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Byun KA, Park Y, Oh S, Batsukh S, Son KH, Byun K. Co-Treatment with Phlorotannin and Extracellular Vesicles from Ecklonia cava Inhibits UV-Induced Melanogenesis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:408. [PMID: 38671856 PMCID: PMC11047619 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperpigmentation due to ultraviolet (UV)-induced melanogenesis causes various esthetic problems. Phlorotannin (PT) and extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from various plants suppress melanogenesis pathways. We used UV-exposed keratinocytes and animal skin to determine if co-treatment with PT and EVs from Ecklonia cava (EVE) could inhibit melanogenesis by reducing UV-induced oxidative stress and the expression of the thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP)/nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain containing the 3 (NLRP3)/interleukin-18 (IL-18) pathway, which are upstream signals of the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor. UV exposure increased oxidative stress in keratinocytes and animal skin, as evaluated by 8-OHdG expression, and this effect was reduced by co-treatment with PT and EVE. UV also increased binding between NLRP3 and TXNIP, which increased NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-18 secretion, and this effect was reduced by co-treatment with PT and EVE in keratinocytes and animal skin. In melanocytes, conditioned media (CM) from UV-exposed keratinocytes increased the expression of melanogenesis-related pathways; however, these effects were reduced with CM from UV-exposed keratinocytes treated with PT and EVE. Similarly, PT and EVE treatment reduced melanogenesis-related signals, melanin content, and increased basement membrane (BM) components in UV-exposed animal skin. Thus, co-treatment with PT and EVE reduced melanogenesis and restored the BM structure by reducing oxidative stress and TXNIP/NLRP3/IL-18 pathway expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-A Byun
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- LIBON Inc., Incheon 22006, Republic of Korea
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Sosorburam Batsukh
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health & Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
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2
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Georgescu SR, Tocut SM, Matei C, Ene CD, Nicolae I, Tampa M. A Panel of Potential Serum Markers Related to Angiogenesis, Antioxidant Defense and Hypoxia for Differentiating Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinomas from Actinic Keratoses. J Pers Med 2024; 14:103. [PMID: 38248804 PMCID: PMC10820834 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) arising from the malignant proliferation of epidermal keratinocytes is the second most common skin cancer. Actinic keratosis (AK), which is considered cSCC in situ, may progress into invasive tumors. Currently, there are no serum markers that can differentiate cSCC from AK. The aim of our study was to assess angiogenesis and oxidative stress in patients with cSCC and patients with AK and find reliable serum markers useful in the diagnosis of cSCC. We have determined the serum levels of a group of proangiogenic factors (MMP-2, MMP-9, VEGF, FGF2), the total antioxidative status/capacity (TAS/TAC), ImAnOx, a marker of oxidative stress, and HIF-1 alpha, an indicator of hypoxia. We have identified higher serum levels of MMP-2. MMP-9, VEGF, FGF2 and HIF-1 alpha and lower levels of ImAnOx in cSCC patients compared to AK patients and controls. There were no statistically significant differences between AK patients and controls. We have found positive correlations between proangiogenic markers and HIF-1 alpha and negative correlations between proangiogenic markers and ImAnOx. Our results suggest that MMP-2, MMP-9, VEGF, FGF2, ImAnOx and HIF-1 may be promising markers for differentiating AK from cSCC, and there is a link between angiogenesis, oxidative stress and hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Roxana Georgescu
- Department of Dermatology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (S.R.G.); (M.T.)
- Department of Dermatology, ‘Victor Babes’ Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Sandra Milena Tocut
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel;
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Wolfson Medical Center”, 61 Halochamim Street, 58100 Holon, Israel
| | - Clara Matei
- Department of Dermatology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (S.R.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Corina Daniela Ene
- Department of Nephrology, ‘Carol Davila’ Nephrology Hospital, 010731 Bucharest, Romania
- Departments of Nephrology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ilinca Nicolae
- Department of Dermatology, ‘Victor Babes’ Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Mircea Tampa
- Department of Dermatology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (S.R.G.); (M.T.)
- Department of Dermatology, ‘Victor Babes’ Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania;
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Malta MD, Cerqueira MT, Marques AP. Extracellular matrix in skin diseases: The road to new therapies. J Adv Res 2023; 51:149-160. [PMID: 36481476 PMCID: PMC10491993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a vital structure with a dynamic and complex organization that plays an essential role in tissue homeostasis. In the skin, the ECM is arranged into two types of compartments: interstitial dermal matrix and basement membrane (BM). All evidence in the literature supports the notion that direct dysregulation of the composition, abundance or structure of one of these types of ECM, or indirect modifications in proteins that interact with them is linked to a wide range of human skin pathologies, including hereditary, autoimmune, and neoplastic diseases. Even though the ECM's key role in these pathologies has been widely documented, its potential as a therapeutic target has been overlooked. AIM OF REVIEW This review discusses the molecular mechanisms involved in three groups of skin ECM-related diseases - genetic, autoimmune, and neoplastic - and the recent therapeutic progress and opportunities targeting ECM. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW This article describes the implications of alterations in ECM components and in BM-associated molecules that are determinant for guaranteeing its function in different skin disorders. Also, ongoing clinical trials on ECM-targeted therapies are discussed together with future opportunities that may open new avenues for treating ECM-associated skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Malta
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - M T Cerqueira
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - A P Marques
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal.
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4
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Ferreira de Jesus S, Gonçalves de Souza M, dos Reis Pereira Queiroz L, Paola Santos de Paula D, Tamiarana Lima Tabosa A, Sarajane Moreira Alves W, Henrique da Silveira L, Teixeira da Silva Ferreira A, José Dutra Martuscelli O, Conceição Farias L, Maurício Batista de Paula A, Henrique Sousa Santos S, Luiz Sena Guimaraes A. Gallic Acid has an inhibitory effect on skin squamous cell carcinoma and acts on the heat shock protein HSP90AB1. Gene 2022; 851:147041. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.147041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Comparative Study of Immune Cells Infiltration in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.5812/ijcm-117673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: The role of tumor-associated tissue eosinophils and mast cells in the biological behavior of tumors remains unclear. Objectives: This study was performed to compare the eosinophil and mast cell counts in the cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the head and neck and to evaluate their relationship with clinicopathologic factors. Methods: The current descriptive-analytical study was conducted on the histopathologic slides of 46 BCC and 30 cSCC samples prepared by using Sirius red and toluidine blue staining techniques for eosinophil and mast cell counts, respectively. The data were analyzed, using Pearson’s correlation, t test, and ANOVA test. Results: The BCC and cSCC samples had mean eosinophil counts of 35.43 ± 35 and 331.27 ± 321.68 eosinophil/10 HPF, respectively, and this difference was statistically significant (P = 0.001). The levels of the mast cell infiltration were obtained as 55.33 ± 39.90 and 63.67 ± 40.86 in BCC and cSCC, respectively. However, this variable was not significantly different between the two groups of BCC and cSCC samples (P = 0.380). In addition, the mean eosinophil and mast cell counts were higher in cSCC grade 3 than in other grades; however, this difference was statistically significant only for the mast cells. Furthermore, the mean eosinophil/mast cell count in cSCC and BCC showed no significant relationship with age and gender. Conclusions: Considering the greater presence of eosinophils in cSCC than in BCC, eosinophils may be concluded to be among the factors responsible for more biologically and clinically invasive behaviors of cSCC, compared to those of BCC.
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Șerbănescu MS, Bungărdean RM, Georgiu C, Crișan M. Nodular and Micronodular Basal Cell Carcinoma Subtypes Are Different Tumors Based on Their Morphological Architecture and Their Interaction with the Surrounding Stroma. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12071636. [PMID: 35885545 PMCID: PMC9323345 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12071636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most frequent cancer of the skin and comprises low-risk and high-risk subtypes. We selected a low-risk subtype, namely, nodular (N), and a high-risk subtype, namely, micronodular (MN), with the aim to identify differences between them using a classical morphometric approach through a gray-level co-occurrence matrix and histogram analysis, as well as an approach based on deep learning semantic segmentation. From whole-slide images, pathologists selected 216 N and 201 MN BCC images. The two groups were then manually segmented and compared based on four morphological areas: center of the BCC islands (tumor, T), peripheral palisading of the BCC islands (touching tumor, TT), peritumoral cleft (PC) and surrounding stroma (S). We found that the TT pattern varied the least, while the PC pattern varied the most between the two subtypes. The combination of two distinct analysis approaches yielded fresh insights into the characterization of BCC, and thus, we were able to describe two different morphological patterns for the T component of the two subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mircea-Sebastian Șerbănescu
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Raluca Maria Bungărdean
- Department of Pathology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Correspondence:
| | - Carmen Georgiu
- Department of Pathology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Maria Crișan
- Department of Histology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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Kavasi RM, Neagu M, Constantin C, Munteanu A, Surcel M, Tsatsakis A, Tzanakakis GN, Nikitovic D. Matrix Effectors in the Pathogenesis of Keratinocyte-Derived Carcinomas. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:879500. [PMID: 35572966 PMCID: PMC9100789 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.879500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), referred to as keratinocyte carcinomas, are skin cancer with the highest incidence. BCCs, rarely metastasize; whereas, though generally not characterized by high lethality, approximately 2–4% of primary cSCCs metastasize with patients exhibiting poor prognosis. The extracellular matrix (ECM) serves as a scaffold that provides structural and biological support to cells in all human tissues. The main components of the ECM, including fibrillar proteins, proteoglycans (PGs), glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), and adhesion proteins such as fibronectin, are secreted by the cells in a tissue-specific manner, critical for the proper function of each organ. The skin compartmentalization to the epidermis and dermis compartments is based on a basement membrane (BM), a highly specialized network of ECM proteins that separate and unify the two compartments. The stiffness and assembly of BM and tensile forces affect tumor progenitors' invasion at the stratified epithelium's stromal border. Likewise, the mechanical properties of the stroma, e.g., stiffness, are directly correlated to the pathogenesis of the keratinocyte carcinomas. Since the ECM is a pool for various growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines, its' intense remodeling in the aberrant cancer tissue milieu affects biological functions, such as angiogenesis, adhesion, proliferation, or cell motility by regulating specific signaling pathways. This review discusses the structural and functional modulations of the keratinocyte carcinoma microenvironment. Furthermore, we debate how ECM remodeling affects the pathogenesis of these skin cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela-Maria Kavasi
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Monica Neagu
- Immunology Laboratory, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
- Colentina Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
- Doctoral School, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carolina Constantin
- Immunology Laboratory, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
- Colentina Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
- Doctoral School, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adriana Munteanu
- Immunology Laboratory, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
- Doctoral School, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Surcel
- Immunology Laboratory, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Forensic Science Department, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - George N. Tzanakakis
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Dragana Nikitovic
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- *Correspondence: Dragana Nikitovic
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Li L, Chen H, Chen X, Chen S, Gu H. Trehalose Protects Keratinocytes against Ultraviolet B Radiation by Activating Autophagy via Regulating TIMP3 and ATG9A. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:9366494. [PMID: 35450405 PMCID: PMC9018197 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9366494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Trehalose, a natural disaccharide, is synthesized by many organisms when cells are exposed to stressful stimuli. On the basis of its ability to modulate autophagy, trehalose has been considered an innovative drug for ameliorating many diseases, but its molecular mechanism is not well described. Previous findings demonstrated that trehalose plays a photoprotective role against ultraviolet (UV) B-induced damage through autophagy induction in keratinocytes. In this study, coimmunoprecipitation, label-free quantitative proteomic and parallel reaction monitoring, and western blot analysis demonstrated that trehalose promotes the interaction between tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) 3 and Beclin1. Western blot and immunofluorescence staining analysis suggested that trehalose increases ATG9A localization in lysosomes and decreases its localization in the endoplasmic reticulum. Furthermore, in the presence or absence of UVB radiation, we evaluated the influence of TIMP3 and ATG9A small interfering RNA (siRNA) on the effect of trehalose on autophagy, cell death, migration, or interleukin-8 expression in keratinocytes, including HaCaT, A431, and human epidermal keratinocytes. The results revealed that in HaCaT cells, TIMP3 and ATG9A siRNA resulted in attenuation of trehalose-induced autophagy and inhibited cell death. In A431 cells, TIMP3 and ATG9A siRNA led to attenuation of trehalose-induced autophagy and cell death and inhibited migration. In human epidermal keratinocytes, trehalose-induced autophagy and inhibition of the interleukin-8 expression were blocked by ATG9A but not TIMP3 siRNA. In addition, the results of quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry analysis demonstrated the abnormal expression of TIMP3 and ATG9A in actinic keratosis and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma skin tissues. These findings suggest the protective effects of trehalose in normal keratinocytes and its inhibitory effects on cancerous keratinocytes, possibly mediated by activation of autophagy and regulation of TIMP3 and ATG9A, providing the mechanistic basis for the potential use of trehalose in the prevention or treatment of UVB-induced skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Central Laboratory, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Hongying Chen
- Department of Physical Therapy, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Sihan Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Heng Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, China
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Tampa M, Georgescu SR, Mitran MI, Mitran CI, Matei C, Caruntu A, Scheau C, Nicolae I, Matei A, Caruntu C, Constantin C, Neagu M. Current Perspectives on the Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases in the Pathogenesis of Basal Cell Carcinoma. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060903. [PMID: 34204372 PMCID: PMC8235174 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common skin malignancy, which rarely metastasizes but has a great ability to infiltrate and invade the surrounding tissues. One of the molecular players involved in the metastatic process are matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). MMPs are enzymes that can degrade various components of the extracellular matrix. In the skin, the expression of MMPs is increased in response to various stimuli, including ultraviolet (UV) radiation, one of the main factors involved in the development of BCC. By modulating various processes that are linked to tumor growth, such as invasion and angiogenesis, MMPs have been associated with UV-related carcinogenesis. The sources of MMPs are multiple, as they can be released by both neoplastic and tumor microenvironment cells. Inhibiting the action of MMPs could be a useful therapeutic option in BCC management. In this review that reunites the latest advances in this domain, we discuss the role of MMPs in the pathogenesis and evolution of BCC, as molecules involved in tumor aggressiveness and risk of recurrence, in order to offer a fresh and updated perspective on this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mircea Tampa
- Department of Dermatology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (M.T.); (C.M.)
- Department of Dermatology, Victor Babes Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Simona Roxana Georgescu
- Department of Dermatology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (M.T.); (C.M.)
- Department of Dermatology, Victor Babes Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania;
- Correspondence: (S.R.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Madalina Irina Mitran
- Department of Microbiology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (M.I.M.); (C.I.M.)
| | - Cristina Iulia Mitran
- Department of Microbiology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (M.I.M.); (C.I.M.)
| | - Clara Matei
- Department of Dermatology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (M.T.); (C.M.)
| | - Ana Caruntu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, “Carol Davila” Central Military Emergency Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Titu Maiorescu University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (S.R.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Cristian Scheau
- Department of Physiology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.S.); (A.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Ilinca Nicolae
- Department of Dermatology, Victor Babes Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Andreea Matei
- Department of Physiology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.S.); (A.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Constantin Caruntu
- Department of Physiology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.S.); (A.M.); (C.C.)
- Department of Dermatology, Prof. N.C. Paulescu National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 011233 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carolina Constantin
- Immunology Department, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (C.C.); (M.N.)
- Department of Pathology, Colentina University Hospital, Bucharest 020125, Romania
| | - Monica Neagu
- Immunology Department, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (C.C.); (M.N.)
- Department of Pathology, Colentina University Hospital, Bucharest 020125, Romania
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest 76201, Romania
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Chou CF, Huang CC, Bin Dabil N, Chang PL. Assessing SPP1/Osteopontin (OPN) Splice Variants and Their Association to Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer by Absolute Quantification: Identification of OPN-5 Subvariants and Their Protein Coding Potential. Cancer Invest 2021; 39:559-570. [PMID: 34043476 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2021.1933015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The study evaluated whether SPP1/osteopontin (OPN) splice variants are differentially expressed in nonmelanoma skin cancer compared to normal skin. The absolute number of mRNA molecules of OPN-a predominated in normal skin and nonmelanoma skin cancer compared to OPN-b, OPN-c, and OPN-5. However, mRNAs of OPN-a, OPN-b, and OPN-c were expressed in higher levels in cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cSCCs) and basal cell carcinomas relative to normal skin. Additionally, OPN-5 expression was higher than OPN-b and OPN-c, and OPN-c, in normal skin and nonmelanoma skin cancer, respectively. Furthermore, we identified four OPN-5 splice variants, which were cloned and analyzed for protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Fang Chou
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Conway C Huang
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Noura Bin Dabil
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Pi-Ling Chang
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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11
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Riihilä P, Nissinen L, Kähäri V. Matrix metalloproteinases in keratinocyte carcinomas. Exp Dermatol 2021; 30:50-61. [PMID: 32869366 PMCID: PMC7821196 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of cutaneous keratinocyte-derived cancers is increasing globally. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common malignancy worldwide, and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the most common metastatic skin cancer. BCC can be classified into subtypes based on the histology, and these subtypes are classified further into low- and high-risk tumors. There is an increasing need to identify new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of unresectable and metastatic cSCC, and for aggressive BCC variants such as infiltrating, basosquamous or morpheaform BCCs. The most important risk factor for BCC and cSCC is solar UV radiation, which causes genetic and epigenetic alterations in keratinocytes. Similar gene mutations are noted already in sun-exposed normal skin emphasizing the role of the alterations in the tumor microenvironment in the progression of cSCC. Early events in cSCC progression are alterations in the composition of basement membrane and dermal extracellular matrix induced by influx of microbes, inflammatory cells and activated stromal fibroblasts. Activated fibroblasts promote inflammation and produce growth factors and proteolytic enzymes, including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Transforming growth factor-β produced by tumor cells and fibroblasts induces the expression of MMPs by cSCC cells and promotes their invasion. Fibroblast-derived keratinocyte growth factor suppresses the malignant phenotype of cSCC cells by inhibiting the expression of several MMPs. These findings emphasize the importance of interplay of tumor and stromal cells in the progression of cSCC and BCC and suggest tumor microenvironment as a therapeutic target in cSCC and aggressive subtypes of BCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilvi Riihilä
- Department of DermatologyUniversity of Turku and Turku University HospitalTurkuFinland
- FICAN West Cancer Centre Research LaboratoryUniversity of Turku and Turku University HospitalTurkuFinland
| | - Liisa Nissinen
- Department of DermatologyUniversity of Turku and Turku University HospitalTurkuFinland
- FICAN West Cancer Centre Research LaboratoryUniversity of Turku and Turku University HospitalTurkuFinland
| | - Veli‐Matti Kähäri
- Department of DermatologyUniversity of Turku and Turku University HospitalTurkuFinland
- FICAN West Cancer Centre Research LaboratoryUniversity of Turku and Turku University HospitalTurkuFinland
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12
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Gómez-García FJ, López López A, Guerrero-Sánchez Y, Sánchez Siles M, Martínez Díaz F, Camacho Alonso F. Chemopreventive effect of pomegranate and cocoa extracts on ultraviolet radiation-induced photocarcinogenesis in SKH-1 mice. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232009. [PMID: 32353018 PMCID: PMC7192448 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) has a high and increasing incidence all over the world. Solar radiation is the main aetiology for humans. Although most research into photocarcinogenesis uses UVB as a source of radiation, UVA is also carcinogenic in long term. Pomegranate (PGE) and cocoa (CE) extracts have been used for medicinal purposes for time immemorial. Recently, it has been claimed that some of their properties may be an effective preventative measure against photocarcinogenesis and photoaging, but to date in vivo models have not been tested using RUVA, the objective of the present work. A lower incidence of lesions was observed in SKH-1 mice treated with PGE (p<0.001), and lower incidence of invasive squamous carcinoma in both treatment groups (p<0.001 for PGE and p<0.05 for CE); the PGE group also showed a lower level of cell proliferation than the control group (p<0.001). Significantly greater p53 alteration was observed in the control group than the treatment groups (p<0.001 for PGE and p = 0.05 for CE). No significant differences were found in relation to TIMP-1 and MMP-9. Taken together, the results suggest that oral feeding of PGE and CE to SKH-1 mice affords substantial protection against the adverse effects of RUVA, especially PGE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco José Gómez-García
- Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonia López López
- Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Yolanda Guerrero-Sánchez
- Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Mariano Sánchez Siles
- Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Fabio Camacho Alonso
- Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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13
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Nemazannikova N, Blatch GL, Dass CR, Sinclair R, Apostolopoulos V. Vitamin D enzymes (CYP27A1, CYP27B1, and CYP24A1) and receptor expression in non-melanoma skin cancer. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2019; 51:444-447. [PMID: 30668811 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmy170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gregory L Blatch
- The Vice-Chancellery, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia
| | - Crispin R Dass
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Rodney Sinclair
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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14
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Ciążyńska M, Bednarski IA, Wódz K, Kolano P, Narbutt J, Sobjanek M, Woźniacka A, Lesiak A. Proteins involved in cutaneous basal cell carcinoma development. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:4064-4072. [PMID: 30128029 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common skin malignancy type in the Caucasian population, with a continuously increasing incidence rate. The etiology of BCC remains unknown, but it appears to have a multifactorial origin resulting from intrinsic and extrinsic factors, including short-wavelength ultraviolet B radiation. The role of specific proteins in BCC that are known to be responsible for the regulation of cell division and are involved in skin aging, including transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, Smad2, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)-1, -3, -8 and -9, cathepsin-K and progerin, remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to assess the mRNA and protein expression profile of samples with diagnosed nodular BCC (nBCC) compared with that of healthy skin samples collected from matched areas. The study group included 22 patients (10 men and 12 women; mean age, 59 years; range, 44-82 years) with pathologically confirmed nBCC, and 22 healthy volunteers (10 men and 12 women; mean age, 59 years; range, 43-78 years) as a control group. The expression of the studied proteins was assessed in all samples by western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. Statistically significant increases in the expression of TGF-β, Smad2, cathepsin-K, progerin and MMP-1, -3, -8 and -9 were detected in skin biopsies with diagnosed nBCC compared with the control group, confirming the important role of these proteins in skin carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Ciążyńska
- Department of Proliferative Diseases, Regional Oncology Centre, Łódź 93-513, Poland
| | - Igor A Bednarski
- Department of Dermatology, Paediatric Dermatology and Dermatological Oncology, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź 91-347, Poland
| | - Karolina Wódz
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź 90-237, Poland
| | - Paweł Kolano
- Department of General and Oncological Surgery, Tomaszow Health Centre, Tomaszow Mazowiecki 97-200, Poland
| | - Joanna Narbutt
- Department of Dermatology, Paediatric Dermatology and Dermatological Oncology, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź 91-347, Poland
| | - Michał Sobjanek
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-210, Poland
| | - Anna Woźniacka
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź 90-647, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Lesiak
- Department of Dermatology, Paediatric Dermatology and Dermatological Oncology, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź 91-347, Poland
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15
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Alameda JP, Gaspar M, Ramírez Á, Navarro M, Page A, Suárez-Cabrera C, Fernández MG, Mérida JR, Paramio JM, García-Fernández RA, Fernández-Aceñero MJ, Casanova ML. Deciphering the role of nuclear and cytoplasmic IKKα in skin cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:29531-47. [PMID: 27121058 PMCID: PMC5045415 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSC) are the most common human malignancies. IKKα is an essential protein for skin development and is also involved in the genesis and progression of NMSC, through mechanisms not fully understood. While different studies show that IKKα protects against skin cancer, others indicate that it promotes NMSC. To resolve this controversy we have generated two models of transgenic mice expressing the IKKα protein in the nucleus (N-IKKα mice) or the cytoplasm (C-IKKα mice) of keratinocytes. Chemical skin carcinogenesis experiments show that tumors developed by both types of transgenic mice exhibit histological and molecular characteristics that make them more prone to progression and invasion than those developed by Control mice. However, the mechanisms through which IKKα promotes skin tumors are different depending on its subcellular localization; while IKKα of cytoplasmic localization increases EGFR, MMP-9 and VEGF-A activities in tumors, nuclear IKKα causes tumor progression through regulation of c-Myc, Maspin and Integrin-α6 expression. Additionally, we have found that N-IKKα skin tumors mimic the characteristics associated to aggressive human skin tumors with high risk to metastasize. Our results show that IKKα has different non-overlapping roles in the nucleus or cytoplasm of keratinocytes, and provide new targets for intervention in human NMSC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefa P Alameda
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Molecular Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Investigation University Hospital "12 de Octubre", 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miriam Gaspar
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Ramírez
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Molecular Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Investigation University Hospital "12 de Octubre", 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Navarro
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Molecular Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Investigation University Hospital "12 de Octubre", 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Angustias Page
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Molecular Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Investigation University Hospital "12 de Octubre", 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristian Suárez-Cabrera
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Molecular Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Investigation University Hospital "12 de Octubre", 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Guadalupe Fernández
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embriology, Facultad de Medicina, UCM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose R Mérida
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embriology, Facultad de Medicina, UCM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús M Paramio
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Molecular Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Investigation University Hospital "12 de Octubre", 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa A García-Fernández
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Facultad de Veterinaria, UCM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - M Llanos Casanova
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Molecular Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Investigation University Hospital "12 de Octubre", 28041 Madrid, Spain
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16
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P21 Immunoexpression in Actinic Keratosis and Cutaneous Carcinomas. CURRENT HEALTH SCIENCES JOURNAL 2017; 43:226-230. [PMID: 30595880 PMCID: PMC6284839 DOI: 10.12865/chsj.43.03.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Actinic keratosis is a precancerous lesion of the skin with variable rates of transformation into
non-melanocytic carcinomas. The present study aims to analyze p21 expression in actinic keratosis and cutaneous squamous carcinomas. P21 expression analysis revealed a positive reaction in 63 (71.4%) of the investigated cases. The immunostaining analysis revealed positivity in 82.1% of the studied actinic keratosis cases and in 43.9% of the investigated carcinomas. High scores of immunoreactions were identified only for the well-differentiated and for the carcinomas in initial stages. Association of p21 expression with pre-invasive or well-differentiated invasive lesions in early stages of tumor progression suggests that p21 may be an early event in squamous carcinogenesis.
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17
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Kuznetsova EV, Snarskaya ES, Zavalishina LE, Tkachenko SB. [Immunohistochemical study of the specific features of expression of matrix metalloproteinases 1, 9 in the photoaged skin, the foci of actinic keratosis and basal cell carcinoma]. Arkh Patol 2017; 78:17-22. [PMID: 28139598 DOI: 10.17116/patol201678617-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) mediate the degradation of all types of collagens and other extracellular matrix components (elastin, proteoglycans, and laminin), their synthesis and accumulation play a key role in the hydrolysis of basement membrane. MMPs are involved in a wide range of proteolytic processes in the presence of different physiological and pathological changes, including inflammation, wound healing, angiogenesis, and carcinogenesis. AIM to study the specific features of MMP-1 and MMP-9 expression in different stages of skin photoaging, in the foci of actinic keratosis and basal cell carcinoma by immunohistochemical examination. MATERIAL AND METHODS 12 samples of the healthy skin (6 samples of the eyelid skin with Glogau grade II photoaging; 6 ones of eyelid skin with Glogau grades III-IV photoaging) and biopsies from 8 foci of actinic keratosis and from 8 ones of basal cell carcinoma were examined. A positive reaction to MMPs was shown as different brown staining intensity in the cytoplasm of keratinocytes/tumor cells. RESULTS MMP-1 and MMP-9 expression was recorded in 67% of the histological specimens of the Glogau grade III photoaged skin and in 100% of those of Glogau grade IV. In the foci of actinic keratosis, the expression of MMP-1 was observed in 62.5% of cases and that of MMP-9 was seen in 87.5%. In basal cell carcinoma, the expression of MMP-1 and MMP-9 was detected in all investigated samples. CONCLUSION The immunomorphological findings are indicative of the important role of the level of MMP-1 and MMP-9 expression that is associated with the degree of progression of skin photoaging processes. Minimal MMP-1 and MMP-9 expression was recorded even in grades III-IV photoaging and in the foci of actinic keratosis. Intense MMP-1 and MMP-9 expression was detected in malignant skin epithelial neoplasms as different clinicomorphological types of basal cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Kuznetsova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - E S Snarskaya
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - L E Zavalishina
- Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - S B Tkachenko
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
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18
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Poswar FDO, Santos LI, Farias LC, Guimarães TA, Santos SHS, Jones KM, de Paula AMB, Palhares RM, D'Angelo MFSV, Guimarães ALS. An adaptation of particle swarm clustering applied in basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma of the skin and actinic keratosis. Meta Gene 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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19
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Jawad SN, Abdullah BH. Ameloblastoma vs basal cell carcinoma: an immunohistochemical comparison. Ann Diagn Pathol 2016; 25:79-84. [PMID: 27806852 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2016.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite behavioral mimicry of ameloblastoma (AB) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC), they are classified at 2 extremes within pertinent WHO classifications with respect to benign and malignant designation. This study aims to appraise the current allocation of AB in the classification through an immunohistochemical comparison of some aspects of behavior with BCC. Sections from retrospectively retrieved formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of AB (n = 37) and BCC (n = 34) were comparatively examined for the immunohistochemical expression for Ki-67, Bcl-2, MMP-2, MMP-9, CD31, and D2-40 monoclonal antibodies. No statistically significant differences between the tumors were found regarding the immunoexpressions of Bcl-2 (P = .252), CD31 microvessel density (P = .895), lymphatic vessel density (P = .642), and MMP-9 stromal expression (P = .083). MMP-2 expression was significantly higher in epithelial and stromal regions of AB (P = .009 and P = .001, respectively), whereas Ki-67 and MMP-9 epithelial expressions were significantly higher in BCC (P < .000 and P = .026, respectively). Within the studied immunohistochemical attributes for tumor behavior, the study accentuated the overall behavioral mimicry of the tumors and indicated that BCCs surmount ABs by the proliferative rate only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salam N Jawad
- Oral pathology, College of Dentistry, Baghdad University, Baghdad, Iraq.
| | - Bashar H Abdullah
- Professor of Oral pathology, College of Dentistry, Baghdad University, Baghdad, Iraq
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20
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Goździalska A, Wojas-Pelc A, Drąg J, Brzewski P, Jaśkiewicz J, Pastuszczak M. Expression of metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) in basal-cell carcinoma. Mol Biol Rep 2016; 43:1027-33. [PMID: 27406386 PMCID: PMC5025502 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-016-4040-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the expressions of mRNA for metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) and type IV collagen in two different histological types of basal-cell carcinoma (BCCs; nodular and infiltrative) and in normal tissues from the tumor interface. The study included biopsy specimens of the skin involved with BCC and normal skin adjacent the lesion. The expressions of mRNA for MMP-2, MMP-9 and type IV collagen were determined by means of RT-PCR (Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction). The level of type IV collagen mRNA in nodular and infiltrative BCCs turned out to be significantly lower, and the expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNA significantly higher than in normal tissues adjacent to these tumors. The expression of mRNA for MMP-9 but not for MMP-2 was significantly higher in infiltrative BCCs than in the nodular BCCs. In turn, normal tissues adjacent to nodular BCCs showed significantly higher levels of mRNA for MMP-2 and significantly lower levels of type IV collagen mRNA than the normal tissues from the interface of infiltrative BCCs. The findings suggest that MMP-2 and MMP-9 could be used as prognostic factors of BCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Goździalska
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, 1 G. Herlinga-Grudzińskiego St, 30-705, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Anna Wojas-Pelc
- Department of Dermatology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jagoda Drąg
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, 1 G. Herlinga-Grudzińskiego St, 30-705, Krakow, Poland
| | - Paweł Brzewski
- Department of Dermatology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jerzy Jaśkiewicz
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, 1 G. Herlinga-Grudzińskiego St, 30-705, Krakow, Poland
| | - Maciej Pastuszczak
- Department of Dermatology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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21
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Kadeh H, Saravani S, Heydari F, Shahraki S. Differential immunohistochemical expression of matrix metalloproteinase-10 (MMP-10) in non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. Pathol Res Pract 2016; 212:867-871. [PMID: 27567711 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2016.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) and Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) are two common skin malignancies with different potentials for invasion and metastasis. The mechanism responsible for various growth patterns observed in SCC and BCC is still not fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-10 in non-melanoma skin cancers, including BCC and SCC of the head and neck. The study group consisted of 60 specimens, including 30 BCC and 30 cutaneous SCC of the head and neck. Sections of tumor biopsy samples were immunohistochemically examined for the expression of MMP-10. Data were analyzed by SPSS (V.21) using Mann-Whitney and Kruskal Wallis tests. We found higher immunohistochemical expression of MMP-10 in tumor epithelium and stroma of SCC as compared with BCC. However, this difference was significant only in tumor epithelium (P=0.000). Moreover, the level of MMP-10 expression in tumor epithelium of grades III and II of SCC was significantly greater compared to grade I tumors (P<0.05).Our results suggest that the level of the MMP-10 expression in tumor epithelium of cutaneous SCC and BCC may contribute to the different invasive patterns observed in these tumors. Also, the expression of MMP-10 is associated with tumor differentiation in cutaneous HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Kadeh
- Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
| | - Shirin Saravani
- Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Heydari
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
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22
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Pittayapruek P, Meephansan J, Prapapan O, Komine M, Ohtsuki M. Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Photoaging and Photocarcinogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060868. [PMID: 27271600 PMCID: PMC4926402 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 581] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc-containing endopeptidases with an extensive range of substrate specificities. Collectively, these enzymes are able to degrade various components of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Based on their structure and substrate specificity, they can be categorized into five main subgroups, namely (1) collagenases (MMP-1, MMP-8 and MMP-13); (2) gelatinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9); (3) stromelysins (MMP-3, MMP-10 and MMP-11); (4) matrilysins (MMP-7 and MMP-26); and (5) membrane-type (MT) MMPs (MMP-14, MMP-15, and MMP-16). The alterations made to the ECM by MMPs might contribute in skin wrinkling, a characteristic of premature skin aging. In photocarcinogenesis, degradation of ECM is the initial step towards tumor cell invasion, to invade both the basement membrane and the surrounding stroma that mainly comprises fibrillar collagens. Additionally, MMPs are involved in angiogenesis, which promotes cancer cell growth and migration. In this review, we focus on the present knowledge about premature skin aging and skin cancers such as basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and melanoma, with our main focus on members of the MMP family and their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavida Pittayapruek
- Division of Dermatology, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12000, Thailand.
| | - Jitlada Meephansan
- Division of Dermatology, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12000, Thailand.
| | - Ornicha Prapapan
- Division of Dermatology, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12000, Thailand.
| | - Mayumi Komine
- Department of Dermatology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan.
| | - Mamitaro Ohtsuki
- Department of Dermatology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan.
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23
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Mahale A, Alkatan H, Alwadani S, Othman M, Suarez MJ, Price A, Al-Hussain H, Jastaneiah S, Yu W, Maktabi A, Deepak EP, Eberhart CG, Asnaghi L. Altered gene expression in conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma. Mod Pathol 2016; 29:452-60. [PMID: 26916071 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2016.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma is a malignancy of the ocular surface. The molecular drivers responsible for the development and progression of this disease are not well understood. We therefore compared the transcriptional profiles of eight snap-frozen conjunctival squamous cell carcinomas and one in situ lesion with normal conjunctival specimens in order to identify diagnostic markers or therapeutic targets. RNA was analyzed using oligonucleotide microarrays, and a wide range of transcripts with altered expression identified, including many dysregulated in carcinomas arising at other sites. Among the upregulated genes, we observed more than 30-fold induction of the matrix metalloproteinases, MMP-9 and MMP-11, as well as a prominent increase in the mRNA level of a calcium-binding protein important for the intracellular calcium signaling, S100A2, which was induced over 20-fold in the tumor cohort. Clusterin was the most downregulated gene, with an approximately 180-fold reduction in the mRNA expression. These alterations were all confirmed by qPCR in the samples used for initial microarray analysis. In addition, immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the overexpression of MMP-11 and S100A2, as well as reductions in clusterin, in several independent in situ carcinomas of conjunctiva. These data identify a number of alterations, including upregulation of MMP-9, MMP-11, and S100A2, as well as downregulation of clusterin, associated with epithelial tumorigenesis in the ocular surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Mahale
- King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hind Alkatan
- Department of Ophthalmology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Alwadani
- King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Ophthalmology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maha Othman
- King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maria J Suarez
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Antoinette Price
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Wayne Yu
- Microarray Core Facility, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Azza Maktabi
- King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Edward P Deepak
- King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Charles G Eberhart
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Laura Asnaghi
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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