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Moslemizadeh A, Nematollahi MH, Amiresmaili S, Faramarz S, Jafari E, Khaksari M, Rezaei N, Bashiri H, Kheirandish R. Combination therapy with interferon-gamma as a potential therapeutic medicine in rat's glioblastoma: A multi-mechanism evaluation. Life Sci 2022; 305:120744. [PMID: 35798069 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study assessed the effects of single or combined administration of temozolomide (TMZ) and interferon-gamma (IFN-ᵞ) on anxiety-like behaviors, balance disorders, learning and memory, TNF-α, IL-10, some oxidant and antioxidants factors with investigating the toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) and p-CREB signaling pathway in C6-induced glioblastoma of rats. METHODS 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats bearing intra-caudate nucleus (CN) culture medium or C6 inoculation were randomly divided into five groups as follows: Sham, Tumor, TMZ, IFN-ᵞ and a TMZ + IFN-ᵞ combination. The open-field test (OFT), elevated plus maze (EPM), rotarod, and passive avoidance test (PAT) were done on days 14-17. On day 17 after tumor implantation, brain tissues were extracted for histopathological evaluation. TNF-α, IL-10, SOD, GPX, TAC, MDA, the protein level of TLR4 and p-CREB was measured. RESULTS Combination therapy inhibited the growth of the tumor. Treatment groups alleviated tumor-induced anxiety-like behaviors and improved imbalance and memory impairment. SOD, GPX, and TAC decreased in the tumor group. The combination group augmented GPX and TAC. MDA decreased in treatment groups. TMZ, IFN-ᵞ reduced tumor-increased TNF-α and IL-10 level. The combination group declined TNF-α level in serum and IL-10 level in serum and brain. Glioblastoma induced significant upregulation of TLR4 and p-CREB in the brain which inhibited by IFN-ᵞ and TMZ+ IFN-ᵞ. CONCLUSION The beneficial effects of TMZ, IFN-ᵞ, and TMZ+ IFN-ᵞ on neurocognitive functioning of rats with C6-induced glioblastoma may be mediated via modulating oxidative stress, reduced cytokines, and the downregulation of expression of TLR4 and p-CREB. Combination treatment appears to be more effective than single treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Hadi Nematollahi
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Sanaz Faramarz
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Elham Jafari
- Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Pathology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khaksari
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamideh Bashiri
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Reza Kheirandish
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
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Yang Y, Dong F, Liu X, Xu J, Wu X, Wang D, Zheng Y. Developmental toxicity by thifluzamide in zebrafish (Danio rerio): Involvement of leptin. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 221:863-869. [PMID: 30703632 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Although previous trials have indicated that thifluzamide induces developmental inhibition in zebrafish, understanding the distinct mechanism of thifluzamide in this process remains challenging. This study investigated the effect of thifluzamide on zebrafish development and the underlying related signaling pathway. Thifluzamide repressed glucagon (GC) levels but increased growth hormone (GH) levels, and changed the expression of the genes related to growth and development. Additionally, protein kinase A (PKA) and leptin levels were obviously decreased in zebrafish after exposure to thifluzamide for 28 days, but the phosphorylation of cAMP responsive element-binding protein (CREB) was increased. Our results suggested that the anti-developmental effects of thifluzamide in zebrafish are largely associated with alterations in expressions of genes related to growth and development through modulation of leptin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengshou Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohu Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Donghui Wang
- Plant Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yongquan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
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The metabolic/pH sensor soluble adenylyl cyclase is a tumor suppressor protein. Oncotarget 2018; 7:45597-45607. [PMID: 27323809 PMCID: PMC5216745 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
cAMP signaling pathways can both stimulate and inhibit the development of cancer; however, the sources of cAMP important for tumorigenesis remain poorly understood. Soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) is a non-canonical, evolutionarily conserved, nutrient- and pH-sensing source of cAMP. sAC has been implicated in the metastatic potential of certain cancers, and it is differentially localized in human cancers as compared to benign tissues. We now show that sAC expression is reduced in many human cancers. Loss of sAC increases cellular transformation in vitro and malignant progression in vivo. These data identify the metabolic/pH sensor soluble adenylyl cyclase as a previously unappreciated tumor suppressor protein.
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Colquhoun A. Cell biology-metabolic crosstalk in glioma. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 89:171-181. [PMID: 28549626 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The renewed interest in cancer metabolism in recent years has been fuelled by the identification of the involvement of key oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes in the control of metabolic pathways. Many of these alterations lead to dramatic changes in bioenergetics, biosynthesis and redox balance within tumour cells. The complex relationship between tumour cell metabolism and the tumour microenvironment has turned this field of biochemistry and cell biology into a challenging and exciting area for study. In the case of gliomas the involvement of altered metabolic pathways including glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation and glutaminolysis are pointing the way to new possibilities for treatment. The tumour-promoting effects of inflammation are an emerging hallmark of cancer and the role of the eicosanoids in gliomas is an area of active research to elucidate the importance of individual eicosanoids in glioma cell proliferation, migration and immune escape. In this review, the different aspects of metabolic reprogramming which occur in gliomas are highlighted and their relationship to glioma cell biology and the wider tumour microenvironment is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Colquhoun
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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5
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Zhang X, Liu Q, Zhao F, Guo D. WITHDRAWN: Production of a novel UBE2S anti-body and significance of its expression in some tumors. Pathol Res Pract 2014:S0344-0338(14)00383-5. [PMID: 25613697 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Zhang
- Pathology Department, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China.
| | - Qinfang Liu
- Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Fangbo Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Modification, Ministry of Education, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, China.
| | - Dongwei Guo
- Harbin Biotechnology Incubators Management Co. Ltd, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
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Ahluwalia A, Baatar D, Jones MK, Tarnawski AS. Novel mechanisms and signaling pathways of esophageal ulcer healing: the role of prostaglandin EP2 receptors, cAMP, and pCREB. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2014; 307:G602-10. [PMID: 25059824 PMCID: PMC4166721 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00177.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Clinical studies indicate that prostaglandins of E class (PGEs) may promote healing of tissue injury e.g., gastroduodenal and dermal ulcers. However, the precise roles of PGEs, their E-prostanoid (EP) receptors, signaling pathways including cAMP and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), and their relation to VEGF and angiogenesis in the tissue injury healing process remain unknown, forming the rationale for this study. Using an esophageal ulcer model in rats, we demonstrated that esophageal mucosa expresses predominantly EP2 receptors and that esophageal ulceration triggers an increase in expression of the EP2 receptor, activation of CREB (the downstream target of the cAMP signaling), and enhanced VEGF gene expression. Treatment of rats with misoprostol, a PGE1 analog capable of activating EP receptors, enhanced phosphorylation of CREB, stimulated VEGF expression and angiogenesis, and accelerated esophageal ulcer healing. In cultured human esophageal epithelial (HET-1A) cells, misoprostol increased intracellular cAMP levels (by 163-fold), induced phosphorylation of CREB, and stimulated VEGF expression. A cAMP analog (Sp-cAMP) mimicked, whereas an inhibitor of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (Rp-cAMP) blocked, these effects of misoprostol. These results indicate that the EP2/cAMP/protein kinase A pathway mediates the stimulatory effect of PGEs on angiogenesis essential for tissue injury healing via the induction of CREB activity and VEGF expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Ahluwalia
- Medical and Research Services, Veterans Affairs Long Beach Healthcare System (VALBHS), Long Beach, California, and the Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Dolgor Baatar
- Medical and Research Services, Veterans Affairs Long Beach Healthcare System (VALBHS), Long Beach, California, and the Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Michael K Jones
- Medical and Research Services, Veterans Affairs Long Beach Healthcare System (VALBHS), Long Beach, California, and the Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Andrzej S Tarnawski
- Medical and Research Services, Veterans Affairs Long Beach Healthcare System (VALBHS), Long Beach, California, and the Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology, University of California, Irvine, California
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Wang J, Wang X, Holz JD, Rutkowski T, Wang Y, Zhu Z, Dong Y. Runx1 is critical for PTH-induced onset of mesenchymal progenitor cell chondrogenic differentiation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74255. [PMID: 24058535 PMCID: PMC3776859 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) plays a critical role in the regulation of chondrogenesis. In this study, we have found for the first time that Runt-related transcription factor 1 (Runx1) contributes to PTH-induced chondrogenesis. Upon PTH treatment, limb bud mesenchymal progenitor cells in micromass culture showed an enhanced chondrogenesis, which was associated with a significant increase of chondrogenic marker gene expression, such as type II collagen and type X collagen. Runx1 was also exclusively expressed in cells treated with PTH at the onset stage of chondrogenesis. Knockdown of Runx1 completely blunted PTH-mediated chondrogenesis. Furthermore, PTH induced Runx1 expression and chondrogenesis were markedly reduced by inhibition of protein kinase A (PKA) signaling. Taken together, our present study indicates that chondrogenesis induced by PTH in mesenchymal progenitor cells is mediated by Runx1, which involves the activation of PKA. These data provide a novel insight into understanding the molecular mechanisms behind PTH-enhanced cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwu Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jonathan D. Holz
- Department of Math and Natural Sciences, D’Youville College, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Timothy Rutkowski
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Institute of Spine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenan Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (YD); (ZZ)
| | - Yufeng Dong
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (YD); (ZZ)
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8
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Kim JM, Choi JS, Kim YH, Jin SH, Lim S, Jang HJ, Kim KT, Ryu SH, Suh PG. An activator of the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway promotes osteogenesis from human mesenchymal stem cells. J Cell Physiol 2013; 228:617-26. [PMID: 22886506 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent adult stem cells capable of differentiating along the osteoblast, adipocyte, and chondrocyte lineages. Regulation of MSCs differentiation may be a useful tool for regenerative medicine and cell-based therapy. The discovery of small molecule that activates the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs could aid in the development of a new anabolic drug for osteoporosis treatment. We identified CW008, a derivative of pyrazole-pyridine, that stimulates osteoblast differentiation of human MSCs and increases bone formation in ovariectomized mice. CW008 promotes osteogenesis by activating cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling pathway and inhibiting leptin secretion. These results suggest that CW008 is an agonist of cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway in osteogenic differentiation and that application of CW008 may be useful for the treatment of bone-related diseases and for the study of bone biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Min Kim
- School of Nano-Bioscience and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
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Davidson J, Rotondo D, Rizzo MT, Leaver HA. Therapeutic implications of disorders of cell death signalling: membranes, micro-environment, and eicosanoid and docosanoid metabolism. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 166:1193-210. [PMID: 22364602 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01900.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruptions of cell death signalling occur in pathological processes, such as cancer and degenerative disease. Increased knowledge of cell death signalling has opened new areas of therapeutic research, and identifying key mediators of cell death has become increasingly important. Early triggering events in cell death may provide potential therapeutic targets, whereas agents affecting later signals may be more palliative in nature. A group of primary mediators are derivatives of the highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs), particularly oxygenated metabolites such as prostaglandins. HUFAs, esterified in cell membranes, act as critical signalling molecules in many pathological processes. Currently, agents affecting HUFA metabolism are widely prescribed in diseases involving disordered cell death signalling. However, partly due to rapid metabolism, their role in cell death signalling pathways is poorly characterized. Recently, HUFA-derived mediators, the resolvins/protectins and endocannabinoids, have added opportunities to target selective signals and pathways. This review will focus on the control of cell death by HUFA, eicosanoid (C20 fatty acid metabolites) and docosanoid (C22 metabolites), HUFA-derived lipid mediators, signalling elements in the micro-environment and their potential therapeutic applications. Further therapeutic approaches will involve cell and molecular biology, the multiple hit theory of disease progression and analysis of system plasticity. Advances in the cell biology of eicosanoid and docosanoid metabolism, together with structure/function analysis of HUFA-derived mediators, will be useful in developing therapeutic agents in pathologies characterized by alterations in cell death signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Davidson
- SIPBS, Strathclyde University, Glasgow, UK
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Li W, Graeber MB. The molecular profile of microglia under the influence of glioma. Neuro Oncol 2012; 14:958-78. [PMID: 22573310 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nos116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia, which contribute substantially to the tumor mass of glioblastoma, have been shown to play an important role in glioma growth and invasion. While a large number of experimental studies on functional attributes of microglia in glioma provide evidence for their tumor-supporting roles, there also exist hints in support of their anti-tumor properties. Microglial activities during glioma progression seem multifaceted. They have been attributed to the receptors expressed on the microglia surface, to glioma-derived molecules that have an effect on microglia, and to the molecules released by microglia in response to their environment under glioma control, which can have autocrine effects. In this paper, the microglia and glioma literature is reviewed. We provide a synopsis of the molecular profile of microglia under the influence of glioma in order to help establish a rational basis for their potential therapeutic use. The ability of microglia precursors to cross the blood-brain barrier makes them an attractive target for the development of novel cell-based treatments of malignant glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Brain Tumor Research Laboratories, The Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, 94 Mallett St, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
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11
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Yeo HS, Shehzad A, Lee YS. Prostaglandin E2 blocks menadione-induced apoptosis through the Ras/Raf/Erk signaling pathway in promonocytic leukemia cell lines. Mol Cells 2012; 33:371-8. [PMID: 22450688 PMCID: PMC3887806 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-012-2293-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Revised: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered oxidative stress has long been observed in cancer cells, and this biochemical property of cancer cells represents a specific vulnerability that can be exploited for therapeutic benefit. The major role of an elevated oxidative stress for the efficacy of molecular targeted drugs is under investigation. Menadione is considered an attractive model for the study of oxidative stress, which can induce apoptosis in human leukemia HL-60 cell lines. Prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) via its receptors not only promotes cell survival but also reverses apoptosis and promotes cancer progression. Here, we present evidence for the biological role of PGE(2) as a protective agent of oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in monocytic cells. Pretreatment of HL-60 cells with PGE(2) markedly ameliorated the menadione-induced apoptosis and inhibited the degradation of PARP and lamin B. The EP(2) receptor antagonist AH6809 abrogated the inhibitory effect of PGE(2), suggesting the role of the EP(2)/cAMP system. The PKA inhibitor H89 also reversed apoptosis and decreased the PKA activity that was elevated 10-fold by PGE(2). The treatment of HL-60 cells with NAC or zinc chloride showed a similar protective effect as with PGE(2) on menadione-treated cells. Furthermore, PGE(2) activated the Ras/Raf/MEK pathway, which in turn initiated ERK activation, and ultimately protected menadione-induced apoptosis. These results imply that PGE(2) via cell survival pathways may protect oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in monocytic cells. This study warrants further pre-clinical investigation as well as application towards leukemia clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adeeb Shehzad
- School of life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701,
Korea
| | - Young Sup Lee
- School of life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701,
Korea
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12
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Tannheimer SL, Wright CD, Salmon M. Combination of roflumilast with a beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonist inhibits proinflammatory and profibrotic mediator release from human lung fibroblasts. Respir Res 2012; 13:28. [PMID: 22452977 PMCID: PMC3342220 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-13-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Small airway narrowing is an important pathology which impacts lung function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The accumulation of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts contribute to inflammation, remodeling and fibrosis by production and release of mediators such as cytokines, profibrotic factors and extracellular matrix proteins. This study investigated the effects of the phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor roflumilast, combined with the long acting β2 adrenergic agonist indacaterol, both approved therapeutics for COPD, on fibroblast functions that contribute to inflammation and airway fibrosis. Methods The effects of roflumilast and indacaterol treatment were characterized on transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1)-treated normal human lung fibroblasts (NHLF). NHLF were evaluated for expression of the profibrotic mediators endothelin-1 (ET-1) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), expression of the myofibroblast marker alpha smooth muscle actin, and fibronectin (FN) secretion. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was used to induce secretion of chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 10 (CXCL10), chemokine C-C motif ligand 5 (CCL5) and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) from NHLF and drug inhibition was assessed. Results Evaluation of roflumilast (1-10 μM) showed no significant inhibition alone on TGFβ1-induced ET-1 and CTGF mRNA transcripts, ET-1 and FN protein production, alpha smooth muscle expression, or TNF-α-induced secretion of CXCL10, CCL5 and GM-CSF. A concentration-dependent inhibition of ET-1 and CTGF was shown with indacaterol treatment, and a submaximal concentration was chosen for combination studies. When indacaterol (0.1 nM) was added to roflumilast, significant inhibition was seen on all inflammatory and fibrotic mediators evaluated, which was superior to the inhibition seen with either drug alone. Roflumilast plus indacaterol combination treatment resulted in significantly elevated phosphorylation of the transcription factor cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), an effect that was protein kinase A-dependent. Inhibition of protein kinase A was also found to reverse the inhibition of indacaterol and roflumilast on CTGF. Conclusions These results demonstrate that addition of roflumilast to a LABA inhibits primary fibroblast/myofibroblast function and therapeutically this may impact lung fibroblast proinflammatory and profibrotic mediator release which contributes to small airway remodeling and airway obstruction in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey L Tannheimer
- Respiratory Research, Gilead Sciences, 199 East Blaine St, Seattle, WA 98102, USA.
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Mantamadiotis T, Papalexis N, Dworkin S. CREB signalling in neural stem/progenitor cells: recent developments and the implications for brain tumour biology. Bioessays 2012; 34:293-300. [PMID: 22331586 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201100133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This paper discusses the evidence for the role of CREB in neural stem/progenitor cell (NSPC) function and oncogenesis and how these functions may be important for the development and growth of brain tumours. The cyclic-AMP response element binding (CREB) protein has many roles in neurons, ranging from neuronal survival to higher order brain functions such as memory and drug addiction behaviours. Recent studies have revealed that CREB also has a role in NSPC survival, differentiation and proliferation. Recent work has shown that over-expression of CREB in transgenic animals can impart oncogenic properties on cells in various tissues and that aberrant CREB expression is associated with tumours in patients. It is the central position of CREB, downstream of key developmental and growth signalling pathways, which give CREB the ability to influence a spectrum of cell activities, such as cell survival, growth and differentiation in both normal and cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo Mantamadiotis
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
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He L, Meng XL, Tu CY, Wen G, Xu AM, Zhang CL, Tao YT, Cheng YG. Clinical significance of peripheral blood and tumor tissue PGE 2 levels in patients with colorectal carcinoma. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2011; 19:205-208. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v19.i2.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To determine the dynamic changes in the levels of peripheral blood and tumor tissue prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in patients with colorectal carcinoma and to analyze their clinical significance.
METHODS: Sixty-one patients with colorectal carcinoma were included in the study. Of these patients, 15 had distant metastasis and 46 did not show any obvious distant metastasis; 11 underwent palliative resection, 9 underwent laparotomy, and 41 received radical resection; 20 had stage A-B disease, 26 had stage C disease, and 15 had stage D disease. Thirty healthy people were used as controls. The levels of peripheral blood and tumor PGE2 were assayed before and after operation.
RESULTS: Patients with colorectal cancer had high concentrations of peripheral blood PGE2 before operation. However, peripheral blood IL-2 level and CD4+/CD8+ ratio were lower in patients with colorectal cancer than in controls before operation. Peripheral blood PGE2 levels had a negative correlation with IL-2 level and CD4+/CD8+ ratio. Peripheral blood PGE2 levels were higher in patients with stage D disease than in those with stage A-C disease. Peripheral blood PGE2 levels had a positive correlation with tumor size. The level of PGE2 in tumor tissue was 3.7-fold as high as that in normal bowel mucosa [134.43 ng/(g•mL) ± 119.50 ng/(g•mL) vs 61.01 ng/(g•mL) ± 30.98 ng/(g•mL), 35.80 ng/(g•mL) ± 10.99 ng/(g•mL), P < 0.05, 0.01]. After operation, peripheral blood PGE2 levels decreased and IL-2 level and CD4+/CD8+ ratio increased. Peripheral blood levels of PGE2 decreased almost to normal in patients after radical resection, but were still higher in those after palliative resection.
CONCLUSION: Peripheral blood PGE2 in patients with colorectal carcinoma originates from the tumor. PGE2 is involved in the immunologic hypofunction in patients with colorectal carcinoma before operation. Removal of tumor may improve the state of systemic cellular immunity in patients with colorectal carcinoma.
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Rizzo MT. Cyclooxygenase-2 in oncogenesis. Clin Chim Acta 2010; 412:671-87. [PMID: 21187081 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2010.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Revised: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Compelling experimental and clinical evidence supports the notion that cyclooxygenase-2, the inducible isoform of cyclooxygenase, plays a crucial role in oncogenesis. Clinical and epidemiological data indicate that aberrant regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 in certain solid tumors and hematological malignancies is associated with adverse clinical outcome. Moreover, findings extrapolated from experimental studies in cultured tumor cells and animal tumor models indicate that cyclooxygenase-2 critically influences all stages of tumor development from tumor initiation to tumor progression. Cyclooxygenase-2 elicits cell-autonomous effects on tumor cells resulting in stimulation of growth, increased cell survival, enhanced tumor cell invasiveness, stimulation of neovascularization, and tumor evasion from the host immune system. Additionally, the oncogenic effects of cyclooxygenase-2 stem from its unique ability to impact tumor cell surroundings and create a proinflammatory environment conducive for tumor development, growth and progression. The initial enthusiasm generated by the availability of cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibitors for cancer prevention and therapy has been lessened by the severe cardiovascular adverse side effects associated with their long-term use, as well as by the mixed results of recent clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors in adjuvant chemotherapy. Therefore, our ability to efficiently target the oncogenic effects of cyclooxygenase-2 for therapeutic and preventive purposes strictly depends on a better understanding of the spatial and temporal aspects of its activation in tumor cells along with a clearer elucidation of the signaling networks whereby cyclooxygenase-2 affects tumor cells and their interactions with the tumor microenvironment. This knowledge has the potential of leading to the identification of novel cyclooxygenase-2-dependent molecular and signaling networks that can be exploited to improve cancer prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Rizzo
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, Methodist Research Institute, Clarian Health and Department of Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
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Nakanishi M, Hata K, Nagayama T, Sakurai T, Nishisho T, Wakabayashi H, Hiraga T, Ebisu S, Yoneda T. Acid activation of Trpv1 leads to an up-regulation of calcitonin gene-related peptide expression in dorsal root ganglion neurons via the CaMK-CREB cascade: a potential mechanism of inflammatory pain. Mol Biol Cell 2010; 21:2568-77. [PMID: 20534813 PMCID: PMC2912344 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e10-01-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased CGRP expression in sensory neurons is associated with inflammatory pain. We examined the molecular basis of CGRP expression and found that acid-sensing nociceptor Trpv1 is activated under inflammatory acidic environments and up-regulates the CGRP expression through CaMK-CREB cascade. Increased production of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in sensory neurons is implicated in inflammatory pain. The inflammatory site is acidic due to proton release from infiltrating inflammatory cells. Acid activation of peripheral nociceptors relays pain signals to the CNS. Here, we examined whether acid activated the transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 (Trpv1), a widely recognized acid-sensing nociceptor and subsequently increased CGRP expression. Chemically induced inflammation was associated with thermal hyperalgesia and increased CGRP expression in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) in rats. In organ cultures of DRG, acid (pH 5.5) elevated CGRP expression and the selective Trpv1 antagonist 5′-Iodoresiniferatoxin decreased it. Trpv1-deficient DRG showed reduced CGRP increase by acid. Of note, many of CGRP/Trpv1-positive DRG neurons exhibited the phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), a nociceptive transcription factor. Knockdown of CREB by small interfering RNA or a dominant-negative form of CREB diminished acid-elevated CGRP expression. Acid elevated the transcriptional activity of CREB, which in turn stimulated CGRP gene promoter activity. These effects were inhibited by a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK) inhibitor KN-93. In conclusion, our results suggest that inflammatory acidic environments activate Trpv1, leading to an up-regulation of CGRP expression via CaMK-CREB cascade, a series of events that may be associated with inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masako Nakanishi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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