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Temeng E, Hewitt R, Pattinson R, Sydor A, Whybrow D, Watts T, Bundy C. Nurses' coping strategies caring for patients during severe viral pandemics: A mixed-methods systematic review. J Clin Nurs 2024; 33:242-254. [PMID: 37032642 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.16711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nurses play an essential role in responding to severe viral disease which bring considerable challenges to their personal and professional well-being. This subsequently can affect the delivery of care and healthcare systems' organisational capacity to respond. Understanding nurses' experiences of these challenges will help inform healthcare policies. AIM To explore the experiences and coping strategies of nurses caring for patients during severe viral disease pandemics. DESIGN A mixed-methods systematic review informed by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology. METHODS A mixed-methods systematic review. Five electronic databases Medline, CINAHL, PsychInfo, ASSIA and Scopus were searched on 4th April 2021. Results were reported in accordance with PRISMA. The findings were analysed and reported in the context of the Self-Regulatory Common-Sense Model. RESULTS In total, 71 peer-review primary research articles describing nurses' experiences of caring for patients during SARS, MERS, Swine flu H1N1, Avian influenza or SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 published in English from 2003 to 2021 were included. We found links between nurses' perception of the health threats, their emotional reactions, and coping strategies. Perceived health threats were influenced by organisational factors including frequent changes in clinical guidelines and workplace protocols, onerous workloads and working hours, unavailability of PPE, and lack of knowledge and training in pandemic management. These impacted nurses' physical, psychological and social well-being. Nurses also reported helpful and unhelpful coping strategies to manage the health threats. CONCLUSIONS It is vital for stakeholders, policymakers, government and healthcare institutions to recognise and monitor the wider impact on healthcare workers from health emergencies. In addition, support to develop and implement effective systems and individual mechanisms to offset the anticipated impact pre and post pandemics/epidemics is needed. Our findings can inform those strategies for similar future health emergencies. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Nurses are often the first point of contact in providing direct care to patients, hence they are at high risk of being infected. The findings from this review can help managers and policymakers in developing programmes to enhance resilience in the nursing workforce. NO PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION This was a literature review study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Temeng
- School of Healthcare Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Rachael Hewitt
- School of Healthcare Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Anna Sydor
- School of Healthcare Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Dean Whybrow
- School of Healthcare Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Tessa Watts
- School of Healthcare Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Chris Bundy
- School of Healthcare Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Sanchez-Gonzalez C, Pérez BS, Reyes MP, Aguilar JLF, Villalba JS, Santoyo JS. Recipient With Influenza A Infection: Contraindication to Transplant? A Case Report. Transplant Proc 2023; 55:2299-2300. [PMID: 37827900 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2023.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Active infections in recipients are considered an absolute contraindication to liver transplantation due to the risk of severe disease caused by the required immunosuppression. Even though viral infections, such as Influenza A, have been treated in liver transplant patients both in the immediate and late postoperative period with favorable outcomes, no cases of prediagnosed Influenza A have been described in which the decision to proceed with the indication had to be made. In certain viral infections, like Influenza A, the paucisymptomatic state and the availability of appropriate treatment could open the door to performing liver transplants with positive results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Sanchez-Gonzalez
- General Surgery and Digestive System Department, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Belinda Sánchez Pérez
- General Surgery and Digestive System Department, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, Málaga, Spain.
| | - María Pérez Reyes
- General Surgery and Digestive System Department, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Julio Santoyo Villalba
- General Surgery and Digestive System Department, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Julio Santoyo Santoyo
- General Surgery and Digestive System Department, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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Smith RG. Clinical data to be used as a foundation to combat Covid-19 vaccine hesitancy. JOURNAL OF INTERPROFESSIONAL EDUCATION & PRACTICE 2022; 26:100483. [PMID: 34926837 PMCID: PMC8664723 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjep.2021.100483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus has become the paramount subject in peoples' lives, affecting and disrupting virtually every aspect of society, as the pandemic casts a shadow over the world. The facts, myths, and conspiracy theories centered on the Covid-19 pandemic have dominated social media accounts, local and national newspapers, as well as television programs. Strategies need to be evolved to counter Covid-19 vaccine hesitancy and mitigate health disparities in at-risk populations. Overcoming misinformation and distrust will require an interdisciplinary approach to deal with Covid-19. The purpose of this review is to offer a factual basis to all healthcare providers to assist in framing strategies to mitigate vaccine hesitancy and achieve herd immunity to combat the deadly Covid-19 pandemic. First an overview of the discovery of the viruses and their molecular structures will be presented. Secondly, a historical perspective is offered, comparing the differences between the 1918 flu pandemic and the current covid-19 pandemic. Lastly, an overview for proposed techniques and methods to counter and or mitigate covid-19 vaccine misinformation that may be used by an interdisciplinary team will be offered narratively and graphically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Smith
- Studying Opioid Harm 501.3(c), 723 Lucerne Circle, Ormond Beach, Florida, 32174, USA
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Park Y, Shin DG, Lee JZ, Kim HW, Seo S. Evaluation of thickness‐dependent temperature coefficient in a thin film thermocouple and its in vivo test using a porcine model. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-021-01067-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Fernandez R, Lord H, Halcomb E, Moxham L, Middleton R, Alananzeh I, Ellwood L. Implications for COVID-19: A systematic review of nurses' experiences of working in acute care hospital settings during a respiratory pandemic. Int J Nurs Stud 2020; 111:103637. [PMID: 32919358 PMCID: PMC7206441 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 388] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pandemics and epidemics are public health emergencies that can result in substantial deaths and socio-economic disruption. Nurses play a key role in the public health response to such crises, delivering direct patient care and reducing the risk of exposure to the infectious disease. The experience of providing nursing care in this context has the potential to have significant short and long term consequences for individual nurses, society and the nursing profession. OBJECTIVES To synthesize and present the best available evidence on the experiences of nurses working in acute hospital settings during a pandemic. DESIGN This review was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for systematic reviews. DATA SOURCES A structured search using CINAHL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, MedNar, ProQuest and Index to Theses was conducted. REVIEW METHODS All studies describing nurses' experiences were included regardless of methodology. Themes and narrative statements were extracted from included papers using the SUMARI data extraction tool from Joanna Briggs Institute. RESULTS Thirteen qualitative studies were included in the review. The experiences of 348 nurses generated a total of 116 findings, which formed seven categories based on similarity of meaning. Three synthesized findings were generated from the categories: (i) Supportive nursing teams providing quality care; (ii) Acknowledging the physical and emotional impact; and (iii) Responsiveness of systematised organizational reaction. CONCLUSIONS Nurses are pivotal to the health care response to infectious disease pandemics and epidemics. This systematic review emphasises that nurses' require Governments, policy makers and nursing groups to actively engage in supporting nurses, both during and following a pandemic or epidemic. Without this, nurses are likely to experience substantial psychological issues that can lead to burnout and loss from the nursing workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritin Fernandez
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong NSW 2522, Australia; Centre for Research in Nursing and Health, Level 1 Research and Education Building, St George Hospital, South Street, Kogarah NSW 2217, Australia; Center for Evidence Based Initiatives in Health Care: A JBI Center of Excellence, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong NSW 2522, Australia.
| | - Heidi Lord
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong NSW 2522, Australia; Centre for Research in Nursing and Health, Level 1 Research and Education Building, St George Hospital, South Street, Kogarah NSW 2217, Australia; Center for Evidence Based Initiatives in Health Care: A JBI Center of Excellence, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong NSW 2522, Australia.
| | - Elizabeth Halcomb
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong NSW 2522, Australia.
| | - Lorna Moxham
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong NSW 2522, Australia.
| | - Rebekkah Middleton
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong NSW 2522, Australia.
| | - Ibrahim Alananzeh
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong NSW 2522, Australia.
| | - Laura Ellwood
- Centre for Research in Nursing and Health, Level 1 Research and Education Building, St George Hospital, South Street, Kogarah NSW 2217, Australia.
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Halcomb E, Williams A, Ashley C, McInnes S, Stephen C, Calma K, James S. The support needs of Australian primary health care nurses during the COVID‐19 pandemic. J Nurs Manag 2020; 28:1553-1560. [DOI: 10.1111/jonm.13108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Halcomb
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Science Medicine & Health University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute Medical Research Institute Keiraville Australia
| | - Anna Williams
- School of Nursing University of Notre Dame Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Christine Ashley
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Science Medicine & Health University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW Australia
| | - Susan McInnes
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Science Medicine & Health University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW Australia
| | - Catherine Stephen
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Science Medicine & Health University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW Australia
| | - Kaara Calma
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Science Medicine & Health University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW Australia
| | - Sharon James
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Science Medicine & Health University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW Australia
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Ma W, Huang H, Chen J, Xu K, Dai Q, Yu H, Deng F, Qi X, Wang S, Hong J, Bao C, Huo X, Zhou M. Predictors for fatal human infections with avian H7N9 influenza, evidence from four epidemic waves in Jiangsu Province, Eastern China, 2013-2016. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2017; 11:418-424. [PMID: 28675634 PMCID: PMC5596522 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Four epidemic waves of human infection with H7N9 have been recorded in China up to 1 June 2016, including in Jiangsu Province. However, few studies have investigated the differences in patients' characteristics among the four epidemic waves, and the analyses of factors associated with fatal infection lacked statistical power in previous studies due to limited sample size. Methods All laboratory‐confirmed A(H7N9) patients in Jiangsu province were analysed. Patients' characteristics were compared across four waves and between survivors and those who died. Multivariate analyses were used to identify independent predictors of death. Results Significant differences were found in the lengths of several time intervals (from onset of disease to laboratory confirmation, to onset of ARDS and respiratory failure, and to death) and in the development of heart failure. The proportions of overweight patients and rural patients increased significantly across the four waves. Administration of glucocorticoids and double‐dose neuraminidase inhibitors became the norm. Predictors of death included complications such as ARDS, heart failure and septic shock, administration of glucocorticoids, and disease duration. Conclusion Characteristics of H7N9 patients and clinical treatment options changed over time. Particular complications and the use of particular treatment, along with disease duration, could help clinicians predict the outcome of H7N9 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Ma
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haodi Huang
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Chen
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wannan, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Qigang Dai
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Huiyan Yu
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Deng
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Xian Qi
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Shenjiao Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Hong
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Changjun Bao
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Huo
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Minghao Zhou
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
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8
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Adi-Kusumo F. The Dynamics of a SEIR–SIRC Antigenic Drift Influenza Model. Bull Math Biol 2017; 79:1412-1425. [DOI: 10.1007/s11538-017-0290-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Garcia V, Aris-Brosou S. Comparative dynamics and distribution of influenza drug resistance acquisition to protein m2 and neuraminidase inhibitors. Mol Biol Evol 2013; 31:355-63. [PMID: 24214415 PMCID: PMC3907049 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/mst204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although efficient influenza vaccines are designed on a regular basis, the only protection of human populations against an unforeseen virus such as during the H1N1 pandemic in 2009 might be antiviral drugs. Adamantanes and neuraminidase inhibitors (Oseltamivir) represent two classes of such drugs that target the viral matrix protein 2 and neuraminidase, respectively. Although the emergence of resistance to both drugs has been described, the timing and spread of the acquisition of either single or dual resistances by different hosts is still unclear. Using a multilayered phylogenetic approach based on relaxed molecular clocks and large-scale maximum likelihood approaches, we show that Adamantane resistance evolved multiple times in various subtypes and hosts, possibly in breeding contexts (swine); and Oseltamivir resistance was also found in different subtypes and hosts, but its transmission is only sustained in humans. Furthermore, the dynamics of the emergence of antiviral resistance were examined for each drug. This showed that although the first mutations conferring resistance to Adamantanes precede US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval, general resistance emerged 15-38 years post-drug approval. This is in contrast to Oseltamivir resistance mutations that emerged at most 7 years after FDA approval of the drug. This study demonstrates the power of large-scale analyses to uncover and monitor the emergence dynamics of drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Garcia
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Influenza A virus NS1 induces G0/G1 cell cycle arrest by inhibiting the expression and activity of RhoA protein. J Virol 2013; 87:3039-52. [PMID: 23283961 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.03176-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus is an important pathogenic virus known to induce host cell cycle arrest in G(0)/G(1) phase and create beneficial conditions for viral replication. However, how the virus achieves arrest remains unclear. We investigated the mechanisms underlying this process and found that the nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is required. Based on this finding, we generated a viable influenza A virus (H1N1) lacking the entire NS1 gene to study the function of this protein in cell cycle regulation. In addition to some cell cycle regulators that were changed, the concentration and activity of RhoA protein, which is thought to be pivotal for G(1)/S phase transition, were also decreased with overexpressing NS1. And in the meantime, the phosphorylation level of cell cycle regulator pRb, downstream of RhoA kinase, was decreased in an NS1-dependent manner. These findings indicate that the NS1 protein induces G(0)/G(1) cell cycle arrest mainly through interfering with the RhoA/pRb signaling cascade, thus providing favorable conditions for viral protein accumulation and replication. We further investigated the NS1 protein of avian influenza virus (H5N1) and found that it can also decrease the expression and activity of RhoA, suggesting that the H5N1 virus may affect the cell cycle through the same mechanism. The NS1/RhoA/pRb cascade, which can induce the G(0)/G(1) cell cycle arrest identified here, provides a unified explanation for the seemingly different NS1 functions involved in viral replication events. Our findings shed light on the mechanism of influenza virus replication and open new avenues for understanding the interaction between pathogens and hosts.
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Chauhan N, Narang J, Pundir S, Singh S, Pundir CS. Laboratory diagnosis of swine flu: a review. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 41:189-95. [PMID: 23140089 DOI: 10.3109/10731199.2012.716063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Human swine influenza A [H1N1], also referred to as "swine flu," is highly transmissible. The emergence of new strains will continue to pose challenges to public health and the scientific communities will have to prepare to detect them for appropriate treatment. Most sophisticated methods include immunofluorescence staining and antigen subtyping based on hemagglutination inhibition (HI). Another standard method is RT-PCR targeting hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes. The recent availability of rapid, reliable, and easy-to-perform tests for detecting influenza virus infections has introduced rapid viral diagnosis. This review thus summarizes the current information on the present diagnostic methods for influenza virus H1N1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Chauhan
- Department of Biochemistry, M. D. University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
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Huang C, Ma W, Stack S. The hygienic efficacy of different hand-drying methods: a review of the evidence. Mayo Clin Proc 2012; 87:791-8. [PMID: 22656243 PMCID: PMC3538484 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2012.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Revised: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The transmission of bacteria is more likely to occur from wet skin than from dry skin; therefore, the proper drying of hands after washing should be an integral part of the hand hygiene process in health care. This article systematically reviews the research on the hygienic efficacy of different hand-drying methods. A literature search was conducted in April 2011 using the electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Search terms used were hand dryer and hand drying. The search was limited to articles published in English from January 1970 through March 2011. Twelve studies were included in the review. Hand-drying effectiveness includes the speed of drying, degree of dryness, effective removal of bacteria, and prevention of cross-contamination. This review found little agreement regarding the relative effectiveness of electric air dryers. However, most studies suggest that paper towels can dry hands efficiently, remove bacteria effectively, and cause less contamination of the washroom environment. From a hygiene viewpoint, paper towels are superior to electric air dryers. Paper towels should be recommended in locations where hygiene is paramount, such as hospitals and clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunrui Huang
- School of Public Health and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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Mansour DEAA, El-Shazly AAF, Elawamry AI, Ismail AT. Comparison of ocular findings in patients with H1N1 influenza infection versus patients receiving influenza vaccine during a pandemic. Ophthalmic Res 2012; 48:134-8. [PMID: 22572924 DOI: 10.1159/000337138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate ocular findings during the pandemic influenza A (H1N1) and after vaccination for the same strain. PATIENTS AND METHODS This study was conducted on 89 patients with H1N1 influenza infection (group 1) and 28 subjects who received vaccination for H1N1 (group 2). All patients were subjected to history taking, ophthalmological examination, fundus examination, conjunctival impression cytology and conjunctival swabs. RESULTS The patients' age ranged between 5 and 60 years (19.25 ± 11.70 years). Group 1 included 43 (48.1%) males and 46 (51.9%) females, while group 2 included 13 (46.43%) males and 15 (53.57%) females. The most common ocular finding of patients in group 1 was bilateral acute conjunctivitis in 58 cases (65.17%), while in group 2, we found 3 (10.71%) cases of mild conjunctivitis, and 2 (7.14%) cases of moderate conjunctivitis. Retinopathy, uveal affection, and optic neuritis were not statistically different between the 2 groups. Impression cytology of the conjunctiva for group 1 showed squamous metaplasia grade 3 with enlargement of epithelial cells, and fragmentation of the nucleus which is similar to virus-infected structural changes. CONCLUSION Pandemic influenza H1N1 was able to induce different ocular manifestations including acute conjunctivitis, retinopathy, uveal effusion syndrome and optic neuritis.
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Knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) related to the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 among Chinese general population: a telephone survey. BMC Infect Dis 2011; 11:128. [PMID: 21575222 PMCID: PMC3112099 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-11-128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2010] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND China is at greatest risk of the Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 due to its huge population and high residential density. The unclear comprehension and negative attitudes towards the emerging infectious disease among general population may lead to unnecessary worry and even panic. The objective of this study was to investigate the Chinese public response to H1N1 pandemic and provide baseline data to develop public education campaigns in response to future outbreaks. METHODS A close-ended questionnaire developed by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention was applied to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 among 10,669 responders recruited from seven urban and two rural areas of China sampled by using the probability proportional to size (PPS) method. RESULTS 30.0% respondents were not clear whether food spread H1N1 virus and. 65.7% reported that the pandemic had no impact on their life. The immunization rates of the seasonal flu and H1N1vaccine were 7.5% and 10.8%, respectively. Farmers and those with lower education level were less likely to know the main transmission route (cough or talk face to face). Female and those with college and above education had higher perception of risk and more compliance with preventive behaviors. Relationships between knowledge and risk perception (OR = 1.69; 95%CI 1.54-1.86), and knowledge and practices (OR = 1.57; 95%CI 1.42-1.73) were found among the study subjects. With regard to the behavior of taking up A/H1N1 vaccination, there are several related factors found in the current study population, including the perception of life disturbed (OR = 1.29; 95%CI 1.11-1.50), the safety of A/H1N1 vaccine (OR = 0.07; 95%CI 0.04-0.11), the knowledge of free vaccination policy (OR = 7.20; 95%CI 5.91-8.78), the state's priority vaccination strategy(OR = 1.33; 95%CI 1.08-1.64), and taking up seasonal influenza vaccine behavior (OR = 4.69; 95%CI 3.53-6.23). CONCLUSIONS This A/H1N1 epidemic has not caused public panic yet, but the knowledge of A/H1N1 in residents is not optimistic. Public education campaign may take the side effects of vaccine and the knowledge about the state's vaccination strategy into account.
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Gainer SM, Patel SJ, Seethamraju H, Moore LW, Knight RJ, Gaber AO. Increased mortality of solid organ transplant recipients with H1N1 infection: a single center experience. Clin Transplant 2011; 26:229-37. [PMID: 21501229 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0012.2011.01443.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Immunosuppressed solid organ transplant recipients are included in the cohort at increased risk for complications of viral infections such as the newly encountered H1N1. A retrospective review was performed to collect data on patients hospitalized during a recent H1N1 epidemic. H1N1 was suspected based on symptoms and real-time reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction assay confirmed the diagnosis. From August through October of 2009, 89 patients were admitted to The Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, with H1N1. Eighteen were solid organ transplant recipients with an age range of 34-69 yr. This group included nine kidney, five lung, one kidney-pancreas, one liver, and two heart recipients. Severe cardiac or pulmonary comorbidities existed in over half of non-transplant patients, while only eight of these non-transplant patients were otherwise healthy. Eighty-nine percent of transplant patients presented with fever or chills, 72% with cough, and 56% with gastrointestinal distress. Symptoms were similar to non-transplant patients. All transplant patients were treated with oseltamivir. Two non-transplant patients and three transplant patients died. Thirty-day survival was 97% in non-transplant and 83% in transplant patients (p=0.02). In the context of an initial epidemic of H1N1, infection was associated with increased risk of complications and mortality in solid organ transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Gainer
- Department of Surgery, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Vilà de Muga M, Torre Monmany N, Asensio Carretero S, Travería Casanovas FJ, Martínez Mejías A, Coll Sibina MT, Luaces Cubells C. [Clinical features of influenza A H1N1 2009: a multicentre study]. An Pediatr (Barc) 2011; 75:6-12. [PMID: 21397578 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2011.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2010] [Revised: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe clinical and epidemiological features of influenza A H1N1 2009 diagnosed patients in the Emergency Department of 4 hospitals. MATERIAL AND METHODS Prospective multicentre study conducted from july to december 2009. The patients diagnosed by Real-Time PCR of influenza A H1N1 2009 in the emergency department were included. The test was requested according to the protocols established throughout the epidemic. Epidemiological, clinical, laboratory variables and outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS A total of 456 cases were included, with a median age of 6.5years (PC(25-75) 3-10.6). There were risk factors of complications In 266 patients (59.4%) due to the influenza, mainly: respiratory (47%), cardiovascular (17%), neurological (14%) and immunosuppression (11%). The most frequent symptoms were fever (96%), (88%) cough, (72%) rhinorrhoea, muscle aches or asthenia and breathing difficulties and, less common, gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms. Chest X-ray was performed on 224 cases (49%), with lobar (31%) and interstitial (15%) infiltrates. One hundred and forty patients (31%) were hospitalised and 3.2% required Intensive Care Unit (median stay 4 and 3.5days, respectively). The most frequent complications were pneumonias and bronchospasms. Three patients died (a previously healthy patient with myocarditis and 2 patients with encephalopathy due to respiratory failure). Another case of myocarditis recovered with sequelae. CONCLUSIONS The profile of patient with influenza A 2009 diagnosed in the emergency department was a school child, with risk factors of complications, presenting with respiratory symptoms and fever over a short time, and who can be discharged. It is important to emphasise myocarditis, as well as the usual respiratory complications of influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vilà de Muga
- Servicio de Urgencias, Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, España
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Komatsu H, Sugawara H, Matsuoka M, Tsunoda T, Hirata G, Sogo T, Hatano M, Inui A, Fujisawa T. Clinical features of children with pneumonia from swine-origin influenza A virus H1N1: a single center experience in Japan. Pediatr Int 2011; 53:115-9. [PMID: 21342340 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-200x.2010.03239.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haruki Komatsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama Eastern Hospital, Yokohama, Japan.
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Calitri C, Gabiano C, Garazzino S, Pinon M, Zoppo M, Cuozzo M, Scolfaro C, Tovo PA. Clinical features of hospitalised children with 2009 H1N1 influenza virus infection. Eur J Pediatr 2010; 169:1511-5. [PMID: 20652313 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-010-1255-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2010] [Accepted: 07/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Clinical features and outcome of 2009 H1N1 influenza virus in the paediatric setting is ill-defined. The epidemiologic and clinical features of children with confirmed H1N1 influenza virus infection admitted to an Italian tertiary paediatric hospital from August through December 2009 were evaluated. A total of 63 children (mean age 4.3 years) were studied; of these, 29 (46%) had chronic underlying diseases. The most frequent symptoms and signs at admission were fever (97%), cough (60%) and respiratory disturbances (24%). Forty patients (63.5%) had H1N1-related complications: 32 (51%) pulmonary diseases, three (5%) neurological disorders, such as acute encephalitis or acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, and two (3%) haematological alterations. Three patients were admitted to the Intensive Care Unit. Most children (81%) were treated with oseltamivir: one developed rash during treatment; no other adverse events were noticed. All children survived without sequelae. In conclusions, 2009 H1N1 influenza virus infection in children is associated with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. Neurological disorders are not exceptional complications. Oseltamivir therapy seems safe also in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelina Calitri
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Turin, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy.
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Oliveira NAS, Iguti AM. O vírus Influenza H1N1 e os trabalhadores da suinocultura: uma revisão. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE SAÚDE OCUPACIONAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s0303-76572010000200017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerando-se o grande impacto midiático e populacional da recente epidemia pelo vírus Influenza H1N1, em função do seu risco potencial de alta letalidade, decidimos realizar esta revisão, de forma a melhor compreender as relações entre a exposição aos suínos e a possível contaminação laboral. A influenza, também conhecida como gripe, é uma doença viral adquirida através do contato humano com animais domesticados. Os suínos são importantes hospedeiros do vírus Influenza H1N1 (swine-like Influenza A) e susceptíveis às infecções por vírus Influenza de origem aviária e humana. Os suínos possuem importante papel na transmissão viral entre espécies e na epidemiologia da influenza humana. A epidemia por Influenza A H1N1/2009 representou um grande desafio para as autoridades públicas e setores privados da saúde, no que se refere às medidas de planejamento e execução de ações de prevenção e tratamento. Estima-se que 89 milhões de pessoas tenham sido contaminadas por este vírus, com até 403 mil casos de hospitalização e 18.300 óbitos até abril de 2010. Embora estejamos em período pós-pandemia, acredita-se que o vírus H1N1 tenha atualmente um comportamento semelhante ao vírus de gripe sazonal, causando focos infecciosos localizados e com níveis ainda significativos de transmissão. Destaca-se a preocupação com a saúde dos trabalhadores diretamente ligados à suinocultura, já que essa atividade produtiva apresenta uma situação de risco aos trabalhadores envolvidos e também à comunidade.
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Roesel M, Heinz C, Heiligenhaus A. H1N1 and uveal effusion syndrome. Ophthalmology 2010; 117:1467-1467.e1. [PMID: 20610007 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2010] [Accepted: 03/03/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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21
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Quantitatively evaluating interventions in the influenza A (H1N1) epidemic on China campus grounded on individual-based simulations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procs.2010.04.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Neghina AM, Marincu I, Neghina R. Occurrence of influenza A(H1N1)v virus in Western Romania in relationship to international travel. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2010; 10:935-8. [PMID: 20370428 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2009.0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the first cases of infection with the novel influenza A (H1N1) variant virus [A(H1N1)v] admitted to a reference hospital in Western Romanian from mid-June to mid-July 2009 are overviewed. Of 74 suspected cases, 7 were laboratory confirmed. All patients were either Romanian citizens, or people originating from Romania and established overseas. The median age was 13 years and the mean length of hospital stay was 7.7 days. Cough (n = 6) and fever (n = 4) were the most commonly reported symptoms, and all cases made complete recovery. Early diagnosis and management of H1N1 flu was not problematic for the infectious disease specialists. Because many Romanians established overseas come yearly to visit their relatives, special attention must be addressed to the international flight passengers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana M Neghina
- Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
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Fernandez C, Cataletto M, Lee P, Feuerman M, Krilov L. Rapid influenza A testing for novel H1N1: point-of-care performance. Postgrad Med 2010; 122:28-33. [PMID: 20107286 DOI: 10.3810/pgm.2010.01.2096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The 2009 outbreak of novel influenza A H1N1 reached a pandemic status on June 11, 2009. Early detection is a key factor for management and infection-control practices. Recent studies have suggested a difference in performance of rapid influenza kits for influenza A H1N1. Our goal was to evaluate the performance of the QuickVue influenza A+B test (Quidel Corp., San Diego, CA) in an emergency department setting and determine the most current epidemiologic trends in our community. METHODS Results from 1137 samples for influenza A collected between April 8, 2009 and June 30, 2009 were retrospectively reviewed. Results of QuickVue influenza A+B test were compared with R-Mix viral culture and DFA results. Age distribution and hospitalization rates by age group were analyzed to further delineate the epidemiology of influenza A in a suburban hospital. RESULTS The sensitivity of the rapid test was 77%, the specificity was 85%, the positive predictive value was 74%, and the negative predictive value was 87%. We found a similar age distribution for positive influenza tests and admissions when compared with the national Centers for Disease Control and Prevention data. CONCLUSIONS The QuickVue influenza A+B test is a sensitive assay for the novel H1N1 strain of influenza. In our hospital, the group with highest risk of hospital admission was patients aged < 25 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Fernandez
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Children's Medical Center at Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY 11501, USA.
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