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Kang Y, Kang W, Kim A, Tae WS, Ham BJ, Han KM. Decreased cortical gyrification in major depressive disorder. Psychol Med 2023; 53:7512-7524. [PMID: 37154200 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723001216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early neurodevelopmental deviations, such as abnormal cortical folding patterns, are candidate biomarkers of major depressive disorder (MDD). We aimed to investigate the association of MDD with the local gyrification index (LGI) in each cortical region at the whole-brain level, and the association of the LGI with clinical characteristics of MDD. METHODS We obtained T1-weighted images from 234 patients with MDD and 215 healthy controls (HCs). The LGI values from 66 cortical regions in the bilateral hemispheres were automatically calculated according to the Desikan-Killiany atlas. We compared the LGI values between the MDD and HC groups using analysis of covariance, including age, sex, and years of education as covariates. The association between the clinical characteristics and LGI values was investigated in the MDD group. RESULTS Compared with HCs, patients with MDD showed significantly decreased LGI values in the cortical regions, including the bilateral ventrolateral and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices, medial and lateral orbitofrontal cortices, insula, right rostral anterior cingulate cortex, and several temporal and parietal regions, with the largest effect size in the left pars triangularis (Cohen's f2 = 0.361; p = 1.78 × 10-13). Regarding the association of clinical characteristics with LGIs within the MDD group, recurrence and longer illness duration were associated with increased gyrification in several occipital and temporal regions, which showed no significant difference in LGIs between the MDD and HC groups. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the LGI may be a relatively stable neuroimaging marker associated with MDD predisposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youbin Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooyoung Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Aram Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Suk Tae
- Brain Convergence Research Center, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Joo Ham
- Brain Convergence Research Center, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Man Han
- Brain Convergence Research Center, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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2
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Bonduelle SLB, De Raedt R, Braet C, Campforts E, Baeken C. Parental criticism affects adolescents' mood and ruminative state: Self-perception appears to influence their mood response. J Exp Child Psychol 2023; 235:105728. [PMID: 37390784 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2023.105728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Feeling and/or being criticized is a known risk factor for various psychiatric disorders in adolescents. However, the link between the experience of social stressors and the development of psychopathological symptoms is not yet fully understood. Identifying which adolescent subgroups are more vulnerable to parental criticism could be of great clinical relevance. In this study, 90 nondepressed 14- to 17-year-old adolescents were exposed to a sequence of auditory segments with a positive, neutral, and finally negative valence, mirroring parental criticism. Their mood and ruminative states were assessed before and after exposure to criticism. We observed an overall increase in mood disturbance and ruminative thoughts. Self-perception appeared to influence these mood changes, whereas no significant influence by perceived criticism, self-worth, or the general tendency to ruminate was found. Emotional awareness seemed to account for some of the variance in positive mood state changes. These findings point to the importance of adolescent self-perception (and emotional awareness) in dealing with parental criticism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam L B Bonduelle
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, UZ Brussel/Vrije Universiteit Brussel-VUB (Free University of Brussels), 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Department of Head and Skin, UZ Gent/Universiteit Gent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Rudi De Raedt
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Universiteit Gent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Caroline Braet
- Department of Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology, Universiteit Gent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Edward Campforts
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, UZ Brussel/Vrije Universiteit Brussel-VUB (Free University of Brussels), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Chris Baeken
- Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Department of Head and Skin, UZ Gent/Universiteit Gent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Psychiatry, UZ Brussel/Vrije Universiteit Brussel-VUB (Free University of Brussels), 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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3
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Mohamed Ali O, Vandermeer MRJ, Liu P, Joanisse MF, Barch DM, Hayden EP. Associations between childhood irritability and neural reactivity to maternal feedback in adolescence. Biol Psychol 2023; 182:108645. [PMID: 37596151 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Early irritability, a transdiagnostic vulnerability for psychopathology, is associated with alterations in neural reactivity to emotional stimuli and reward; however, associations between childhood irritability and neural markers of risk may be mitigated by the quality of caregiving youth receive. We examined longitudinal relationships between irritability in childhood and young adolescents' neural activity of regions typically associated with emotion regulation and reward processing during processing of maternal feedback and tested whether these associations were moderated by youth's perceptions of the parent-child relationship quality. Eighty-one adolescents (Mage = 11.1 years) listened to maternal critical and praising feedback while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging. Age 3 irritability, assessed observationally, was negatively associated with age 11 neural reactivity to maternal criticism in a cluster in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), particularly for youths who reported more positive maternal parenting. Given the role of the dlPFC activation in the effortful processing of emotional stimuli, decreased activation may reflect disengagement from negatively valenced interpersonal feedback in the context of a positive caregiving environment, thereby mitigating psychopathology risk associated with irritability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Mohamed Ali
- Department of Psychology, Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada.
| | - Matthew R J Vandermeer
- Department of Psychology, Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada; St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Pan Liu
- Department of Psychology, Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada; Department of Psychology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | - Marc F Joanisse
- Department of Psychology, Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Elizabeth P Hayden
- Department of Psychology, Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
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Pulopulos MM, Boccagno C, De Raedt R, Hooley JM. Attenuated beta-adrenergic response to stress and increased anticipation and perception of social threat in women high on perceived criticism. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 133:105421. [PMID: 34592505 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A large amount of literature has demonstrated that Perceived Criticism (PC)-that is, how critical a person believes a given relative is of him or her-is associated with negative clinical outcomes in a broad range of psychiatric disorders (e.g., relapse or recurrence of symptoms). A possible mechanism behind the predictive value of PC might be its association with the stress regulation process. This is the first study to investigate differences in the psychophysiological response to a social stress task in young women (mean age = 21.66, SD = 4.33) with high (n = 40) and low (n = 39) PC. The physiological response was investigated by measuring two markers of sympathetic activity mediated by acetylcholine (skin conductance levels; SCL) and adrenaline (pre-ejection period; PEP) levels, respectively, and one marker of the vagally-mediated parasympathetic system (heart rate variability; HRV). Moreover, we investigated the anticipation and perception of social threat, in the form of criticism, during the stressor. No differences in HRV and SCL were observed. However, individuals high in PC mobilized fewer cardiovascular resources to deal with the stressor, reflected in an attenuated beta-adrenergic response (i.e., lower PEP response). Women high in PC also expected and perceived more criticism during the stress task. Together, our results indicate that women high in PC make heightened social threat anticipation and interpretations, and they tend to engage in less active coping when exposed to socially evaluated stressful events. Our findings indicate that PC is associated with underlying stress-related psychobiological vulnerabilities that may contribute to its association with negative clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias M Pulopulos
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium; Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Psychology, Harvard University, USA.
| | | | - Rudi De Raedt
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium
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5
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Parents still matter! Parental warmth predicts adolescent brain function and anxiety and depressive symptoms 2 years later. Dev Psychopathol 2021; 33:226-239. [PMID: 32096757 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579419001718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety is the most prevalent psychological disorder among youth, and even following treatment, it confers risk for anxiety relapse and the development of depression. Anxiety disorders are associated with heightened response to negative affective stimuli in the brain networks that underlie emotion processing. One factor that can attenuate the symptoms of anxiety and depression in high-risk youth is parental warmth. The current study investigates whether parental warmth helps to protect against future anxiety and depressive symptoms in adolescents with histories of anxiety and whether neural functioning in the brain regions that are implicated in emotion processing and regulation can account for this link. Following treatment for anxiety disorder (Time 1), 30 adolescents (M age = 11.58, SD = 1.26) reported on maternal warmth, and 2 years later (Time 2) they participated in a functional neuroimaging task where they listened to prerecorded criticism and neutral statements from a parent. Higher maternal warmth predicted lower neural activation during criticism, compared with the response during neutral statements, in the left amygdala, bilateral insula, subgenual anterior cingulate (sgACC), right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, and anterior cingulate cortex. Maternal warmth was associated with adolescents' anxiety and depressive symptoms due to the indirect effects of sgACC activation, suggesting that parenting may attenuate risk for internalizing through its effects on brain function.
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Zhu Y, Zhang L, Zhou X, Li C, Yang D. The impact of social distancing during COVID-19: A conditional process model of negative emotions, alienation, affective disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorder. J Affect Disord 2021; 281:131-137. [PMID: 33316718 PMCID: PMC7723399 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Background The social distancing during COVID-19 is likely to cause a feeling of alienation, which may pose a threat to the public's mental health. Our research aims to examine the relationship between negative emotions and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), considering the mediation effect of alienation and how it is moderated by anxiety and depression. Methods For this, the current study conducted a cross-sectional survey on 7145 participants during the outbreak of COVID-19, via online questionnaires comprised of a self-designed Negative emotions questionnaire, Symptom Check List 90 (SCL-90), PTSD Checklist-civilian version (PCL-C), and Adolescent Students Alienation Scale (ASAS). Results A total of 6666 pieces of data from the general population were included in the statistical analysis. The descriptive statistics showed a relatively mild level of mental disorders. Besides, results of Conditional Process Model analysis supported our hypotheses that negative emotions and alienation were both predictors for PTSD symptoms, and their direct and indirect effects were all moderated by the level of anxiety. Limitations This study was limited by the generality and causality of the conclusion. The moderating effect of depression was left for further study due to the collinearity problem of variables. Conclusions Social distancing may have an impact on individuals' mental health by the feeling of alienation, which was moderated by affective disorders. Clinical psychologists should identify individuals' particular cognition and mental disorders to provide a more accurate and adequate intervention for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhu
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Lab of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Chongqing Nankai Secondary School, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Xia Zhou
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Lab of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chenxiang Li
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Lab of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Lab of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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7
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Bonduelle SLB, Chen Q, Wu GR, Braet C, De Raedt R, Baeken C. Exposure to Criticism Modulates Left but Not Right Amygdala Functional Connectivity in Healthy Adolescents: Individual Influences of Perceived and Self-Criticism. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:673805. [PMID: 34295271 PMCID: PMC8290839 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.673805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Frequent exposure to criticism is a known risk factor for various adult psychiatric disorders. Adolescents may be even more vulnerable to (parental) criticism, as their imbalanced brain maturation makes them prone to stronger mood changes and less effective emotional regulation. Identifying which adolescent subgroups are more vulnerable than others could be of great clinical relevance. Perceived criticism (PC) and self-criticism (SC), two related but distinct traits, could well be crucial vulnerability factors. Hypotheses: After exposure to criticism during fMRI scanning, rapid changes in amygdalar functional connectivity (FC) with other brain areas involved in emotion regulation and social cognitive processing will occur. These changes will depend on trait moderators, such as the adolescents' proneness to (a) perceive others as critical of them (PC) or (b) perceive themselves positively or negatively (SC). Methods: Sixty-four healthy 14-17-year-olds were exposed to a series of auditory comments. Changes in mood states were assessed based on the Profile of Mood States (POMS) prior to and after exposure to these segments. Pre- and post-experiment FC of the left and right amygdalae with other brain areas were also measured. Correlates between FC changes and psychometric measures-including the perceived criticism measure (PCM) and self-perception profile for adolescents (SPPA)-were assessed. Results: First, after being criticized, FC increases of the left amygdala seed region with brain areas related to sustained emotional processing were found, but no right amygdalar FC changes. Second, there was a significant positive partial correlation between individual PCM scores and FC changes between the left amygdala seed region and the left precuneus and left superior parietal cortex, both part of the default mode network. Conclusion: Exposure to criticism resulted in a rapid negative mood change accompanied by an increase in FC between the left amygdala and regions known to be involved in sustained emotional processing, but no right amygdalar FC changes. Furthermore, higher PC but not SC was correlated with stronger left amygdalar FC increases with these regions, suggesting an elevated vulnerability for disturbed emotional processing, as observed in mood disorders, in healthy adolescents with higher PCM scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Luc Bart Bonduelle
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, UZ Brussel/Vrije Universiteit Brussel-VUB (Free University of Brussels), Brussels, Belgium.,Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Department of Head and Skin, UZ Gent/Universiteit Gent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Qinyuan Chen
- Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Department of Head and Skin, UZ Gent/Universiteit Gent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guo-Rong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Caroline Braet
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Universiteit Gent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rudi De Raedt
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Universiteit Gent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chris Baeken
- Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Department of Head and Skin, UZ Gent/Universiteit Gent, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Psychiatry, UZ Brussel/Vrije Universiteit Brussel-VUB (Free University of Brussels), Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
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8
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Hubbard NA, Siless V, Frosch IR, Goncalves M, Lo N, Wang J, Bauer CCC, Conroy K, Cosby E, Hay A, Jones R, Pinaire M, Vaz De Souza F, Vergara G, Ghosh S, Henin A, Hirshfeld-Becker DR, Hofmann SG, Rosso IM, Auerbach RP, Pizzagalli DA, Yendiki A, Gabrieli JDE, Whitfield-Gabrieli S. Brain function and clinical characterization in the Boston adolescent neuroimaging of depression and anxiety study. Neuroimage Clin 2020; 27:102240. [PMID: 32361633 PMCID: PMC7199015 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We present a Human Connectome Project study tailored toward adolescent anxiety and depression. This study is one of the first studies of the Connectomes Related to Human Diseases initiative and is collecting structural, functional, and diffusion-weighted brain imaging data from up to 225 adolescents (ages 14-17 years), 150 of whom are expected to have a current diagnosis of an anxiety and/or depressive disorder. Comprehensive clinical and neuropsychological evaluations and longitudinal clinical data are also being collected. This article provides an overview of task functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) protocols and preliminary findings (N = 140), as well as clinical and neuropsychological characterization of adolescents. Data collection is ongoing for an additional 85 adolescents, most of whom are expected to have a diagnosis of an anxiety and/or depressive disorder. Data from the first 140 adolescents are projected for public release through the National Institutes of Health Data Archive (NDA) with the timing of this manuscript. All other data will be made publicly-available through the NDA at regularly scheduled intervals. This article is intended to serve as an introduction to this project as well as a reference for those seeking to clinical, neurocognitive, and task fMRI data from this public resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Hubbard
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States; University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - V Siless
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - I R Frosch
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - M Goncalves
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - N Lo
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - J Wang
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - C C C Bauer
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - K Conroy
- Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - E Cosby
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
| | - A Hay
- Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - R Jones
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - M Pinaire
- Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - F Vaz De Souza
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - G Vergara
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
| | - S Ghosh
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - A Henin
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - D R Hirshfeld-Becker
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - S G Hofmann
- Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - I M Rosso
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
| | - R P Auerbach
- Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - D A Pizzagalli
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
| | - A Yendiki
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - J D E Gabrieli
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - S Whitfield-Gabrieli
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States; Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States.
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9
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Sequeira SL, Butterfield RD, Silk JS, Forbes EE, Ladouceur CD. Neural Activation to Parental Praise Interacts With Social Context to Predict Adolescent Depressive Symptoms. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:222. [PMID: 31607874 PMCID: PMC6773803 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Negative relationships with parents and peers are considered risk factors for depression in adolescence, yet not all adolescents perceiving negative social relationships develop depression. In line with neurobiological susceptibility to social context models, we examined how individual differences in neural processing of parental praise, a unique form of social reward, might explain variability in susceptibility to perceived maternal acceptance and peer victimization. During neuroimaging, 38 11- to 17-year-olds with a history of anxiety listened to audio clips of a parent (predominately mothers) providing personalized praise and neutral statements. Average activation during parental praise clips relative to neutral clips was extracted from several anatomically-defined reward-related regions-of-interest (ROIs): the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex, caudate nucleus, amygdala, nucleus accumbens, and insula. Moderation models included direct effects and interactions between neural activation to social reward, peer victimization, and maternal acceptance at the time of scanning on depressive symptoms 1 year later. Results showed a significant three-way interaction for the bilateral caudate such that peer victimization was associated with depressive symptoms only for individuals with higher caudate response to praise who perceived maternal acceptance as low. Consistent with neurobiological susceptibility to social context models, caudate activation to social reward could represent a neural marker that helps explain variability in adolescent sensitivity to social contexts. High caudate activation to praise could reflect a history of negative experiences with parents and/or peers that places youth at greater risk for depressive symptoms. Findings suggest that interactions between neural response to reward and salient social contexts may help us understand changes in depressive symptoms during a period of development marked by significant biopsychosocial change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie L Sequeira
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | | | - Jennifer S Silk
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Erika E Forbes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Cecile D Ladouceur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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10
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Baker JK, Fenning RM, Howland MA, Huynh D. Parental criticism and behavior problems in children with autism spectrum disorder. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2019; 23:1249-1261. [PMID: 30394790 PMCID: PMC6499715 DOI: 10.1177/1362361318804190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Associations between parent critical attitudes (a component of the Expressed Emotion construct) and behavior problems have been relatively well established in adolescents and young adults with autism spectrum disorder, but use of systems adapted for children with autism spectrum disorder and additional investigations with younger samples are needed. This study examined parental criticism, derived from a population-specific coding system, as related to behavior problems in children with autism spectrum disorder between the ages of 4 and 11 years, and considered parental warmth and children's psychophysiological reactivity as statistical moderators of these associations. In all, 40 children with autism spectrum disorder and their primary caregivers attended a visit involving collection of child electrodermal activity, parent-child interaction, a parent interview from which critical attitudes and warmth were coded, and parent report of child behavior problems. Criticism was directly related to higher child externalizing but not internalizing problems. Parental criticism interacted with warmth in the prediction of internalizing problems such that criticism was only associated with more problems in the context of moderate but not high warmth. Criticism was positively associated with externalizing problems under conditions of moderate and high, but not low, child electrodermal activity reactivity. Implications for conceptualizations of parental criticism in autism spectrum disorder, for understanding comorbid behavior problems in this population, and for intervention are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David Huynh
- 1 California State University, Fullerton, USA
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11
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Weintraub MJ, Weisman de Mamani A, Villano WJ, Evans TC, Millman ZB, Hooley JM, Timpano KR. Affective and physiological reactivity to emotional comments in individuals at elevated risk for psychosis. Schizophr Res 2019; 206:428-435. [PMID: 30337153 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with schizophrenia are at increased risk of relapse when they live in highly critical (i.e., high expressed emotion; EE) family environments. It remains less clear, however, how individuals at elevated risk for a psychotic disorder react to the social stress of EE. Here we examined whether individuals at elevated risk for developing schizophrenia report greater subjective changes in affect and have increased physiological reactivity after hearing critical, praising and neutral comments. METHOD Measures of heart rate, heart rate variability, skin conductance, and self-reported affective ratings were used to assess differential responses to EE-type stimuli in 38 individuals at elevated-risk for psychosis and 38 low-risk controls. RESULTS The elevated-risk group and low-risk controls, did not differ in their initial affective and physiological reactivity to criticism. However, during the recovery period following the criticism, the elevated-risk group demonstrated greater heart rate activation. They also showed more sensitivity to praise. Although elevated-risk participants initially had higher baseline levels of negative affect and heart rate, following praise, these levels reduced and became indistinguishable from the levels of low-risk controls. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that at-risk individuals may have more difficulty recovering from criticism than their self-report data might suggest. They may also derive physiological and affective benefits from praise. Important clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc J Weintraub
- University of Miami, Department of Psychology, Coral Gables, FL, United States of America; University of California, Los Angeles, Semel Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America.
| | - Amy Weisman de Mamani
- University of Miami, Department of Psychology, Coral Gables, FL, United States of America
| | - William J Villano
- University of Miami, Department of Psychology, Coral Gables, FL, United States of America
| | - Travis C Evans
- University of Miami, Department of Psychology, Coral Gables, FL, United States of America
| | - Zachary B Millman
- University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Department of Psychology, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Jill M Hooley
- Harvard University, Department of Psychology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Kiara R Timpano
- University of Miami, Department of Psychology, Coral Gables, FL, United States of America
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12
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Butler R, Berry K, Ellett L, Bucci S. An experimental investigation of the impact of critical and warm comments on state paranoia in a non-clinical sample. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2019; 62:30-37. [PMID: 30179728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Interpersonal stress is key to the development and maintenance of paranoia. Much attention has been given to the impact of interpersonal stressors, such as criticism, on outcomes in psychosis. Less attention has been given to the potentially protective effects of positive interpersonal factors. This study tested experimentally whether criticism and warm comments elicited changes in state paranoia. Whether warm comments provided protective effects when participants faced subsequent social exclusion was also examined. METHOD A nonclinical sample (N = 97) was randomised to criticism, warm comments, or neutral comments conditions. Participants then played a virtual ball game (Cyberball), during which they were systematically excluded from the game. State paranoia was measured before and after the affective stimuli and after social exclusion. Self-esteem and trait paranoia were also measured. RESULTS Paranoia levels increased following exposure to criticism (p = .011). Paranoia was not significantly lower following exposure to warm comments (p = .203). Warm comments did not provide protection against the effects of subsequent social exclusion. The warm comments condition was the only condition in which significant increases in paranoia were seen following social exclusion (p = .004). LIMITATIONS Use of a non-clinical sample limits generalisation to clinical populations. CONCLUSIONS Criticism is sufficient to elicit increases in paranoia in non-clinical participants. Warm comments are insufficient to significantly reduce paranoia or provide protective effects against subsequent negative interpersonal experiences, highlighting the need to balance therapeutic warmth with amelioration of social stressors in paranoia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Butler
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Berry
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Lyn Ellett
- Department of Psychology Health and Well-being, Royal Holloway, University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra Bucci
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom.
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13
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Kopala‐Sibley DC, Zuroff DC. The self and depression: Four psychological theories and their potential neural correlates. J Pers 2019; 88:14-30. [DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C. Kopala‐Sibley
- Department of Psychiatry Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - David C. Zuroff
- Department of Psychology McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
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14
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Allen KJD, Fox KR, Schatten HT, Hooley JM. Frequency of nonsuicidal self-injury is associated with impulsive decision-making during criticism. Psychiatry Res 2019; 271:68-75. [PMID: 30469091 PMCID: PMC6382530 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Research indicates that nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is associated with impulsive traits, but not impulsive behavior on laboratory tasks, even in the context of negative mood. However, previous studies may not have induced forms of negative affect most relevant to NSSI. For example, evidence implicates both self-criticism and feeling criticized by others in NSSI engagement. We conducted two studies examining whether negative mood related to criticism increases impulsive decision-making among individuals with NSSI histories, using a gambling task embedded with auditory critical comments; participants imagined loved ones saying these comments to them. Study 1 evaluated community adults with (n = 33) and without (n = 31) NSSI histories. Despite no group differences in task performance, we found an association between past-year NSSI frequency and more impulsive choices during criticism. This was confirmed in Study 2 using a separate sample of adults (n = 69) with more frequent and recent NSSI. In regression models including self-criticism and depressive symptoms, only task performance (i.e., decision-making while receiving critical feedback) predicted NSSI frequency across multiple measurement periods. These studies suggest that more frequent and recent NSSI is associated with neurocognitive impulsivity, specifically in negative emotional contexts involving actual or imagined criticism in close relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth J D Allen
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Box G-BH, Providence, RI 02912, USA; Psychosocial Research Program, Butler Hospital, 345 Blackstone Boulevard, Providence, RI 02906, USA.
| | - Kathryn R Fox
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, 33 Kirkland Street, Cambridge, 02138 MA, USA
| | - Heather T Schatten
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Box G-BH, Providence, RI 02912, USA; Psychosocial Research Program, Butler Hospital, 345 Blackstone Boulevard, Providence, RI 02906, USA
| | - Jill M Hooley
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, 33 Kirkland Street, Cambridge, 02138 MA, USA
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15
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Dedoncker J, Vanderhasselt MA, Remue J, De Witte S, Wu GR, Hooley JM, De Raedt R, Baeken C. Prefrontal TDCS attenuates medial prefrontal connectivity upon being criticized in individuals scoring high on perceived criticism. Brain Imaging Behav 2018; 13:1060-1070. [DOI: 10.1007/s11682-018-9927-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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16
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A mind full of self: Self-referential processing as a mechanism underlying the therapeutic effects of mindfulness training on internalizing disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 92:172-186. [PMID: 29886175 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the current review is to advance the hypothesis that change in self-referential processing is a key but under-examined mechanism through which mindfulness training confers its therapeutic benefits for individuals with internalizing disorders. Consequently, we integrated neuroscientific studies on aberrant self-referential processing in internalizing disorders with contemplative science scholarship examining the effects of mindfulness training on the self-referential system. Reviewing these literatures yielded four major conclusions: (1) internalizing disorders can be characterized by excessive self-referential processing and emotion dysregulation; (2) mindfulness training has moderate effects on reducing internalizing symptoms; (3) mindfulness training promotes the shifting from narrative self-focus to present-centered experiential awareness; (4) such mindfulness-induced changes in self-reference is accompanied by reduced activation in overactive self-referential brain regions that have been implicated in internalizing disorders. Clinical and research implications related to delineating the role of self-referential processing in producing the therapeutic effects of mindfulness training are discussed.
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17
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Yamamoto T, Sugaya N, Siegle GJ, Kumano H, Shimada H, Machado S, Murillo-Rodriguez E, Rocha NB, Nardi AE, Takamura M, Okamoto Y, Yamawaki S. Altered Gamma-Band Activity as a Potential Biomarker for the Recurrence of Major Depressive Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:691. [PMID: 30631287 PMCID: PMC6315147 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The neurophysiological mechanisms of cognitive reactivity, the primary vulnerability factor of major depressive disorder (MDD) recurrence, remain unclear in individuals with recovered MDD (rMDD). Because gamma-band responses (GBRs) can be used to measure cognitive processing, they may also be useful for elucidating the mechanisms underlying cognitive reactivity. Identifying these mechanisms may permit the development of an index for predicting and preempting MDD recurrence. Here, to identify the neurophysiological mechanisms of cognitive reactivity, we examined the characteristics of the GBRs evoked/induced by emotional words in participants with and without rMDD after inducing a negative mood. Methods: Thirty-three healthy control participants and 18 participants with rMDD completed a lexical emotion identification task during electroencephalography along with assessments of cognitive reactivity after negative mood induction. Results: No between-group differences were identified for the task reaction times; however, the rMDD group had significantly higher cognitive reactivity scores than did the control group. Furthermore, the power of late GBRs to positive words was significantly greater in the rMDD group, with the greater power of late GBRs being related to higher cognitive reactivity. Limitations: Considering the population studied, our findings cannot be completely generalized to populations other than adolescents, people with rMDD, and those without a history of co-morbid disorders and early life stress. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that the dysfunction of neural circuits related to higher-order processes like memory and attention might underlie cognitive reactivity. Altered late GBRs to positive information may be persistent biomarkers of the depression recurrence risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Nagisa Sugaya
- Unit of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Greg J Siegle
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Hiroaki Kumano
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | | | - Sergio Machado
- Physical Activity Neuroscience, Physical Activity Postgraduate Program, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Eric Murillo-Rodriguez
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias Moleculares e Integrativas, Escuela de Medicina, División Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac Mayab, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Nuno B Rocha
- School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Antonio E Nardi
- Panic and Respiration Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Masahiro Takamura
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Okamoto
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shigeto Yamawaki
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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18
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Chen VCH, Shen CY, Liang SHY, Li ZH, Hsieh MH, Tyan YS, Lu ML, Lee Y, McIntyre RS, Weng JC. Assessment of brain functional connectome alternations and correlation with depression and anxiety in major depressive disorders. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3147. [PMID: 29181274 PMCID: PMC5702252 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is highly prevalent, recurrent, and associated with functional impairment, morbidity, and mortality. Herein, we aimed to identify disruptions in functional connectomics among subjects with MDD by using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). Sixteen subjects with MDD and thirty health controls completed resting-state fMRI scans and clinical assessments (e.g., Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)). We found higher amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF) bilaterally in the hippocampus and amygdala among MDD subjects when compared to healthy controls. Using graph theoretical analysis, we found decreased clustering coefficient, local efficiency, and transitivity in the MDD patients. Our findings suggest a potential biomarker for differentiating individuals with MDD from individuals without MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Chin-Hung Chen
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Current affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yu Shen
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Imaging, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sophie Hsin-Yi Liang
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Section of Child Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Taoyuan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Zhen-Hui Li
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hong Hsieh
- Department of Psychiatry, Chung Shan Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yeu-Sheng Tyan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Imaging, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mong-Liang Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, Wan Fang Hospital & School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yena Lee
- Mood Disorder Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Mood Disorder Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jun-Cheng Weng
- Current affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Imaging, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Current affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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19
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De Raedt R, Remue J, Loeys T, Hooley JM, Baeken C. The effect of transcranial direct current stimulation of the prefrontal cortex on implicit self-esteem is mediated by rumination after criticism. Behav Res Ther 2017; 99:138-146. [PMID: 29101842 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
It has been proposed that a crucial link between cognitive (i.e., self-schemas) and biological vulnerability is prefrontal control. This is because decreased control leads to impaired ability to inhibit ruminative thinking after the activation of negative self-schemas. However, current evidence is mainly correlational. In the current experimental study we tested whether the effect of neurostimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on self-esteem is mediated by momentary ruminative self-referential thinking (MRST) after the induction of negative self-schemas by criticism. We used a single, sham-controlled crossover session of anodal transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) applied to the left DLPFC (cathode over the right supraorbital region) in healthy female individuals. After receiving tDCS/sham stimulation, we measured MRST and exposed the participants to critical audio scripts, followed by another MRST measurement. Subsequently, all participants completed two Implicit Relational Assessment Procedures to implicitly measure actual and ideal self-esteem. Our behavioral data indicated a significant decrease in MRST after real but not sham tDCS. Moreover, although there was no immediate effect of tDCS on implicit self-esteem, an indirect effect was found through double mediation, with the difference in MRST from baseline to after stimulation and from baseline to after criticism as our two mediators. The larger the decrease of criticism induced MRST after real tDCS, the higher the level of actual self-esteem. Our results show that tDCS can influence cognitive processes such as rumination, and subsequently self-esteem, but only after the activation of negative self-schemas. Rumination and negative self-esteem characterize different forms of psychopathology, and these data expand our knowledge of the role of the prefrontal cortex in controlling these self-referential processes, and the mechanisms of action of tDCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudi De Raedt
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium.
| | - Jonathan Remue
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Tom Loeys
- Department of Data Analysis, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Jill M Hooley
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, United States
| | - Chris Baeken
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, University Hospital Ghent University, Belgium; Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Belgium; Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Ghent University, Belgium
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20
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The burden of conscientiousness? Examining brain activation and cortisol response during social evaluative stress. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2017; 78:48-56. [PMID: 28161654 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Although conscientiousness has for a long time been considered generally adaptive, there are findings challenging this view, suggesting that conscientiousness might be less advantageous during uncontrollable stress. We here examined the impact of conscientiousness on brain activation during and the cortisol response following an uncontrollable social evaluative stress task in order to test this hypothesis. Brain activation and cortisol levels were measured during an fMRI stress task, where subjects (n=86) performed cognitive tasks containing preprogrammed failure under time pressure, while being monitored by a panel of experts inducing social-evaluative threat. The degree of conscientiousness was measured using the NEO-FFI. We observed a positive correlation between conscientiousness and salivary cortisol levels in response to the stressful task in male subjects only. In male subjects conscientiousness correlated positively with activation in right amygdala and left insula, and, moreover, mediated the influence of amygdala and insula activation on cortisol output. This pattern of brain activation can be interpreted as a disadvantageous response to uncontrollable stress to which highly conscientious individuals might be predisposed. This is the first study showing the effect of conscientiousness on physiology and brain activation to an uncontrollable psychosocial stressor. Our results provide neurobiological evidence for the hypothesis that conscientiousness should not just be seen as beneficial, but rather as a trait associated with either costs or benefits depending on the extent to which one is in control of the situation.
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21
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Ferdek MA, van Rijn CM, Wyczesany M. Depressive rumination and the emotional control circuit: An EEG localization and effective connectivity study. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2016; 16:1099-1113. [PMID: 27572661 PMCID: PMC5153413 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-016-0456-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ruminations are repetitive thoughts associated with symptoms, causes, and consequences of one's negative feelings. The objective of this study was to explore the neuronal basis of depressive rumination in a non-clinical population within the context of emotional control. Participants scoring high or low on the tendency to ruminate scale took part in the EEG experiment. Their EEG data were collected during a state of induced depressive ruminations and compared with positive and neutral conditions. We hypothesized that both groups would differ according to the level of activation and effective connectivity among the structures involved in the emotional control circuit. Clustering of independent components, together with effective connectivity (Directed Transfer Function), was performed using the EEG signal. The main findings involved decreased activation of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and increased activation of the left temporal lobe structures in the highly ruminating group. The latter result was most pronounced during the ruminative condition. Decreased information from the left DLPFC to the left temporal lobe structures was also found, leading to the conclusion that hypoactivation of the left DLPFC and its inability to modulate the activation of the left temporal lobe structures is crucial for the ruminative tendencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena A Ferdek
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Psychophysiology Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, PL-30060, Ingardena 6, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Clementina M van Rijn
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Miroslaw Wyczesany
- Psychophysiology Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, PL-30060, Ingardena 6, Krakow, Poland
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22
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Quevedo K, Ng R, Scott H, Martin J, Smyda G, Keener M, Oppenheimer CW. The neurobiology of self-face recognition in depressed adolescents with low or high suicidality. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 2016; 125:1185-1200. [PMID: 27618278 PMCID: PMC5858689 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study sought to test whether the neurobiology of self-processing differentiated depressed adolescents with high suicidality (HS) from those with low suicidality (LS) and healthy controls (HC; N = 119, MAGE = 14.79, SD = 1.64, Min = 11.3, Max = 17.8). Participants completed a visual self-recognition task in the scanner during which they identified their own or an unfamiliar adolescent face across 3 emotional expressions (happy, neutral or sad). A 3-group (HS, LS, HC) by 2 within-subject factors (2 Self conditions [self, other] and 3 Emotions [happy, neutral, sad]) GLM yielded (a) a main effect of Self condition with all participants showing higher activity in the right occipital, precuneus and fusiform during the self- versus other-face conditions; (b) a main effect of Group where all depressed youth showed higher dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activity than HC across all conditions, and with HS showing higher cuneus and occipital activity versus both LS and HC; and (c) a Group by Self by Emotion interaction with HS showing lower activity in both mid parietal, limbic, and prefrontal areas in the Happy self versus other-face condition relative to the LS group, who in turn had less activity compared to HC youth. Covarying for depression severity replicated all results except the third finding; In this subsequent analysis, a Group by Self interaction showed that although HC had similar midline cortical structure (MCS) activity for all faces, LS showed higher MCS activity for the self versus other faces, whereas HS showed the opposite pattern. Results suggest that the neurophysiology of emotionally charged self-referential information can distinguish depressed, suicidal youth versus nonsuicidal depressed and healthy adolescents. Neurophysiological differences and implications for the prediction of suicidality in youth are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rowena Ng
- University of Minnesota Institute of Child Development
| | - Hannah Scott
- University of Minnesota, Department of Psychiatry
| | - Jodi Martin
- University of Minnesota Institute of Child Development
| | - Garry Smyda
- University of Pittsburgh, School of Public Health
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23
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De Raedt R, Hooley JM. The role of expectancy and proactive control in stress regulation: A neurocognitive framework for regulation expectation. Clin Psychol Rev 2016; 45:45-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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24
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Peris TS, Miklowitz DJ. Parental Expressed Emotion and Youth Psychopathology: New Directions for an Old Construct. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2015; 46:863-73. [PMID: 25552241 PMCID: PMC4618702 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-014-0526-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Levels of parental expressed emotion (EE) are prospectively associated with the symptomatic course of a range of childhood psychiatric disorders. This article reviews the literature linking parental EE to youth psychopathology and proposes a novel framework for understanding its mechanisms of action. We find that, despite noteworthy methodological limitations, parental EE is linked consistently to a more deleterious course of mood, anxiety, and psychotic disorders in youth. Its mechanism of action is unknown. Models of "toxic family stress" (referring to frequent, sustained, and uncontrollable stress without protective influences) provide one framework for understanding how high EE environments interact with individual biological vulnerabilities to promote illness onset and recurrence. Research aimed at understanding biological responses (e.g., stress reactivity, arousal) to familial EE is needed. Such work may inform efforts to understand how EE affects the course of psychiatric disorders and may guide the development of novel interventions emphasizing emotion regulation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara S Peris
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, 760 Westwood Plaza, Rm. 67-439, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - David J Miklowitz
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, 760 Westwood Plaza, Rm. 67-439, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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25
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Kaiser RH, Andrews-Hanna JR, Metcalf CA, Dimidjian S. Dwell or Decenter? Rumination and Decentering Predict Working Memory Updating After Interpersonal Criticism. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10608-015-9697-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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26
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Almeida Montes LG, Prado Alcántara H, Portillo Cedeño BA, Hernández García AO, Fuentes Rojas PE. Persistent decrease in alpha current density in fully remitted subjects with major depressive disorder treated with fluoxetine: A prospective electric tomography study. Int J Psychophysiol 2015; 96:191-200. [PMID: 25835548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is recurrent, and its pathophysiology is not fully understood. Studies using electric tomography (ET) have identified abnormalities in the current density (CD) of MDD subjects in regions associated with the neurobiology of MDD, such as the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC). However, little is known regarding the long-term CD changes in MDD subjects who respond to antidepressants. The aim of this study was to compare CD between healthy and MDD subjects who received 1-year open-label treatment with fluoxetine. Thirty-two-channel electroencephalograms (EEGs) were collected from 70 healthy controls and 74 MDD subjects at baseline (pre-treatment), 1 and 2weeks and 1, 2, 6, 9 and 12months. Variable-resolution ET (VARETA) was used to assess the CD between subject groups at each time point. The MDD group exhibited decreased alpha CD (αCD) in the occipital and parietal cortices, ACC, mOFC, thalamus and caudate nucleus at each time point. The αCD abnormalities persisted in the MDD subjects despite their achieving full remission. The low sub-alpha band was different between the healthy and MDD subjects. Differences in the amount of αCD between sexes and treatment outcomes were observed. Lack of a placebo arm and the loss of depressed patients to follow-up were significant limitations. The persistence of the decrease in αCD might suggest that the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms of MDD are not corrected despite the asymptomatic state of MDD subjects, which could be significant in understanding the highly recurrent nature of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Guillermo Almeida Montes
- Centro Estatal de Salud Mental, Servicios de Salud del Estado de Querétaro (SESEQ), Avenida 5 de Febrero 105, Los Virreyes, C.P. 76170 Querétaro, México.
| | - Hugo Prado Alcántara
- Centro Estatal de Salud Mental, Servicios de Salud del Estado de Querétaro (SESEQ), Avenida 5 de Febrero 105, Los Virreyes, C.P. 76170 Querétaro, México
| | - Bertha Alicia Portillo Cedeño
- Centro Estatal de Salud Mental, Servicios de Salud del Estado de Querétaro (SESEQ), Avenida 5 de Febrero 105, Los Virreyes, C.P. 76170 Querétaro, México
| | - Ana Olivia Hernández García
- Centro Estatal de Salud Mental, Servicios de Salud del Estado de Querétaro (SESEQ), Avenida 5 de Febrero 105, Los Virreyes, C.P. 76170 Querétaro, México
| | - Patricia Elisa Fuentes Rojas
- Centro Estatal de Salud Mental, Servicios de Salud del Estado de Querétaro (SESEQ), Avenida 5 de Febrero 105, Los Virreyes, C.P. 76170 Querétaro, México
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Holsen LM, Lancaster K, Klibanski A, Whitfield-Gabrieli S, Cherkerzian S, Buka S, Goldstein JM. HPA-axis hormone modulation of stress response circuitry activity in women with remitted major depression. Neuroscience 2013; 250:733-42. [PMID: 23891965 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Decades of clinical and basic research indicate significant links between altered hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis hormone dynamics and major depressive disorder (MDD). Recent neuroimaging studies of MDD highlight abnormalities in stress response circuitry regions which play a role in the regulation of the HPA-axes. However, there is a dearth of research examining these systems in parallel, especially as related to potential trait characteristics. The current study addresses this gap by investigating neural responses to a mild visual stress challenge with real-time assessment of adrenal hormones in women with MDD in remission and controls. Fifteen women with recurrent MDD in remission (rMDD) and 15 healthy control women were scanned on a 3T Siemens MR scanner while viewing neutral and negative (stress-evoking) stimuli. Blood samples were obtained before, during, and after scanning for the measurement of HPA-axis hormone levels. Compared to controls, rMDD women demonstrated higher anxiety ratings, increased cortisol levels, and hyperactivation in the amygdala and hippocampus, p<0.05, family-wise error (FWE)-corrected in response to the stress challenge. Among rMDD women, amygdala activation was negatively related to cortisol changes and positively associated with the duration of remission. Findings presented here provide evidence for differential effects of altered HPA-axis hormone dynamics on hyperactivity in stress response circuitry regions elicited by a well-validated stress paradigm in women with recurrent MDD in remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Holsen
- Division of Women's Health, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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28
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Isaac L, Bayley PJ. Eeg Coherence between Prefrontal and Posterior Cortical Regions is Related to Negative Personality Traits. Front Hum Neurosci 2012; 6:269. [PMID: 23060773 PMCID: PMC3463831 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2012.00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Isaac
- The Veterans Affairs Palo Alto HealthCare System, War Related Illness and Injury Study Center Palo Alto, CA, USA ; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, CA, USA
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29
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Hooley JM, Siegle G, Gruber SA. Affective and neural reactivity to criticism in individuals high and low on perceived criticism. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44412. [PMID: 22984504 PMCID: PMC3439418 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
People who have remitted from depression are at increased risk for relapse if they rate their relatives as being critical of them on a simple self-report measure of Perceived Criticism (PC). To explore neural mechanisms associated with this we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine how people with different levels of PC responded to hearing criticism from their own mothers. To maximize variability in affective reactivity, depressed, recovered depressed, and healthy control participants (n = 33) were classified as high or low in PC based on a median split. They were then exposed to personally-relevant critical and praising comments from their mothers. Perceived Criticism levels were unrelated to depression status and to negative mood change after hearing criticism. However, compared to low PC participants, those who scored high on PC showed differential activation in a network of regions associated with emotion reactivity and regulation, including increased amygdala activity and decreased reactions in prefrontal regulatory regions when they heard criticism. This was not the case for praise. Criticism may be a risk factor for relapse because it helps to “train” pathways characteristic of depressive information processing. The Perceived Criticism measure may help identify people who are more susceptible to this vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill M Hooley
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America.
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30
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Diener C, Kuehner C, Brusniak W, Ubl B, Wessa M, Flor H. A meta-analysis of neurofunctional imaging studies of emotion and cognition in major depression. Neuroimage 2012; 61:677-85. [PMID: 22521254 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Revised: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Zuo N, Fang J, Lv X, Zhou Y, Hong Y, Li T, Tong H, Wang X, Wang W, Jiang T. White matter abnormalities in major depression: a tract-based spatial statistics and rumination study. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37561. [PMID: 22666366 PMCID: PMC3364284 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that major depressive disorder (MDD) is usually accompanied by altered white matter in the prefrontal cortex, the parietal lobe and the limbic system. As a behavioral abnormity of MDD, rumination has been believed to be a substantial indicator of the mental state of the depressive state. So far, however, no report that we are aware of has evaluated the relationship between white matter alterations and the ruminative state. In this study, we first explored the altered white matter using a tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) method based on diffusion tensor imaging of 19 healthy and 16 depressive subjects. We then investigated correlations between the altered white matter microstructure in the identified altered regions and the severity of ruminations measured by the ruminative response scale. Our results demonstrated altered white matter microstructure in circuits connecting the prefrontal lobe, the parietal lobe and the limbic system (p<0.005, uncorrected), findings which support previous research. More importantly, the result also indicated that a greater alteration in the white matter is associated with a more ruminative state (p<0.05, Bonferroni corrected). The detected abnormalities in the white matter should be interpreted cautiously because of the small sample size in this study. This finding supports the psychometric significance of white matter deficits in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianming Zuo
- LIAMA Center for Computational Medicine, National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiliang Fang
- Laboratory for Functional Brain Imaging, Department of Radiology, Guang-an-men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xueyu Lv
- Department of Psychology, Guang-an-men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Hong
- Laboratory for Functional Brain Imaging, Department of Radiology, Guang-an-men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Psychology, Guang-an-men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haibing Tong
- Laboratory for Functional Brain Imaging, Department of Radiology, Guang-an-men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Laboratory for Functional Brain Imaging, Department of Radiology, Guang-an-men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- Department of Psychology, Guang-an-men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (TZJ); (WDW)
| | - Tianzi Jiang
- LIAMA Center for Computational Medicine, National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- The Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail: (TZJ); (WDW)
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Firk C, Siep N, Markus CR. Serotonin transporter genotype modulates cognitive reappraisal of negative emotions: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2012; 8:247-58. [PMID: 22345383 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsr091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A functional polymorphism within the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) has been reported to modulate emotionality and risk for affective disorders. The short (S) allele has less functional efficacy than the long (L) allele and has been associated with enhanced emotional reactivity. One possible contributing factor to the high emotionality in S carriers may be inefficient use of cognitive strategies such as reappraisal to regulate emotional responses. The aim of the present study was to test whether the 5-HTTLPR genotype modulates the neural correlates of emotion regulation. To determine neural differences between S and L allele carriers during reappraisal of negative emotions, 15 homozygous S (S'/S') and 15 homozygous L (L'/L') carriers underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), while performing an instructed emotion regulation task including downregulation, upregulation and passive viewing of negative emotional pictures. Compared to L'/L' allele carriers, subjects who carry the S'/S' allele responded with lower posterior insula and prefrontal brain activation during passive perception of negative emotional information but showed greater prefrontal activation and anterior insula activation during down- and upregulation of negative emotional responses. The current results support and extend previous findings of enhanced emotionality in S carriers by providing additional evidence of 5-HTTLPR modulation of volitional emotion regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Firk
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neurosciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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33
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Hamilton J, Furman D, Gotlib I. Neural Foundations of Major Depression. NEUROBIOLOGY OF DEPRESSION 2011. [DOI: 10.1201/b11232-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Korgaonkar MS, Grieve SM, Koslow SH, Gabrieli JDE, Gordon E, Williams LM. Loss of white matter integrity in major depressive disorder: evidence using tract-based spatial statistical analysis of diffusion tensor imaging. Hum Brain Mapp 2010; 32:2161-71. [PMID: 21170955 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.21178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2010] [Accepted: 09/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
White matter (WM) has been shown to be affected in elderly patients with major depressive disorders (MDD). There is only limited evidence of WM structural abnormalities in nongeriatric MDD patients. This study investigates WM microstructural integrity in nongeriatric MDD patients recruited as part of the International Study to Predict Optimized Treatment in Depression clinical trial and establishes the validity of diffusion tensor imaging measures for the investigation of depression. Baseline diffusion tensor imaging data from 29 nongeriatric MDD participants (11 with melancholia) and 39 healthy control participants were used in this analysis. We performed tract-based spatial statistics analyses to evaluate WM microstructural integrity (1) between all healthy controls and all MDD participants, (2) between melancholic and nonmelancholic MDD participants, and (3) between each subgroup (melancholic and nonmelancholic) and controls. Significant WM integrity deficits were seen only for the melancholic MDD participants compared with controls. Compared with controls, melancholic participants showed an average reduction of 7.8% in fractional anisotropy over WM regions associated with the limbic system, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, thalamic projection fibers, corpus callosum, and other association fibers. These fractional anisotropy deficits were also associated with decreased axial and increased radial diffusivity in these WM regions, suggesting a pattern of decreased myelination or other degeneration change. Our findings of WM structural abnormalities associated with the limbic system, the frontal cortex, and the thalamus support the prevailing theory of limbic-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex-thalamic dysfunction in depression. Our results also suggest that these deficits are most prominent in the melancholic subtype of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuresh S Korgaonkar
- The Brain Dynamics Centre, University of Sydney Medical School and Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
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Understanding vulnerability for depression from a cognitive neuroscience perspective: A reappraisal of attentional factors and a new conceptual framework. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2010; 10:50-70. [PMID: 20233955 DOI: 10.3758/cabn.10.1.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 367] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We propose a framework to understand increases in vulnerability for depression after recurrent episodes that links attention processes and schema activation to negative mood states, by integrating cognitive and neurobiological findings. Depression is characterized by a mood-congruent attentional bias at later stages of information processing. The basic idea of our framework is that decreased activity in prefrontal areas, mediated by the serotonin metabolism which the HPA axis controls, is associated with an impaired attenuation of subcortical regions, resulting in prolonged activation of the amygdala in response to stressors in the environment. Reduced prefrontal control in interaction with depressogenic schemas leads to impaired ability to exert attentional inhibitory control over negative elaborative processes such as rumination, leading in turn to sustained negative affect. These elaborative processes are triggered by the activation of negative schemas after confrontation with stressors. In our framework, attentional impairments are postulated as a crucial process in explaining the increasing vulnerability after depressive episodes, linking cognitive and biological vulnerability factors. We review the empirical data on the biological factors associated with the attentional impairments and detail how they are associated with rumination and mood regulation. The aim of our framework is to stimulate translational research.
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