1
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Vande Ryse R, Van Osta M, Gruyaert M, Oosterlinck M, Kalácska Á, Edeleva M, Pille F, D’hooge DR, Cardon L, De Baets P. Playing with Low Amounts of Expanded Graphite for Melt-Processed Polyamide and Copolyester Nanocomposites to Achieve Control of Mechanical, Tribological, Thermal and Dielectric Properties. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:606. [PMID: 38607140 PMCID: PMC11013309 DOI: 10.3390/nano14070606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Polyamide 11 (PA11) and copolyester (TPC-E) were compounded through melt extrusion with low levels (below 10%) of expanded graphite (EG), aiming at the manufacturing of a thermally and electrically conductive composite resistant to friction and with acceptable mechanical properties. Thermal characterisation showed that the EG presence had no influence on the onset degradation temperature or melting temperature. While the specific density of the produced composite materials increased linearly with increasing levels of EG, the tensile modulus and flexural modulus showed a significant increase already at the introduction of 1 wt% EG. However, the elongation at break decreased significantly for higher loadings, which is typical for composite materials. We observed the increase in the dielectric and thermal conductivity, and the dissipated power displayed a much larger increase where high frequencies (e.g., 10 GHz) were taken into account. The tribological results showed significant changes at 4 wt% for the PA11 composite and 6 wt% for the TPC-E composite. Morphological analysis of the wear surfaces indicated that the main wear mechanism changed from abrasive wear to adhesive wear, which contributes to the enhanced wear resistance of the developed materials. Overall, we manufactured new composite materials with enhanced dielectric properties and superior wear resistance while maintaining good processability, specifically upon using 4-6 wt% of EG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Vande Ryse
- Centre for Polymer and Material Technologies (CPMT), Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 130, 9052 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Michiel Van Osta
- Internet Technology and Data Science Lab (IDLab), Department of Information Technology (INTEC), Ghent University—imec, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 126, 9052 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Mounia Gruyaert
- Department of Large Animal Surgery, Anaesthesia and Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; (M.G.); (F.P.)
| | - Maarten Oosterlinck
- Department of Large Animal Surgery, Anaesthesia and Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; (M.G.); (F.P.)
| | - Ádám Kalácska
- Soete Laboratory, Department of Electromechanical, Systems and Metal Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 46, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (Á.K.); (P.D.B.)
| | - Mariya Edeleva
- Centre for Polymer and Material Technologies (CPMT), Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 130, 9052 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Frederik Pille
- Department of Large Animal Surgery, Anaesthesia and Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; (M.G.); (F.P.)
| | - Dagmar R. D’hooge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 125, 9052 Ghent, Belgium;
- Centre for Textiles Science and Engineering (CTSE), Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 70A, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ludwig Cardon
- Centre for Polymer and Material Technologies (CPMT), Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 130, 9052 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Patrick De Baets
- Soete Laboratory, Department of Electromechanical, Systems and Metal Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 46, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (Á.K.); (P.D.B.)
- Flanders Make @ UGent-Core Lab MIRO, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Systems and Component Design, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Royal Institute of Technology KTH, Lindstedtvägen 3, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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Liang X, Liu H, Fujinami S, Ito M, Nakajima K. Simultaneous Visualization of Microscopic Conductivity and Deformation in Conductive Elastomers. ACS NANO 2024; 18:3438-3446. [PMID: 38223995 PMCID: PMC10832062 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Conductive elastomers are promising for a wide range of applications in many fields due to their unique mechanical and electrical properties, and an understanding of the conductive mechanisms of such materials under deformation is crucial. However, revealing the microscopic conduction mechanism of conductive elastomers is a challenge. In this study, we developed a method that combines in situ deformation nanomechanical atomic force microscopy (AFM) and conductive AFM to successfully and simultaneously characterize the microscopic deformation and microscopic electrical conductivity of nanofiller composite conductive elastomers. With this approach, we visualized the conductive network structure of carbon black and carbon nanotube composite conductive elastomers at the nanoscale, tracked their microscopic response under different compressive strains, and revealed the correlation between microscopic and macroscopic electrical properties. This technique is important for understanding the conductive mechanism of conductive elastomers and improving the design of conductive elastomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Liang
- Department
of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical
Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Haonan Liu
- Department
of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical
Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - So Fujinami
- Office
of Society-Academia Collaboration for Innovation, Kyoto University, Gokasho,
Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Makiko Ito
- Department
of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical
Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Ken Nakajima
- Department
of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical
Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
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3
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Cong C, Peng D, Liu Q, Yuan M, Meng X, Zhou Q. Effect of Graphene Oxide-Modified CaAl-Layered Double Hydroxides on the Carbon Dioxide Permeation Properties of Fluoroelastomers. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4151. [PMID: 37896397 PMCID: PMC10610964 DOI: 10.3390/polym15204151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to investigate the CO2 gas barrier and mechanical properties of fluorine rubber nanocomposites filled with Ca/Al layered hydroxide (graphene oxide [GO]/LDH-Ca2Al) modified by GO. GO/LDH-Ca2Al nanocomposite fillers were prepared by depositing Ca/Al layered hydroxide (LDH-Ca2Al) into the surface of alkalized GO (Al-GO). The prepared GO/LDH-Ca2Al nanocomposite fillers and complexes were characterized by Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for structural and micromorphological characterization. The results showed that GO/LDH-Ca2Al was successfully prepared with strong interactions between Al-GO and LDH, and the compatibility of GO/LDH-Ca2Al nanocomposite fillers with the polymer was significantly improved compared with that of LDH-Ca2Al. Consequently, both the fracture strength (σb) and strain (εb) of GO/LDH-Ca2Al nanocomplexes remarkably increased, and they exhibited excellent mechanical properties. Differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis were used to characterize the thermal stability of GO/LDH-Ca2Al nanocomposite fillers, and GO/LDH-Ca2Al nanocomposite fillers have better thermal stability than LDH-Ca2Al. The reaction products (S-LDH-Ca2Al and S-GO-Ca2Al) of LDH-Ca2Al and GO/LDH-Ca2Al with CO2 were characterized using XRD and TGA, respectively, and the results show that LDH-Ca2Al reacts readily and chemically with CO2, resulting in a lower diffusion coefficient of CO2 in the LDH-Ca2Al nanocomplexes than that of the GO/LDH-Ca2Al nanocomplexes and leading to the destruction of the laminar structure of LDH-Ca2Al, while GO/LDH-Ca2Al has better CO2 resistance stability. GO/LDH-Ca2Al nanocomplexes exhibited a reduced content of hydroxyl groups with pro-CO2 nature exposed on the surface of LDH-Ca2Al, improving the interfacial interaction between the nanofillers and the rubber matrix and enhancing the dispersion of GO/LDH-Ca2Al in the polymers. Moreover, CO2 in the soluble GO/LDH-Ca2Al nanocomposites was significantly reduced, while the diffusion properties demonstrated weak temperature dependence on solubility. The mechanism of the CO2 gas barrier of polymers filled with GO/LDH-Ca2Al was proposed on the basis of the Arrhenius equation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanbo Cong
- New Energy and Material College, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China; (D.P.); (Q.L.); (M.Y.); (X.M.); (Q.Z.)
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Mingarelli P, Romeo C, Callone E, Fredi G, Dorigato A, D’Arienzo M, Parrino F, Dirè S. Ladder-like Poly(methacryloxypropyl) silsesquioxane-Al 2O 3-polybutadiene Flexible Nanocomposites with High Thermal Conductivity. Gels 2023; 9:810. [PMID: 37888383 PMCID: PMC10606264 DOI: 10.3390/gels9100810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Ladder-like poly(methacryloxypropyl)-silsesquioxanes (LPMASQ) are photocurable Si-based gels characterized by a double-stranded structure that ensures superior thermal stability and mechanical properties than common organic polymers. In this work, these attractive features were exploited to produce, in combination with alumina nanoparticles (NPs), both unmodified and functionalized with methacryloxypropyl-trimethoxysilane (MPTMS), LPMASQ/Al2O3 composites displaying remarkable thermal conductivity. Additionally, we combined LPMASQ with polybutadiene (PB) to produce hybrid nanocomposites with the addition of functionalized Al2O3 NPs. The materials underwent thermal stability, structural, and morphological evaluations via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Both blending PB with LPMASQ and surface functionalization of nanoparticles proved to be effective strategies for incorporating a higher ceramic filler amount in the matrices, resulting in significant increases in thermal conductivity. Specifically, a 113.6% increase in comparison to the bare matrix was achieved at relatively low filler content (11.2 vol%) in the presence of 40 wt% LPMASQ. Results highlight the potential of ladder-like silsesquioxanes in the field of thermally conductive polymers and their applications in heat dissipation for flexible electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Mingarelli
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy (C.R.); (E.C.); (G.F.); (A.D.)
| | - Chiara Romeo
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy (C.R.); (E.C.); (G.F.); (A.D.)
| | - Emanuela Callone
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy (C.R.); (E.C.); (G.F.); (A.D.)
- “Klaus Müller” Magnetic Resonance Laboratory, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Giulia Fredi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy (C.R.); (E.C.); (G.F.); (A.D.)
| | - Andrea Dorigato
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy (C.R.); (E.C.); (G.F.); (A.D.)
| | - Massimiliano D’Arienzo
- Department of Materials Science, INSTM, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy;
| | - Francesco Parrino
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy (C.R.); (E.C.); (G.F.); (A.D.)
| | - Sandra Dirè
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy (C.R.); (E.C.); (G.F.); (A.D.)
- “Klaus Müller” Magnetic Resonance Laboratory, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
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Damircheli M, MajidiRad A. The Influence of the Dispersion Method on the Morphological, Curing, and Mechanical Properties of NR/SBR Reinforced with Nano-Calcium Carbonate. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2963. [PMID: 37447608 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
There are several reasons for the development of nanopolymer compounds, such as improving physical, mechanical, and chemical properties, increasing lifespan, reducing costs, and decreasing negative environmental impact. The compatibility of two rubbers and mineral nanofillers in nanocomposites is a challenge that needs to be studied, and the effect of nanofillers on morphological, physical, and mechanical properties should be investigated accordingly. In this study, calcium carbonate nanoparticles were added to a polymer compound that included natural rubber (NR), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), vulcanization accelerators, and other additives. For mixing nanoparticles in the polymer matrix, various methods were used, including the solvent method in toluene and W410 solvents and the surface modification of calcium carbonate nanoparticles with stearic acid. The effect of dispersion nanoparticles in nanocomposite specimens on morphology, curing characteristics, and mechanical properties was studied. The morphologies of specimens were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The particle size of the nanocomposite was approximately 34 nm, and the interlayer spacing between crystal plates increased from 2.81 nm to 3.03 nm. These results indicate a uniform dispersion of nanoparticles, specifically with an optimum content of 3.52%, in the compounds prepared through all mixing methods, with no agglomeration observed in the nanocomposites. The results of the nanocomposites' curing characterization demonstrate that with the addition of nanoparticles, a strong bond is created in the polymer chains, and curing properties are improved. Among the dispersion methods, the highest percentage improvement in curing properties is observed with the solvent method W410. To evaluate the effect of the addition of calcium carbonate nanoparticles and the dispersion method on improving mechanical properties, tensile, tear, hardness, and rebound resilience tests were performed. In tensile tests, the surface modification method showed the highest enhancement in ultimate stress (80%), followed by the W410 method (64%) and toluene method (63.7%). Tear strength improvements were highest in the W410-solvent sample (80%), followed by the surface modification method (57%) and the solvent-toluene method (50%). The W410 method resulted in the hardest samples, while the surface-modified samples had the lowest hardness. The addition of CaCO3 nanofillers reduced rebound resilience, with the W410 method experiencing the largest reduction (10.64%), followed by the toluene method (6.38%), and with the surface-modified samples showing the lowest reduction (4.25%). The results show that in the W410 solvent method, the nanocomposite is more elastic than for other methods. Additionally, for most of the mechanical properties, the W410 method results in the most growth in improvement.
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6
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Wang L, Liu Y, Hao N, Qiao Y, Zeng W, Wei L, Du A. Combining multiple hydrogen bonds and boronic ester chemistry towards mechanically robust and creep resisting elastomer vitrimer. POLYMER 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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7
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Gao T, Yu B, Hui Y, Chen J, Chung K, Wang S, Luo Y. Fabricated coordinate and ionic bonds in chemically cross‐linked ethylene acrylic elastomer for high‐performing elastomers. POLYM ENG SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.26230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianming Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key laboratory of Clean Energy Materials Chemistry of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes Lingnan Normal University Zhanjiang People's Republic of China
| | - Biao Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key laboratory of Clean Energy Materials Chemistry of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes Lingnan Normal University Zhanjiang People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghai Hui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key laboratory of Clean Energy Materials Chemistry of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes Lingnan Normal University Zhanjiang People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key laboratory of Clean Energy Materials Chemistry of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes Lingnan Normal University Zhanjiang People's Republic of China
| | - Kyungho Chung
- Department of Polymer Engineering The University of Suwon Hwaseong‐Si Gyeonggi‐Do Republic of Korea
| | - Sheng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key laboratory of Clean Energy Materials Chemistry of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes Lingnan Normal University Zhanjiang People's Republic of China
| | - Yongyue Luo
- Agriculture Products Processing Research Institute Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Science Zhanjiang People's Republic of China
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8
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Huang L, Yu F, Liu Y, Lu A, Song Z, Liu W, Xiong Y, He H, Li S, Zhao X, Cui S, Zhu C. Understanding the Reinforcement Effect of Fumed Silica on Silicone Rubber: Bound Rubber and Its Entanglement Network. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Longjin Huang
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Fengmei Yu
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Ai Lu
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Zihao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yuqi Xiong
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Hongjiang He
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Shichun Li
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Xueyan Zhao
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Sheng Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Chunhua Zhu
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
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9
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Solvent polarity impacts the sorption kinetics and tensile properties of carbon black filled elastomers. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Fabrication of highly conductive natural rubber-based composite films via Pickering emulsion interfacial assembly. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Filler Models Revisited: Extension of the Nielson Model with Respect to the Geometric Arrangements of Fillers. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14163327. [PMID: 36015585 PMCID: PMC9415666 DOI: 10.3390/polym14163327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Models describing how fillers affect the barrier properties of polymers remain an important research topic to improve applications such as hydrogen storage or food preservation. The Nielsen model, one of the earliest models for such predictions, is still one of the most widely used in the literature. However, it does not provide quantitative information on arrangements of fillers inside a polymer matrix, which is crucial for the definition of suitable filler distributions in barrier materials. Therefore, the channel model was developed in this work, which extends the Nielsen model by determining the relative distances between the fillers in regular filler arrangements in polymer matrices. This allows us to relate the permeation properties of filled polymer membranes to the geometric properties of the filler arrangement in simulations and experimental measurements. Simulations with geometries defined according to the channel model showed good agreement with the predictions of the Nielsen model. This demonstrated that the channel model can be a valuable tool for predicting at least mean geometric distances in studied polymer membranes. The validity range of the channel model was limited to a value range of the filler volume fraction 0.01≤ϕf≤0.5 based on theoretical considerations.
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Yu S, Li F, Fang S, Yin X, Wu S, Tang Z, Zhang L, Guo B. Extrudable Vitrimeric Rubbers Enabled via Heterogeneous Network Design. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuangjian Yu
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Fanzhu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic/Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shifeng Fang
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiaochun Yin
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Siwu Wu
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhenghai Tang
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic/Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Baochun Guo
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Panahi-Sarmad M, Noroozi M, Xiao X, Park CB. Recent Advances in Graphene-Based Polymer Nanocomposites and Foams for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Applications. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c04116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahyar Panahi-Sarmad
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Mina Noroozi
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Xueliang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chul B. Park
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
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Wang L, Liu Y, Qiao Y, Wang Y, Cui Z, Zhu S, Dong F, Fang S, Du A. Molecularly engineered dual-crosslinked elastomer vitrimers with superior strength, improved creep resistance, and retained malleability. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00489e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Preparation of covalently crosslinked elastomers with an integration of high mechanical performance, enhanced creep resistance and retained malleability by incorporating quadruple hydrogen bonds into dynamic boronic ester bonds crosslinked SBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics (Ministry of Education), School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Yingjun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics (Ministry of Education), School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Yunhe Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics (Ministry of Education), School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Yuli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics (Ministry of Education), School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Ziwen Cui
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics (Ministry of Education), School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Shaoyi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics (Ministry of Education), School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Fuwei Dong
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics (Ministry of Education), School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Sikun Fang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics (Ministry of Education), School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Aihua Du
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics (Ministry of Education), School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
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15
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Tian C, Feng H, Qiu Y, Zhang G, Tan T, Zhang L. Facile strategy to incorporate amidoxime groups into elastomers toward self-crosslinking and self-reinforcement. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00991a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Amidoxime modification of NBR and the formation of a multi-crosslinking network structure by self-crosslinking of AO-NBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenru Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, No. 15 North Third Ring Road East, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Haoran Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, No. 15 North Third Ring Road East, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Yuchen Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, No. 15 North Third Ring Road East, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Ganggang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, No. 15 North Third Ring Road East, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Tianwei Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, No. 15 North Third Ring Road East, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, No. 15 North Third Ring Road East, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
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16
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Zhang C, An X, Tang Z, Fang S, Guo B, Zhang L, Liu F, Liu J, Chen Z. Creation of Tortuosity in Unfilled Rubber via Heterogeneous Cross-Linking toward Improved Barrier Property. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengfeng Zhang
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China
| | - Xinglong An
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China
| | - Zhenghai Tang
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China
| | - Shifeng Fang
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China
| | - Baochun Guo
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic/Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China
| | - Junjie Liu
- Hubei Nuclear Solid Physics Key Laboratory, Department of Physics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Zhiquan Chen
- Hubei Nuclear Solid Physics Key Laboratory, Department of Physics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
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17
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Wang L, Xiao W, Zhang Z, Xu B, Liang J, Cao X, Zhao S, Cui J, Gao A, Zhang G, Yan Y. Facile preparation of high-performance and multifunctional PVC-based nanocomposites with segregated structure achieved by volume repulsion and toughening effects of ABS. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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18
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Xiao Y, Lei X, Xue S, Lian R, Xiong G, Xin X, Wang D, Zhang Q. Mechanically Strong, Thermally Stable Gas Barrier Polyimide Membranes Derived from Carbon Nanotube-Based Nanofluids. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:56530-56543. [PMID: 34758621 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c15018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Gas barrier membranes with impressive moisture permeability are highly demanded in air or nature gas dehumidification. We report a novel approach using polyetheramine oligomers covalently grafted on the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to engineer liquid-like CNT nanofluids (CNT NFs), which are incorporated into a polyimide matrix to enhance the gas barrier and moisture permeation properties. Benefiting from the featured liquid-like characteristic of CNT NFs, a strong interfacial compatibility between CNTs and the polyimide matrix is achieved, and thus, the resulting membranes exhibit high heat resistance and desirable mechanical strength as well as remarkable fracture toughness, beneficially to withstanding creep, impact, and stress fatigue in separation applications. Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy measurements indicate a significant decrease in fractional free volume within the resulting membranes, leading to greatly enhanced gas barrier properties while almost showing full retention of moisture permeability compared to that of the pristine membrane. For membranes with 10 wt % CNT NFs, the gas transmission rates, respectively, decrease 99.9% for CH4, 94.4% for CO2, 99.2% for N2, and 97.9% for O2 compared with that of the pristine membrane. Most importantly, with the increasing amount of CNT NFs, the hybrid membranes demonstrate a simultaneous increase of barrier performance and permselectivity for H2O/CH4, H2O/N2, H2O/CO2, and H2O/O2. All these results make these membranes potential candidates for high-pressure natural gas or hyperthermal air dehydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Functional Organic Porous Materials, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions of Ministry of Education, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
| | - Xingfeng Lei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Functional Organic Porous Materials, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions of Ministry of Education, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
| | - Shuyu Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions of Ministry of Education, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
| | - Ruhe Lian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions of Ministry of Education, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
| | - Guo Xiong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions of Ministry of Education, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
| | - Xiangze Xin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
| | - Dechao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
| | - Qiuyu Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Functional Organic Porous Materials, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions of Ministry of Education, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
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19
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Han X, Chen T, Zhao Y, Gao J, Sang Y, Xiong H, Chen Z. Relationship between the Microstructure and Performance of Graphene/Polyethylene Composites Investigated by Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2990. [PMID: 34835754 PMCID: PMC8619168 DOI: 10.3390/nano11112990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The quantitative characterization of microstructure is most desirable for the establishment of structure-property relationships in polymer nanocomposites. In this work, the effects of graphene on the microstructure, mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties of the obtained graphene/polyethylene (PE) composites were investigated. In order to reveal the structure-performance relationship of graphene/PE composites, especially for the effects of the relative free volume fraction (fr) and interfacial interaction intensity (β), positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) was employed for its quantitative description. The relative free volume fraction fr gives a good explanation of the variation for surface resistivity, melting temperature, and thermal stability, and the variation of tensile strength and thermal conductivity agree well with the results of interfacial interaction intensity β. The results showed that fr and β have a significant effect on the properties of the obtained graphene/PE composites, and the effect on the properties was revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jie Gao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Radiation Chemistry and Functional Materials, School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China; (X.H.); (T.C.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (H.X.)
| | | | | | - Zhiyuan Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Radiation Chemistry and Functional Materials, School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China; (X.H.); (T.C.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (H.X.)
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20
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Huang L, Yang Y, Niu Z, Wu R, Fan W, Dai Q, He J, Bai C. Catalyst-Free Vitrimer Cross-Linked by Biomass-Derived Compounds with Mechanical Robustness, Reprocessability, and Multishape Memory Effects. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100432. [PMID: 34524718 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Vitrimerization of thermoset polymers plays an important role in addressing resource recovery and reuse. Vitrimer elastomers with good mechanical properties often require well-designed crosslinking agents or fillers, but this increases processing complexity or reduces vitrimer dynamic properties. In this report, a simple green strategy to build a strong vitrimer elastomer is designed. Commercially available epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) is cross-linked with biomass-derived D-Fructose 1,6-bisphosphoric acid to get a vitrimer elastomer cross-linked by β-hydroxy phosphate ester bonds and has abundant hydrogen bonds. Hydrogen bonds can preferentially break and dissipate energy under external forces, which makes the sample robust. The topological network can be reformed at high temperatures through the dynamic exchange of β-hydroxy phosphate ester bonds, which gives the material malleability and recyclability. In addition, through the strategy of combining reprocessing and welding, multiple shape memory effects can be achieved in one postprocessing step. Considering that a variety of commercially available epoxy polymers are easily available, it is believed that this strategy can be a simple and versatile way to enable commercial epoxy polymers to achieve green crosslinking through biomass crosslink agents, which results in robust and recyclable vitrimers based on β-hydroxy phosphate bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Huang
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China.,Department of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Yinxin Yang
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China.,Department of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Zhen Niu
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China.,Department of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Ruiyao Wu
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China.,Department of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Weifeng Fan
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Quanquan Dai
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Jianyun He
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Chenxi Bai
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China.,Department of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
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21
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Nisha P, Suresh S, Saravanan P, Jayamoorthy K, Subash B, Prakash SM, Rajagopalan NR, Ravichandran C. Effect on hydrophobicity and antimicrobial behavior of epoxy resin due to silane functionalized TiO2 as nanofillers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2021.1964743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Nisha
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Easwari Engineering College, Chennai, India
| | - S. Suresh
- Department of Physics, St. Joseph's College of Engineering, Chennai, India
| | - P. Saravanan
- Department of Chemistry, St. Joseph's College of Engineering, Chennai, India
| | - K. Jayamoorthy
- Department of Chemistry, St. Joseph's College of Engineering, Chennai, India
| | - B. Subash
- Department of Chemistry, St. Joseph's College of Engineering, Chennai, India
| | - S. M. Prakash
- Department of Chemistry, St. Joseph's College of Engineering, Chennai, India
| | - N. R. Rajagopalan
- Department of Chemistry, St. Joseph's College of Engineering, Chennai, India
| | - C. Ravichandran
- Department of Chemistry, Anna University, Chennai, India
- Department of Chemistry, Easwari Engineering College, Chennai, India
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22
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Han X, Kong H, Chen T, Gao J, Zhao Y, Sang Y, Hu G. Effect of π-π Stacking Interfacial Interaction on the Properties of Graphene/Poly(styrene- b-isoprene- b-styrene) Composites. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2158. [PMID: 34578475 PMCID: PMC8468380 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Interfacial interaction is one of the most important factors in the construction of high-performance graphene-based elastomer composites. In this paper, graphene/poly (styrene-b-isoprene-b-styrene) (SIS) composites were prepared with solution mixing followed by an evaporation-induced self-assembly process. Various techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, UV-vis absorption spectra, tensile testing, Shore A hardness, surface resistance, thermal conductivity, and thermogravimetric analysis were conducted to characterize the microstructure and properties of the obtained composites. The results showed that the π-π stacking interfacial interaction between phenyl groups of SIS and graphene play an important role in the properties' improvement, and the effect of interfacial interaction on the properties was revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jie Gao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Radiation Chemistry and Functional Materials, School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China; (X.H.); (H.K.); (T.C.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.)
| | | | | | - Guowen Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Radiation Chemistry and Functional Materials, School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China; (X.H.); (H.K.); (T.C.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.)
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23
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24
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Mirizzi L, Carnevale M, D’Arienzo M, Milanese C, Di Credico B, Mostoni S, Scotti R. Tailoring the Thermal Conductivity of Rubber Nanocomposites by Inorganic Systems: Opportunities and Challenges for Their Application in Tires Formulation. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123555. [PMID: 34200899 PMCID: PMC8230438 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of effective thermally conductive rubber nanocomposites for heat management represents a tricky point for several modern technologies, ranging from electronic devices to the tire industry. Since rubber materials generally exhibit poor thermal transfer, the addition of high loadings of different carbon-based or inorganic thermally conductive fillers is mandatory to achieve satisfactory heat dissipation performance. However, this dramatically alters the mechanical behavior of the final materials, representing a real limitation to their application. Moreover, upon fillers’ incorporation into the polymer matrix, interfacial thermal resistance arises due to differences between the phonon spectra and scattering at the hybrid interface between the phases. Thus, a suitable filler functionalization is required to avoid discontinuities in the thermal transfer. In this challenging scenario, the present review aims at summarizing the most recent efforts to improve the thermal conductivity of rubber nanocomposites by exploiting, in particular, inorganic and hybrid filler systems, focusing on those that may guarantee a viable transfer of lab-scale formulations to technological applicable solutions. The intrinsic relationship among the filler’s loading, structure, morphology, and interfacial features and the heat transfer in the rubber matrix will be explored in depth, with the ambition of providing some methodological tools for a more profitable design of thermally conductive rubber nanocomposites, especially those for the formulation of tires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Mirizzi
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, INSTM, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy; (L.M.); (M.C.); (B.D.C.); (S.M.); (R.S.)
| | - Mattia Carnevale
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, INSTM, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy; (L.M.); (M.C.); (B.D.C.); (S.M.); (R.S.)
| | - Massimiliano D’Arienzo
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, INSTM, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy; (L.M.); (M.C.); (B.D.C.); (S.M.); (R.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-026-448-5023
| | - Chiara Milanese
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Barbara Di Credico
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, INSTM, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy; (L.M.); (M.C.); (B.D.C.); (S.M.); (R.S.)
| | - Silvia Mostoni
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, INSTM, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy; (L.M.); (M.C.); (B.D.C.); (S.M.); (R.S.)
| | - Roberto Scotti
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, INSTM, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy; (L.M.); (M.C.); (B.D.C.); (S.M.); (R.S.)
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25
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Zhang C, Tang Z, An X, Fang S, Wu S, Guo B. Generic Method to Create Segregated Structures toward Robust, Flexible, Highly Conductive Elastomer Composites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:24154-24163. [PMID: 33978407 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c04802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Electrically and thermally conductive polymer composites are extensively used in our daily life. It is of great significance to fulfill the conductivity requirement while maintaining desirable mechanical performance. An efficient solution to achieve this goal is to construct segregated structures in polymer composites by confining fillers into the interstitial areas among polymer domains. Thus far, it still remains a challenge to create segregated structures in cross-linked polymeric networks. Herein, we report a facile methodology to construct segregated structures in sulfur-cured rubbers using an industrially accessible process toward robust, flexible, highly conductive elastomer composites. Specifically, natural rubber granules (NR-RGs) with reactive di- and polysulfides on the surface are fabricated and then mixed with NR gum, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and curing additives, followed by compression molding to yield two-phase separate composites. In the composites, CNTs are selectively dispersed in the continuous NR phase due to the volume exclusion effect caused by the separate NR-RG phase, leading to overwhelming electrical conductivity compared to the counterparts with randomly dispersed CNTs. In addition, NR-RGs can serve as novel reinforcement for NR, imparting the composites with remarkably improved modulus and retained stretchability. The simultaneously improved electrical conductivity and mechanical properties are due to the strong interfacial adhesion between the NR matrix and NR-RGs, as the di- and polysulfides on the surface of NR-RGs can participate in the cross-linking reactions of NR gum and enable the establishment of covalent bonding across the interfaces. The universality of this approach in preparing segregated composites with a combination of high conductivities and robust mechanical properties is demonstrated using other diene rubbers as the matrix and boron nitride as the filler.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengfeng Zhang
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Zhenghai Tang
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Xinglong An
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Shifeng Fang
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Siwu Wu
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Baochun Guo
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
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26
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Huang J, Wróblewska AA, Steinkoenig J, Maes S, Du Prez FE. Assembling Lipoic Acid and Nanoclay into Nacre-Mimetic Nanocomposites. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- Polymer Chemistry Research group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Aleksandra Alicja Wróblewska
- Polymer Chemistry Research group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Jan Steinkoenig
- Polymer Chemistry Research group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Stephan Maes
- Polymer Chemistry Research group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Filip E. Du Prez
- Polymer Chemistry Research group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
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27
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Toughening, recyclable and healable nitrile rubber based on multi-coordination crosslink networks after “tetrazine click” reaction. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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28
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Huang K, Jiang L, Du Y, Wang J, Zheng X, Jiang X, Sui Y, Che M, Xu Q, Li L, Xin Z, Zhao S. Multifunctional NR/MWCNTs nanocomposites constructed via combining volume exclusion of SiO2 microspheres with interface reinforcement of tannic acid. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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29
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Tammaro D, Lombardi L, Scherillo G, Di Maio E, Ahuja N, Mensitieri G. Modelling Sorption Thermodynamics and Mass Transport of n-Hexane in a Propylene-Ethylene Elastomer. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1157. [PMID: 33916594 PMCID: PMC8038456 DOI: 10.3390/polym13071157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimization of post polymerization processes of polyolefin elastomers (POE) involving solvents is of considerable industrial interest. To this aim, experimental determination and theoretical interpretation of the thermodynamics and mass transport properties of POE-solvent mixtures is relevant. Sorption behavior of n-hexane vapor in a commercial propylene-ethylene elastomer (V8880 VistamaxxTM from ExxonMobil, Machelen, Belgium) is addressed here, determining experimentally the sorption isotherms at temperatures ranging from 115 to 140 °C and pressure values of n-hexane vapor up to 1 atm. Sorption isotherms have been interpreted using a Non Random Lattice Fluid (NRLF) Equation of State model retrieving, from data fitting, the value of the binary interaction parameter for the n-hexane/V8880 system. Both the cases of temperature-independent and of temperature-dependent binary interaction parameter have been considered. Sorption kinetics was also investigated at different pressures and has been interpreted using a Fick's model determining values of the mutual diffusivity as a function of temperature and of n-hexane/V8880 mixture composition. From these values, n-hexane intra-diffusion coefficient has been calculated interpreting its dependence on mixture concentration and temperature by a semi-empiric model based on free volume arguments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Tammaro
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy; (D.T.); (L.L.); (G.S.); (E.D.M.)
| | - Lorenzo Lombardi
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy; (D.T.); (L.L.); (G.S.); (E.D.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Scherillo
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy; (D.T.); (L.L.); (G.S.); (E.D.M.)
- UdR of Naples, INSTM (National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology), Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Ernesto Di Maio
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy; (D.T.); (L.L.); (G.S.); (E.D.M.)
- UdR of Naples, INSTM (National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology), Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Navanshu Ahuja
- Sulzer Chemtech Ltd., Else-Züblinstr. 11, 8404 Winterthur, Switzerland;
| | - Giuseppe Mensitieri
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy; (D.T.); (L.L.); (G.S.); (E.D.M.)
- UdR of Naples, INSTM (National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology), Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
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Raut SK, Mondal P, Parameswaran B, Sarkar S, Dey P, Gilbert R, Bhadra S, Naskar K, Nair S, Singha NK. Self-healable ultrahydrophobic modified bio-based elastomer using Diels-Alder ‘click chemistry’. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.110204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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31
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Arslan M, Ceylan O, Arslan R, Tasdelen MA. Facile UV-induced covalent modification and crosslinking of styrene-isoprene-styrene copolymer via Paterno-Büchi [2 + 2] photocycloaddition. RSC Adv 2021; 11:8585-8593. [PMID: 35423409 PMCID: PMC8695305 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00033k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemical functionalization or modification of polymers to alter or improve the physical and mechanical properties constitutes an important field in macromolecular research. Fabrication of polymeric materials via structural tailoring of commercial or commodity polymers that are produced in vast quantities especially possess unique advantages in material applications. In the present study, we report on benign chemical modification of unsaturated styrene–isoprene–styrene (SIS) copolymer using available backbone alkene groups. Covalent attachment of aldehyde functional substrates onto reactive isoprene double bond residues was conveniently carried out using UV-induced Paterno–Büchi [2 + 2] cycloaddition. Model organic compounds with different structures were utilized in high efficiency chemical modification of parent polymer chains via oxetane ring formation. Functionalization studies were confirmed via1H NMR, FT-IR and SEC analyses. The methodology was extended to covalent crosslinking of polymer chains to obtain organogels with tailorable crosslinking degrees and physical characteristics. Considering the outstanding elastic properties of unsaturated rubbers and their high commercial availability, abundant reactive double bonds in backbone chains of these polymers offer easy to implement structural modification via proposed Paterno–Büchi photocycloaddition. Paterno–Büchi reaction is reported as a convenient chemical reaction tool to modify unsaturated copolymer elastomers.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Arslan
- Department of Polymer Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yalova University 77100 Yalova Turkey
| | - Ozgur Ceylan
- Central Research Laboratory, Yalova University 77100 Yalova Turkey
| | - Rabia Arslan
- Department of Polymer Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yalova University 77100 Yalova Turkey
| | - Mehmet Atilla Tasdelen
- Department of Polymer Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yalova University 77100 Yalova Turkey
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32
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Huang Q, Tang Z, Wang D, Wu S, Guo B. Engineering Segregated Structures in a Cross-Linked Elastomeric Network Enabled by Dynamic Cross-Link Reshuffling. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:231-236. [PMID: 35570780 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Construction of segregated structures in polymer composites is an efficient way to improve the electrical conductivity and reduce the percolation threshold by confining conductive fillers into the interstitial areas between polymer domains. Yet, it remains a great challenge to engineer segregated structures into thermosets as the cross-linked structure prohibits the "sintering" of polymer domains into a coherent material. Thus far, the state of art approaches to create segregated network in cross-linked polymers involve tedious procedures and are limited to latex mixing technology. Here, inspired by solid state plasticity of vitrimers, we present a simple method to create segregated structures in covalently cross-linked networks by compression molding of conductive filler-coated vitrimer granules. Specifically, dynamic boronic ester-cross-linked styrene-butadiene rubber vitrimers was ground into granules and then mechanically mixed with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to coat CNTs onto vitrimer granules, followed by hot-press molding. During the molding process, the transesterifications of boronic esters enable cross-linked granules to adhere together through molecular bonding, and the high viscosity of granules forces CNTs to selectively localize at their boundary region. As a result, coherently segregated composites with an ultralow percolation threshold, good flexibility, and healing capability are obtained. With this example, we envisage that this work provides a conceptual method to create segregated structures in cross-linked polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyi Huang
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenghai Tang
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siwu Wu
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baochun Guo
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People’s Republic of China
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33
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Tan J, Chen C, Wu J, He R, Jiang L, Liu Y. Influence of ultraviolet aging on the structure, mechanical and gas permeability properties of hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Tan
- National and Local Joint Engineering Center of Advanced Packaging Materials R & D Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Packaging and Materials Engineering Hunan University of Technology Zhuzhou China
| | - Chengliang Chen
- National and Local Joint Engineering Center of Advanced Packaging Materials R & D Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Packaging and Materials Engineering Hunan University of Technology Zhuzhou China
| | - Juying Wu
- Institute of Systems and Engineering China Academy of Engineering Physics Mianyang China
| | - Ren He
- Institute of Systems and Engineering China Academy of Engineering Physics Mianyang China
| | - Linbing Jiang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Center of Advanced Packaging Materials R & D Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Packaging and Materials Engineering Hunan University of Technology Zhuzhou China
| | - Yiwu Liu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Center of Advanced Packaging Materials R & D Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Packaging and Materials Engineering Hunan University of Technology Zhuzhou China
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34
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Gao H, Sun Y, Wang M, Wang Z, Han G, Jin L, Lin P, Xia Y, Zhang K. Mechanically Robust and Reprocessable Acrylate Vitrimers with Hydrogen-Bond-Integrated Networks for Photo-3D Printing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:1581-1591. [PMID: 33356096 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c19520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Reprocessable acrylate vitrimer needs to enhance its strength to expand the application in photo-three-dimensional (photo-3D) printing. However, the methods for improving mechanical properties by the addition of nanofillers or a multifunctional resin into acrylate vitrimers are inappropriate for photo-3D printing due to the low curing speed of photopolymerization induced by weakening light transmittance or reduction of dimensional accuracy caused by large shrinkage. At present, we demonstrate a new strategy for developing a kind of mechanically robust and reprocessable 3D printing thermosets by combining hydrogen bonds and exchangeable β-hydroxyl esters into acrylate vitrimers. To realize this purpose, diacrylate prepolymer containing β-hydroxyl esters was first synthesized from glycidyl methacrylate and suberic acid. Then, the resin formulations for 3D printing comprising the synthesized diacrylate prepolymer together with acrylamide generate exchanged β-hydroxyl ester and pendent amide in cross-linked networks. Here, hydrogen bonds resulting from the amide group as sacrificial bonds dissipate vast mechanical energy under an external load. With the inclusion of 20 wt % acrylamide, the average tensile strength and Young's modulus are up to 40.1 and 871 MPa, which increased by about 4.4 and 3.85 times, respectively. The network rearrangement of cross-linked vitrimers can be achieved through the dynamic ester exchange reactions with gradual disappearance of hydrogen bonds at elevated temperatures, imparting reprocessability into the printed structures. Various photo-3D printing or UV irradiation shapes were successfully produced, and these dissolved in ethylene glycol could be remolded again.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui 243032, China
| | - Yingchun Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui 243032, China
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui 243032, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui 243032, China
| | - Guoqiang Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui 243032, China
| | - Ling Jin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui 243032, China
| | - Peng Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui 243032, China
| | - Youyi Xia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui 243032, China
| | - Kui Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui 243032, China
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35
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Zhang S, Leng X, Han L, Li C, Lei L, Bai H, Ma H, Li Y. The effect of functionalization in elastomers: Construction of networks. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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36
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Chen L, Wu L, Song L, Xia Z, Lin Y, Chen W, Li L. The recovery of nano-sized carbon black filler structure and its contribution to stress recovery in rubber nanocomposites. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:24527-24542. [PMID: 33320147 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr06003h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The hierarchical structural evolution of natural rubber (NR) filled with different contents of nanoscale carbon black (CB) (10 phr-CB10 and 50 phr-CB50) after first loading and recovering for different times was investigated by X-ray nano-CT, wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) and solid state NMR techniques. The CB filler structures as captured by X-ray nano-CT recover gradually with increasing recovering time, but the filler network with different CB contents shows dramatically different structure evolution. For CB10, limited by the filling content, CB particles mainly induces a hydrodynamic effect in spite of deformation or recovering. For CB50, the CB filler forms a 3D connected network, partially destructed during deformation, and the destructed part can be partially recovered during recovery. This suggests that the connected CB filler structure mainly acts as a network reinforcement, whereas the destructed part can induce a hydrodynamic effect. The different effects induced by different CB filling contents are also reflected by the NR matrix, which is reflected by the onset strains εc of strain-induced crystallization (SIC) of NR as captured by WAXS. For CB10, εc remains almost constant, i.e. εc = ca. 1.49, while that of NR with CB50 slightly decreases from initial ca. 1.12 to 0.96 with increasing recovering time up to 50 h. Also, the bound rubber fraction and entangled rubber network remain unchanged after deformation and under different recovery time as detected by the magic sandwich echo (MSE) FID and proton multiple quantum (MQ) NMR. These results demonstrate the key role of the CB filler network in determining the stress-softening behavior of reinforced rubber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Lab and CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, China.
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37
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Guo H, Ji P, Halász IZ, Pirityi DZ, Bárány T, Xu Z, Zheng L, Zhang L, Liu L, Wen S. Enhanced Fatigue and Durability Properties of Natural Rubber Composites Reinforced with Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene Oxide. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E5746. [PMID: 33339308 PMCID: PMC7767227 DOI: 10.3390/ma13245746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Fibrous carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and lamellar graphene oxide (GO) exhibit significant advantages for improving the fatigue properties of rubber composites. In this work, the synergistic effect of CNTs and GO on the modification of the microstructure and fatigue properties of natural rubber (NR) was comprehensively investigated. Results showed that CNTs and GO were interspersed, and they formed a strong filler network in the NR matrix. Compared with those of CNT/NR and GO/NR composites, the CNT-GO/NR composites showed the smallest crack precursor sizes, the lowest crack growth rates, more branching and deflections, and the longest fatigue life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (H.G.); (P.J.); (Z.X.); (L.Z.); (L.Z.)
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Advanced Elastomers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Peizhi Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (H.G.); (P.J.); (Z.X.); (L.Z.); (L.Z.)
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Advanced Elastomers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - István Zoltán Halász
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; (I.Z.H.); (D.Z.P.); (T.B.)
| | - Dávid Zoltán Pirityi
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; (I.Z.H.); (D.Z.P.); (T.B.)
| | - Tamás Bárány
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; (I.Z.H.); (D.Z.P.); (T.B.)
| | - Zongchao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (H.G.); (P.J.); (Z.X.); (L.Z.); (L.Z.)
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Advanced Elastomers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Long Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (H.G.); (P.J.); (Z.X.); (L.Z.); (L.Z.)
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Advanced Elastomers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (H.G.); (P.J.); (Z.X.); (L.Z.); (L.Z.)
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Advanced Elastomers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (H.G.); (P.J.); (Z.X.); (L.Z.); (L.Z.)
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Advanced Elastomers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shipeng Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (H.G.); (P.J.); (Z.X.); (L.Z.); (L.Z.)
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Advanced Elastomers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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38
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Qu F, Sun W, Li B, Li F, Gao Y, Zhao X, Zhang L. Synergistic effect in improving the electrical conductivity in polymer nanocomposites by mixing spherical and rod-shaped fillers. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:10454-10462. [PMID: 33057553 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00993h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation is adopted to investigate the effect of hybrid fillers [nanospheres (NSs) and nanorods (NRs)] on the conductive probability of polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) in the quiescent state and under the shear field. The percolation threshold gradually rises as the volume fraction ratio (α) of NSs to all the fillers increases in the quiescent state. Compared to the NSs, the greater number of beads in the NRs help them connect to other NRs to form the conductive network. Meanwhile, compared to NSs, more NRs participate in building the conductive network. A transition from the synergistic effect to the antagonistic effect occurs as the NS-NR tunneling distance is reduced. Furthermore, the shear field induces a more direct aggregation structure of NSs, which act as linkers between fillers to protect the conductive network. This result is confirmed by the fact that more NSs occupy the conductive network under the shear field. As a result, the percolation threshold declines with increasing shear rate. Finally, compared to in the quiescent state, the percolation threshold increases at α = 0.0 and remains nearly unchanged for α = 0.25 under the shear field, while it gradually decreases for α≥ 0.5. In total, the results further our understanding of how to realize the synergistic effect between NSs and NRs when forming a conductive network of PNCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 10029, People's Republic of China.
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39
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Recent Advances in Preparation, Mechanisms, and Applications of Thermally Conductive Polymer Composites: A Review. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs4040180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
At present, the rapid accumulation of heat and the heat dissipation of electronic equipment and related components are important reasons that restrict the miniaturization, high integration, and high power of electronic equipment. It seriously affects the performance and life of electronic devices. Hence, improving the thermal conductivity of polymer composites (TCPCs) is the key to solving this problem. Compared with manufacturing intrinsic thermally conductive polymer composites, the method of filling the polymer matrix with thermally conductive fillers can better-enhance the thermal conductivity (λ) of the composites. This review starts from the thermal conduction mechanism and describes the factors affecting the λ of polymer composites, including filler type, filler morphology and distribution, and the functional surface treatment of fillers. Next, we introduce the preparation methods of filled thermally conductive polymer composites with different filler types. In addition, some commonly used thermal-conductivity theoretical models have been introduced to better-analyze the thermophysical properties of polymer composites. We discuss the simulation of λ and the thermal conduction process of polymer composites based on molecular dynamics and finite element analysis methods. Meanwhile, we briefly introduce the application of polymer composites in thermal management. Finally, we outline the challenges and prospects of TCPCs.
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40
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Zhao L, Xia W, Zhang P. Economical conductive graphite‐filled polymer composites via adjustable segregated structures: Construction, low percolation threshold, and positive temperature coefficient effect. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Wei Xia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest University Chongqing China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing Southwest University Chongqing China
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41
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The Role of Interfacial Interactions on the Functional Properties of Ethylene-Propylene Copolymer Containing SiO 2 Nanoparticles. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12102308. [PMID: 33050129 PMCID: PMC7600090 DOI: 10.3390/polym12102308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, the mechanical properties, thermal stability, and transparency of ethylene-propylene copolymer (EPC) elastomer modified with various weight percentages (1, 3, and 5 wt.%) of SiO2 nanofillers have been studied. The nanocomposites were prepared via a simple melt mixing method. The morphological results revealed that the nanofillers were uniformly dispersed in the elastomer, where a low concentration of SiO2 (1 wt.%) had been added into the elastomer. The FTIR showed that there are interfacial interactions between EPC matrix and silanol groups of SiO2 nanoparticles. Moreover, by the addition of 1 wt.% of SiO2 in the EPC, the tensile strength and elongation at break of EPC increased by about 38% and 27%, respectively. Finally, all samples were optically transparent, and the transparency of the nanocomposites reduced by increasing the content of SiO2 nanoparticles.
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42
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An Interfacial Dynamic Crosslinking Approach toward Catalyst-free and Mechanically Robust Elastomeric Vitrimer with a Segregated Structure. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-020-2479-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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43
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Shiva M, Akhtari SS, Shayesteh M. Effect of mineral fillers on physico-mechanical properties and heat conductivity of carbon black-filled SBR/butadiene rubber composite. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-020-00854-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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44
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Zhang X, Wei W, Jin X, Xiong H. Chain Dimension and Dynamics of Polymers in Well-Defined Non-sticky Nanocomposites of Molecular Nanoparticle Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane/Poly(butylene oxide). Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinlin Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Polymer Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Polymer Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Huiming Xiong
- Department of Polymer Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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45
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Zhang S, Leng X, Li Z, Han L, Li W, Li C, Lei L, Ma H, Li Y. Influence Mechanism of Composition and Topology on the Comprehensive Properties of Styrene-Isoprene-Butadiene Elastomers. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c01632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Songbo Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xuefei Leng
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Ziwei Li
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Advanced Elastomers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Li Han
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Wei Li
- Shenyang Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Lan Lei
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Hongwei Ma
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University, Dalian 116024, China
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46
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Zhang H, Ma R, Luo D, Xu W, Zhao Y, Zhao X, Gao Y, Zhang L. Understanding the cavitation and crazing behavior in the polymer nanocomposite by tuning shape and size of nanofiller. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.122103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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47
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Yang S, Wu H, Li C, Xiong Y, Guo S. Constructing Oriented Two-Dimensional Large-Sized Modified Graphene Oxide Barrier Walls in Brominated Butyl Rubber to Achieve Excellent Gas Barrier Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:3976-3983. [PMID: 31869207 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b19802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Brominated butyl rubber (BIIR) is widely used as tire lining, medical sealing material, and so on, due to its merits like high strength, low permeability, and high vulcanization activity. However, the gas barrier properties of BIIR need to be improved further to meet the requirements of certain special conditions such as high pressure (aircraft tire: 1.5 MPa). In this work, oriented two-dimensional (2D) large-sized modified graphene oxide (mGO) barrier walls in BIIR are successfully constructed based on the following processes: three-dimensional (3D) large-sized mGO hollow spherical shells in BIIR matrix are achieved from the core (water)-shell (mGO) structure in BIIR solution, which is obtained through the Pickering emulsion template method, and then are pressed into oriented 2D large-sized mGO barrier walls in the BIIR matrix. Such oriented 2D large-sized mGO barrier walls not only have an extremely large size between 50 and 120 μm but also are aligned perpendicular to the gas diffusion direction. Thus, even only with 0.7 wt % mGO, the nitrogen permeability of the BIIR composite is reduced by 91% relative to pristine BIIR and by 40% relative to the comparing sample with small mGO sheets. Therefore, this work provides a route to regulate the distribution of GO and thus can be a useful reference to fabricate rubber composites with superior gas barrier properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqiang Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , China
| | - Hong Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , China
- Research Center for Application of Graphene , (Sichuan University-WuXi) , Wuxi 214174 , China
| | - Chunhai Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , China
| | - Ying Xiong
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , China
| | - Shaoyun Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , China
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48
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Huang J, Kong S, Tang Z, Wu S, Guo B, Zhang L. Facile Strategy for the Biomimetic Heterogeneous Design of Elastomers with Mechanical Robustness, Malleability, and Functionality. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:49-55. [PMID: 35638670 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
It remains challenging to simultaneously realize mechanical robustness, malleability, and functionality in elastomers via facile yet efficient methods. Herein, a simple strategy for the biomimetic heterogeneous design is proposed to achieve mechanically strong, malleable, and functionalized elastomers. We demonstrate the strategy by straightforward mechanical mixing of a highly cross-linked vitrimeric elastomer with a homogeneous gum and subsequent curing, resulting in heterogeneous vitrimeric elastomers (hetero-VEs). The hetero-VEs comprise two phases: a hard phase with dense cross-links and a soft matrix with few cross-links, with excellent interface between the two phases. The hard phases can be deformed upon loading, dissipating energy, which significantly improves the overall mechanical performance of the hetero-VEs. When conductive fillers are incorporated into the soft matrix, due to the volume exclusion effect of the hard phases, the resultant hetero-VEs exhibit high conductivity with a small fraction of fillers. In view of the facile and generic preparation process, this strategy should be a promising way to reinforce and functionalize many vitrimeric elastomer systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shaoxin Kong
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhenghai Tang
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Siwu Wu
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Baochun Guo
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic/Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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Tang Z, Huang Q, Liu Y, Chen Y, Guo B, Zhang L. Uniaxial Stretching-Induced Alignment of Carbon Nanotubes in Cross-Linked Elastomer Enabled by Dynamic Cross-Link Reshuffling. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:1575-1581. [PMID: 35619384 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The fascinating properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) make them highly promising in fabricating polymer composites. Yet, the property enhancements of polymer/CNTs composites remain far behind the theoretical predictions. A critical issue to resolve this dilemma is to align CNTs in polymer matrices. Thus far, the state of art approaches to create CNT alignment either require complicated preparation processes and specific apparatuses, or is limited to thermoplastic polymers. Here, inspired by the network rearrangement ability of vitrimer in the solid state, we bring forth a facile methodology to align CNT in covalently cross-linked polymers by uniaxially stretching dynamic. Specifically, dynamic boronic ester bond-cross-linked epoxidized natural rubber/CNTs vitrimer composites with randomly dispersed CNTs are prepared, which are able to rearrange the network topologies and release stress at elevated temperatures through boronic ester transesterifications. The alignment of CNTs is performed by the uniaxial stretching of the composites and subsequent cross-link reshuffling at elevated temperatures, which results in anisotropic composites with remarkably enhanced mechanical properties and reduced electrical conductivity along the stretching direction. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the composites can be readily adjusted by changing the applied strain, relaxation time and temperature due to the modulated CNT alignment degree. With this example, we envisage that this work offers a conceptual and facile approach to align anisotropic fillers in covalently cross-linked polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghai Tang
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China
| | - Qingyi Huang
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China
| | - Yingjun Liu
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China
| | - Baochun Guo
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic/Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
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50
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Ma R, Mu G, Zhang H, Liu J, Gao Y, Zhao X, Zhang L. Percolation analysis of the electrical conductive network in a polymer nanocomposite by nanorod functionalization. RSC Adv 2019; 9:36324-36333. [PMID: 35540620 PMCID: PMC9074929 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra04680a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical functionalization of nanofillers is an effective strategy to benefit the formation of the conductive network in the matrix which can enhance the electrical conductivity of polymer nanocomposites (PNCs). In this work, we adopted a coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation to investigate the effect of the nanorod (NR) functionalization on the conductive probability of PNCs under the quiescent state or under a shear field. It is found that the direct aggregation structure of NRs is gradually broken down with increasing the NR functionalization degree λA, which improves their dispersion state. Moreover, a local bridging structure of NRs sandwiched via one polymer layer is formed at high λA. Corresponding to it, the percolation threshold of PNCs first quickly decreases, then increases and last slightly decreases again with the increase of λA, which exhibits an anti N-type under the quiescent state. Meanwhile, it shows a non-monotonic dependence on the interaction between polymer and the functionalized beads which reaches the lowest value at the moderate interaction. However, the percolation threshold is nearly independent of λA under the shear field. Compared with in the quiescent state, the decrease or the increase of the percolation threshold can be tuned by λA under the shear field. The significant change in the percolation threshold is attributed to the orientation and the dispersion state of NRs under the shear field, which affects the conductive network. Especially, we found that the dispersion state of NRs is different for different λA under the shear field. However, the percolation threshold is similar which indicates that the dispersion state of NRs is not completely correlated to the conductive network. In summary, this work presents some further understanding of how the NR functionalization affects the electrical conductivity of PNCs. Chemical functionalization of nanofillers is an effective strategy to benefit the formation of the conductive network in the matrix which can enhance the electrical conductivity of polymer nanocomposites (PNCs).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology 10029 China .,State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology 100029 China
| | - Guangyao Mu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology 10029 China .,State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology 100029 China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Aerospace Research Institute of Materials and Processing Technology Beijing 100076 China
| | - Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology 10029 China .,State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology 100029 China
| | - Yangyang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology 10029 China .,State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology 100029 China
| | - Xiuying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology 10029 China .,State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology 100029 China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology 10029 China .,State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology 100029 China
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