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Corsetti S, Notaros M, Sneh T, Stafford A, Page ZA, Notaros J. Silicon-photonics-enabled chip-based 3D printer. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:132. [PMID: 38839804 PMCID: PMC11153580 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01478-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Imagine if it were possible to create 3D objects in the palm of your hand within seconds using only a single photonic chip. Although 3D printing has revolutionized the way we create in nearly every aspect of modern society, current 3D printers rely on large and complex mechanical systems to enable layer-by-layer addition of material. This limits print speed, resolution, portability, form factor, and material complexity. Although there have been recent efforts in developing novel photocuring-based 3D printers that utilize light to transform matter from liquid resins to solid objects using advanced methods, they remain reliant on bulky and complex mechanical systems. To address these limitations, we combine the fields of silicon photonics and photochemistry to propose the first chip-based 3D printer. The proposed system consists of only a single millimeter-scale photonic chip without any moving parts that emits reconfigurable visible-light holograms up into a simple stationary resin well to enable non-mechanical 3D printing. Furthermore, we experimentally demonstrate a stereolithography-inspired proof-of-concept version of the chip-based 3D printer using a visible-light beam-steering integrated optical phased array and visible-light-curable resin, showing 3D printing using a chip-based system for the first time. This work demonstrates the first steps towards a highly-compact, portable, and low-cost solution for the next generation of 3D printers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Corsetti
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Milica Notaros
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Tal Sneh
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Alex Stafford
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Zachariah A Page
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Jelena Notaros
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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Dumur F. Recent Advances in Monocomponent Visible Light Photoinitiating Systems Based on Sulfonium Salts. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4202. [PMID: 37959882 PMCID: PMC10649563 DOI: 10.3390/polym15214202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last decades, multicomponent photoinitiating systems have been the focus of intense research efforts, especially for the design of visible light photoinitiating systems. Although highly reactive three-component and even four-component photoinitiating systems have been designed, the complexity to elaborate such mixtures has incited researchers to design monocomponent Type II photoinitiators. Using this approach, the photosensitizer and the radical/cation generator can be combined within a unique molecule, greatly simplifying the elaboration of the photocurable resins. In this field, sulfonium salts are remarkable photoinitiators but these structures lack absorption in the visible range. Over the years, various structural modifications have been carried out in order to redshift their absorptions in the visible region. In this work, an overview of the different sulfonium salts activable under visible light and reported to date is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Dumur
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, F-13397 Marseille, France
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Malik MS, Wolfahrt M, Schlögl S. Redox cationic frontal polymerization: a new strategy towards fast and efficient curing of defect-free fiber reinforced polymer composites. RSC Adv 2023; 13:28993-29003. [PMID: 37799301 PMCID: PMC10548789 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05976f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Frontal polymerization of epoxy-based thermosets is a promising curing technique for the production of carbon fiber reinforced composites (CFRCs). It exploits the exothermicity of polymerization reactions to convert liquid monomers to a solid 3D network. A self-sustaining curing reaction is triggered by heat or UV-radiation, resulting in a localized thermal reaction zone that propagates through the resin formulation. To date, frontal polymerization is limited to CFRCs with a low fiber volume percent as heat losses compromise on the propagation of the heat front, which is crucial for this autocatalytic curing mechanism. In addition, the choice of suitable epoxy monomers and thermal radical initiators is limited, as highly reactive cycloaliphatic epoxies as well as peroxides decarboxylate during radical induced cationic frontal polymerization. The resulting networks suffer from high defect rates and inferior mechanical properties. Herein, we overcome these shortcomings by introducing redox cationic frontal polymerization (RCFP) as a new frontal curing concept. In the first part of this study, the influence of stannous octoate (reducing agent) was studied on a frontally cured bisphenol A diglycidyl ether resin and mechanical and thermal properties were compared to a conventional anhydride cured counterpart. In a subsequent step, a quasi-isotropic CFRC with a fiber volume of >50 vol%, was successfully cured via RCFP. The composite exhibited a glass transition temperature > 100 °C and a low number of defects. Finally, it was demonstrated that the redox agent effectively prevents decarboxylation during frontal polymerization of a cycloaliphatic epoxy, demonstrating the versatility of RCFP in future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Markus Wolfahrt
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben Rossegerstraße 12 8700 Leoben Austria
| | - Sandra Schlögl
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben Rossegerstraße 12 8700 Leoben Austria
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Lim WB, Kim JW, Lee JH, Bae JH, Min JG, Huh P. Synthesis of a Room-Temperature Curable Acrylic-Urethane Polymer Binder for Road Markings with High Transmittance. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1322. [PMID: 36770328 PMCID: PMC9920224 DOI: 10.3390/ma16031322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Triol acrylic-urethane (t-AU) was synthesized from an addition reaction using trimethylolpropane, hexamethylene diisocyanate, and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate. The novel acrylic-urethane polymer was applied to a high-performance binder to prepare a reliable road marking paint. Acrylic-urethane polymer binder formulations were designed to optimize the effect of t-AU on the physical properties. The t-AU content in the formulation affected the adhesion and optical properties. The improvement in the adhesive performance and transparency ability for road markings was attributed to the optimal chemical structure or design of the acrylic-urethane polymer. The synthesis of t-AU was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and molecular weight and polydispersity index (PDI; PDI = Mw/Mn) measurements. The tensile and shear strength, hardness, gel fraction, crosslink density, contact angle, and transmittance of the acrylic-urethane polymer binder (AUP) were evaluated by curing at room temperature using a redox initiator system. An optimized AUP by adding 5 wt.% t-AU provides a viable alternative to high-performance binders in road marking paints.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - PilHo Huh
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-51-510-3637
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Le Dot M, Giacoletto N, Morlet-Savary F, Graff B, Monnier V, Gigmes D, Nechab M, Dumur F, Gerard P, Lalevée J. Synergistic Approach of Type I Hybrid Complexes for highly efficient Metal-based Initiating Strategies: Toward low energy-consuming polymerization for Thermoplastic Composite Implementation. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Recent Advances on Photobleachable Visible Light Photoinitiators of Polymerization. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Barrat A, Simon F, Mazajczyk J, Charriere B, Fouquay S, Lalevee J. Thiophenium Salts as New Oxidant for Redox Polymerization under Mild- and Low-Toxicity Conditions. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020627. [PMID: 36677685 PMCID: PMC9861688 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In mild conditions (under air, room temperature, no monomer purification and without any energy activation), redox free radical polymerization (RFRP) is considered as one of the most effective methods to polymerize (meth)acrylate monomers. In the past several years, there has been a growing interest in research on the development of new redox initiating systems (RISs), thanks mainly to the evolution of toxicity labeling and the stability issue of the current RIS based on peroxide and aromatic amine. In this study, a new, low-toxicity RIS based on thiophenium salt as the oxidant species is presented with various reductive species. The reactivity and the stability of the proposed RISs are investigated and the synthesis of new thiophenium salts reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Barrat
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg, F-67081, France
- Bostik Smart Technology Centre, F-60280 Venette, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Jacques Lalevee
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg, F-67081, France
- Correspondence:
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Rashid MS, Liu G, Yousaf B, Hamid Y, Rehman A, Arif M, Ahmed R, Ashraf A, Song Y. A critical review on biochar-assisted free radicals mediated redox reactions influencing transformation of potentially toxic metals: Occurrence, formation, and environmental applications. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 315:120335. [PMID: 36202269 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Potentially toxic metals have become a viable threat to the ecosystem due to their carcinogenic nature. Biochar has gained substantial interest due to its redox-mediated processes and redox-active metals. Biochar has the capacity to directly adsorb the pollutants from contaminated environments through several mechanisms such as coprecipitation, complexation, ion exchange, and electrostatic interaction. Biochar's electron-mediating potential may be influenced by the cyclic transition of surface moieties and conjugated carbon structures. Thus, pyrolysis configuration, biomass material, retention time, oxygen flow, and heating time also affect biochar's redox properties. Generally, reactive oxygen species (ROS) exist as free radicals (FRs) in radical and non-radical forms, i.e., hydroxyl radical, superoxide, nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide, and singlet oxygen. Heavy metals are involved in the production of FRs during redox-mediated reactions, which may contribute to ROS formation. This review aims to critically evaluate the redox-mediated characteristics of biochar produced from various biomass feedstocks under different pyrolysis conditions. In addition, we assessed the impact of biochar-assisted FRs redox-mediated processes on heavy metal immobilization and mobility. We also revealed new insights into the function of FRs in biochar and its potential uses for environment-friendly remediation and reducing the dependency on fossil-based materials, utilizing local residual biomass as a raw material in terms of sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saqib Rashid
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China
| | - Guijian Liu
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710075, China.
| | - Balal Yousaf
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710075, China
| | - Yasir Hamid
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Abdul Rehman
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China
| | - Muhammad Arif
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China; Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
| | - Rafay Ahmed
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China
| | - Aniqa Ashraf
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China
| | - Yu Song
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China; School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, PR China
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Dumur F. Recent advances on benzylidene cyclopentanones as visible light photoinitiators of polymerization. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Liu Y, Zhu Y, Mu B, Wang X, Wang A. Fenton-like redox-initiated synthesis of superabsorbent composites with excellent water retention and swelling properties based on green tea and oil shale semi-coke. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Lin JT, Lalevee J, Cheng DC. Efficacy analysis of new copper complex for visible light (455, 530 nm) radical/cationic photopolymerization: The synergic effects and catalytic cycle. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270679. [PMID: 35881581 PMCID: PMC9321381 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The kinetics and the conversion features of two 3-component systems (A/B/N), based on the proposed new kinetic schemes of Mokbel and Mau et al, in which a visible LED is used to excite a copper complex to its excited triplet state (G*). The coupling of G* with iodonium salt and ethyl 4-(dimethylamino)benzoate (EDB) produces both free radical polymerization (FRP) of acrylates and the free radical promoted cationic polymerization (CP) of epoxides using various new copper complex as the initiator. Higher FRP and CP conversion can be achieved by co-additive of [B] and N, via the dual function of (i) regeneration [A], and (ii) generation of extra radicals. The interpenetrated polymer network (IPN) capable of initiating both FRP and CP in a blend of TMPTA and EPOX. The synergic effects due to CP include: (i) CP can increase viscosity limiting the diffusional oxygen replenishment; (ii) the cation also acts as a diluting agent for the IPN network, and (iii) the exothermic property of the CP. The catalytic cycle, synergic effects, and the oxygen inhibition are theoretically confirmed to support the experimental hypothesis. The measured results of Mokbel and Mau et al are well analyzed and matching the predicted features of our modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacques Lalevee
- CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, Université de Haute-Alsace, Mulhouse, France
| | - Da-Chuan Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taichong, Taiwan, ROC
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Liu Z, Dumur F. Recent Advances on Visible Light Coumarin-based Oxime Esters as Initiators of Polymerization. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Efficacy modeling of new multi-functional benzophenone-based system for free-radical/cationic hybrid-photopolymerization using 405 nm LED. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-02939-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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20
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Stevens LM, Tagnon C, Page ZA. "Invisible" Digital Light Processing 3D Printing with Near Infrared Light. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:22912-22920. [PMID: 35080842 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The ability to 3D print structures with low-intensity, long-wavelength light will broaden the materials scope to facilitate inclusion of biological components and nanoparticles. Current materials limitations arise from the pervasive absorption, scattering, and/or degradation that occurs upon exposure to high-intensity, short-wavelength (ultraviolet) light, which is the present-day standard used in light-based 3D printers. State-of-the-art techniques have recently extended printability to orange/red light. However, as the wavelength of light increases, so do the inherent challenges to match the speed and resolution of traditional UV light-induced solidification processes (i.e., photocuring). Herein, a photosystem is demonstrated to enable low-intensity (<5 mW/cm2), long-wavelength (∼850 nm) near-infrared (NIR) light-driven 3D printing, "invisible" to the human eye. The combination of a NIR absorbing cyanine dye with electron-rich and -deficient redox pairs was required for rapid photocuring in a catalytic manner. The rate of polymerization and time to solidification upon exposure to NIR light were characterized via in situ spectroscopic and rheological monitoring. Translation to NIR digital light processing (projection-based) 3D printing was accomplished through rigorous optimization of resin composition and printing parameters to balance the speed (<60 s/layer) and resolution (<300 μm features). As a proof-of-concept, composite 3D printing with nanoparticle-infused resins was accomplished. Preliminary analysis showed improved feature fidelity for structures produced with NIR relative to UV light. The present report provides key insight that will inform next-generation light-based photocuring technology, such as wavelength-selective multimaterial 3D bio- and composite-printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn M Stevens
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Clotilde Tagnon
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Zachariah A Page
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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Kim K, Mascarenas A, Musgrave CB, Stansbury JW. Relocation and reinforcement of the adhesive/composite interface with spontaneous amine-peroxide interfacial polymerization. Dent Mater 2021; 37:1865-1872. [PMID: 34627632 PMCID: PMC8665081 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study demonstrates a spontaneous redox polymerization process located at the adhesive-composite interface that precedes photocure of the composite with the intent to improve bonding. METHODS An aromatic amine and benzoyl peroxide redox initiator system was partitioned between BAPO-photoinitiated BisGMA/HEMA adhesive and BisGMA/TEGDMA resin-composites. The composite was placed on the photocured adhesive layer with a brief delay before photopolymerization of the composite layer. Micro-tensile bond strength between the adhesive and composite was assessed in comparison with the non-redox active control materials. RESULTS The presence of amine or peroxide in these resins without the redox initiation contribution enhanced both the rate and the final conversion of the BAPO-based photopolymerizations. Control formulations using redox-only initiation showed active polymer formation starting at approximately 30 s when physical mixing of the redox components was involved; however, simply by waiting 60 s between composite placement and photocure provided adequate time for passive interfacial diffusion of benzoyl peroxide from the pre-cured adhesive into the overlaid aromatic amine-containing composite such that a sufficient degree of redox initiated interfacial polymerization occurred prior to the composite photocure. The result was a significant increase in the adhesive to composite micro-tensile bond strength with the failure site moved away from the mainly interfacial failure noted for the control. SIGNIFICANCE The stress-free autonomous pre-conversion of a redox-initiated thin film of composite that then provides a compositionally homogeneous interface for composite photopolymerization offers a means to enhance at least short-term bond strength between the adhesive and composite phases during restorative placement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangmin Kim
- University of Colorado, Chemistry, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - Charles B Musgrave
- University of Colorado, Chemistry, Boulder, CO, USA; Chemical and Biological Engineering, Boulder, CO, USA; Materials Science and Engineering, Boulder, CO, USA; National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Stansbury
- School of Dental Medicine, Craniofacial Biology, Aurora, CO, USA; Chemical and Biological Engineering, Boulder, CO, USA; Materials Science and Engineering, Boulder, CO, USA.
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Lin JT, Lalevee J, Liu HW. Efficacy Analysis of In Situ Synthesis of Nanogold via Copper/Iodonium/Amine/Gold System under a Visible Light. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:4013. [PMID: 34833312 PMCID: PMC8622602 DOI: 10.3390/polym13224013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This article presents, for the first time, the kinetics and the general features of a photopolymerization system (under visible light), copper-complex/Iodonium/triethylamine/gold-chloride (orA/B/N/G), with initial concentrations of A0, B0, N0 and G0, based on the proposed mechanism of Tar et al. Analytic formulas were developed to explore the new features, including: (i) both free radical photopolymerization (FRP) efficacy and the production of nanogold (NG), which are proportional to the relative concentration ratios of (A0 + B0 + N0)/G0 and may be optimized for maximum efficacy; (ii) the two competing procedures of NG production and the efficacy of FRP, which can be tailored for an optimal system with nanogold in the polymer matrix; (iii) the FRP efficacy, which is contributed by three components given by the excited state of copper complex (T), and the radicals (R and S) produced by iodonium and amine, respectively; (iv) NG production, which is contributed by the coupling of T and radical (S) with gold ion; and (v) NG production, which has a transient state proportional to the light intensity and the concentration ratio A0/G0) + (N0/(K'M0), but also a steady-state independent of the light intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Teng Lin
- New Photon Corp., 10F, No. 55, Sect. 3, Xinbei Blvd, Xinzhuang, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan;
| | - Jacques Lalevee
- CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, Université de Haute-Alsace, F-68100 Mulhouse, France;
| | - Hsia-Wei Liu
- Department of Life Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan
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Matušková E, Vinklárek J, Honzíček J. Effect of Accelerators on the Curing of Unsaturated Polyester Resins: Kinetic Model for Room Temperature Curing. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c02963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eliška Matušková
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Macromolecular Materials, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Jaromír Vinklárek
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Honzíček
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Macromolecular Materials, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
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Zhao Y, Rollet M, Charles L, Canard G, Gigmes D, Vanelle P, Broggi J. Switching from Single to Simultaneous Free‐Radical and Anionic Polymerization with Enamine‐Based Organic Electron Donors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Zhao
- Aix Marseille Univ CNRS Institut de Chimie Radicalaire (ICR) 13013 Marseille France
| | - Marion Rollet
- Aix Marseille Univ CNRS Institut de Chimie Radicalaire (ICR) 13013 Marseille France
| | - Laurence Charles
- Aix Marseille Univ CNRS Institut de Chimie Radicalaire (ICR) 13013 Marseille France
| | - Gabriel Canard
- Aix Marseille Univ CNRS Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM) 13288 Marseille France
| | - Didier Gigmes
- Aix Marseille Univ CNRS Institut de Chimie Radicalaire (ICR) 13013 Marseille France
| | - Patrice Vanelle
- Aix Marseille Univ CNRS Institut de Chimie Radicalaire (ICR) 13013 Marseille France
| | - Julie Broggi
- Aix Marseille Univ CNRS Institut de Chimie Radicalaire (ICR) 13013 Marseille France
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Zhao Y, Rollet M, Charles L, Canard G, Gigmes D, Vanelle P, Broggi J. Switching from Single to Simultaneous Free-Radical and Anionic Polymerization with Enamine-Based Organic Electron Donors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:19389-19396. [PMID: 34157792 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Although most monomers can polymerize through different propagation pathways, polymerization-initiating systems that can switch from one mode to another are rare. In this study, we demonstrate that enamine-based organic electron donors (OEDs) constitute the first systems able to initiate either free-radical or anionic polymerization under simple, mild, and safe conditions. While direct electron-transfer reduction of monomers by OEDs results in the initiation of anionic chain-growth polymerization, introduction of a competing oxidant with a higher reduction potential than the monomer switches the former anionic propagation to a clean radical-propagation process. The benefit of this dual-mode activator is highlighted in the synthesis of an interpenetrating polymer network through simultaneous initiation of radical and anionic propagation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Zhao
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire (ICR), 13013, Marseille, France
| | - Marion Rollet
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire (ICR), 13013, Marseille, France
| | - Laurence Charles
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire (ICR), 13013, Marseille, France
| | - Gabriel Canard
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), 13288, Marseille, France
| | - Didier Gigmes
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire (ICR), 13013, Marseille, France
| | - Patrice Vanelle
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire (ICR), 13013, Marseille, France
| | - Julie Broggi
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire (ICR), 13013, Marseille, France
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Giacoletto N, Dumur F. Recent Advances in bis-Chalcone-Based Photoinitiators of Polymerization: From Mechanistic Investigations to Applications. Molecules 2021; 26:3192. [PMID: 34073491 PMCID: PMC8199041 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past several decades, photopolymerization has become an active research field, and the ongoing efforts to develop new photoinitiating systems are supported by the different applications in which this polymerization technique is involved-including dentistry, 3D and 4D printing, adhesives, and laser writing. In the search for new structures, bis-chalcones that combine two chalcones' moieties within a unique structure were determined as being promising photosensitizers to initiate both the free-radical polymerization of acrylates and the cationic polymerization of epoxides. In this review, an overview of the different bis-chalcones reported to date is provided. Parallel to the mechanistic investigations aiming at elucidating the polymerization mechanisms, bis-chalcones-based photoinitiating systems were used for different applications, which are detailed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frédéric Dumur
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, F-13397 Marseille, France
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31
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Giacoletto N, Ibrahim-Ouali M, Dumur F. Recent advances on squaraine-based photoinitiators of polymerization. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Liu Y, Wu J, Hu X, Zhu N, Guo K. Advances, Challenges, and Opportunities of Poly(γ-butyrolactone)-Based Recyclable Polymers. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:284-296. [PMID: 35570792 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The discovery and prosperous growth of synthetic polymers have presented both significant advantages and daunting challenges in the last century. To address the issues of environmental pollution and fossil consumption, recyclable, degradable, and/or biobased polymers have been given much attention in the polymer science community. This viewpoint focuses on the emerging fully chemical recyclable poly(γ-butyrolactone)-based polymers. The breakthrough from nonpolymerizable to efficient polymerization is highlighted by the benefits of the development of a series of catalysis for ring-opening polymerization of γ-butyrolactone. Subsequently, the design of γ-butyrolactone derivatives and synthesis of more recyclable polymers are summarized together with the discussions about the structure and property relationship. Finally, the remaining challenges and promising opportunities are suggested in order to provide insights into the further direction for sustainable polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihuan Liu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
| | - Jiaqi Wu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
| | - Xin Hu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
| | - Ning Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
| | - Kai Guo
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
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33
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Lai H, Zhu D, Peng X, Zhang J, Lalevée J, Xiao P. N-Aryl glycines as versatile initiators for various polymerizations. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00030f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
N-(1-Pyrenyl)glycine can act as a versatile initiator for various polymerizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Lai
- Research School of Chemistry
- Australian National University
- Canberra
- Australia
| | - D. Zhu
- Research School of Chemistry
- Australian National University
- Canberra
- Australia
| | - X. Peng
- Research School of Chemistry
- Australian National University
- Canberra
- Australia
| | - J. Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Monash University
- Clayton
- Australia
| | - J. Lalevée
- Université de Haute-Alsace
- CNRS
- F-68100 Mulhouse
- France
- Université de Strasbourg
| | - P. Xiao
- Research School of Chemistry
- Australian National University
- Canberra
- Australia
- Université de Haute-Alsace
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Musgrave III CB, Kim K, Singstock NR, Salazar AM, Stansbury JW, Musgrave CB. Computational and Experimental Evaluation of Peroxide Oxidants for Amine–Peroxide Redox Polymerization. Macromolecules 2020; 53:9736-9746. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles B. Musgrave III
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Kangmin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Nicholas R. Singstock
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Austyn M. Salazar
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- School of Dental Medicine, Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Jeffrey W. Stansbury
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- School of Dental Medicine, Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Charles B. Musgrave
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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Ahn D, Stevens LM, Zhou K, Page ZA. Rapid High-Resolution Visible Light 3D Printing. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2020; 6:1555-1563. [PMID: 32999930 PMCID: PMC7517116 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c00929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Light-driven 3D printing to convert liquid resins into solid objects (i.e., photocuring) has traditionally been dominated by engineering disciplines, yielding the fastest build speeds and highest resolution of any additive manufacturing process. However, the reliance on high-energy UV/violet light limits the materials scope due to degradation and attenuation (e.g., absorption and/or scattering). Chemical innovation to shift the spectrum into more mild and tunable visible wavelengths promises to improve compatibility and expand the repertoire of accessible objects, including those containing biological compounds, nanocomposites, and multimaterial structures. Photochemistry at these longer wavelengths currently suffers from slow reaction times precluding its utility. Herein, novel panchromatic photopolymer resins were developed and applied for the first time to realize rapid high-resolution visible light 3D printing. The combination of electron-deficient and electron-rich coinitiators was critical to overcoming the speed-limited photocuring with visible light. Furthermore, azo-dyes were identified as vital resin components to confine curing to irradiation zones, improving spatial resolution. A unique screening method was used to streamline optimization (e.g., exposure time and azo-dye loading) and correlate resin composition to resolution, cure rate, and mechanical performance. Ultimately, a versatile and general visible-light-based printing method was shown to afford (1) stiff and soft objects with feature sizes <100 μm, (2) build speeds up to 45 mm/h, and (3) mechanical isotropy, rivaling modern UV-based 3D printing technology and providing a foundation from which bio- and composite-printing can emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dowon Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Lynn M. Stevens
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Kevin Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Zachariah A. Page
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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37
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Recent Advances on Copper Complexes as Visible Light Photoinitiators and (Photo) Redox Initiators of Polymerization. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10090953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal complexes are used in numerous chemical and photochemical processes in organic chemistry. Metal complexes have not been excluded from the interest of polymerists to convert liquid resins into solid materials. If iridium complexes have demonstrated their remarkable photochemical reactivity in polymerization, their high costs and their attested toxicities have rapidly discarded these complexes for further developments. Conversely, copper complexes are a blooming field of research in (photo) polymerization due to their low cost, easy syntheses, long-living excited state lifetimes, and their remarkable chemical and photochemical stabilities. Copper complexes can also be synthesized in solution and by mechanochemistry, paving the way towards the synthesis of photoinitiators by Green synthetic approaches. In this review, an overview of the different copper complexes reported to date is presented. Copper complexes are versatile candidates for polymerization, as these complexes are now widely used not only in photopolymerization, but also in redox and photoassisted redox polymerization processes.
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Monocomponent Photoinitiators based on Benzophenone-Carbazole Structure for LED Photoinitiating Systems and Application on 3D Printing. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12061394. [PMID: 32580350 PMCID: PMC7362224 DOI: 10.3390/polym12061394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, different substituents (benzoyl, acetyl, styryl) are introduced onto the carbazole scaffold to obtain 8 novel carbazole derivatives. Interestingly, a benzoyl substituent, connected to a carbazole group, could form a benzophenone moiety, which composes a monocomponent Type II benzophenone-carbazole photoinitiator (PI). The synergetic effect of the benzophenone moiety and the amine in the carbazole moiety is expected to produce high performance photoinitiating systems (PISs) for the free radical photopolymerization (FRP). For different substituents, clear effects on the light absorption properties are demonstrated using UV-Visible absorption spectroscopy. Benzophenone-carbazole PIs can initiate the FRP of acrylates alone (monocomponent Type II photoinitiator behavior). In addition, fast polymerization rates and high function conversions of acrylate are observed when an amine and/or an iodonium salt are added in systems. Benzophenone-carbazole PIs have good efficiencies in cationic photopolymerization (CP) upon LED @ 365 nm irradiation in the presence of iodonium salt. In contrast, other PIs without synergetic effect demonstrate unsatisfied photopolymerization profiles in the same conditions. The best PIS identified for the free radical photopolymerization were used in three-dimensional (3D) printing. Steady state photolysis and fluorescence quenching experiments were carried out to investigate the reactivity and the photochemistry and photophysical properties of PIs. The free radicals, generated from the studied PISs, are detected by the electron spin resonance - spin trapping technique. The proposed chemical mechanisms are provided and the structure/reactivity/efficiency relationships are also discussed. All the results showed that the benzophenone-carbazole PIs have a good application potential, and this work provides a rational design route for PI molecules. Remarkably, BPC2-BPC4, C6, C8 were never synthetized before; therefore, 5 of the 8 compounds are completely new.
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Arar A, Mousawi AA, Boyadjian C, Garra P, Fouassier JP, Lalevée J. Diphenylsilane‐Manganese Acetylacetonate Redox Initiating Systems: Toward Amine‐Free and Peroxide‐Free Systems. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202000058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Arar
- Université de Haute‐AlsaceCNRS IS2M UMR 7361 Mulhouse F‐68100 France
- Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg F‐67081 France
| | - Assi Al Mousawi
- Université de Haute‐AlsaceCNRS IS2M UMR 7361 Mulhouse F‐68100 France
- Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg F‐67081 France
- American University of BeirutMaroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and ArchitectureBaha & Walid Bassatne Department of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Energy P. O. Box 11‐0236 Riad El‐Solh Beirut 1107 2020 Lebanon
| | - Cassia Boyadjian
- American University of BeirutMaroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and ArchitectureBaha & Walid Bassatne Department of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Energy P. O. Box 11‐0236 Riad El‐Solh Beirut 1107 2020 Lebanon
| | - Patxi Garra
- Université de Haute‐AlsaceCNRS IS2M UMR 7361 Mulhouse F‐68100 France
- Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg F‐67081 France
| | - Jean Pierre Fouassier
- Université de Haute‐AlsaceCNRS IS2M UMR 7361 Mulhouse F‐68100 France
- Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg F‐67081 France
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Université de Haute‐AlsaceCNRS IS2M UMR 7361 Mulhouse F‐68100 France
- Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg F‐67081 France
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40
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Koyuncu S, Hu P, Li Z, Liu R, Bilgili H, Yagci Y. Fluorene–Carbazole-Based Porous Polymers by Photoinduced Electron Transfer Reactions. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sermet Koyuncu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17100 Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Peng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- International Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiquan Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- International Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ren Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- International Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hakan Bilgili
- Central Research Laboratories, Izmir Katip Celebi University, 35620 İzmir, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
- King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, 21589 Jeddah, SaudiArabia
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41
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Li J, Li S, Li Y, Li R, Nie J, Zhu X. In situ monitoring of photopolymerization by photoinitiator with luminescence characteristics. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.112225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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42
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Wang D, Arar A, Garra P, Graff B, Lalevée J. Charge Transfer Complexes based on Various Amines as Dual Thermal and Photochemical Polymerization Initiators: A Powerful Tool for the Access to Composites. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20190248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dengxia Wang
- Université de Haute‐AlsaceCNRS, IS2M UMR 7361 F‐68100 Mulhouse France
- Université de Strasbourg 67000 Strasbourg France
- Shandong Institute of Nonmetallic Materials Jinan 250031 China
| | - Ahmad Arar
- Université de Haute‐AlsaceCNRS, IS2M UMR 7361 F‐68100 Mulhouse France
- Université de Strasbourg 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Patxi Garra
- Université de Haute‐AlsaceCNRS, IS2M UMR 7361 F‐68100 Mulhouse France
- Université de Strasbourg 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Bernadette Graff
- Université de Haute‐AlsaceCNRS, IS2M UMR 7361 F‐68100 Mulhouse France
- Université de Strasbourg 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Université de Haute‐AlsaceCNRS, IS2M UMR 7361 F‐68100 Mulhouse France
- Université de Strasbourg 67000 Strasbourg France
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43
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Wang D, Garra P, Fouassier JP, Lalevée J. Silane/iodonium salt as redox/thermal/photoinitiating systems in radical and cationic polymerizations for laser write and composites. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01819k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Methylphenylsilane (MPS) and octadecylsilane (ODS) are originally proposed here combined with iodonium salt as a highly versatile triple initiating system for redox, photo and thermal polymerizations (both radical and cationic).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengxia Wang
- Université de Haute-Alsace
- CNRS
- F-68100 Mulhouse
- France
- Université de Strasbourg
| | - Patxi Garra
- Université de Haute-Alsace
- CNRS
- F-68100 Mulhouse
- France
- Université de Strasbourg
| | | | - Jacques Lalevée
- Université de Haute-Alsace
- CNRS
- F-68100 Mulhouse
- France
- Université de Strasbourg
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44
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Liu S, Brunel D, Sun K, Xu Y, Morlet-Savary F, Graff B, Xiao P, Dumur F, Lalevée J. A monocomponent bifunctional benzophenone–carbazole type II photoinitiator for LED photoinitiating systems. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00644k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A bifunctional benzophenone–carbazole-based photoinitiator (BPC) was designed from its molecular structure viewpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohui Liu
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse
- IS2M-UMR CNRS 7361
- UHA
- Cedex 68057 Mulhouse
- France
| | - Damien Brunel
- Aix Marseille Univ
- CNRS
- ICR UMR 7273
- F-13397 Marseille
- France
| | - Ke Sun
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse
- IS2M-UMR CNRS 7361
- UHA
- Cedex 68057 Mulhouse
- France
| | - Yangyang Xu
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse
- IS2M-UMR CNRS 7361
- UHA
- Cedex 68057 Mulhouse
- France
| | - Fabrice Morlet-Savary
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse
- IS2M-UMR CNRS 7361
- UHA
- Cedex 68057 Mulhouse
- France
| | - Bernadette Graff
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse
- IS2M-UMR CNRS 7361
- UHA
- Cedex 68057 Mulhouse
- France
| | - Pu Xiao
- Research School of Chemistry
- Australian National University
- Canberra
- Australia
| | - Frédéric Dumur
- Aix Marseille Univ
- CNRS
- ICR UMR 7273
- F-13397 Marseille
- France
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse
- IS2M-UMR CNRS 7361
- UHA
- Cedex 68057 Mulhouse
- France
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45
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Recent Advances on Visible Light Metal-Based Photocatalysts for Polymerization under Low Light Intensity. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9090736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, polymerization processes activated by light have attracted a great deal of interest due to the wide range of applications in which this polymerization technique is involved. Parallel to the traditional industrial applications ranging from inks, adhesives, and coatings, the development of high-tech applications such as nanotechnology and 3D-printing have given a revival of interest to this polymerization technique known for decades. To initiate a photochemical polymerization, the key element is the molecule capable to interact with light, i.e., the photoinitiator and more generally the photoinitiating system, as a combination of several components is often required to create the reactive species responsible for the polymerization process. With the aim of reducing the photoinitiator content while optimizing the polymerization yield and/or the polymerization speed, photocatalytic systems have been developed, enabling the photosensitizer to be regenerated during the polymerization process. In this review, an overview of the photocatalytic systems developed for polymerizations carried out under a low light intensity and visible light is provided. Over the years, a wide range of organometallic photocatalysts has been proposed, addressing both the polymerization efficiency and/or the toxicity, as well as environmental issues.
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46
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Wang D, Garra P, Fouassier JP, Graff B, Yagci Y, Lalevée J. Indole-based charge transfer complexes as versatile dual thermal and photochemical polymerization initiators for 3D printing and composites. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00878k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Indole-based Charge Transfer Complexes (CTCs) are newly presented dual photo/thermal initiators for safe and robust polymerizations in high tech applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengxia Wang
- Université de Haute-Alsace
- CNRS
- IS2M UMR 7361
- F-68100 Mulhouse
- France
| | - Patxi Garra
- Université de Haute-Alsace
- CNRS
- IS2M UMR 7361
- F-68100 Mulhouse
- France
| | | | - Bernadette Graff
- Université de Haute-Alsace
- CNRS
- IS2M UMR 7361
- F-68100 Mulhouse
- France
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Department of Chemistry
- Istanbul Technical University
- Maslak
- Turkey
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Université de Haute-Alsace
- CNRS
- IS2M UMR 7361
- F-68100 Mulhouse
- France
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