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Rusinova A, Volodina M, Ossadtchi A. Short-term meditation training alters brain activity and sympathetic responses at rest, but not during meditation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11138. [PMID: 38750127 PMCID: PMC11096169 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60932-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Although more people are engaging in meditation practices that require specialized training, few studies address the issues associated with nervous activity pattern changes brought about by such training. For beginners, it remains unclear how much practice is needed before objective physiological changes can be detected, whether or not they are similar across the novices and what are the optimal strategies to track these changes. To clarify these questions we recruited individuals with no prior meditation experience. The experimental group underwent an eight-week Taoist meditation course administered by a professional, while the control group listened to audiobooks. Both groups participated in audio-guided, 34-min long meditation sessions before and after the 8-week long intervention. Their EEG, photoplethysmogram, respiration, and skin conductance were recorded during the mediation and resting state periods. Compared to the control group, the experimental group exhibited band-specific topically organized changes of the resting state brain activity and heart rate variability associated with sympathetic system activation. Importantly, no significant changes were found during the meditation process prior and post the 8-week training in either of the groups. The absence of notable changes in CNS and ANS activity indicators during meditation sessions, for both the experimental and control groups, casts doubt on the effectiveness of wearable biofeedback devices in meditation practice. This finding redirects focus to the importance of monitoring resting state activity to evaluate progress in beginner meditators. Also, 16 h of training is not enough for forming individual objectively different strategies manifested during the meditation sessions. Our results contributed to the development of tools to objectively monitor the progress in novice meditators and the choice of the relevant monitoring strategies. According to our findings, in order to track early changes brought about by the meditation practice it is preferable to monitor brain activity outside the actual meditation sessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rusinova
- Center for Bioelectric Interfaces, HSE University, Moscow, Russia, 101000
| | - Maria Volodina
- Center for Bioelectric Interfaces, HSE University, Moscow, Russia, 101000.
- Laboratory of Medical Neurointerfaces and Artificial Intellect, Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia, 117513.
| | - Alexei Ossadtchi
- Center for Bioelectric Interfaces, HSE University, Moscow, Russia, 101000
- Artificial Intelligence Research Institute, AIRI, Moscow, Russia
- LLC "Life Improvement by Future Technologies Center", Moscow, Russia
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2
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Ponomareva NV, Klyushnikov SA, Abramycheva N, Konovalov RN, Krotenkova M, Kolesnikova E, Malina D, Urazgildeeva G, Kanavets E, Mitrofanov A, Fokin V, Rogaev E, Illarioshkin SN. Neurophysiological hallmarks of Huntington's disease progression: an EEG and fMRI connectivity study. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1270226. [PMID: 38161585 PMCID: PMC10755012 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1270226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can provide corroborative data on neurophysiological alterations in Huntington's disease (HD). However, the alterations in EEG and fMRI resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC), as well as their interrelations, at different stages of HD remain insufficiently investigated. This study aimed to identify neurophysiological alterations in individuals with preclinical HD (preHD) and early manifest HD (EMHD) by analyzing EEG and fMRI rsFC and examining their interrelationships. We found significant differences in EEG power between preHD individuals and healthy controls (HC), with a decrease in power in a specific frequency range at the theta-alpha border and slow alpha activity. In EMHD patients, in addition to the decrease in power in the 7-9 Hz range, a reduction in power within the classic alpha band compared to HC was observed. The fMRI analysis revealed disrupted functional connectivity in various brain networks, particularly within frontal lobe, putamen-cortical, and cortico-cerebellar networks, in individuals with the HD mutation compared to HC. The analysis of the relationship between EEG and fMRI rsFC revealed an association between decreased alpha power, observed in individuals with EMHD, and increased connectivity in large-scale brain networks. These networks include putamen-cortical, DMN-related and cortico-hippocampal circuits. Overall, the findings suggest that EEG and fMRI provide valuable information for monitoring pathological processes during the development of HD. A decrease in inhibitory control within the putamen-cortical, DMN-related and cortico-hippocampal circuits, accompanied by a reduction in alpha and theta-alpha border oscillatory activity, could potentially contribute to cognitive decline in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya V. Ponomareva
- Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia
- Center for Genetics and Life Science, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Evgeny Rogaev
- Center for Genetics and Life Science, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia
- Department of Psychiatry, Umass Chan Medical School, Shrewsbury, MA, United States
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3
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Li W, Zhang Z, Li Z, Gui Z, Shang Y. Correlation and asynchronization of electroencephalogram and cerebral blood flow in active and passive stimulations. J Neural Eng 2023; 20:066007. [PMID: 37931297 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ad0a02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective.Real-time brain monitoring is of importance for intraoperative surgeries and intensive care unit, in order to take timely clinical interventions. Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a conventional technique for recording neural excitations (e.g. brain waves) in the cerebral cortex, and near infrared diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) is an emerging technique that can directly measure the cerebral blood flow (CBF) in microvasculature system. Currently, the relationship between the neural activities and cerebral hemodynamics that reflects the vasoconstriction features of cerebral vessels, especially under both active and passive situation, has not been elucidated thus far, which triggers the motivation of this study.Approach.We used the verbal fluency test as an active cognitive stimulus to the brain, and we manipulated blood pressure changes as a passive challenge to the brain. Under both protocols, the CBF and EEG responses were longitudinally monitored throughout the cerebral stimulus. Power spectrum approaches were applied the EEG signals and compared with CBF responses.Main results.The results show that the EEG response was significantly faster and larger in amplitude during the active cognitive task, when compared to the CBF, but with larger individual variability. By contrast, CBF is more sensitive when response to the passive task, and with better signal stability. We also found that there was a correlation (p< 0.01,r= 0.866,R2= 0.751) between CBF and EEG in initial response during the active task, but no significant correlation (p> 0.05) was found during the passive task. The similar relations were also found between regional brain waves and blood flow.Significance.The asynchronization and correlation between the two measurements indicates the necessity of monitoring both variables for comprehensive understanding of cerebral physiology. Deep exploration of their relationships provides promising implications for DCS/EEG integration in the diagnosis of various neurovascular and psychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Dynamic Measurement Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihao Zhang
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyi Li
- Electronic Information College, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xian, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiguo Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Dynamic Measurement Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Dynamic Measurement Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
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4
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Cooke JI, Guven O, Abarca PC, Ibitoye RT, Pettorossi VE, Bronstein AM. Electroencephalographic response to transient adaptation of vestibular perception. J Physiol 2022; 600:3517-3535. [PMID: 35713975 PMCID: PMC9544486 DOI: 10.1113/jp282470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract When given a series of sinusoidal oscillations in which the two hemicycles have equal amplitude but asymmetric velocity, healthy subjects lose perception of the slower hemicycle (SHC), reporting a drift towards the faster hemicycle (FHC). This response is not reflected in the vestibular–ocular reflex, suggesting that the adaptation is of higher order. This study aimed to define EEG correlates of this adaptive response. Twenty‐five subjects underwent a series of symmetric or asymmetric oscillations and reported their perceived head orientation at the end using landmarks in the testing room; this was converted into total position error (TPE). Thirty‐two channel EEG was recorded before, during and after adaptation. Spectral power and coherence were calculated for the alpha, beta, delta and theta frequency bands. Linear mixed models were used to determine a region‐by‐condition effect of the adaptation. TPE was significantly greater in the asymmetric condition and reported error was always in the direction of the FHC. Regardless of condition, alpha desynchronised in response to stimulation, then rebounded back toward baseline values. This pattern was accelerated and attenuated in the prefrontal and occipital regions, respectively, in the asymmetric condition. Functional connectivity networks were identified in the beta and delta frequency bands; these networks, primarily comprising frontoparietal connections, were more coherent during asymmetric stimulation. These findings suggest that the temporary vestibulo‐perceptual ‘neglect’ induced by asymmetric vestibular stimulation may be mediated by alpha rhythms and frontoparietal attentional networks. The results presented further our understanding of brain rhythms and cortical networks involved in vestibular perception and adaptation.
![]() Key points Whole‐body asymmetric sinusoidal oscillations, which consist of hemicycles with equal amplitude but differing velocities, can induce transient ‘neglect’ of the slower hemicycle in the vestibular perception of healthy subjects. In this study, we aimed to elucidate EEG correlates of this ‘neglect’, thereby identifying a cortical role in vestibular perception and adaptation. We identified a desynchronisation–resynchronisation response in the alpha frequency band (8–14 Hz) that was accelerated in the prefrontal region and attenuated in the occipital region when exposed to asymmetric, as compared to symmetric, rotations. We additionally identified functional connectivity networks in the beta (14–30 Hz) and delta (1–4 Hz) frequency bands consisting primarily of frontoparietal connections. These results suggest a prominent role of alpha rhythms and frontoparietal attentional networks in vestibular perception and adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine I Cooke
- Neuro-otology Unit, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK
| | - Onur Guven
- Neuro-otology Unit, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK
| | - Patricia Castro Abarca
- Neuro-otology Unit, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK.,Escuela de Fonoaudiología, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Richard T Ibitoye
- Neuro-otology Unit, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK
| | - Vito E Pettorossi
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Sezione di Fisiologia Umana e Biochemica, Università Degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Adolfo M Bronstein
- Neuro-otology Unit, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK
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Dell'Acqua C, Dal Bò E, Moretta T, Palomba D, Messerotti Benvenuti S. EEG time-frequency analysis reveals blunted tendency to approach and increased processing of unpleasant stimuli in dysphoria. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8161. [PMID: 35581359 PMCID: PMC9113991 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12263-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, affective and cognitive processing of emotional information in individuals with depressive symptoms have been examined through peripheral psychophysiological measures, event-related potentials, and time–frequency analysis of oscillatory activity. However, electrocortical correlates of emotional and cognitive processing of affective content in depression have not been fully understood. Time–frequency analysis of electroencephalographic activity allows disentangling the brain's parallel processing of information. The present study employed a time–frequency approach to simultaneously examine affective disposition and cognitive processing during the viewing of emotional stimuli in dysphoria. Time–frequency event-related changes were examined during the viewing of pleasant, neutral and unpleasant pictures in 24 individuals with dysphoria and 24 controls. Affective disposition was indexed by delta and alpha power, while theta power was employed as a correlate of cognitive elaboration of the stimuli. Cluster-based statistics revealed a centro-parietal reduction in delta power for pleasant stimuli in individuals with dysphoria relative to controls. Also, dysphoria was characterized by an early fronto-central increase in theta power for unpleasant stimuli relative to neutral and pleasant ones. Comparatively, controls were characterized by a late fronto-central and occipital reduction in theta power for unpleasant stimuli relative to neutral and pleasant. The present study granted novel insights on the interrelated facets of affective elaboration in dysphoria, mainly characterized by a hypoactivation of the approach-related motivational system and a sustained facilitated cognitive processing of unpleasant stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Dell'Acqua
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia 8, 35131, Padua, Italy. .,Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua, Via Orus 2/B, 35131, Padua, Italy.
| | - Elisa Dal Bò
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia 8, 35131, Padua, Italy.,Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua, Via Orus 2/B, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Tania Moretta
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia 8, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Daniela Palomba
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia 8, 35131, Padua, Italy.,Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua, Via Orus 2/B, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Simone Messerotti Benvenuti
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia 8, 35131, Padua, Italy.,Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua, Via Orus 2/B, 35131, Padua, Italy
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6
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Preferred music listening is associated with perceptual learning enhancement at the expense of self-focused attention. Psychon Bull Rev 2022; 29:2108-2121. [PMID: 35668293 PMCID: PMC9722857 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-022-02127-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Can preferred music listening improve following attentional and learning performances? Here we suggest that this may be the case. In Experiment 1, following preferred and non-preferred musical-piece listening, we recorded electrophysiological responses to an auditory roving-paradigm. We computed the mismatch negativity (MMN - the difference between responses to novel and repeated stimulation), as an index of perceptual learning, and we measured the correlation between trial-by-trial EEG responses and the fluctuations in Bayesian Surprise, as a quantification of the neural attunement with stimulus informational value. Furthermore, during music listening, we recorded oscillatory cortical activity. MMN and trial-by-trial correlation with Bayesian surprise were significantly larger after subjectively preferred versus non-preferred music, indicating the enhancement of perceptual learning. The analysis on oscillatory activity during music listening showed a selective alpha power increased in response to preferred music, an effect often related to cognitive enhancements. In Experiment 2, we explored whether this learning improvement was realized at the expense of self-focused attention. Therefore, after preferred versus non-preferred music listening, we collected Heart-Beat Detection (HBD) accuracy, as a measure of the attentional focus toward the self. HBD was significantly lowered following preferred music listening. Overall, our results suggest the presence of a specific neural mechanism that, in response to aesthetically pleasing stimuli, and through the modulation of alpha oscillatory activity, redirects neural resources away from the self and toward the environment. This attentional up-weighting of external stimuli might be fruitfully exploited in a wide area of human learning activities, including education, neurorehabilitation and therapy.
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7
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Ibitoye RT, Castro P, Desowska A, Cooke J, Edwards AE, Guven O, Arshad Q, Murdin L, Kaski D, Bronstein AM. Small vessel disease disrupts EEG postural brain networks in 'unexplained dizziness in the elderly'. Clin Neurophysiol 2021; 132:2751-2762. [PMID: 34583117 PMCID: PMC8559782 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2021.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Unexplained dizziness in the elderly may result from
cerebral small vessel disease. Dizzy elderly patients differed from controls in EEG
power when standing. EEG power when standing correlated with subjective
(perceived) instability.
Objective To examine the hypothesis that small vessel disease
disrupts postural networks in older adults with unexplained dizziness in the
elderly (UDE). Methods Simultaneous electroencephalography and postural sway
measurements were undertaken in upright, eyes closed standing, and sitting
postures (as baseline) in 19 younger adults, 33 older controls and 36 older
patients with UDE. Older adults underwent magnetic resonance imaging to
determine whole brain white matter hyperintensity volumes, a measure of small
vessel disease. Linear regression was used to estimate the effect of instability
on electroencephalographic power and connectivity. Results Ageing increased theta and alpha desynchronisation on
standing. In older controls, delta and gamma power increased, and theta and
alpha power reduced with instability. Dizzy older patients had higher white
matter hyperintensity volumes and more theta desynchronisation during periods of
instability. White matter hyperintensity volume and delta power during periods
of instability were correlated, positively in controls but negatively in dizzy
older patients. Delta power correlated with subjective dizziness and
instability. Conclusions Neural resource demands of postural control increase
with age, particularly in patients with UDE, driven by small vessel
disease. Significance EEG correlates of postural control saturate in older
adults with UDE, offering a neuro-physiological basis to this common
syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- R T Ibitoye
- Neuro-otology Unit, Imperial College London, London, UK; The Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory (C3NL), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - P Castro
- Neuro-otology Unit, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - A Desowska
- The Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory (C3NL), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - J Cooke
- Neuro-otology Unit, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - A E Edwards
- Neuro-otology Unit, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - O Guven
- Neuro-otology Unit, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Q Arshad
- Neuro-otology Unit, Imperial College London, London, UK; inAmind Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - L Murdin
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - D Kaski
- Neuro-otology Unit, Imperial College London, London, UK; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - A M Bronstein
- Neuro-otology Unit, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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8
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Arıkan K, Öksüz Ö, Metin B, Günver G, Laçin Çetin H, Esmeray T, Tarhan N. Quantitative EEG Findings in Patients With Psychogenic Nonepileptic Seizures. Clin EEG Neurosci 2021; 52:175-180. [PMID: 32362136 DOI: 10.1177/1550059420918756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Objective. Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES), is one of the clinical manifestations of conversion disorder that epileptiform discharges do not accompany. Factors capable of increasing susceptibility to these seizures have not been adequately investigated yet. This study aims to investigate the quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) findings for PNES by evaluating the resting EEG spectral power changes during the periods between seizures. Methods. Thirty-nine patients (29 females, 10 males) diagnosed with PNES (group 1) and 47 patients (23 females, 24 males) without any psychiatric diagnosis (group 2) were included in the study. The patients underwent a psychiatric examination at their first visit, were diagnosed and their EEGs were recorded. Using fast Fourier transformation (FFT), spectral power analysis was calculated for delta (0.5-4 Hz), theta (4-8 Hz), alpha (8-13 Hz), beta (15-30 Hz), high-beta (25-30 Hz), gamma-1 (31-40 Hz), gamma-2 (41-50 Hz), and gamma (30-80 Hz) frequency bands. Results. Six separate EEG band power, namely (C3-high beta, C3-gamma, C3-gamma-1, C3-gamma-2, P3-gamma, P3 gamma-1), were found to be higher in the patients diagnosed with PNES than in the control group. Conclusion. Our findings show that PNES correlate with high-frequency oscillations on central motor and somatosensory cortices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemal Arıkan
- Department of Psychology, 232990Uskudar University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Kemal Arıkan Psychiatry Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Barış Metin
- Department of Psychology, 232990Uskudar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Güven Günver
- Department of Biostatistics, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Taha Esmeray
- Kemal Arıkan Psychiatry Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nevzat Tarhan
- Department of Psychology, 232990Uskudar University, Istanbul, Turkey
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9
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Koberda JL. QEEG as a Useful Tool for the Evaluation of Early Cognitive Changes in Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury. Clin EEG Neurosci 2021; 52:119-125. [PMID: 32391721 DOI: 10.1177/1550059420914816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG)-electrical neuroimaging has been underutilized in general neurology practice. Recent advances in computer technology have made this electrophysiological testing relatively inexpensive as well as precise in identifying brain areas with electrical dysfunction related to either traumatic injury or neurodegenerative process. In this article, the author presents 2 cases that can be frequently encountered in every general neurological practice: case of early dementia and traumatic brain injury. The clinical usefulness of QEEG is demonstrated by showing evidence of electrical abnormalities and networks dysfunctions (including an elevation of frontal/temporal delta and theta powers as well as abnormalities in functional connectivity). In addition, the correlation of QEEG and findings from structural imaging technique-magnetic resonance imaging diffusion tensor imaging and another functional imaging-positron emission tomography is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lucas Koberda
- Neurology, PL/Brain Enhancement Inc, TNBC, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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10
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Delussi M, Nazzaro V, Ricci K, de Tommaso M. EEG Functional Connectivity and Cognitive Variables in Premanifest and Manifest Huntington's Disease: EEG Low-Resolution Brain Electromagnetic Tomography (LORETA) Study. Front Physiol 2021; 11:612325. [PMID: 33391027 PMCID: PMC7773667 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.612325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Scientific literature does not offer sufficient data on electroencephalography (EEG) functional connectivity and its correlations with clinical and cognitive features in premanifest and manifest HD. Aim This study tries to identify abnormal EEG patterns of functional connectivity, in conditions of “brain resting state” and correlations with motor decline and cognitive variable in Huntington’s disease (HD), in premanifest and manifest phase, looking for a reliable marker measuring disease progression. Method This was an observational cross-sectional study; 105 subjects with age ≥18 years submitted to HD genetic test. Each subject underwent a neurological, psychiatric, and cognitive assessment, EEG recording and genetic investigation for detecting the expansion of the CAG trait. EEG connectivity analysis was performed by means of exact Low Resolution Electric Tomography (eLORETA) in 18 premanifest HD (pHD), 49 manifest HD (mHD), and 38 control (C) subjects. Results HD patients showed a Power Spectral Density reduced in the alpha range and increased in delta band compared to controls; no difference was detectable between pHD and mHD; the Global Connectivity in pHD revealed no significant differences if compared to mHD. The Current Source Density was similar among groups. No statistically significant results when comparing pHD with C group, even in comparison of mHD with Controls, and pHD with mHD. mHD compared to Controls showed a significant increase in delta, alpha1, alpha2, beta2, and beta3. Lagged Phase Synchronization in delta, alpha1, alpha2, beta2, and beta3 bands was increased in HD compared to controls (t = −3.921, p < 0.05). A significant correlation was found in Regression Analysis: statistically significant results in pHD for the “Symbol Digit Modality Test and lagged phase synchronization” in the Beta1 (r = −0.806, p < 0.05) in the prefrontal regions. The same correlation was found in mHD for the Stroop Word Reading Test (SWRT) in the Alpha2 band (r = −0.759, p < 0.05). Conclusion Increased phase synchronization in main bands characterized EEG in HD patients, as compared to controls. pHD were not dissimilar from mHD as regard to this EEG pattern. Increased phase synchronization correlated to cognitive decline in HD patients, with a similar trend in pHD, suggesting that it would be a potential biomarker of early phenotypical expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Delussi
- Applied Neurophyiology and Pain Unit-AnpLab-SMBNOS Department, Bari Aldo Moro University, Bari, Italy
| | - Virgilio Nazzaro
- Applied Neurophyiology and Pain Unit-AnpLab-SMBNOS Department, Bari Aldo Moro University, Bari, Italy
| | - Katia Ricci
- Applied Neurophyiology and Pain Unit-AnpLab-SMBNOS Department, Bari Aldo Moro University, Bari, Italy
| | - Marina de Tommaso
- Applied Neurophyiology and Pain Unit-AnpLab-SMBNOS Department, Bari Aldo Moro University, Bari, Italy
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11
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Cervantes Constantino F, Garat S, Nicolaisen-Sobesky E, Paz V, Martínez-Montes E, Kessel D, Cabana Á, Gradin VB. Neural processing of iterated prisoner's dilemma outcomes indicates next-round choice and speed to reciprocate cooperation. Soc Neurosci 2020; 16:103-120. [PMID: 33297873 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2020.1859410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The iterated prisoner's dilemma (iPD) game is a well-established model for testing how people cooperate, and the neural processes that unfold after its distinct outcomes have been partly described. Recent theoretical models suggest evolution favors intuitive cooperation, which raises questions on the behavioral but also neural timelines involved. We studied the outcome/feedback stage of iPD rounds with electroencephalography (EEG) methods. Results showed that neural signals associated with this stage also relate to future choice, in an outcome-dependent manner: (i) after zero-gain "sucker's payoffs" (unreciprocated cooperation), a participant's decision thereafter relates to changes to the feedback-related negativity (FRN); (ii) after one-sided non-cooperation (participant wins at co-player's expense), by the P3; (iii) after mutual cooperation, by late frontal delta-band modulations. Critically, faster reciprocation behavior towards a co-player's choice to cooperate was predicted, on a single-trial basis, by players' P3 and frontal delta modulations at the immediately preceding trial. Delta-band signaling is discussed in relation to homeostatic regulation processing in the literature. The findings relate the early outcome/feedback stage to subsequent decisional processes in the iPD, providing a first neural account of the brief timelines implied in heuristic modes of cooperation.
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12
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Resting-state electroencephalographic delta rhythms may reflect global cortical arousal in healthy old seniors and patients with Alzheimer's disease dementia. Int J Psychophysiol 2020; 158:259-270. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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13
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Öksüz Ö, Günver G, Oba MÇ, Arıkan K. Psychiatry to dermatology; panic disorder. J Clin Neurosci 2020; 81:316-320. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2020.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Age related differences in the recognition of facial expression: Evidence from EEG event-related brain oscillations. Int J Psychophysiol 2020; 147:244-256. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2019.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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15
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Jahan A, Nazari MA, Mahmoudi J, Salehpour F, Salimi MM. Transcranial near-infrared photobiomodulation could modulate brain electrophysiological features and attentional performance in healthy young adults. Lasers Med Sci 2019; 34:1193-1200. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-018-02710-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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16
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Pleasure: The missing link in the regulation of sleep. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 88:141-154. [PMID: 29548930 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Although largely unrecognized by sleep scholars, sleeping is a pleasure. This report aims first, to fill the gap: sleep, like food, water and sex, is a primary reinforcer. The levels of extracellular mesolimbic dopamine show circadian oscillations and mark the "wanting" for pro-homeostatic stimuli. Further, the dopamine levels decrease during waking and are replenished during sleep, in opposition to sleep propensity. The wanting of sleep, therefore, may explain the homeostatic and circadian regulation of sleep. Accordingly, sleep onset occurs when the displeasure of excessive waking is maximal, coinciding with the minimal levels of mesolimbic dopamine. Reciprocally, sleep ends after having replenished the limbic dopamine levels. Given the direct relation between waking and mesolimbic dopamine, sleep must serve primarily to gain an efficient waking. Pleasant sleep (i.e. emotional sleep), can only exist in animals capable of feeling emotions. Therefore, although sleep-like states have been described in invertebrates and primitive vertebrates, the association sleep-pleasure clearly marks a difference between the sleep of homeothermic vertebrates and cool blooded animals.
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Kozlowska K, Spooner CJ, Palmer DM, Harris A, Korgaonkar MS, Scher S, Williams LM. "Motoring in idle": The default mode and somatomotor networks are overactive in children and adolescents with functional neurological symptoms. Neuroimage Clin 2018; 18:730-743. [PMID: 29876262 PMCID: PMC5987846 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective Children and adolescents with functional neurological symptom disorder (FND) present with diverse neurological symptoms not explained by a disease process. Functional neurological symptoms have been conceptualized as somatoform dissociation, a disruption of the brain's intrinsic organization and reversion to a more primitive level of function. We used EEG to investigate neural function and functional brain organization in children/adolescents with FND. Method EEG was recorded in the resting eyes-open condition in 57 patients (aged 8.5-18 years) and 57 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Using a topographical map, EEG power data were quantified for regions of interest that define the default mode network (DMN), salience network, and somatomotor network. Source localization was examined using low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (LORETA). The contributions of chronic pain and arousal as moderators of differences in EEG power were also examined. Results Children/adolescents with FND had excessive theta and delta power in electrode clusters corresponding to the DMN-both anteriorly (dorsomedial prefrontal cortex [dmFPC]) and posteriorly (posterior cingulate cortex [PCC], precuneus, and lateral parietal cortex)-and in the premotor/supplementary motor area (SMA) region. There was a trend toward increased theta and delta power in the salience network. LORETA showed activation across all three networks in all power bands and localized neural sources to the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex/dmPFC, mid cingulate cortex, PCC/precuneus, and SMA. Pain and arousal contributed to slow wave power increases in all three networks. Conclusions These findings suggest that children and adolescents with FND are characterized by overactivation of intrinsic resting brain networks involved in threat detection, energy regulation, and preparation for action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasia Kozlowska
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Psychological Medicine, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; The Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, 176 Hawkesbury Rd, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | | | - Donna M Palmer
- The Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, 176 Hawkesbury Rd, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Anthony Harris
- The Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, 176 Hawkesbury Rd, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Westmead Hospital Psychiatry Department, Darcy Rd, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia.
| | - Mayuresh S Korgaonkar
- The Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, 176 Hawkesbury Rd, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Stephen Scher
- The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA.
| | - Leanne M Williams
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, VA Palo Alto (Sierra-Pacific MIRECC) 401 Quarry Rd, United States.
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18
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Babiloni C, Noce G, Pennica A, Onorati P, Capotosto P, Del Percio C, Roma P, Correr V, Piccinni E, Toma G, Soricelli A, Di Campli F, Gianserra L, Ciullini L, Aceti A, Teti E, Sarmati L, Crocetti G, Ferri R, Catania V, Pascarelli MT, Andreoni M, Ferracuti S. Cortical sources of resting state electroencephalographic rhythms probe brain function in naïve HIV individuals. Clin Neurophysiol 2017; 129:431-441. [PMID: 29304418 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Here we evaluated the hypothesis that resting state electroencephalographic (EEG) cortical sources correlated with cognitive functions and discriminated asymptomatic treatment-naïve HIV subjects (no AIDS). METHODS EEG, clinical, and neuropsychological data were collected in 103 treatment-naïve HIV subjects (88 males; mean age 39.8 years ± 1.1 standard error of the mean, SE). An age-matched group of 70 cognitively normal and HIV-negative (Healthy; 56 males; 39.0 years ± 2.0 SE) subjects, selected from a local university archive, was used for control purposes. LORETA freeware was used for EEG source estimation in fronto-central, temporal, and parieto-occipital regions of interest. RESULTS Widespread sources of delta (<4 Hz) and alpha (8-12 Hz) rhythms were abnormal in the treatment-naïve HIV group. Fronto-central delta source activity showed a slight but significant (p < 0.05, corrected) negative correlation with verbal and semantic test scores. So did parieto-occipital delta/alpha source ratio with memory and composite cognitive scores. These sources allowed a moderate classification accuracy between HIV and control individuals (area under the ROC curves of 70-75%). CONCLUSIONS Regional EEG abnormalities in quiet wakefulness characterized treatment-naïve HIV subjects at the individual level. SIGNIFICANCE This EEG approach may contribute to the management of treatment-naïve HIV subjects at risk of cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Babiloni
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy; Institute for Research and Medical Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Noce
- Department of Integrated Imaging, IRCCS SDN, Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo Pennica
- Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Onorati
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy; Institute for Research and Medical Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Capotosto
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, and ITAB-Institute of Advanced Biomedical Technologies "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti and Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Roma
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Correr
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Piccinni
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Ginevra Toma
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Soricelli
- Department of Integrated Imaging, IRCCS SDN, Naples, Italy; Department of Motor Sciences and Healthiness, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Campli
- Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Gianserra
- Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Ciullini
- Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Aceti
- Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Teti
- Clinical Infectious Diseases, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Loredana Sarmati
- Clinical Infectious Diseases, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Gloria Crocetti
- Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele Ferri
- Department of Neurology, IRCCS Oasi Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging, Troina, Enna, Italy
| | - Valentina Catania
- Department of Neurology, IRCCS Oasi Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging, Troina, Enna, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Pascarelli
- Department of Neurology, IRCCS Oasi Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging, Troina, Enna, Italy
| | - Massimo Andreoni
- Clinical Infectious Diseases, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Ferracuti
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
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Mellem MS, Wohltjen S, Gotts SJ, Ghuman AS, Martin A. Intrinsic frequency biases and profiles across human cortex. J Neurophysiol 2017; 118:2853-2864. [PMID: 28835521 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00061.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent findings in monkeys suggest that intrinsic periodic spiking activity in selective cortical areas occurs at timescales that follow a sensory or lower order-to-higher order processing hierarchy (Murray JD, Bernacchia A, Freedman DJ, Romo R, Wallis JD, Cai X, Padoa-Schioppa C, Pasternak T, Seo H, Lee D, Wang XJ. Nat Neurosci 17: 1661-1663, 2014). It has not yet been fully explored if a similar timescale hierarchy is present in humans. Additionally, these measures in the monkey studies have not addressed findings that rhythmic activity within a brain area can occur at multiple frequencies. In this study we investigate in humans if regions may be biased toward particular frequencies of intrinsic activity and if a full cortical mapping still reveals an organization that follows this hierarchy. We examined the spectral power in multiple frequency bands (0.5-150 Hz) from task-independent data using magnetoencephalography (MEG). We compared standardized power across bands to find regional frequency biases. Our results demonstrate a mix of lower and higher frequency biases across sensory and higher order regions. Thus they suggest a more complex cortical organization that does not simply follow this hierarchy. Additionally, some regions do not display a bias for a single band, and a data-driven clustering analysis reveals a regional organization with high standardized power in multiple bands. Specifically, theta and beta are both high in dorsal frontal cortex, whereas delta and gamma are high in ventral frontal cortex and temporal cortex. Occipital and parietal regions are biased more narrowly toward alpha power, and ventral temporal lobe displays specific biases toward gamma. Thus intrinsic rhythmic neural activity displays a regional organization but one that is not necessarily hierarchical.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The organization of rhythmic neural activity is not well understood. Whereas it has been postulated that rhythms are organized in a hierarchical manner across brain regions, our novel analysis allows comparison of full cortical maps across different frequency bands, which demonstrate that the rhythmic organization is more complex. Additionally, data-driven methods show that rhythms of multiple frequencies or timescales occur within a particular region and that this nonhierarchical organization is widespread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika S Mellem
- Section on Cognitive Neuropsychology, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and
| | - Sophie Wohltjen
- Section on Cognitive Neuropsychology, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and
| | - Stephen J Gotts
- Section on Cognitive Neuropsychology, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and
| | - Avniel Singh Ghuman
- Section on Cognitive Neuropsychology, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Alex Martin
- Section on Cognitive Neuropsychology, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and
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20
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Blaeser AS, Connors BW, Nurmikko AV. Spontaneous dynamics of neural networks in deep layers of prefrontal cortex. J Neurophysiol 2017; 117:1581-1594. [PMID: 28123005 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00295.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cortical systems maintain and process information through the sustained activation of recurrent local networks of neurons. Layer 5 is known to have a major role in generating the recurrent activation associated with these functions, but relatively little is known about its intrinsic dynamics at the mesoscopic level of large numbers of neighboring neurons. Using calcium imaging, we measured the spontaneous activity of networks of deep-layer medial prefrontal cortical neurons in an acute slice model. Inferring the simultaneous activity of tens of neighboring neurons, we found that while the majority showed only sporadic activity, a subset of neurons engaged in sustained delta frequency rhythmic activity. Spontaneous activity under baseline conditions was weakly correlated between pairs of neurons, and rhythmic neurons showed little coherence in their oscillations. However, we consistently observed brief bouts of highly synchronous activity that must be attributed to network activity. NMDA-mediated stimulation enhanced rhythmicity, synchrony, and correlation within these local networks. These results characterize spontaneous prefrontal activity at a previously unexplored spatiotemporal scale and suggest that medial prefrontal cortex can act as an intrinsic generator of delta oscillations.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Using calcium imaging and a novel analytic framework, we characterized the spontaneous and NMDA-evoked activity of layer 5 prefrontal cortex at a largely unexplored spatiotemporal scale. Our results suggest that the mPFC microcircuitry is capable of intrinsically generating delta oscillations and sustaining synchronized network activity that is potentially relevant for understanding its contribution to cognitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Blaeser
- Department of Physics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island;
| | - Barry W Connors
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; and
| | - Arto V Nurmikko
- Department of Physics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.,Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; and.,School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
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21
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Babiloni C, Del Percio C, Caroli A, Salvatore E, Nicolai E, Marzano N, Lizio R, Cavedo E, Landau S, Chen K, Jagust W, Reiman E, Tedeschi G, Montella P, De Stefano M, Gesualdo L, Frisoni GB, Soricelli A. Cortical sources of resting state EEG rhythms are related to brain hypometabolism in subjects with Alzheimer's disease: an EEG-PET study. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 48:122-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Babiloni C, Pennica A, Capotosto P, Onorati P, Muratori C, Ferracuti S, Roma P, Correr V, Piccinni E, Noce G, Del Percio C, Cordone S, Limatola C, Soricelli A, Di Campli F, Gianserra L, Ciullini L, Aceti A, Viscione M, Teti E, Sarmati L, Andreoni M. Brain and cognitive functions in two groups of naïve HIV patients selected for a different plan of antiretroviral therapy: A qEEG study. Clin Neurophysiol 2016; 127:3455-3469. [PMID: 27716535 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cortical sources of electroencephalographic (EEG) rhythms were investigated in two sub-populations of naïve HIV subjects, grouped based on clinical criteria to receive different combination anti-retroviral therapies (cARTs). These EEG sources were hypothesized to reflect beneficial effects of both regimes. METHODS Eyes-closed resting state EEG data were collected in 19 (Group A) and 39 (Group B) naïve HIV subjects at baseline (i.e. pre-treatment; T0) and after 5months of cART (T5). Compared with the Group A, the Group B was characterized by slightly worse serological parameters and higher cardiovascular risk. At T0, mean viral load (VL) and CD4 count were 87,694copies/ml and 435cells/μl in the Group A and 187,370copies/ml and 331cells/μl in the Group B. The EEG data were also collected in 50 matched control HIV-negative subjects. Cortical EEG sources were assessed by LORETA software. RESULTS Compared to the Control Group, the HIV Groups showed lower alpha (8-12Hz) source activity at T0 while the Group B also exhibited higher delta source activity. The treatment partially normalized alpha and delta source activity in the Group A and B, respectively, in association with improved VL, CD4, and cognitive functions. CONCLUSIONS Different cART regimens induced diverse beneficial effects in delta or alpha source activity in the two naïve HIV Groups. SIGNIFICANCE These sources might unveil different neurophysiological effects of diverse cART on brain function in naïve HIV Groups as a function of clinical status and/or therapeutic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Babiloni
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy; IRCCS S. Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy.
| | - Alfredo Pennica
- Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Onorati
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy; IRCCS S. Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Ferracuti
- Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Roma
- Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Correr
- Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Piccinni
- Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Susanna Cordone
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Limatola
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Soricelli
- IRCCS SDN, Naples, Italy; Department of Motor Sciences and Healthiness, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Campli
- Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Gianserra
- Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Ciullini
- Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Aceti
- Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Magdalena Viscione
- Clinical Infectious Diseases, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Teti
- Clinical Infectious Diseases, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Loredana Sarmati
- Clinical Infectious Diseases, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Andreoni
- Clinical Infectious Diseases, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
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23
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Babiloni C, Pennica A, Del Percio C, Noce G, Cordone S, Lopez S, Berry K, Muratori C, Ferracuti S, Roma P, Correr V, Di Campli F, Gianserra L, Ciullini L, Aceti A, Soricelli A, Teti E, Viscione M, Limatola C, Onorati P, Capotosto P, Andreoni M. Antiretroviral therapy affects the z-score index of deviant cortical EEG rhythms in naïve HIV individuals. Neuroimage Clin 2016; 12:144-56. [PMID: 27408799 PMCID: PMC4933036 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Here we tested the effect of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) on deviant electroencephalographic (EEG) source activity in treatment-naïve HIV individuals. METHODS Resting state eyes-closed EEG data were recorded before and after 5 months of cART in 48 male HIV subjects, who were naïve at the study start. The EEG data were also recorded in 59 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects as a control group. Frequency bands of interest included delta, theta, alpha1, alpha2 and alpha3, based on alpha frequency peak specific to each individual. They also included beta1 (13-20 Hz) and beta2 (20-30 Hz). Low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) estimated EEG cortical source activity in frontal, central, temporal, parietal, and occipital regions. RESULTS Before the therapy, the HIV group showed greater parietal delta source activity and lower spatially diffuse alpha source activity compared to the control group. Thus, the ratio of parietal delta and alpha3 source activity served as an EEG marker. The z-score showed a statistically deviant EEG marker (EEG +) in 50% of the HIV individuals before therapy (p < 0.05). After 5 months of cART, delta source activity decreased, and alpha3 source activity increased in the HIV subjects with EEG + (about 50% of them showed a normalized EEG marker). CONCLUSIONS This procedure detected a deviant EEG marker before therapy and its post-therapy normalization in naïve HIV single individuals. SIGNIFICANCE The parietal delta/alpha3 EEG marker may be used to monitor cART effects on brain function in such individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Babiloni
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS S. Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Pennica
- Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Susanna Cordone
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Susanna Lopez
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Ketura Berry
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Ferracuti
- Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Roma
- Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Correr
- Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Campli
- Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Gianserra
- Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Ciullini
- Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Aceti
- Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Soricelli
- IRCCS SDN, Naples, Italy
- Department of Motor Sciences and Healthiness, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Teti
- Clinical Infectious Diseases, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Magdalena Viscione
- Clinical Infectious Diseases, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Limatola
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Onorati
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS S. Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Andreoni
- Clinical Infectious Diseases, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
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24
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González-Roldán AM, Cifre I, Sitges C, Montoya P. Altered Dynamic of EEG Oscillations in Fibromyalgia Patients at Rest. PAIN MEDICINE 2016; 17:1058-1068. [PMID: 26921889 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnw023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous fMRI findings have shown that chronic pain patients display an altered activation and functional connectivity of the pain network. The aim of the present study was to analyze EEG dynamics in fibromyalgia patients (n = 20) and pain-free controls (n = 18) at rest. METHODS Spectral power density, source current density, and intra- and inter-hemispheric coherence were analyzed from 64 EEG channels during 5-minutes eyes-closed rest. RESULTS Results indicated that fibromyalgia patients displayed reduced power density of the delta EEG band (2-4 Hz) over right insula, right superior and middle temporal gyri as compared with pain-free controls. Fibromyalgia patients also exhibited greater power density than pain-free controls in two segments of the beta band (16-23 Hz and 23-30 Hz) over right middle frontal lobe and midcingulate gyrus. Pain duration in fibromyalgia patients was negatively correlated with delta power from right insula. Greater centro-parietal intra-hemispheric coherence was observed at the left hemisphere on theta (4-8 Hz), and beta-3 (23-30 Hz) frequency bands in fibromyalgia patients than in pain-free controls. Individual differences in depression, anxiety or negative affect did not account for these findings. CONCLUSIONS Fibromyalgia leads to an altered dynamic of the brain network involved in the processing of pain even at rest. Furthermore ,: our results provide further support for the feasibility of resting-state EEG analyses as a clinical biomarker for the characterization of chronic pain states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M González-Roldán
- *Research Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | - Ignacio Cifre
- Facultat de Psicologia, Ciències de l'educació i de l'Esport, Blanquerna, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolina Sitges
- *Research Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | - Pedro Montoya
- *Research Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
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Brokaw K, Tishler W, Manceor S, Hamilton K, Gaulden A, Parr E, Wamsley EJ. Resting state EEG correlates of memory consolidation. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2016; 130:17-25. [PMID: 26802698 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies demonstrate that post-training sleep benefits human memory. At the same time, emerging data suggest that other resting states may similarly facilitate consolidation. In order to identify the conditions under which non-sleep resting states benefit memory, we conducted an EEG (electroencephalographic) study of verbal memory retention across 15min of eyes-closed rest. Participants (n=26) listened to a short story and then either rested with their eyes closed, or else completed a distractor task for 15min. A delayed recall test was administered immediately following the rest period. We found, first, that quiet rest enhanced memory for the short story. Improved memory was associated with a particular EEG signature of increased slow oscillatory activity (<1Hz), in concert with reduced alpha (8-12Hz) activity. Mindwandering during the retention interval was also associated with improved memory. These observations suggest that a short period of quiet rest can facilitate memory, and that this may occur via an active process of consolidation supported by slow oscillatory EEG activity and characterized by decreased attention to the external environment. Slow oscillatory EEG rhythms are proposed to facilitate memory consolidation during sleep by promoting hippocampal-cortical communication. Our findings suggest that EEG slow oscillations could play a significant role in memory consolidation during other resting states as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Brokaw
- Furman University, Department of Psychology, United States
| | - Ward Tishler
- Furman University, Department of Psychology, United States
| | | | - Kelly Hamilton
- Furman University, Department of Psychology, United States
| | - Andrew Gaulden
- Furman University, Department of Psychology, United States
| | - Elaine Parr
- Furman University, Department of Psychology, United States
| | - Erin J Wamsley
- Furman University, Department of Psychology, United States.
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Dynamics of EEG rhythms support distinct visual selection mechanisms in parietal cortex: a simultaneous transcranial magnetic stimulation and EEG study. J Neurosci 2015; 35:721-30. [PMID: 25589765 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2066-14.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), we have recently shown a functional anatomical distinction in human parietal cortex between regions involved in maintaining attention to a location [ventral intraparietal sulcus (vIPS)] and a region involved in shifting attention between locations [medial superior parietal lobule (mSPL)]. In particular, while rTMS interference over vIPS impaired target discrimination at contralateral attended locations, interference over mSPL affected performance following shifts of attention regardless of the visual field (Capotosto et al., 2013). Here, using rTMS interference in conjunction with EEG recordings of brain rhythms during the presentation of cues that indicate to either shift or maintain spatial attention, we tested whether this functional anatomical segregation involves different mechanisms of rhythm synchronization. The transient inactivation of vIPS reduced the amplitude of the expected parieto-occipital low-α (8-10 Hz) desynchronization contralateral to the cued location. Conversely, the transient inactivation of mSPL, compared with vIPS, reduced the high-α (10-12 Hz) desynchronization induced by shifting attention into both visual fields. Furthermore, rTMS induced a frequency-specific delay of task-related modulation of brain rhythms. Specifically, rTMS over vIPS or mSPL during maintenance (stay cues) or shifting (shift cues) of spatial attention, respectively, caused a delay of α parieto-occipital desynchronization. Moreover, rTMS over vIPS during stay cues caused a delay of δ (2-4 Hz) frontocentral synchronization. These findings further support the anatomo-functional subdivision of the dorsal attention network in subsystems devoted to shifting or maintaining covert visuospatial attention and indicate that these mechanisms operate in different frequency channels linking frontal to parieto-occipital visual regions.
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Tsvetanov KA, Henson RNA, Tyler LK, Davis SW, Shafto MA, Taylor JR, Williams N, Cam-Can, Rowe JB. The effect of ageing on fMRI: Correction for the confounding effects of vascular reactivity evaluated by joint fMRI and MEG in 335 adults. Hum Brain Mapp 2015; 36:2248-69. [PMID: 25727740 PMCID: PMC4730557 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) research one is typically interested in neural activity. However, the blood‐oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) signal is a composite of both neural and vascular activity. As factors such as age or medication may alter vascular function, it is essential to account for changes in neurovascular coupling when investigating neurocognitive functioning with fMRI. The resting‐state fluctuation amplitude (RSFA) in the fMRI signal (rsfMRI) has been proposed as an index of vascular reactivity. The RSFA compares favourably with other techniques such as breath‐hold and hypercapnia, but the latter are more difficult to perform in some populations, such as older adults. The RSFA is therefore a candidate for use in adjusting for age‐related changes in vascular reactivity in fMRI studies. The use of RSFA is predicated on its sensitivity to vascular rather than neural factors; however, the extent to which each of these factors contributes to RSFA remains to be characterized. The present work addressed these issues by comparing RSFA (i.e., rsfMRI variability) to proxy measures of (i) cardiovascular function in terms of heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) and (ii) neural activity in terms of resting state magnetoencephalography (rsMEG). We derived summary scores of RSFA, a sensorimotor task BOLD activation, cardiovascular function and rsMEG variability for 335 healthy older adults in the population‐based Cambridge Centre for Ageing and Neuroscience cohort (Cam‐CAN; http://www.cam-can.com). Mediation analysis revealed that the effects of ageing on RSFA were significantly mediated by vascular factors, but importantly not by the variability in neuronal activity. Furthermore, the converse effects of ageing on the rsMEG variability were not mediated by vascular factors. We then examined the effect of RSFA scaling of task‐based BOLD in the sensorimotor task. The scaling analysis revealed that much of the effects of age on task‐based activation studies with fMRI do not survive correction for changes in vascular reactivity, and are likely to have been overestimated in previous fMRI studies of ageing. The results from the mediation analysis demonstrate that RSFA is modulated by measures of vascular function and is not driven solely by changes in the variance of neural activity. Based on these findings we propose that the RSFA scaling method is articularly useful in large scale and longitudinal neuroimaging studies of ageing, or with frail participants, where alternative measures of vascular reactivity are impractical. Hum Brain Mapp 36:2248–2269, 2015. © 2015 The Authors Human Brain Mapping Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamen A Tsvetanov
- Centre for Speech, Language and the Brain, Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Meerwijk EL, Ford JM, Weiss SJ. Resting-state EEG delta power is associated with psychological pain in adults with a history of depression. Biol Psychol 2015; 105:106-14. [PMID: 25600291 PMCID: PMC4336814 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Psychological pain is a prominent symptom of clinical depression. We asked if frontal alpha asymmetry, frontal EEG power, and frontal fractal dimension asymmetry predicted psychological pain in adults with a history of depression. Resting-state frontal EEG (F3/F4) was recorded while participants (N=35) sat upright with their eyes closed. Frontal delta power predicted psychological pain while controlling for depressive symptoms, with participants who exhibited less power experiencing greater psychological pain. Frontal fractal dimension asymmetry, a nonlinear measure of complexity, also predicted psychological pain, such that greater left than right complexity was associated with greater psychological pain. Frontal alpha asymmetry did not contribute unique variance to any regression model of psychological pain. As resting-state delta power is associated with the brain's default mode network, results suggest that the default mode network was less activated during high psychological pain. Findings are consistent with a state of arousal associated with psychological pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther L Meerwijk
- Department of Community Health Systems, University of California, San Francisco, 2 Koret Way No. N505, San Francisco, CA 94143-0606, USA.
| | - Judith M Ford
- San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sandra J Weiss
- Department of Community Health Systems, University of California, San Francisco, 2 Koret Way No. N505, San Francisco, CA 94143-0606, USA
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DeLaRosa BL, Spence JS, Shakal SKM, Motes MA, Calley CS, Calley VI, Hart J, Kraut MA. Electrophysiological spatiotemporal dynamics during implicit visual threat processing. Brain Cogn 2014; 91:54-61. [PMID: 25222294 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have found evidence for corticolimbic theta band electroencephalographic (EEG) oscillations in the neural processing of visual stimuli perceived as threatening. However, varying temporal and topographical patterns have emerged, possibly due to varying arousal levels of the stimuli. In addition, recent studies suggest neural oscillations in delta, theta, alpha, and beta-band frequencies play a functional role in information processing in the brain. This study implemented a data-driven PCA based analysis investigating the spatiotemporal dynamics of electroencephalographic delta, theta, alpha, and beta-band frequencies during an implicit visual threat processing task. While controlling for the arousal dimension (the intensity of emotional activation), we found several spatial and temporal differences for threatening compared to nonthreatening visual images. We detected an early posterior increase in theta power followed by a later frontal increase in theta power, greatest for the threatening condition. There was also a consistent left lateralized beta desynchronization for the threatening condition. Our results provide support for a dynamic corticolimbic network, with theta and beta band activity indexing processes pivotal in visual threat processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bambi L DeLaRosa
- Center for BrainHealth, The University of Texas at Dallas, 2200 West Mockingbird Lane, Dallas, TX 75235, USA.
| | - Jeffrey S Spence
- Center for BrainHealth, The University of Texas at Dallas, 2200 West Mockingbird Lane, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Scott K M Shakal
- Center for BrainHealth, The University of Texas at Dallas, 2200 West Mockingbird Lane, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Michael A Motes
- Center for BrainHealth, The University of Texas at Dallas, 2200 West Mockingbird Lane, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Clifford S Calley
- Center for BrainHealth, The University of Texas at Dallas, 2200 West Mockingbird Lane, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Virginia I Calley
- Center for BrainHealth, The University of Texas at Dallas, 2200 West Mockingbird Lane, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - John Hart
- Center for BrainHealth, The University of Texas at Dallas, 2200 West Mockingbird Lane, Dallas, TX 75235, USA; Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Michael A Kraut
- Center for BrainHealth, The University of Texas at Dallas, 2200 West Mockingbird Lane, Dallas, TX 75235, USA; Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 North Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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30
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Harmony T. The functional significance of delta oscillations in cognitive processing. Front Integr Neurosci 2013; 7:83. [PMID: 24367301 PMCID: PMC3851789 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2013.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ample evidence suggests that electroencephalographic (EEG) oscillatory activity is linked to a broad variety of perceptual, sensorimotor, and cognitive operations. However, few studies have investigated the delta band (0.5-3.5 Hz) during different cognitive processes. The aim of this review is to present data and propose the hypothesis that sustained delta oscillations inhibit interferences that may affect the performance of mental tasks, possibly by modulating the activity of those networks that should be inactive to accomplish the task. It is clear that two functionally distinct and potentially competing brain networks can be broadly distinguished by their contrasting roles in attention to the external world vs. the internally directed mentation or concentration. During concentration, EEG delta (1-3.5 Hz) activity increases mainly in frontal leads in different tasks: mental calculation, semantic tasks, and the Sternberg paradigm. This last task is considered a working memory task, but in neural, as well as phenomenological, terms, working memory can be best understood as attention focused on an internal representation. In the Sternberg task, increases in power in the frequencies from 1 to 3.90 Hz in frontal regions are reported. In a Go/No-Go task, power increases at 1 Hz in both conditions were observed during 100-300 ms in central, parietal and temporal regions. However, in the No-Go condition, power increases were also observed in frontal regions, suggesting its participation in the inhibition of the motor response. Increases in delta power were also reported during semantic tasks in children. In conclusion, the results suggest that power increases of delta frequencies during mental tasks are associated with functional cortical deafferentation, or inhibition of the sensory afferences that interfere with internal concentration. These inhibitory oscillations would modulate the activity of those networks that should be inactive to accomplish the task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thalía Harmony
- Departamento de Neurobiología Conductual y Cognitiva, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Querétaro, México
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31
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Zhang W, Lu J, Liu X, Fang H, Li H, Wang D, Shen J. Event-related synchronization of delta and beta oscillations reflects developmental changes in the processing of affective pictures during adolescence. Int J Psychophysiol 2013; 90:334-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2012] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Coherent delta-band oscillations between cortical areas correlate with decision making. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:15085-90. [PMID: 23980180 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1314681110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Coherent oscillations in the theta-to-gamma frequency range have been proposed as a mechanism that coordinates neural activity in large-scale cortical networks in sensory, motor, and cognitive tasks. Whether this mechanism also involves coherent oscillations at delta frequencies (1-4 Hz) is not known. Rather, delta oscillations have been associated with slow-wave sleep. Here, we show coherent oscillations in the delta frequency band between parietal and frontal cortices during the decision-making component of a somatosensory discrimination task. Importantly, the magnitude of this delta-band coherence is modulated by the different decision alternatives. Furthermore, during control conditions not requiring decision making, delta-band coherences are typically much reduced. Our work indicates an important role for synchronous activity in the delta frequency band when large-scale, distant cortical networks coordinate their neural activity during decision making.
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Li CT, Chen LF, Tu PC, Wang SJ, Chen MH, Su TP, Hsieh JC. Impaired prefronto-thalamic functional connectivity as a key feature of treatment-resistant depression: a combined MEG, PET and rTMS study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70089. [PMID: 23936378 PMCID: PMC3732278 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prefrontal left-right functional imbalance and disrupted prefronto-thalamic circuitry are plausible mechanisms for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Add-on repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), effective in treating antidepressant-refractory TRD, was administered to verify the core mechanisms underlying the refractoriness to antidepressants. Thirty TRD patients received a 2-week course of 10-Hz rTMS to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Depression scores were evaluated at baseline (W0), and the ends of weeks 1, 2, and 14 (W14). Responders were defined as those who showed an objective improvement in depression scores ≥50% after rTMS. Left-right frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) was measured by magnetoencephalography at each time point as a proxy for left-right functional imbalance. Prefronto-thalamic connections at W0 and W14 were assessed by studying couplings between prefrontal alpha waves and thalamic glucose metabolism (PWTMC, reflecting intact thalamo-prefrontal connectivity). A group of healthy control subjects received magnetoencephalography at W0 (N = 50) to study whether FAA could have a diagnostic value for TRD, or received both magnetoencephalography and positron-emission-tomography at W0 (N = 10) to confirm the existence of PWTMC in the depression-free state. We found that FAA changes cannot differentiate between TRD and healthy subjects or between responders and non-responders. No PWTMC were found in the TRD group at W0, whereas restitution of the PWTMC was demonstrated only in the sustained responders at W14 and euthymic healthy controls. In conclusion, we affirmed impaired prefronto-thalamic functional connections, but not frontal functional imbalance, as a core deficit in TRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ta Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Fen Chen
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Integrated Brain Research Unit, Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chi Tu
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Jen Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Hong Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Ping Su
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Chuen Hsieh
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Integrated Brain Research Unit, Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center of Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health and Research Institute, ChuNan, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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34
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Hyperacusis-associated pathological resting-state brain oscillations in the tinnitus brain: a hyperresponsiveness network with paradoxically inactive auditory cortex. Brain Struct Funct 2013; 219:1113-28. [PMID: 23609486 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-013-0555-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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35
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Huster RJ, Enriquez-Geppert S, Lavallee CF, Falkenstein M, Herrmann CS. Electroencephalography of response inhibition tasks: Functional networks and cognitive contributions. Int J Psychophysiol 2013; 87:217-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 445] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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36
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O'Gorman RL, Poil SS, Brandeis D, Klaver P, Bollmann S, Ghisleni C, Lüchinger R, Martin E, Shankaranarayanan A, Alsop DC, Michels L. Coupling between resting cerebral perfusion and EEG. Brain Topogr 2012; 26:442-57. [PMID: 23160910 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-012-0265-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
While several studies have investigated interactions between the electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging BOLD signal fluctuations, less is known about the associations between EEG oscillations and baseline brain haemodynamics, and few studies have examined the link between EEG power outside the alpha band and baseline perfusion. Here we compare whole-brain arterial spin labelling perfusion MRI and EEG in a group of healthy adults (n = 16, ten females, median age: 27 years, range 21-48) during an eyes closed rest condition. Correlations emerged between perfusion and global average EEG power in low (delta: 2-4 Hz and theta: 4-7 Hz), middle (alpha: 8-13 Hz), and high (beta: 13-30 Hz and gamma: 30-45 Hz) frequency bands in both cortical and sub-cortical regions. The correlations were predominately positive in middle and high-frequency bands, and negative in delta. In addition, central alpha frequency positively correlated with perfusion in a network of brain regions associated with the modulation of attention and preparedness for external input, and central theta frequency correlated negatively with a widespread network of cortical regions. These results indicate that the coupling between average EEG power/frequency and local cerebral blood flow varies in a frequency specific manner. Our results are consistent with longstanding concepts that decreasing EEG frequencies which in general map onto decreasing levels of activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L O'Gorman
- Center for MR-Research, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, CH-8032, Zurich, Switzerland
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37
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Chen JL, Ros T, Gruzelier JH. Dynamic changes of ICA-derived EEG functional connectivity in the resting state. Hum Brain Mapp 2012; 34:852-68. [PMID: 22344782 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.21475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 09/04/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
An emerging issue in neuroscience is how to identify baseline state(s) and accompanying networks termed "resting state networks" (RSNs). Although independent component analysis (ICA) in fMRI studies has elucidated synchronous spatiotemporal patterns during cognitive tasks, less is known about the changes in EEG functional connectivity between eyes closed (EC) and eyes open (EO) states, two traditionally used baseline indices. Here we investigated healthy subjects (n = 27) in EC and EO employing a four-step analytic approach to the EEG: (1) group ICA to extract independent components (ICs), (2) standardized low-resolution tomography analysis (sLORETA) for cortical source localization of IC network nodes, followed by (3) graph theory for functional connectivity estimation of epochwise IC band-power, and (4) circumscribing IC similarity measures via hierarchical cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling (MDS). Our proof-of-concept results on alpha-band power demonstrate five statistically clustered groups with frontal, central, parietal, occipitotemporal, and occipital sources. Importantly, during EO compared with EC, graph analyses revealed two salient functional networks with frontoparietal connectivity: a more medial network with nodes in the mPFC/precuneus which overlaps with the "default-mode network" (DMN), and a more lateralized network comprising the middle frontal gyrus and inferior parietal lobule, coinciding with the "dorsal attention network" (DAN). Furthermore, a separate MDS analysis of ICs supported the emergence of a pattern of increased proximity (shared information) between frontal and parietal clusters specifically for the EO state. We propose that the disclosed component groups and their source-derived EEG functional connectivity maps may be a valuable method for elucidating direct neuronal (electrophysiological) RSNs in healthy people and those suffering from brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Lon Chen
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, United Kingdom.
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38
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EEG delta oscillations as a correlate of basic homeostatic and motivational processes. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2011; 36:677-95. [PMID: 22020231 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 397] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2011] [Revised: 09/23/2011] [Accepted: 10/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Functional significance of delta oscillations is not fully understood. One way to approach this question would be from an evolutionary perspective. Delta oscillations dominate the EEG of waking reptiles. In humans, they are prominent only in early developmental stages and during slow-wave sleep. Increase of delta power has been documented in a wide array of developmental disorders and pathological conditions. Considerable evidence on the association between delta waves and autonomic and metabolic processes hints that they may be involved in integration of cerebral activity with homeostatic processes. Much evidence suggests the involvement of delta oscillations in motivation. They increase during hunger, sexual arousal, and in substance users. They also increase during panic attacks and sustained pain. In cognitive domain, they are implicated in attention, salience detection, and subliminal perception. This evidence shows that delta oscillations are associated with evolutionary old basic processes, which in waking adults are overshadowed by more advanced processes associated with higher frequency oscillations. The former processes rise in activity, however, when the latter are dysfunctional.
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39
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Schutter DJLG, Knyazev GG. Cross-frequency coupling of brain oscillations in studying motivation and emotion. MOTIVATION AND EMOTION 2011; 36:46-54. [PMID: 22448078 PMCID: PMC3294206 DOI: 10.1007/s11031-011-9237-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Research has shown that brain functions are realized by simultaneous oscillations in various frequency bands. In addition to examining oscillations in pre-specified bands, interactions and relations between the different frequency bandwidths is another important aspect that needs to be considered in unraveling the workings of the human brain and its functions. In this review we provide evidence that studying interdependencies between brain oscillations may be a valuable approach to study the electrophysiological processes associated with motivation and emotional states. Studies will be presented showing that amplitude-amplitude coupling between delta-alpha and delta-beta oscillations varies as a function of state anxiety and approach-avoidance-related motivation, and that changes in the association between delta-beta oscillations can be observed following successful psychotherapy. Together these studies suggest that cross-frequency coupling of brain oscillations may contribute to expanding our understanding of the neural processes underlying motivation and emotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis J. L. G. Schutter
- Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gennady G. Knyazev
- Institute of Physiology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Timakova str. 4, Novosibirsk, Russia
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40
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Knyazev GG. Cross-frequency coupling of brain oscillations: an impact of state anxiety. Int J Psychophysiol 2011; 80:236-45. [PMID: 21458502 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2011.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2011] [Revised: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In recent studies, statistical relations among activities in different frequency EEG bands have been reported. Most of these studies investigate within-subject cross-frequency relations, such as amplitude-amplitude, phase-amplitude and phase-phase coupling between different frequencies. All these cross-frequency interactions are considered to be transient correlates of information processing. However, some authors suggested that a particular pattern of amplitude-amplitude relations among different frequencies may be associated with relatively stable states or even traits. Particularly delta-beta amplitude-amplitude correlation measured in the between-subject domain was shown to lawfully increase in some presumably anxiogenic conditions and in some pathological groups. The main purpose of this paper was to further explore the phenomenon of between-subject delta-beta correlation in terms of its spatial localization, relatedness to state anxiety, and similarity to within-subject amplitude-to-amplitude and phase-to-amplitude coupling. Independent component analysis was used to identify temporally correlated spatial patterns that most reliably show the phenomenon of between-subject delta-beta correlation. Results of this analysis show that in an anxiogenic situation, delta-beta correlation increases in a network of cortical areas which includes the orbitofrontal and the anterior cingulate cortices as its main node. This increase of correlation is accompanied by an increase of delta power and connectivity in the same cortical regions. Analysis of the within-subject delta-beta amplitude-to-amplitude and phase-to-amplitude coupling showed that in an anxiogenic situation, in subjects with higher scores on state anxiety they also tend to increase in the same set of cortical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennady G Knyazev
- State Research Institute of Physiology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Timakova Str., 4, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia.
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Abstract
A better understanding of carbon dioxide (CO(2)) effect on brain activity may have a profound impact on clinical studies using CO(2) manipulation to assess cerebrovascular reserve and on the use of hypercapnia as a means to calibrate functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signal. This study investigates how an increase in blood CO(2), via inhalation of 5% CO(2), may alter brain activity in humans. Dynamic measurement of brain metabolism revealed that mild hypercapnia resulted in a suppression of cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO(2)) by 13.4% ± 2.3% (N=14) and, furthermore, the CMRO(2) change was proportional to the subject's end-tidal CO(2) (Et-CO(2)) change. When using functional connectivity MRI (fcMRI) to assess the changes in resting-state neural activity, it was found that hypercapnia resulted in a reduction in all fcMRI indices assessed including cluster volume, cross-correlation coefficient, and amplitude of the fcMRI signal in the default-mode network (DMN). The extent of the reduction was more pronounced than similar indices obtained in visual-evoked fMRI, suggesting a selective suppression effect on resting-state neural activity. Scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) studies comparing hypercapnia with normocapnia conditions showed a relative increase in low frequency power in the EEG spectra, suggesting that the brain is entering a low arousal state on CO(2) inhalation.
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Painold A, Anderer P, Holl AK, Letmaier M, Saletu-Zyhlarz GM, Saletu B, Bonelli RM. EEG low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) in Huntington’s disease. J Neurol 2010; 258:840-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-010-5852-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2010] [Revised: 11/21/2010] [Accepted: 11/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Comparative EEG mapping studies in Huntington’s disease patients and controls. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2010; 117:1307-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-010-0491-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2010] [Accepted: 09/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Jann K, Koenig T, Dierks T, Boesch C, Federspiel A. Association of individual resting state EEG alpha frequency and cerebral blood flow. Neuroimage 2010; 51:365-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2009] [Revised: 02/03/2010] [Accepted: 02/10/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Velikova S, Locatelli M, Insacco C, Smeraldi E, Comi G, Leocani L. Dysfunctional brain circuitry in obsessive–compulsive disorder: Source and coherence analysis of EEG rhythms. Neuroimage 2010; 49:977-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2009] [Revised: 08/04/2009] [Accepted: 08/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Knyazev G, Slobodskoj-Plusnin J, Bocharov A. Event-related delta and theta synchronization during explicit and implicit emotion processing. Neuroscience 2009; 164:1588-600. [PMID: 19796666 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2009] [Revised: 09/21/2009] [Accepted: 09/22/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Knyazeva MG, Jalili M, Meuli R, Hasler M, De Feo O, Do KQ. Alpha rhythm and hypofrontality in schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2008; 118:188-99. [PMID: 18636993 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2008.01227.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To reveal the EEG correlates of resting hypofrontality in schizophrenia (SZ). METHOD We analyzed the whole-head EEG topography in 14 patients compared to 14 matched controls by applying a new parameterization of the multichannel EEG. We used a combination of power measures tuned for regional surface mapping with power measures that allow evaluation of global effects. RESULTS The SZ-related EEG abnormalities include i) a global decrease in absolute EEG power robustly manifested in the alpha and beta frequency bands, and ii) a relative increase in the alpha power over the prefrontal brain regions against its reduction over the posterior regions. In the alpha band both effects are linked to the SZ symptoms measured with Positive and Negative Symptom Scales and to chronicity. CONCLUSION As alpha activity is related to regional deactivation, our findings support the concept of hypofrontality in SZ and expose the alpha rhythm as a sensitive indicator of it.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Knyazeva
- Department of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne and Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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EEG default mode network in the human brain: Spectral regional field powers. Neuroimage 2008; 41:561-74. [PMID: 18403217 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.12.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2007] [Revised: 12/12/2007] [Accepted: 12/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Toyomaki A, Yamamoto T. Observation of changes in neural activity due to the static magnetic field of an MRI scanner. J Magn Reson Imaging 2008; 26:1216-21. [PMID: 17969171 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.21151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To clarify whether a strong static magnetic field affects brain activity such as arousal level. MATERIALS AND METHODS We compared the electroencephalography (EEG) inside an MRI scanner in the presence/absence of the static magnetic field in two different arousal levels of task and rest conditions. Cardiac-related pulsations of head and blood flow induce an electric voltage at each EEG electrode in a static magnetic field. This induced voltage overlaps with the intrinsic EEG signal and becomes a large confounding factor. To extract the information of the intrinsic EEG from the contaminated EEG data measured in a static magnetic field, we developed a new analysis method. RESULTS No significant difference was observed in the intrinsic EEG in the absence of a magnetic field, whereas in the presence of the static magnetic field, the theta frequency band of the intrinsic EEG increased, especially during the task condition, but other frequency bands did not change. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that a static magnetic field affects brain activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuhito Toyomaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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Foster PS, Harrison DW, Crucian GP, Drago V, Rhodes RD, Heilman KM. Reduced Verbal Learning Associated With Posterior Temporal Lobe Slow Wave Activity. Dev Neuropsychol 2007; 33:25-43. [DOI: 10.1080/87565640701729706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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