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Cross-Regulation of the Cellular Redox System, Oxygen, and Sphingolipid Signalling. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030426. [PMID: 36984866 PMCID: PMC10054022 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Redox-active mediators are now appreciated as powerful molecules to regulate cellular dynamics such as viability, proliferation, migration, cell contraction, and relaxation, as well as gene expression under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. These molecules include the various reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the gasotransmitters nitric oxide (NO∙), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). For each of these molecules, direct targets have been identified which transmit the signal from the cellular redox state to a cellular response. Besides these redox mediators, various sphingolipid species have turned out as highly bioactive with strong signalling potential. Recent data suggest that there is a cross-regulation existing between the redox mediators and sphingolipid molecules that have a fundamental impact on a cell’s fate and organ function. This review will summarize the effects of the different redox-active mediators on sphingolipid signalling and metabolism, and the impact of this cross-talk on pathophysiological processes. The relevance of therapeutic approaches will be highlighted.
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2
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Burtscher J, Pepe G, Maharjan N, Riguet N, Di Pardo A, Maglione V, Millet GP. Sphingolipids and impaired hypoxic stress responses in Huntington disease. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 90:101224. [PMID: 36898481 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Huntington disease (HD) is a debilitating, currently incurable disease. Protein aggregation and metabolic deficits are pathological hallmarks but their link to neurodegeneration and symptoms remains debated. Here, we summarize alterations in the levels of different sphingolipids in an attempt to characterize sphingolipid patterns specific to HD, an additional molecular hallmark of the disease. Based on the crucial role of sphingolipids in maintaining cellular homeostasis, the dynamic regulation of sphingolipids upon insults and their involvement in cellular stress responses, we hypothesize that maladaptations or blunted adaptations, especially following cellular stress due to reduced oxygen supply (hypoxia) contribute to the development of pathology in HD. We review how sphingolipids shape cellular energy metabolism and control proteostasis and suggest how these functions may fail in HD and in combination with additional insults. Finally, we evaluate the potential of improving cellular resilience in HD by conditioning approaches (improving the efficiency of cellular stress responses) and the role of sphingolipids therein. Sphingolipid metabolism is crucial for cellular homeostasis and for adaptations following cellular stress, including hypoxia. Inadequate cellular management of hypoxic stress likely contributes to HD progression, and sphingolipids are potential mediators. Targeting sphingolipids and the hypoxic stress response are novel treatment strategies for HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Burtscher
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Giuseppe Pepe
- IRCCS Neuromed, Via Dell'Elettronica, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Niran Maharjan
- Department of Neurology, Center for Experimental Neurology, Inselspital University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Department for Biomedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Alba Di Pardo
- IRCCS Neuromed, Via Dell'Elettronica, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | | | - Grégoire P Millet
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
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3
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Kang Y, Sundaramoorthy P, Gasparetto C, Feinberg D, Fan S, Long G, Sellars E, Garrett A, Tuchman SA, Reeves BN, Li Z, Liu B, Ogretmen B, Maines L, Ben-Yair VK, Smith C, Plasse T. Phase I study of opaganib, an oral sphingosine kinase 2-specific inhibitor, in relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma. Ann Hematol 2023; 102:369-383. [PMID: 36460794 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-022-05056-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable disease and there is an unmet medical need for novel therapeutic drugs that do not share similar mechanisms of action with currently available agents. Sphingosine kinase 2 (SK2) is an innovative molecular target for anticancer therapy. We previously reported that treatment with SK2 inhibitor opaganib inhibited myeloma tumor growth in vitro and in vivo in a mouse xenograft model. In the current study, we performed a phase I study of opaganib in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). Thirteen patients with RRMM previously treated with immunomodulatory agents and proteasome inhibitors were enrolled and treated with single-agent opaganib at three oral dosing regimens (250 mg BID, 500 mg BID, or 750 mg BID, 28 days as a cycle). Safety and maximal tolerated dose (MTD) were determined. Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and correlative studies were also performed. Opaganib was well tolerated up to a dose of 750 mg BID. The most common possibly related adverse event (AE) was decreased neutrophil counts. There were no serious AEs considered to be related to opaganib. MTD was determined as at least 750 mg BID. On an intent-to-treat basis, one patient (7.7%) in the 500 mg BID dose cohort showed a very good partial response, and one other patient (7.7%) achieved stable disease for 3 months. SK2 is an innovative molecular target for antimyeloma therapy. The first-in-class SK2 inhibitor opaganib is generally safe for administration to RRMM patients, and has potential therapeutic activity in these patients. Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02757326.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Kang
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 2400 Pratt Street, Suite 5000, Durham, NC, DUMC 396127710, USA.
| | - Pasupathi Sundaramoorthy
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 2400 Pratt Street, Suite 5000, Durham, NC, DUMC 396127710, USA
| | - Cristina Gasparetto
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 2400 Pratt Street, Suite 5000, Durham, NC, DUMC 396127710, USA
| | - Daniel Feinberg
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 2400 Pratt Street, Suite 5000, Durham, NC, DUMC 396127710, USA
| | - Shengjun Fan
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 2400 Pratt Street, Suite 5000, Durham, NC, DUMC 396127710, USA
| | - Gwynn Long
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 2400 Pratt Street, Suite 5000, Durham, NC, DUMC 396127710, USA
| | - Emily Sellars
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 2400 Pratt Street, Suite 5000, Durham, NC, DUMC 396127710, USA
| | - Anderson Garrett
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 2400 Pratt Street, Suite 5000, Durham, NC, DUMC 396127710, USA
| | - Sascha A Tuchman
- Division of Hematology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Brandi N Reeves
- Division of Hematology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Zhiguo Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Bei Liu
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Besim Ogretmen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Lynn Maines
- Apogee Biotechnology Corporation, Hummelstown, PA, USA
| | | | - Charles Smith
- Apogee Biotechnology Corporation, Hummelstown, PA, USA
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4
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Transcriptional Regulation of Sphingosine Kinase 1. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112437. [PMID: 33171624 PMCID: PMC7695205 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Once thought to be primarily structural in nature, sphingolipids have become increasingly appreciated as second messengers in a wide array of signaling pathways. Sphingosine kinase 1, or SK1, is one of two sphingosine kinases that phosphorylate sphingosine into sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). S1P is generally pro-inflammatory, pro-angiogenic, immunomodulatory, and pro-survival; therefore, high SK1 expression and activity have been associated with certain inflammatory diseases and cancer. It is thus important to develop an understanding of the regulation of SK1 expression and activity. In this review, we explore the current literature on SK1 transcriptional regulation, illustrating a complex system of transcription factors, cytokines, and even micro-RNAs (miRNAs) on the post transcriptional level.
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Schneider G. S1P Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1223:129-153. [PMID: 32030688 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-35582-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), together with other phosphosphingolipids, has been found to regulate complex cellular function in the tumor microenvironment (TME) where it acts as a signaling molecule that participates in cell-cell communication. S1P, through intracellular and extracellular signaling, was found to promote tumor growth, angiogenesis, chemoresistance, and metastasis; it also regulates anticancer immune response, modulates inflammation, and promotes angiogenesis. Interestingly, cancer cells are capable of releasing S1P and thus modifying the behavior of the TME components in a way that contributes to tumor growth and progression. Therefore, S1P is considered an important therapeutic target, and several anticancer therapies targeting S1P signaling are being developed and tested in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Schneider
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Division of Medical Oncology & Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
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Alganga H, Almabrouk TAM, Katwan OJ, Daly CJ, Pyne S, Pyne NJ, Kennedy S. Short Periods of Hypoxia Upregulate Sphingosine Kinase 1 and Increase Vasodilation of Arteries to Sphingosine 1-Phosphate (S1P) via S1P 3. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 371:63-74. [PMID: 31371480 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.257931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine kinase [(SK), isoforms SK1 and SK2] catalyzes the formation of the bioactive lipid, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). This can be exported from cells and bind to S1P receptors to modulate vascular function. We investigated the effect of short-term hypoxia on SK1 expression and the response of arteries to S1P. SK1 expression in rat aortic and coronary artery endothelial cells was studied using immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. Responses of rat aortic rings were studied using wire myography and reversible hypoxia induced by bubbling myography chambers with 95% N2:5% CO2 Inhibitors were added 30 minutes before induction of hypoxia. S1P induced endothelium-dependent vasodilation via activation of S1P3 receptors and generation of nitric oxide. Hypoxia significantly increased relaxation to S1P and this was attenuated by (2R)-1-[[(4-[[3-methyl-5-[(phenylsulfonyl)methyl] phenoxy]methyl]phenyl]methyl]-2-pyrrolidinemethanol [(PF-543), SK1 inhibitor] but not (R)-FTY720 methyl ether [(ROMe), SK2 inhibitor]. Hypoxia also increased vessel contractility to the thromboxane mimetic, 9,11-dideoxy-11α,9α-epoxymethanoprostaglandin F2α, which was further increased by PF-543 and ROMe. Hypoxia upregulated SK1 expression in aortic and coronary artery endothelial cells and this was blocked by PF-543 and 2-(p-hydroxyanilino)-4-(p-chlorophenyl)thiazole [(SKi), SK1/2 inhibitor]. The effects of PF-543 and SKi were associated with increased proteasomal/lysosomal degradation of SK1. A short period of hypoxia increases the expression of SK1, which may generate S1P to oppose vessel contraction. Under hypoxic conditions, upregulation of SK1 is likely to lead to increased export of S1P from the cell and vasodilation via activation of endothelial S1P3 receptors. These data have significance for perfusion of tissue during episodes of ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Alganga
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (H.A., T.A.M.A., O.J.K., C.J.D., S.K.); Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., N.J.P.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zawia, Zawia, Libya (H.A., T.A.M.A.); and Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Diyala, Baqubah, Iraq (O.J.K.)
| | - T A M Almabrouk
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (H.A., T.A.M.A., O.J.K., C.J.D., S.K.); Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., N.J.P.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zawia, Zawia, Libya (H.A., T.A.M.A.); and Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Diyala, Baqubah, Iraq (O.J.K.)
| | - O J Katwan
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (H.A., T.A.M.A., O.J.K., C.J.D., S.K.); Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., N.J.P.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zawia, Zawia, Libya (H.A., T.A.M.A.); and Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Diyala, Baqubah, Iraq (O.J.K.)
| | - C J Daly
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (H.A., T.A.M.A., O.J.K., C.J.D., S.K.); Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., N.J.P.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zawia, Zawia, Libya (H.A., T.A.M.A.); and Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Diyala, Baqubah, Iraq (O.J.K.)
| | - S Pyne
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (H.A., T.A.M.A., O.J.K., C.J.D., S.K.); Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., N.J.P.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zawia, Zawia, Libya (H.A., T.A.M.A.); and Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Diyala, Baqubah, Iraq (O.J.K.)
| | - N J Pyne
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (H.A., T.A.M.A., O.J.K., C.J.D., S.K.); Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., N.J.P.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zawia, Zawia, Libya (H.A., T.A.M.A.); and Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Diyala, Baqubah, Iraq (O.J.K.)
| | - S Kennedy
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (H.A., T.A.M.A., O.J.K., C.J.D., S.K.); Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.P., N.J.P.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zawia, Zawia, Libya (H.A., T.A.M.A.); and Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Diyala, Baqubah, Iraq (O.J.K.)
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Brown E, Brunker J, Bohndiek SE. Photoacoustic imaging as a tool to probe the tumour microenvironment. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:12/7/dmm039636. [PMID: 31337635 PMCID: PMC6679374 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.039636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumour microenvironment (TME) is a complex cellular ecosystem subjected to chemical and physical signals that play a role in shaping tumour heterogeneity, invasion and metastasis. Studying the roles of the TME in cancer progression would strongly benefit from non-invasive visualisation of the tumour as a whole organ in vivo, both preclinically in mouse models of the disease, as well as in patient tumours. Although imaging techniques exist that can probe different facets of the TME, they face several limitations, including limited spatial resolution, extended scan times and poor specificity from confounding signals. Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is an emerging modality, currently in clinical trials, that has the potential to overcome these limitations. Here, we review the biological properties of the TME and potential of existing imaging methods that have been developed to analyse these properties non-invasively. We then introduce PAI and explore the preclinical and clinical evidence that support its use in probing multiple features of the TME simultaneously, including blood vessel architecture, blood oxygenation, acidity, extracellular matrix deposition, lipid concentration and immune cell infiltration. Finally, we highlight the future prospects and outstanding challenges in the application of PAI as a tool in cancer research and as part of a clinical oncologist's arsenal. Summary: This Review details the potential of photoacoustic imaging to visualise features of the tumour microenvironment such as blood vessels, hypoxia, fibrosis and immune infiltrate to provide unprecedented insight into tumour biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Brown
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK.,Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Joanna Brunker
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK.,Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Sarah E Bohndiek
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK .,Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
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Qiang GH, Wang ZX, Ji AL, Wu JY, Cao Y, Zhang G, Zhang YY, Jiang CP. Sphingosine kinase 1 knockout alleviates hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury by attenuating inflammation and oxidative stress in mice. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2019; 18:255-265. [PMID: 31027910 DOI: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury remains a significant problem in clinical practice. Sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) phosphorylates sphingosine to sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) which participates in multiple bioactive processes. However, little is known about the role of SphK1 in hepatic I/R injury. This study aimed to investigate the effect of SphK1 knockout on liver I/R injury and to explore underlying mechanisms. METHODS SphK1 knockout and wild type mice were subjected to 70% partial hepatic I/R. Serum alanine aminotransferase was determined to indicate the degree of liver damage. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and TUNEL assay were used to assess histological changes and hepatocellular apoptosis, respectively. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the expression and translocation of phosphorylated p65 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Western blotting was used to determine the expression of S1P receptor 1 (S1PR1), phosphorylated p65 and STAT3. Real-time PCR was used to demonstrate the changes of proinflammatory cytokines. Oxidative stress markers were also determined through biochemical assays. RESULTS SphK1 knockout significantly ameliorated I/R-induced liver damage, mitigated liver tissue necrosis and apoptosis compared with wild type control. I/R associated inflammation was alleviated in SphK1 knockout mice as demonstrated by attenuated expression of S1PR1 and reduced phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa B p65 and STAT3. The proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α were also inhibited by SphK1 genetic deletion. The oxidative stress markers were lower in SphK1 knockout mice after I/R injury than wild type mice. CONCLUSIONS Knockout of SphK1 significantly alleviated damage after hepatic I/R injury, possibly through inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress. SphK1 may be a novel and potent target in clinical practice in I/R-related liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Hui Qiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Drum Tower Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zhong-Xia Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Drum Tower Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - An-Lai Ji
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Drum Tower Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jun-Yi Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yin Cao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Drum Tower Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Guang Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Drum Tower Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yi-Yang Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Drum Tower Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Chun-Ping Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Drum Tower Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China.
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Sphingosine Kinase 1: A Potential Therapeutic Target in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension? Trends Mol Med 2017; 23:786-798. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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10
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MacRitchie N, Volpert G, Al Washih M, Watson DG, Futerman AH, Kennedy S, Pyne S, Pyne NJ. Effect of the sphingosine kinase 1 selective inhibitor, PF-543 on arterial and cardiac remodelling in a hypoxic model of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Cell Signal 2016; 28:946-55. [PMID: 27063355 PMCID: PMC4913619 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that the expression of sphingosine kinase 1, the enzyme that catalyses formation of the bioactive lipid, sphingosine 1-phosphate, is increased in lungs from patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. In addition, Sk1−/− mice are protected from hypoxic-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension. Therefore, we assessed the effect of the sphingosine kinase 1 selective inhibitor, PF-543 and a sphingosine kinase 1/ceramide synthase inhibitor, RB-005 on pulmonary and cardiac remodelling in a mouse hypoxic model of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Administration of the potent sphingosine kinase 1 inhibitor, PF-543 in a mouse hypoxic model of pulmonary hypertension had no effect on vascular remodelling but reduced right ventricular hypertrophy. The latter was associated with a significant reduction in cardiomyocyte death. The protection involves a reduction in the expression of p53 (that promotes cardiomyocyte death) and an increase in the expression of anti-oxidant nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf-2). In contrast, RB-005 lacked effects on right ventricular hypertrophy, suggesting that sphingosine kinase 1 inhibition might be nullified by concurrent inhibition of ceramide synthase. Therefore, our findings with PF-543 suggest an important role for sphingosine kinase 1 in the development of hypertrophy in pulmonary arterial hypertension. PF-543, a sphingosine kinase 1 inhibitor reduces cardiac hypertrophy in a mouse pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) model This results in reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis PF-543 reduces PARP processing and p53 expression and increases Nrf-2 expression in the right ventricle of mice with PAH
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil MacRitchie
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Giora Volpert
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Insitute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Mohammed Al Washih
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - David G Watson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Anthony H Futerman
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Insitute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Simon Kennedy
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Susan Pyne
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Nigel J Pyne
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK.
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Pyne S, Adams DR, Pyne NJ. Sphingosine 1-phosphate and sphingosine kinases in health and disease: Recent advances. Prog Lipid Res 2016; 62:93-106. [PMID: 26970273 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine kinases (isoforms SK1 and SK2) catalyse the formation of a bioactive lipid, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). S1P is a well-established ligand of a family of five S1P-specific G protein coupled receptors but also has intracellular signalling roles. There is substantial evidence to support a role for sphingosine kinases and S1P in health and disease. This review summarises recent advances in the area in relation to receptor-mediated signalling by S1P and novel intracellular targets of this lipid. New evidence for a role of each sphingosine kinase isoform in cancer, the cardiovascular system, central nervous system, inflammation and diabetes is discussed. There is continued research to develop isoform selective SK inhibitors, summarised here. Analysis of the crystal structure of SK1 with the SK1-selective inhibitor, PF-543, is used to identify residues that could be exploited to improve selectivity in SK inhibitor development for future therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Pyne
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral St, Glasgow, G4 0RE, Scotland, UK.
| | - David R Adams
- School of Engineering & Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, UK.
| | - Nigel J Pyne
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral St, Glasgow, G4 0RE, Scotland, UK.
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12
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Zimmer J, Takahashi T, Duess JW, Hofmann AD, Puri P. Upregulation of S1P1 and Rac1 receptors in the pulmonary vasculature of nitrofen-induced congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Pediatr Surg Int 2016; 32:147-54. [PMID: 26543024 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-015-3825-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sphingolipids play a crucial role in pulmonary development. The sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) modulates the synthesis of sphingolipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). S1P regulates cell proliferation and angiogenesis via different receptors, S1P1, S1P2 and S1P3, which all influence the expression of Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1). We designed this study to test the hypothesis that the S1P/Rac1 pathway is altered in the nitrofen-induced CDH model. METHODS Pregnant rats received nitrofen or vehicle on D9. On D21, fetuses were killed and divided into nitrofen and control group (n = 12). QRT-PCR, western blotting and confocal-immunofluorescence microscopy were performed to reveal pulmonary gene and protein expression levels of SphK1, S1P1, S1P2, S1P3 and Rac1. RESULTS Pulmonary gene expression of S1P1 and Rac1 was significantly increased in the CDH group compared to controls, whereas S1P2 and S1P3 expression was decreased. These results were confirmed by western blotting and confocal microscopy. SphK1 expression was not found to be altered. CONCLUSION The increased expression of S1P1 and Rac1 in the pulmonary vasculature of nitrofen-induced CDH lungs suggests that S1P1 and Rac1 are important mediators of PH in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Zimmer
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Toshiaki Takahashi
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Johannes W Duess
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine and Medical Science and Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alejandro D Hofmann
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Prem Puri
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland.
- School of Medicine and Medical Science and Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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13
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Xing XQ, Li YL, Zhang YX, Xiao Y, Li ZD, Liu LQ, Zhou YS, Zhang HY, Liu YH, Zhang LH, Zhuang M, Chen YP, Ouyang SR, Wu XW, Yang J. Sphingosine kinase 1/sphingosine 1-phosphate signalling pathway as a potential therapeutic target of pulmonary hypertension. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:11930-5. [PMID: 26550106 DOI: pmid/26550106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension is characterized by extensive vascular remodelling, leading to increased pulmonary vascular resistance and eventual death due to right heart failure. The pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension involves vascular endothelial dysfunction and disordered vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and migration, but the exact processes remain unknown. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lysophospholipid involved in a wide spectrum of biological processes. S1P has been shown to regulate VSMC proliferation and migration and vascular tension via a family of five S1P G-protein-coupled receptors (S1P1-SIP5). S1P has been shown to have both a vasoconstrictive and vasodilating effect. The S1P receptors S1P1 and S1P3 promote, while S1P2 inhibits VSMC proliferation and migration in vitro in response to S1P. Moreover, it has been reported recently that sphingosine kinase 1 and S1P2 inhibitors might be useful therapeutic agents in the treatment of empirical pulmonary hypertension. The sphingosine kinase 1/S1P signalling pathways may play a role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension. Modulation of this pathway may offer novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Qian Xing
- First Department of Respiratory Medicine, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yan-Li Li
- First Department of Respiratory Medicine, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Zhang
- First Department of Respiratory Medicine, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- First Department of Respiratory Medicine, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhi-Dong Li
- First Department of Respiratory Medicine, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Li-Qiong Liu
- First Department of Respiratory Medicine, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yu-Shan Zhou
- First Department of Respiratory Medicine, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hong-Yan Zhang
- First Department of Respiratory Medicine, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yan-Hong Liu
- First Department of Respiratory Medicine, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Li-Hui Zhang
- First Department of Respiratory Medicine, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Min Zhuang
- First Department of Respiratory Medicine, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yan-Ping Chen
- First Department of Respiratory Medicine, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Sheng-Rong Ouyang
- First Department of Respiratory Medicine, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xu-Wei Wu
- First Department of Respiratory Medicine, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiao Yang
- First Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Inhibition of sphingosine kinase 2 downregulates the expression of c-Myc and Mcl-1 and induces apoptosis in multiple myeloma. Blood 2015; 124:1915-25. [PMID: 25122609 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-03-559385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipid metabolism is being increasingly recognized as a key pathway in regulating cancer cell survival and proliferation. However, very little is known about its role in multiple myeloma (MM). We investigated the potential of targeting sphingosine kinase 2 (SK2) for the treatment of MM. We found that SK2 was overexpressed in MM cell lines and in primary human bone marrow (BM) CD1381 myeloma cells. Inhibition of SK2 by SK2- specific short hairpin RNA or ABC294640 (a SK2 specific inhibitor) effectively inhibited myeloma cell proliferation and induced caspase 3–mediated apoptosis. ABC294640 inhibited primary human CD1381 myeloma cells with the same efficacy as with MM cell lines. ABC294640 effectively induced apoptosis of myeloma cells, even in the presence of BM stromal cells. Furthermore, we found that ABC294640 downregulated the expression of pS6 and directed c-Myc and myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl-1) for proteasome degradation. In addition, ABC294640 increased Noxa gene transcription and protein expression. ABC294640, per se, did not affect the expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), but acted synergistically with ABT-737 (a Bcl-2 inhibitor) in inducing myeloma cell death. ABC294640 suppressed myeloma tumor growth in vivo in mouse myeloma xenograft models. Our data demonstrated that SK2 provides a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of MM.This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01410981.
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15
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Chen J, Tang H, Sysol JR, Moreno-Vinasco L, Shioura KM, Chen T, Gorshkova I, Wang L, Huang LS, Usatyuk PV, Sammani S, Zhou G, Raj JU, Garcia JGN, Berdyshev E, Yuan JXJ, Natarajan V, Machado RF. The sphingosine kinase 1/sphingosine-1-phosphate pathway in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2014; 190:1032-43. [PMID: 25180446 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201401-0121oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Sphingosine kinases (SphKs) 1 and 2 regulate the synthesis of the bioactive sphingolipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), an important lipid mediator that promotes cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine whether SphKs and their product, S1P, play a role in the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). METHODS SphK1(-/-), SphK2(-/-), and S1P lyase heterozygous (Sgpl1(+/-)) mice, a pharmacologic SphK inhibitor (SKI2), and a S1P receptor 2 (S1PR2) antagonist (JTE013) were used in rodent models of hypoxia-mediated pulmonary hypertension (HPH). S1P levels in lung tissues from patients with PAH and pulmonary arteries (PAs) from rodent models of HPH were measured. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS mRNA and protein levels of SphK1, but not SphK2, were significantly increased in the lungs and isolated PA smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) from patients with PAH, and in lungs of experimental rodent models of HPH. S1P levels were increased in lungs of patients with PAH and PAs from rodent models of HPH. Unlike SphK2(-/-) mice, SphK1(-/-) mice were protected against HPH, whereas Sgpl1(+/-) mice were more susceptible to HPH. Pharmacologic SphK1 and S1PR2 inhibition prevented the development of HPH in rodent models of HPH. Overexpression of SphK1 and stimulation with S1P potentially via ligation of S1PR2 promoted PASMC proliferation in vitro, whereas SphK1 deficiency inhibited PASMC proliferation. CONCLUSIONS The SphK1/S1P axis is a novel pathway in PAH that promotes PASMC proliferation, a major contributor to pulmonary vascular remodeling. Our results suggest that this pathway is a potential therapeutic target in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwang Chen
- 1 Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine
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Dai L, Xia P, Di W. Sphingosine 1-phosphate: a potential molecular target for ovarian cancer therapy? Cancer Invest 2014; 32:71-80. [PMID: 24499107 DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2013.876646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is an important signaling regulator involved in tumor progression in multiple neoplasms. However, the role of S1P in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer remains unclear. Herein, we summarize recent advances in understanding the impact of S1P signaling in ovarian cancer progression. S1P, aberrantly produced in ovarian cancer patients, is involved in the regulation of key cellular processes that contribute to ovarian cancer initiation and progression. Moreover, agents that block the S1P signaling pathway inhibit ovarian cancer cell growth or induce apoptosis. Hence, current evidence suggests that S1P may become a potential molecular target for ovarian cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , People's Republic of China1
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17
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Kalhori V, Kemppainen K, Asghar MY, Bergelin N, Jaakkola P, Törnquist K. Sphingosine-1-Phosphate as a Regulator of Hypoxia-Induced Factor-1α in Thyroid Follicular Carcinoma Cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66189. [PMID: 23824493 PMCID: PMC3688870 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lipid, which regulates several cancer-related processes including migration and angiogenesis. We have previously shown S1P to induce migration of follicular ML-1 thyroid cancer cells. Hypoxia-induced factor-1 (HIF-1) is an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor, which adapts cells to hypoxic conditions through increased survival, motility and angiogenesis. Due to these properties and its increased expression in response to intratumoral hypoxia, HIF-1 is considered a significant regulator of tumor biology. We found S1P to increase expression of the regulatory HIF-1α subunit in normoxic ML-1 cells. S1P also increased HIF-1 activity and expression of HIF-1 target genes. Importantly, inhibition or knockdown of HIF-1α attenuated the S1P-induced migration of ML-1 cells. S1P-induced HIF-1α expression was mediated by S1P receptor 3 (S1P3), Gi proteins and their downstream effectors MEK, PI3K, mTOR and PKCβI. Half-life measurements with cycloheximide indicated that S1P treatment stabilized the HIF-1α protein. On the other hand, S1P activated translational regulators eIF-4E and p70S6K, which are known to control HIF-1α synthesis. In conclusion, we have identified S1P as a non-hypoxic regulator of HIF-1 activity in thyroid cancer cells, studied the signaling involved in S1P-induced HIF-1α expression and shown S1P-induced migration to be mediated by HIF-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Kalhori
- Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kati Kemppainen
- Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Nina Bergelin
- Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Kid Törnquist
- Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute, Helsinki, Finland
- * E-mail:
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18
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Cuvillier O, Ader I, Bouquerel P, Brizuela L, Gstalder C, Malavaud B. Hypoxia, therapeutic resistance, and sphingosine 1-phosphate. Adv Cancer Res 2013; 117:117-41. [PMID: 23290779 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394274-6.00005-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia, defined as a poor oxygenation, has been long recognized as a hallmark of solid tumors and a negative prognostic factor for response to therapeutics and survival of patients. Cancer cells have evolved biochemical mechanisms that allow them to react and adapt to hypoxia. At the cellular level, this adaptation is under the control of two related transcription factors, HIF-1 and HIF-2 (hypoxia-inducible factor), that respond rapidly to decreased oxygen levels to activate the expression of a broad range of genes promoting neoangiogenesis, glycolysis, metastasis, increased tumor growth, and resistance to treatments. Recent studies have identified the sphingosine kinase 1/sphingosine 1-phosphate (SphK1/S1P) signaling pathway-which elicits various cellular processes including cell proliferation, cell survival, or angiogenesis-as a new regulator of HIF-1 or HIF-2 activity. In this review, we will focus on how the inhibition/neutralization of the SphK1/S1P signaling could be exploited for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Cuvillier
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse, France; Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
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19
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Morozov VI, Sakuta GA, Kalinski MI. Sphingosine-1-phosphate: distribution, metabolism and role in the regulation of cellular functions. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2013; 85:5-21. [PMID: 23534286 DOI: 10.15407/ubj85.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) in regulation of cellular functions and cell protection is reviewed. S1P, along with other sphingolipid metabolites, is believed to act as an intracellular second messenger and as an extracellular mediator molecule. S1P chemistry, production and metabolism are described. Cellular receptors for S1P and their tissue specificity are described. Platelets and erythrocytes have a crucial significance in blood transport of S1P. Hypoxic conditions induce an increase in S1P, which initiates a set of cytoprotective events via its cellular receptors. S1P involvement in regulation of cell migration, myogenesis, control of skeletal muscle function is described. It is shown that S1P balance disturbances may mediate pathological state. S1P system implication in regulation of the most important cellular functions allows considering it as a prospective remedial target.
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Affiliation(s)
- V I Morozov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.
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20
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Baek DJ, MacRitchie N, Pyne NJ, Pyne S, Bittman R. Synthesis of selective inhibitors of sphingosine kinase 1. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:2136-8. [PMID: 23388656 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc00181d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine kinase isoform 1 (SK1) inhibitors may serve as therapeutic agents for proliferative diseases, including hypertension. We synthesized a series of sphingosine-based SK1-selective inhibitors, the most potent of which is RB-005 (IC(50) = 3.6 μM), which also induced proteasomal degradation of SK1 in human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Jae Baek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College of the City University of New York, Flushing, New York 11367-1597, USA
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21
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Voelkel NF, Mizuno S, Bogaard HJ. The role of hypoxia in pulmonary vascular diseases: a perspective. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2013; 304:L457-65. [PMID: 23377344 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00335.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
From the discovery of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, responses to hypoxia have been considered as representative for the many alterations in lung vessels that occur in several chronic lung diseases, including pulmonary hypertension, interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. An essential part of preclinical research to explain the pathobiology of these diseases has been centered on the exposure of small and large animals to hypoxia. This review aims to summarize pivotal results of clinical and preclinical research on hypoxia, which still have important implications for researchers today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert F Voelkel
- Victoria Johnson Laboratory for Lung Research, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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22
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Byun HS, Pyne S, Macritchie N, Pyne NJ, Bittman R. Novel sphingosine-containing analogues selectively inhibit sphingosine kinase (SK) isozymes, induce SK1 proteasomal degradation and reduce DNA synthesis in human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells. MEDCHEMCOMM 2013; 4. [PMID: 24396570 DOI: 10.1039/c3md00201b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is involved in hyper-proliferative diseases such as cancer and pulmonary arterial hypertension. We have synthesized inhibitors that are selective for the two isoforms of sphingosine kinase (SK1 and SK2) that catalyze the synthesis of S1P. A thiourea adduct of sphinganine (F02) is selective for SK2 whereas the 1-deoxysphinganines 55-21 and 77-7 are selective for SK1. (2S,3R)-1-Deoxysphinganine (55-21) induced the proteasomal degradation of SK1 in human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells and inhibited DNA synthesis, while the more potent SK1 inhibitors PF-543 and VPC96091 failed to inhibit DNA synthesis. These findings indicate that moderate potency inhibitors such as 55-21 are likely to have utility in unraveling the functions of SK1 in inflammatory and hyperproliferative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoe-Sup Byun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College, The City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367-1597, USA. Tel: +1 718-997-3279
| | - Susan Pyne
- Cell Biology Group, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Neil Macritchie
- Cell Biology Group, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Nigel J Pyne
- Cell Biology Group, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Robert Bittman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College, The City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367-1597, USA. Tel: +1 718-997-3279
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23
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Liu Q, Rehman H, Shi Y, Krishnasamy Y, Lemasters JJ, Smith CD, Zhong Z. Inhibition of sphingosine kinase-2 suppresses inflammation and attenuates graft injury after liver transplantation in rats. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41834. [PMID: 22848628 PMCID: PMC3405047 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation mediates/promotes graft injury after liver transplantation (LT). This study investigated the roles of sphingosine kinase-2 (SK2) in inflammation after LT. Liver grafts were stored in UW solution with and without ABC294640 (100 µM), a selective inhibitor of SK2, before implantation. Hepatic sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) levels increased ∼4-fold after LT, which was blunted by 40% by ABC294640. Hepatic toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) expression and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 subunit phosphorylation elevated substantially after transplantation. The pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β and C-X-C motif chemokine 10 mRNAs increased 5.9-fold, 6.1-fold and 16-fold, respectively following transplantation, while intrahepatic adhesion molecule-1 increased 5.7-fold and monocytes/macrophage and neutrophil infiltration and expansion of residential macrophage population increased 7.8-13.4 fold, indicating enhanced inflammation. CD4+ T cell infiltration and interferon-γ production also increased. ABC294640 blunted TLR4 expression by 60%, NF-κB activation by 84%, proinflammatory cytokine/chemokine production by 45-72%, adhesion molecule expression by 54% and infiltration of monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils by 62-67%. ABC294640 also largely blocked CD4+ T cell infiltration and interferon-γ production. Focal necrosis and apoptosis occurred after transplantation with serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) reaching ∼6000 U/L and serum total bilirubin elevating to ∼1.5 mg/dL. Inhibition of SK2 by ABC294640 blunted necrosis by 57%, apoptosis by 74%, ALT release by ∼68%, and hyperbilirubinemia by 74%. Most importantly, ABC294640 also increased survival from ∼25% to ∼85%. In conclusion, SK2 plays an important role in hepatic inflammation responses and graft injury after cold storage/transplantation and represents a new therapeutic target for liver graft failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinlong Liu
- Departments of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences and Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Hasibur Rehman
- Departments of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences and Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Yanjun Shi
- Departments of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences and Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Yasodha Krishnasamy
- Departments of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences and Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - John J. Lemasters
- Departments of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences and Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, and Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Charles D. Smith
- Departments of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences and Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
- Apogee Biotechnology Corporation, Hummelstown, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Zhi Zhong
- Departments of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences and Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
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Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) was first described as a signaling molecule over 20 years ago. Since then, great strides have been made to reveal its vital roles in vastly different cellular and disease processes. Initially, S1P was considered nothing more than the terminal point of sphingolipid metabolism; however, over the past two decades, a large number of reports have helped unveil its full potential as an important regulatory, bioactive sphingolipid metabolite. S1P has a plethora of physiological functions, due in part to its many sites of actions and its different pools, which are both intra- and extracellular. S1P plays pivotal roles in many physiological processes, including the regulation of cell growth, migration, autophagy, angiogenesis, and survival, and thus, not surprisingly, S1P has been linked to cancer. In this review, we will summarize the vast body of knowledge, highlighting the connection between S1P and cancer. We will also suggest new avenues for future research.
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Abstract
Hypoxia is a pathological hallmark feature of solid tumors. Though hypoxia is an adverse physiological state, tumors have evolved to utilize this unsuitable environment to their own advantage by activating key biochemical and cellular pathways that are important in progression, survival, and metastasis. Several studies have emphasized the importance of lipid mediators in regulating key biomolecules in the hypoxic microenvironment, for example hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), the master regulator of hypoxia. Lipid mediators have been reported to enhance the levels and activity of HIF-1, which subsequently signal to stimulate angiogenesis and tumor cell survival under hypoxic conditions. There are also reports of hypoxia and HIF-1 enhancing the levels of some lipid mediators mostly by upregulating the levels of the enzymes responsible for their biosynthesis. This review gives a brief overview of these two mechanisms and the role played by bioactive lipid mediators in the regulation of tumor progression and survival under hypoxia.
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Shi Y, Rehman H, Ramshesh VK, Schwartz J, Liu Q, Krishnasamy Y, Zhang X, Lemasters JJ, Smith CD, Zhong Z. Sphingosine kinase-2 inhibition improves mitochondrial function and survival after hepatic ischemia-reperfusion. J Hepatol 2012; 56:137-45. [PMID: 21756852 PMCID: PMC3220779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2011.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2009] [Revised: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) and inflammation play important roles in liver injury caused by ischemia-reperfusion (IR). This study investigated the roles of sphingosine kinase-2 (SK2) in mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation after hepatic IR. METHODS Mice were gavaged with vehicle or ABC294640 (50 mg/kg), a selective inhibitor of SK2, 1 h before surgery and subjected to 1 h-warm ischemia to ~70% of the liver followed by reperfusion. RESULTS Following IR, hepatic SK2 mRNA and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) levels increased ~25- and 3-fold, respectively. SK2 inhibition blunted S1P production and liver injury by 54-91%, and increased mouse survival from 28% to 100%. At 2 h after reperfusion, mitochondrial depolarization was observed in 74% of viable hepatocytes, and mitochondrial voids excluding calcein disappeared, indicating MPT onset in vivo. SK2 inhibition decreased mitochondrial depolarization and prevented MPT onset. Inducible nitric oxide synthase, phosphorylated NFκB-p65, TNFα mRNA, and neutrophil infiltration, all increased markedly after hepatic IR, and these increases were blunted by SK2 inhibition. In cultured hepatocytes, anoxia/re-oxygenation resulted in increases of SK2 mRNA, S1P levels, and cell death. SK2 siRNA and ABC294640 each substantially decreased S1P production and cell death in cultured hepatocytes. CONCLUSIONS SK2 plays an important role in mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation responses, hepatocyte death, and survival after hepatic IR and represents a new target for the treatment of IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Hasibur Rehman
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Venkat K. Ramshesh
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Justin Schwartz
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Qinlong Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Yasodha Krishnasamy
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Xun Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - John J. Lemasters
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425,Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Charles D. Smith
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425,Apogee Biotechnology Corporation, Hummelstown, PA 17036
| | - Zhi Zhong
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
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Kennedy AJ, Mathews TP, Kharel Y, Field SD, Moyer ML, East JE, Houck JD, Lynch KR, Macdonald TL. Development of amidine-based sphingosine kinase 1 nanomolar inhibitors and reduction of sphingosine 1-phosphate in human leukemia cells. J Med Chem 2011; 54:3524-48. [PMID: 21495716 DOI: 10.1021/jm2001053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lipid that has been identified as an accelerant of cancer progression. The sphingosine kinases (SphKs) are the sole producers of S1P, and thus, SphK inhibitors may prove effective in cancer mitigation and chemosensitization. Of the two SphKs, SphK1 overexpression has been observed in a myriad of cancer cell lines and tissues and has been recognized as the presumptive target over that of the poorly characterized SphK2. Herein, we present the design and synthesis of amidine-based nanomolar SphK1 subtype-selective inhibitors. A homology model of SphK1, trained with this library of amidine inhibitors, was then used to predict the activity of additional, more potent, inhibitors. Lastly, select amidine inhibitors were validated in human leukemia U937 cells, where they significantly reduced endogenous S1P levels at nanomolar concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States.
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Brocklyn JRV. Regulation of cancer cell migration and invasion by sphingosine-1-phosphate. World J Biol Chem 2010; 1:307-12. [PMID: 21537464 PMCID: PMC3083934 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v1.i10.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2010] [Revised: 07/28/2010] [Accepted: 08/04/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid that has been implicated in regulation of a number of cancer cell malignant behaviors, including cell proliferation, survival, chemotherapeutic resistance and angiogenesis. However, the effects of S1P on cancer cell migration, invasion and metastasis, are perhaps its most complex, due to the fact that, depending upon the S1P receptors that mediate its responses and the crosstalk with other signaling pathways, S1P can either positively or negatively regulate invasion. This review summarizes the effects of S1P on cancer cell invasion and the mechanisms by which it affects this important aspect of cancer cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Van Brocklyn
- James R Van Brocklyn, Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
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29
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Loveridge C, Tonelli F, Leclercq T, Lim KG, Long JS, Berdyshev E, Tate RJ, Natarajan V, Pitson SM, Pyne NJ, Pyne S. The sphingosine kinase 1 inhibitor 2-(p-hydroxyanilino)-4-(p-chlorophenyl)thiazole induces proteasomal degradation of sphingosine kinase 1 in mammalian cells. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:38841-52. [PMID: 20926375 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.127993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of sphingosine to produce the bioactive lipid sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). We demonstrate here that the SK1 inhibitor, SKi (2-(p-hydroxyanilino)-4-(p-chlorophenyl)thiazole) induces the proteasomal degradation of SK1 in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells, androgen-sensitive LNCaP prostate cancer cells, MCF-7 and MCF-7 HER2 breast cancer cells and that this is likely mediated by ceramide as a consequence of catalytic inhibition of SK1 by SKi. Moreover, SK1 is polyubiquitinated under basal conditions, and SKi appears to increase the degradation of SK1 by activating the proteasome. In addition, the proteasomal degradation of SK1a and SK1b in androgen-sensitive LNCaP cells is associated with the induction of apoptosis. However, SK1b in LNCaP-AI cells (androgen-independent) is less sensitive to SKi-induced proteasomal degradation and these cells are resistant to SKi-induced apoptosis, thereby implicating the ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation of SK1 as an important mechanism controlling cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Loveridge
- Cell Biology Group, Univesity of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, United Kingdom
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Abstract
There is substantial evidence that sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is involved in cancer. S1P regulates processes such as inflammation, which can drive tumorigenesis; neovascularization, which provides cancer cells with nutrients and oxygen; and cell growth and survival. This occurs at multiple levels and involves S1P receptors, sphingosine kinases, S1P phosphatases and S1P lyase. This Review summarizes current research findings and examines the potential for new therapeutics designed to alter S1P signalling and function in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel J Pyne
- Cell Biology Group, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 27 Taylor Street, Glasgow G4 0NR, UK.
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31
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Szczepaniak WS, Pitt BR, McVerry BJ. S1P2 receptor-dependent Rho-kinase activation mediates vasoconstriction in the murine pulmonary circulation induced by sphingosine 1-phosphate. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2010; 299:L137-45. [PMID: 20435688 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00233.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasoactive properties of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) have been demonstrated by many investigators to vary in systemic vascular beds. These variations appear to reflect differential S1P receptor expression in the vasculature of these tissues. Although S1P has been demonstrated to enhance endothelial barrier function, induce airway hyperresponsiveness, and modulate immune responses in the lung, the pulmonary vasomotor effects of S1P remain poorly defined. In the present study, we sought to define the vasoregulatory effects of S1P in the pulmonary vasculature and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms operative in effecting the response in the intact lung. S1P (10 microM) increased pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) by 36% in the isolated perfused mouse lung. S1P-induced vasoconstriction was reduced by 64% by concomitant administration of the Rho-kinase inhibitor Y27632 (10 microM). Similarly, the S1P response was attenuated by >50% after S1P(2) receptor antagonism (JTE-013; 10 microM) and in S1P(2) receptor null mice. In contrast, S1P(3) receptor antagonism (VPC23019; 10 microM) had no effect on the contractile response to S1P. Furthermore, we confirmed the role of Rho-kinase as an important regulator of basal vasomotor tone in the isolated perfused mouse lung. These results suggest that S1P is capable of altering pulmonary vascular tone in vivo and may play an important role in the modulation of pulmonary vascular tone both in the normal lung and under pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- William S Szczepaniak
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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32
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Pyne NJ, Long JS, Lee SC, Loveridge C, Gillies L, Pyne S. New aspects of sphingosine 1-phosphate signaling in mammalian cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 49:214-21. [PMID: 19534035 DOI: 10.1016/j.advenzreg.2009.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nigel J Pyne
- Cell Biology Group, SIPBS, University of Strathclyde, 27 Taylor St, Glasgow G40NR, UK.
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Ader I, Malavaud B, Cuvillier O. When the sphingosine kinase 1/sphingosine 1-phosphate pathway meets hypoxia signaling: new targets for cancer therapy. Cancer Res 2009; 69:3723-6. [PMID: 19383898 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-0389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The reduction in the normal level of tissue oxygen tension or hypoxia is a characteristic of solid tumors that triggers the activation of signaling pathways promoting neovascularization, metastasis, increased tumor growth, and resistance to treatments. The activation of the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1alpha) has been identified as the master mechanism of adaptation to hypoxia. In a recent study, we identified the sphingosine kinase 1/sphingosine 1-phosphate (SphK1/S1P) pathway, which elicits various cellular processes including cell proliferation, cell survival, or angiogenesis, as a new modulator of HIF-1alpha activity under hypoxic conditions. Here, we consider how the SphK1/S1P signaling pathway could represent a very important target for therapeutic intervention in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Ader
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, UPS, IPBS, Hôpital Rangueil, Toulouse, France
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34
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Schnitzer SE, Weigert A, Zhou J, Brüne B. Hypoxia Enhances Sphingosine Kinase 2 Activity and Provokes Sphingosine-1-Phosphate-Mediated Chemoresistance in A549 Lung Cancer Cells. Mol Cancer Res 2009; 7:393-401. [DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-08-0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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35
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Kennedy S, Kane KA, Pyne NJ, Pyne S. Targeting sphingosine-1-phosphate signalling for cardioprotection. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2008; 9:194-201. [PMID: 19070545 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2008.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2008] [Accepted: 11/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lysophospholipid generated by the sphingosine kinase (SK1 or SK2)-catalysed phosphorylation of sphingosine. Plasma S1P is carried in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) or bound to albumin and is reported to arise from activated platelets and erythrocytes. In addition, extracellular SK1 released from vascular endothelial cells may also contribute to plasma S1P levels. S1P exerts its effects through a family of five high affinity S1P-specific G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), S1P(1-5). Various S1P receptors are present in the cardiovascular system, including cardiac tissue. Additionally, intracellular S1P may have a second messenger action. Since S1P is recognised as a survival factor in many tissues, there has been much interest in S1P as a cardioprotective agent. Recent evidence indicates that S1P can pre-condition and post-condition the heart and that the cardioprotective effect of HDL may be because of its S1P content. In addition, evidence is emerging that the cardioprotective effects of cannabinoids and S1P may be linked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Kennedy
- Faculty of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
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36
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Ader I, Brizuela L, Bouquerel P, Malavaud B, Cuvillier O. Sphingosine kinase 1: a new modulator of hypoxia inducible factor 1alpha during hypoxia in human cancer cells. Cancer Res 2008; 68:8635-42. [PMID: 18922940 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-0917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Here, we provide the first evidence that sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1), an oncogenic lipid kinase balancing the intracellular level of key signaling sphingolipids, modulates the transcription factor hypoxia inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1alpha), master regulator of hypoxia. SphK1 activity is stimulated under low oxygen conditions and regulated by reactive oxygen species. The SphK1-dependent stabilization of HIF-1alpha levels is mediated by the Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3beta signaling pathway that prevents its von Hippel-Lindau protein-mediated degradation by the proteasome. The pharmacologic and RNA silencing inhibition of SphK1 activity prevents the accumulation of HIF-1alpha and its transcriptional activity in several human cancer cell lineages (prostate, brain, breast, kidney, and lung), suggesting a canonical pathway. Therefore, we propose that SphK1 can act as a master regulator for hypoxia, giving support to its inhibition as a valid strategy to control tumor hypoxia and its molecular consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Ader
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sphingolipids and Cancer Research Laboratory, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, UMR5089, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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37
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Gonzalez-Cabrera PJ, Jo E, Sanna MG, Brown S, Leaf N, Marsolais D, Schaeffer MT, Chapman J, Cameron M, Guerrero M, Roberts E, Rosen H. Full pharmacological efficacy of a novel S1P1 agonist that does not require S1P-like headgroup interactions. Mol Pharmacol 2008; 74:1308-18. [PMID: 18708635 DOI: 10.1124/mol.108.049783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Strong evidence exists for interactions of zwitterionic phosphate and amine groups in sphingosine-1 phosphate (S1P) to conserved Arg and Glu residues present at the extracellular face of the third transmembrane domain of S1P receptors. The contribution of Arg(120) and Glu(121) for high-affinity ligand-receptor interactions is essential, because single-point R(120)A or E(121)A S1P(1) mutants neither bind S1P nor transduce S1P function. Because S1P receptors are therapeutically interesting, identifying potent selective agonists with different binding modes and in vivo efficacy is of pharmacological importance. Here we describe a modestly water-soluble highly selective S1P(1) agonist [2-(4-(5-(3,4-diethoxyphenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl amino) ethanol (CYM-5442)] that does not require Arg(120) or Glu(121) residues for activating S1P(1)-dependent p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation, which defines a new hydrophobic pocket in S1P(1). CYM-5442 is a full agonist in vitro for S1P(1) internalization, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. It is noteworthy that CYM-5442 was a full agonist for induction and maintenance of S1P(1)-dependent blood lymphopenia, decreasing B lymphocytes by 65% and T lymphocytes by 85% of vehicle. Induction of CYM-5442 lymphopenia was dose- and time-dependent, requiring serum concentrations in the 50 nM range. In vitro measures of S1P(1) activation by CYM-5442 were noncompetitively inhibited by a specific S1P(1) antagonist [(R)-3-amino-(3-hexylphenylamino)-4-oxobutylphosphonic acid (W146)], competitive for S1P, 2-amino-2-(4-octylphenethyl)propane-1,3-diol (FTY720-P), and 5-[4-phenyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-thienyl]-3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2, 4-oxadiazole (SEW2871). In addition, lymphopenia induced by CYM-5442 was reversed by W146 administration or upon pharmacokinetic agonist clearance. Pharmacokinetics in mice also indicated that CYM-5442 partitions significantly in central nervous tissue. These data show that CYM-5442 activates S1P(1)-dependent pathways in vitro and to levels of full efficacy in vivo through a hydrophobic pocket separate from the orthosteric site of S1P binding that is headgroup-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro J Gonzalez-Cabrera
- Departments of Chemical Physiology & Immunology, Scripps Research Institute Molecular Screening Center, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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38
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Sphingosine kinase-1 is a hypoxia-regulated gene that stimulates migration of human endothelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 368:1020-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.01.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2008] [Accepted: 01/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Srinivasan S, Bolick DT, Lukashev D, Lappas C, Sitkovsky M, Lynch KR, Hedrick CC. Sphingosine-1-phosphate reduces CD4+ T-cell activation in type 1 diabetes through regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor short isoform I.1 and CD69. Diabetes 2008; 57:484-93. [PMID: 18003758 DOI: 10.2337/db07-0855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice develop spontaneous type 1 diabetes. We have shown that sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) reduces activation of NOD diabetic endothelium via the S1P1 receptor. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that S1P could inhibit CD4(+) T-cell activation, further reducing inflammatory events associated with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS CD4(+) T-cells were isolated from diabetic and nondiabetic NOD mouse splenocytes and treated in the absence or presence of S1P or the S1P1 receptor-specific agonist, SEW2871. Lymphocyte activation was examined using flow cytometry, cytokine bead assays, and a lymphocyte:endothelial adhesion assay. RESULTS Diabetic T-cells secreted twofold more gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-17 than nondiabetic lymphocytes. Pretreatment with either S1P or SEW2871 significantly reduced cytokine secretion by approximately 50%. Flow cytometry analysis showed increased expression of CD69, a marker of lymphocyte activation, on diabetic T-cells. Both S1P and SEW2871 prevented upregulation of CD69 on CD4(+) cells. Quantitative RT-PCR showed that lymphocytes from diabetic NOD mice had 2.5-fold lower hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha short isoform I.1 (HIF1alphaI.1) mRNA levels than control. HIF1alphaI.1 is a negative regulator of lymphocyte activation. S1P significantly increased HIF1alpha I.1 mRNA levels in both control and diabetic groups. IFN-gamma production and surface CD69 expression was significantly increased in lymphocytes of HIF1alphaI.1-deficient mice. S1P did not reduce either CD69 or IFN-gamma expression in lymphocytes from HIF1alphaI.1-deficient mice. CONCLUSIONS S1P acts through the S1P1 receptor and HIF1alpha I.1 to negatively regulate T-cell activation, providing a potential therapeutic target for prevention of diabetes and its vascular complications.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/drug effects
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/drug effects
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Cytokines/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/prevention & control
- Diabetic Angiopathies/prevention & control
- Flow Cytometry
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/deficiency
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/genetics
- Lectins, C-Type
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Lysophospholipids/therapeutic use
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Knockout
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sphingosine/analogs & derivatives
- Sphingosine/therapeutic use
- Spleen/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Suseela Srinivasan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 801394, 415 Lane Rd., MR5, Rm. G123, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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40
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Anelli V, Gault CR, Cheng AB, Obeid LM. Sphingosine kinase 1 is up-regulated during hypoxia in U87MG glioma cells. Role of hypoxia-inducible factors 1 and 2. J Biol Chem 2007; 283:3365-3375. [PMID: 18055454 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m708241200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), a sphingolipid metabolite that plays an important role in the regulation of cell survival, growth, migration, and angiogenesis, acts both inside the cells and as an extracellular mediator through binding to five G protein-coupled receptors (S1P(1-5)). Sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1), the enzyme responsible for S1P production, is overexpressed in many solid tumors, including gliomas. One common feature of these tumors is the presence of "hypoxic regions," characterized by cells expressing high levels of hypoxia-inducible factors HIF-1alpha and HIF-2alpha, two transcription regulators that modulate the levels of proteins with crucial roles in tumor progression. So far, nothing is known about the role and the regulation of SK1 during tumor-induced hypoxia or about SK1 regulation and HIFs. Here we investigated the role of HIF-1alpha and HIF-2alpha in the regulation of SK1 during hypoxic stress in glioma-derived U87MG cells. We report that hypoxia increases SK1 mRNA levels, protein expression, and enzyme activity, followed by intracellular S1P production and S1P release. Interestingly, knockdown of HIF-2alpha by small interfering RNA abolished the induction of SK1 and the production of extracellular S1P after CoCl(2) treatment, whereas HIF-1alpha small interfering RNA resulted in an increase of HIF-2alpha and of SK1 protein levels. Moreover, using chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis, we demonstrate that HIF-2alpha binds the SK1 promoter. Functionally, we demonstrate that conditioned medium from hypoxia-treated tumor cells results in neoangiogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells in a S1P receptor-dependent manner. These studies provide evidence of a link between S1P production as a potent angiogenic agent and the hypoxic phenotype observed in many tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Anelli
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29403; Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Biotechnology, University of Milan, Segrate, Milan 20090, Italy
| | - Christopher R Gault
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Amy B Cheng
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29403
| | - Lina M Obeid
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29403; Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina 29401.
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41
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Kacimi R, Vessey DA, Honbo N, Karliner JS. Adult cardiac fibroblasts null for sphingosine kinase-1 exhibit growth dysregulation and an enhanced proinflammatory response. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2007; 43:85-91. [PMID: 17512943 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2007.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2007] [Revised: 03/20/2007] [Accepted: 04/10/2007] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac fibroblasts are critical for the maintenance of extracellular matrix deposition and turnover in the normal heart and are key mediators of inflammatory and fibrotic myocardial remodeling in the injured and failing heart. Sphingosine kinase (SphK) activation is a well-recognized determinant of cell fate in cardiac myocytes and other cells, but SphK responses have not previously been studied in cardiac fibroblasts. Initially we found that total SphK activity is over 10-fold higher in cardiac fibroblasts than in adult mouse cardiac myocytes. SphK is composed of two major isoforms, SphK-1 and SphK-2. In fibroblasts isolated from SphK-1 knockout mice, SphK activity was greatly reduced indicating that SphK-1 is the major isoform expressed in these cells. To determine whether SphK regulates cell proliferation and the proinflammatory protein inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), we exposed cultured cardiac fibroblasts to the cytokine interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and/or hypoxia. Both hypoxia and IL-1beta alone and in combination enhanced fibroblast SphK activity. In wild-type fibroblasts, hypoxia induced proliferation, but in SphK-1 null fibroblasts this response was blunted even in the presence of serum. In contrast, we found that iNOS expression and NO production were enhanced in SphK-1 null fibroblasts during hypoxia. In wild-type fibroblasts, IL-1beta was only a weak inducer of iNOS and of NO accumulation and hypoxia alone had no significant effect on iNOS activation. However, IL-1beta in combination with hypoxia extensively stimulated iNOS and NO production, and this stimulation was enhanced in SphK-1 null fibroblasts. We conclude that activation of endogenous SphK-1 serves a dual regulatory function: it is required for optimal cardiac fibroblast proliferation but is a negative modulator of proinflammatory responses during hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachid Kacimi
- Cardiology Research, Cardiology Section (111C5), VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
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42
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Abstract
AbstractSufficient oxygen supply is crucial for the development and physiology of mammalian cells and tissues. When simple diffusion of oxygen becomes inadequate to provide the necessary flow of substrate, evolution has provided cells with tools to detect and respond to hypoxia by upregulating the expression of specific genes, which allows an adaptation to hypoxia-induced stress conditions. The modulation of cell signaling by hypoxia is an emerging area of research that provides insight into the orchestration of cell adaptation to a changing environment. Cell signaling and adaptation processes are often accompanied by rapid and/or chronic remodeling of membrane lipids by activated lipases. This review highlights the bi-directional relation between hypoxia and lipid signaling mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Huwiler
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Klinikum der Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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