acid-doped polybenzimidazole (PA/PBI) membranes. The technical perspective of the technology is simplified construction and operation with possible integration with, e.g., methanol reformers. Toward this target, significant efforts have been made to develop acid-base polymer membranes, inorganic proton conductors, and organic-inorganic composite materials. This report is devoted to updating the recent progress of the development particularly of acid-doped PBI, phosphate-based solid inorganic proton conductors, and their composite electrolytes. Long-term stability of PBI membranes has been well documented, however, at typical temperatures of 160°C. Inorganic proton-conducting materials, e.g., alkali metal dihydrogen phosphates, heteropolyacids, tetravalent metal pyrophosphates, and phosphosilicates, exhibit significant proton conductivity at temperatures of up to 300°C but have so far found limited applications in the form of thin films. Composite membranes of PBI and phosphates, particularly in situ formed phosphosilicates in the polymer matrix, showed exceptionally stable conductivity at temperatures well above 200°C. Fuel cell tests at up to 260°C are reported operational with good tolerance of up to 16% CO in hydrogen, fast kinetics for direct methanol oxidation, and feasibility of nonprecious metal catalysts. The prospect and future exploration of new proton conductors based on phosphate immobilization and fuel cell technologies at temperatures above 200°C are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Energy Materials and Devices & School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - David Aili
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej 310, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Shanfu Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Energy Materials and Devices & School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qingfeng Li
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej 310, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - San Ping Jiang
- Fuels and Energy Technology Institute & WA School of Mines: Minerals, Energy and Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, WA6102, Perth, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Altaf F, Batool R, Gill R, Shabir MA, Drexler M, Alamgir F, Abbas G, Sabir A, Jacob KI. Novel N-p-carboxy benzyl chitosan/poly (vinyl alcohol/functionalized zeolite mixed matrix membranes for DMFC applications. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 237:116111. [PMID: 32241453 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The novel N-p-carboxy benzyl chitosan (CBC)/ poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) based mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) filled with surface-modified zeolite have been prepared using the dissolution casting technique. The applicability of prepared MMMs for direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) was investigated in terms of water uptake, methanol permeation, and proton conductivity by changing filler content (10-50 wt. %). The zeolite was modified by silane coupling agent, 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTMS). The resultant modified zeolite (MZ) was incorporated into CBC/PVA blend to obtain mixed matrix PEMs. The functional group, structural properties, morphological and topographical investigation of MMMs were examined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) respectively. The prepared MMMs exhibited a remarkable decrease in methanol permeability of 2.3 × 10-7 cm2/s with C-CPMZ50. The maximum value of proton conductivity of 0.0527 Scm-1, was shown by C-CMPZ10. The prepared PEMs also displayed good stability during long term operating time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faizah Altaf
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, North Avenue, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA; Department of Physics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Rida Batool
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, North Avenue, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA; Department of Physics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Rohama Gill
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan
| | | | - Matthew Drexler
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, North Avenue, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Faisal Alamgir
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, North Avenue, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Ghazanfar Abbas
- Department of Physics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Aneela Sabir
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Technology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Karl I Jacob
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, North Avenue, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Enhancing medium/high temperature proton conductivity of poly(benzimidazole)-based proton exchange membrane via blending with poly(vinyl imidazole-co-vinyl phosphonic acid) copolymer: Proton conductivity-copolymer microstructure relationship. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
48
|
Chu W, Webb MA, Deng C, Colón YJ, Kambe Y, Krishnan S, Nealey PF, de Pablo JJ. Understanding Ion Mobility in P2VP/NMP+I– Polymer Electrolytes: A Combined Simulation and Experimental Study. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Chu
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Michael A. Webb
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Chuting Deng
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Yamil J. Colón
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Yu Kambe
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 70439, United States
| | - Satya Krishnan
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Paul F. Nealey
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 70439, United States
| | - Juan J. de Pablo
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 70439, United States
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Zou Z, Li Y, Lu Z, Wang D, Cui Y, Guo B, Li Y, Liang X, Feng J, Li H, Nan CW, Armand M, Chen L, Xu K, Shi S. Mobile Ions in Composite Solids. Chem Rev 2020; 120:4169-4221. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheyi Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yajie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Ziheng Lu
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Da Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yanhua Cui
- Institute of Electronic Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621000, China
| | - Bingkun Guo
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yuanji Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jiwen Feng
- Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hong Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ce-Wen Nan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Michel Armand
- Electrical Energy Storage Department, CIC Energigune, Parque Technológico de Álava, C/Albert Einstein 48, E-01510 Miñano, Àlava, Spain
| | - Liquan Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Kang Xu
- Energy Storage Branch, Energy and Biotechnology Division, Sensor and Electronics Directorate, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, 2800 Powder Mill Road, Adelphi, Maryland 20783-1197, United States
| | - Siqi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Shang J, Zhong S, Zhao Y, Wang B, Gao Y, Xiang W, Cui X. Preparation of chitosan‐modified core–shell SiO
2
‐acidic polymer multiple crosslinked membranes. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing‐Ran Shang
- College of Resources and EnvironmentJilin Agricultural University Changchun 130118 People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang‐Ling Zhong
- College of Resources and EnvironmentJilin Agricultural University Changchun 130118 People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Zhao
- College of Resources and EnvironmentJilin Agricultural University Changchun 130118 People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Wang
- College of Resources and EnvironmentJilin Agricultural University Changchun 130118 People's Republic of China
| | - Yu‐Shan Gao
- College of Resources and EnvironmentJilin Agricultural University Changchun 130118 People's Republic of China
| | - Wen‐Tao Xiang
- College of Resources and EnvironmentJilin Agricultural University Changchun 130118 People's Republic of China
| | - Xue‐Jun Cui
- College of ChemistryJilin University Changchun 130012 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|