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Ribolsi M, Prosperi Porta D, Sacco R, Di Lorenzo G, Fiori Nastro F, Albergo G, Di Lazzaro V, Costa A. Psychopathological characteristics in ultra-high risk for psychosis with and without comorbid ADHD. Early Interv Psychiatry 2024; 18:578-582. [PMID: 38690753 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
AIM This study investigates the psychopathological characteristics of a sample of individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis with and without comorbid attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS Twenty-eight subjects (aged 13-21 years; 13 females) with attenuated psychosis syndrome (APS) were recruited in a cross-sectional study and divided into two groups, each with 14 patients, according to the presence or absence of ADHD. RESULTS The APS group showed a significantly higher prevalence of negative symptoms than the APS + ADHD group. Other characteristics investigated (positive symptoms, aberrant salience, psychotic-like experiences and prodromal symptoms) did not differ between groups. CONCLUSIONS The different profiles of negative symptoms in the APS with or without ADHD might suggest the presence of a specific subtype among individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis. Longitudinal studies with larger samples will provide information about the role of negative symptoms in determining conversion to full psychosis in those people with 'pure' APS and those with APS + ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Ribolsi
- Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, Neurobiology and Psychiatry, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Clinico Interuniversitario - Consorzio Universitario Humanitas, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Prosperi Porta
- Chair of Psychiatry, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Sacco
- Unit of Child & Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Di Lorenzo
- Chair of Psychiatry, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Fiori Nastro
- Chair of Psychiatry, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuliano Albergo
- Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, Neurobiology and Psychiatry, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Lazzaro
- Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, Neurobiology and Psychiatry, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Costa
- Unit of Child & Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Deloulme JC, Leclercq M, Deschaux O, Flore G, Capellano L, Tocco C, Braz BY, Studer M, Lahrech H. Structural interhemispheric connectivity defects in mouse models of BBSOAS: Insights from high spatial resolution 3D white matter tractography. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 193:106455. [PMID: 38408685 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
White matter (WM) tract formation and axonal pathfinding are major processes in brain development allowing to establish precise connections between targeted structures. Disruptions in axon pathfinding and connectivity impairments will lead to neural circuitry abnormalities, often associated with various neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). Among several neuroimaging methodologies, Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique that has the advantage of visualizing in 3D the WM tractography of the whole brain non-invasively. DTI is particularly valuable in unpinning structural tract connectivity defects of neural networks in NDDs. In this study, we used 3D DTI to unveil brain-specific tract defects in two mouse models lacking the Nr2f1 gene, which mutations in patients have been proven to cause an emerging NDD, called Bosch-Boonstra-Schaaf Optic Atrophy (BBSOAS). We aimed to investigate the impact of the lack of cortical Nr2f1 function on WM morphometry and tract microstructure quantifications. We found in both mutant mice partial loss of fibers and severe misrouting of the two major cortical commissural tracts, the corpus callosum, and the anterior commissure, as well as the two major hippocampal efferent tracts, the post-commissural fornix, and the ventral hippocampal commissure. DTI tract malformations were supported by 2D histology, 3D fluorescent imaging, and behavioral analyses. We propose that these interhemispheric connectivity impairments are consistent in explaining some cognitive defects described in BBSOAS patients, particularly altered information processing between the two brain hemispheres. Finally, our results highlight 3DDTI as a relevant neuroimaging modality that can provide appropriate morphometric biomarkers for further diagnosis of BBSOAS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Olivier Deschaux
- University Côte d'Azur (UCA), CNRS, Inserm, Institute of Biology Valrose (iBV), Nice, France
| | - Gemma Flore
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati Traverso", CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | - Laetitia Capellano
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institute Neurosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Chiara Tocco
- University Côte d'Azur (UCA), CNRS, Inserm, Institute of Biology Valrose (iBV), Nice, France
| | - Barbara Yael Braz
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institute Neurosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Michèle Studer
- University Côte d'Azur (UCA), CNRS, Inserm, Institute of Biology Valrose (iBV), Nice, France.
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3
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Burke T, Holleran L, Mothersill D, Lyons J, O'Rourke N, Gleeson C, Cannon DM, McKernan DP, Morris DW, Kelly JP, Hallahan B, McDonald C, Donohoe G. Bilateral anterior corona radiata microstructure organisation relates to impaired social cognition in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2023; 262:87-94. [PMID: 37931564 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Corona Radiata (CR) is a large white matter tract in the brain comprising of the anterior CR (aCR), superior CR (sCR), and posterior CR (pCR), which have associations with cognition, self-regulation, and, in schizophrenia, positive symptom severity. This study tested the hypothesis that the microstructural organisation of the aCR, as measured by Fractional Anisotropy (FA) using Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI), would relate to poorer social cognitive outcomes and higher positive symptom severity for people with schizophrenia, when compared to healthy participants. We further hypothesised that increased positive symptoms would relate to poorer social cognitive outcomes. METHODS Data were derived from n = 178 healthy participants (41 % females; 36.11 ± 12.36 years) and 58 people with schizophrenia (30 % females; 42.4 ± 11.1 years). The Positive and Negative Symptom Severity Scale measured clinical symptom severity. Social Cognition was measured using the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) Total Score, as well as the Positive, Neutral, and Negative stimuli valence. The ENIGMA-DTI protocol tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) was used. RESULTS There was a significant difference in FA for the CR, in individuals with schizophrenia compared to healthy participants. On stratification, both the aCR and pCR were significantly different between groups, with patients showing reduced white matter tract microstructural organisation. Significant negative correlations were observed between positive symptomatology and reduced microstructural organisation of the aCR. Performance for RMET negative valence items was significantly correlated bilaterally with the aCR, but not the sCR or pCR, and no relationship to positive symptoms was observed. CONCLUSIONS These data highlight specific and significant microstructural white-matter differences for people with schizophrenia, which relates to positive clinical symptomology and poorer performance on social cognition stimuli. While reduced FA is associated with higher positive symptomatology in schizophrenia, this study shows the specific associated with anterior frontal white matter tracts and reduced social cognitive performance. The aCR may have a specific role to play in frontal-disconnection syndromes, psychosis, and social cognitive profile within schizophrenia, though further research requires more sensitive, specific, and detailed consideration of social cognition outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Burke
- School of Psychology, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Center for Neuroimaging Cognition and Genomics, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Laurena Holleran
- School of Psychology, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Center for Neuroimaging Cognition and Genomics, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - David Mothersill
- School of Psychology, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Center for Neuroimaging Cognition and Genomics, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Psychology Department, School of Business, National College of, Ireland
| | - James Lyons
- School of Psychology, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Center for Neuroimaging Cognition and Genomics, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Nathan O'Rourke
- School of Psychology, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Center for Neuroimaging Cognition and Genomics, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Christina Gleeson
- School of Psychology, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Center for Neuroimaging Cognition and Genomics, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Dara M Cannon
- Center for Neuroimaging Cognition and Genomics, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Declan P McKernan
- Pharmacology & Therapeutics and Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 W5P7 Galway, Ireland
| | - Derek W Morris
- Center for Neuroimaging Cognition and Genomics, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - John P Kelly
- Pharmacology & Therapeutics and Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 W5P7 Galway, Ireland
| | - Brian Hallahan
- Center for Neuroimaging Cognition and Genomics, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Science Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Colm McDonald
- Center for Neuroimaging Cognition and Genomics, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Science Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Gary Donohoe
- School of Psychology, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Center for Neuroimaging Cognition and Genomics, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.
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Parlatini V, Itahashi T, Lee Y, Liu S, Nguyen TT, Aoki YY, Forkel SJ, Catani M, Rubia K, Zhou JH, Murphy DG, Cortese S. White matter alterations in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): a systematic review of 129 diffusion imaging studies with meta-analysis. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:4098-4123. [PMID: 37479785 PMCID: PMC10827669 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02173-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant anatomical brain connections in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are reported inconsistently across diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) studies. Based on a pre-registered protocol (Prospero: CRD42021259192), we searched PubMed, Ovid, and Web of Knowledge until 26/03/2022 to conduct a systematic review of DWI studies. We performed a quality assessment based on imaging acquisition, preprocessing, and analysis. Using signed differential mapping, we meta-analyzed a subset of the retrieved studies amenable to quantitative evidence synthesis, i.e., tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) studies, in individuals of any age and, separately, in children, adults, and high-quality datasets. Finally, we conducted meta-regressions to test the effect of age, sex, and medication-naïvety. We included 129 studies (6739 ADHD participants and 6476 controls), of which 25 TBSS studies provided peak coordinates for case-control differences in fractional anisotropy (FA)(32 datasets) and 18 in mean diffusivity (MD)(23 datasets). The systematic review highlighted white matter alterations (especially reduced FA) in projection, commissural and association pathways of individuals with ADHD, which were associated with symptom severity and cognitive deficits. The meta-analysis showed a consistent reduced FA in the splenium and body of the corpus callosum, extending to the cingulum. Lower FA was related to older age, and case-control differences did not survive in the pediatric meta-analysis. About 68% of studies were of low quality, mainly due to acquisitions with non-isotropic voxels or lack of motion correction; and the sensitivity analysis in high-quality datasets yielded no significant results. Findings suggest prominent alterations in posterior interhemispheric connections subserving cognitive and motor functions affected in ADHD, although these might be influenced by non-optimal acquisition parameters/preprocessing. Absence of findings in children may be related to the late development of callosal fibers, which may enhance case-control differences in adulthood. Clinicodemographic and methodological differences were major barriers to consistency and comparability among studies, and should be addressed in future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Parlatini
- Sackler Institute of Translational Neurodevelopment, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, SE5 8AF, London, UK.
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, SE5 8AF, London, UK.
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, SE5 8AF, London, UK.
| | - Takashi Itahashi
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University, 6-11-11 Kita-karasuyama, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yeji Lee
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, SE5 8AF, London, UK
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Siwei Liu
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thuan T Nguyen
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuta Y Aoki
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University, 6-11-11 Kita-karasuyama, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Aoki Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Stephanie J Forkel
- Donders Centre for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Brain Connectivity and Behaviour Laboratory, Sorbonne Universities, Paris, France
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Technical University of Munich School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Marco Catani
- Sackler Institute of Translational Neurodevelopment, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, SE5 8AF, London, UK
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, SE5 8AF, London, UK
| | - Katya Rubia
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, SE5 8AF, London, UK
| | - Juan H Zhou
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Declan G Murphy
- Sackler Institute of Translational Neurodevelopment, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, SE5 8AF, London, UK
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, SE5 8AF, London, UK
| | - Samuele Cortese
- Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, School of Psychology, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences (CNS and Psychiatry), Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Solent NHS Trust, Southampton, UK
- Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York University Child Study Center, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Saglam Y, Oz A, Yildiz G, Ermis C, Kargin OA, Arslan S, Karacetin G. Can diffusion tensor imaging have a diagnostic utility to differentiate early-onset forms of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia: A neuroimaging study with explainable machine learning algorithms. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2023; 335:111696. [PMID: 37595386 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2023.111696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Accurate diagnosis of early-onset psychotic disorders is crucial to improve clinical outcomes. This study aimed to differentiate patients with early-onset schizophrenia (EOS) from early-onset bipolar disorder (EBD) with machine learning (ML) algorithms using white matter tracts (WMT). METHOD Diffusion tensor imaging was obtained from adolescents with either EOS (n = 43) or EBD (n = 32). Global probabilistic tractography using an automated tract-based TRACULA software was performed to analyze the fractional anisotropy (FA) of forty-two WMT. The nested cross-validation was performed in feature selection and model construction. EXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) was applied to select the features that can give the best performance in the ML model. The interpretability of the model was explored with the SHApley Additive exPlanations (SHAP). FINDINGS The XGBoost algorithm identified nine out of the 42 major WMTs with significant predictive power. Among ML models, Support Vector Machine-Linear showed the best performance. Higher SHAP values of left acoustic radiation, bilateral anterior thalamic radiation, and the corpus callosum were associated with a higher likelihood of EOS. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that ML models based on the FA values of major WMT reconstructed by global probabilistic tractography can unveil hidden microstructural aberrations to distinguish EOS from EBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesim Saglam
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Health Sciences, Bakirkoy Prof Dr Mazhar Osman Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ahmet Oz
- Department of Radiology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gokcen Yildiz
- Department of Radiology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cagatay Ermis
- Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Department of Child Psychiatry, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Osman Aykan Kargin
- Department of Radiology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serdar Arslan
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gul Karacetin
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Health Sciences, Bakirkoy Prof Dr Mazhar Osman Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey
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6
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Helwegen K, Libedinsky I, van den Heuvel MP. Statistical power in network neuroscience. Trends Cogn Sci 2023; 27:282-301. [PMID: 36725422 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2022.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Network neuroscience has emerged as a leading method to study brain connectivity. The success of these investigations is dependent not only on approaches to accurately map connectivity but also on the ability to detect real effects in the data - that is, statistical power. We review the state of statistical power in the field and discuss sample size, effect size, measurement error, and network topology as key factors that influence the power of brain connectivity investigations. We use the term 'differential power' to describe how power can vary between nodes, edges, and graph metrics, leaving traces in both positive and negative connectome findings. We conclude with strategies for working with, rather than around, power in connectivity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen Helwegen
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ilan Libedinsky
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn P van den Heuvel
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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7
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White matter microstructure of superior longitudinal fasciculus II is associated with intelligence and treatment response of negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. SCHIZOPHRENIA 2022; 8:43. [PMID: 35853887 PMCID: PMC9262917 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-022-00253-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although the potential role of superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) in intellectual deficits and treatment response (TR) in patients with schizophrenia (SZ) has been previously described, little is known about the white-matter (WM) integrity of SLF subcomponents (SLF I, II, III, and arcuate fasciculus) and their particular relationships with the clinical presentations of the illness. This study examined the associations between fractional anisotropy (FA) of SLF subcomponents and intelligence level and 6-month treatment response (TR) of negative symptoms (NS) in patients with SZ. At baseline, 101 patients with SZ and 101 healthy controls (HCs) underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging. Voxel-wise group comparison analysis showed significant SLF FA reductions in patients with SZ compared with HCs. Voxel-wise correlation analyses revealed significant positive correlations of FAs of right SLF II with Korean–Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale at baseline and the percentage reduction of negative syndrome subscale of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scales at 6 months. These findings suggest that aberrance in WM microstructure in SLF II may be associated with intellectual deficits in patients with SZ and TR of NS, which may support the potential role of SLF II as a novel neuroimaging biomarker for clinical outcomes of the illness.
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Association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptom severity and white matter integrity moderated by in-scanner head motion. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:434. [PMID: 36202807 PMCID: PMC9537185 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02117-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common and debilitating neurodevelopmental disorder associated with various negative life impacts. The manifestation of ADHD is very heterogeneous, and previous investigations on neuroanatomical alterations in ADHD have yielded inconsistent results. We investigated the mediating effect of in-scanner head motion and ADHD hyperactivity severity on motion-corrected fractional anisotropy (FA) using diffusion tensor imaging in the currently largest sample (n = 739) of medication-naïve children and adolescents (age range 5-22 years). We used automated tractography to examine whole-brain and mean FA of the tracts most frequently reported in ADHD; corpus callosum forceps major and forceps minor, left and right superior-longitudinal fasciculus, and left and right corticospinal tract (CST). Associations between FA and hyperactivity severity appeared when in-scanner head motion was not accounted for as mediator. However, causal mediation analysis revealed that these effects are fully mediated through in-scanner head motion for whole-brain FA, the corpus callosum forceps minor, and left superior-longitudinal fasciculus. Direct effect of hyperactivity severity on FA was only found for the left CST. This study illustrates the crucial role of in-scanner head motion in the identification of white matter integrity alterations in ADHD and shows how neglecting irremediable motion artifacts causes spurious findings. When the mediating effect of in-scanner head motion on FA is accounted for, an association between hyperactivity severity and FA is only present for the left CST; this may play a crucial role in the manifestation of hyperactivity and impulsivity symptoms in ADHD.
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Ming Q, Zhang J, Cheng C, Dong D, Sun X, Zhong X, Chen W, Yao S. Trait-like white matter abnormalities in current and remitted depression. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2022; 326:111544. [PMID: 36137479 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2022.111544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Microstructural alterations to white matter (WM) have been implicated in the onset and recurrence of major depressive disorder (MDD). The present study aimed to identify trait-like WM abnormality in current and remitted depression, as well as changes to WM that could be specifically related to the state of clinical remission. Diffusion tensor imaging data were collected from 60 patients with medication-naive first episode current depression (cMDD), 41 patients with medication-naive remitted depression (rMDD), and 62 demographically-matched healthy control participants (HCs). Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) applied to the whole brain were used to detect microstructural differences of WM among the three groups. TBSS analyses showed that, compared with HCs, both the cMDD and rMDD groups exhibited significantly reduced FA values in the genus and body of the corpus callosum, and superior and anterior corona radiata, with no significant differences between the cMDD and rMDD groups. FA values in the corpus callosum were negatively correlated with the duration of illness in the rMDD group. Reduced WM integrity in the corpus callosum and corona radiata might reflect the trait markers of MDD, and could constitute a neuroanatomical marker of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsen Ming
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215137, China
| | - Chang Cheng
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Daifeng Dong
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Sun
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Xue Zhong
- School of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Shuqiao Yao
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
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10
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Zhao Y, Yang L, Gong G, Cao Q, Liu J. Identify aberrant white matter microstructure in ASD, ADHD and other neurodevelopmental disorders: A meta-analysis of diffusion tensor imaging studies. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022; 113:110477. [PMID: 34798202 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) usually present overlapping symptoms. Abnormal white matter (WM) microstructure has been found in these disorders. Identification of common and unique neural abnormalities across NDDs could provide further insight into the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. METHODS We performed a voxel-based meta-analysis of whole-brain diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and other NDDs. A systematic literature search was conducted through March 2020 to identify studies that compared measures of WM microstructure between patients with NDDs and neurotypical controls. Peak voxel coordinates were meta-analyzed via anisotropic effect size-signed differential mapping (AES-SDM) as well as activation likelihood estimation (ALE). RESULTS Our final sample included a total of 4137 subjects from 66 studies across five NDDs. Fractional anisotropy (FA) reductions were found in the splenium of the CC in ADHD, and the genu and splenium of CC in ASD. And mean diffusivity (MD) increases were shown in posterior thalamic radiation in ASD. No consistent abnormalities were detected in specific learning disorder, motor disorder or communication disorder. Significant differences between child/adolescent and adult patients were found within the CC across NDDs, reflective of aberrant neurodevelopmental processes in NDDs. CONCLUSIONS The current study demonstrated atypical WM patterns in ASD, ADHD and other NDDs. Microstructural abnormalities in the splenium of the CC were possibly shared among ASD and ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilu Zhao
- The Peking University Sixth Hospital (Institute of Mental Health), National Clinical Research Centre for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Li Yang
- The Peking University Sixth Hospital (Institute of Mental Health), National Clinical Research Centre for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Gaolang Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingjiu Cao
- The Peking University Sixth Hospital (Institute of Mental Health), National Clinical Research Centre for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, (Peking University), Beijing, China.
| | - Jing Liu
- The Peking University Sixth Hospital (Institute of Mental Health), National Clinical Research Centre for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, (Peking University), Beijing, China.
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11
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Connaughton M, Whelan R, O'Hanlon E, McGrath J. White matter microstructure in children and adolescents with ADHD. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 33:102957. [PMID: 35149304 PMCID: PMC8842077 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.102957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A systematic review of diffusion MRI studies in children and adolescents with ADHD. 46 studies included, encompassing multiple diffusion MRI techniques. Reduced white matter microstructure was reported in several studies. Mixed evidence linking white matter differences with specific cognitive processes. Common limitations included sample size, head motion and medication status.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder. Advances in diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) acquisition sequences and analytic techniques have led to growing body of evidence that abnormal white matter microstructure is a core pathophysiological feature of ADHD. This systematic review provides a qualitative assessment of research investigating microstructural organisation of white matter amongst children and adolescents with ADHD. This review included 46 studies in total, encompassing multiple diffusion MRI imaging techniques and analytic approaches, including whole-brain, region of interest and connectomic analyses. Whole-brain and region of interest analyses described atypical organisation of white matter microstructure in several white matter tracts: most notably in frontostriatal tracts, corpus callosum, superior longitudinal fasciculus, cingulum bundle, thalamic radiations, internal capsule and corona radiata. Connectomic analyses, including graph theory approaches, demonstrated global underconnectivity in connections between functionally specialised networks. Although some studies reported significant correlations between atypical white matter microstructure and ADHD symptoms or other behavioural measures there was no clear pattern of results. Interestingly however, many of the findings of disrupted white matter microstructure were in neural networks associated with key neuropsychological functions that are atypical in ADHD. Limitations to the extant research are outlined in this review and future studies in this area should carefully consider factors such as sample size, sex balance, head motion and medication status.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Whelan
- Dept of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; School of Psychology, Trinity Dublin, Ireland
| | - Erik O'Hanlon
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity Dublin, Ireland; Dept of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jane McGrath
- Dept of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
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12
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Luttenbacher I, Phillips A, Kazemi R, Hadipour AL, Sanghvi I, Martinez J, Adamson MM. Transdiagnostic role of glutamate and white matter damage in neuropsychiatric disorders: A Systematic Review. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 147:324-348. [PMID: 35151030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders including generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD), and schizophrenia (SZ) have been considered distinct categories of diseases despite their overlapping characteristics and symptomatology. We aimed to provide an in-depth review elucidating the role of glutamate/Glx and white matter (WM) abnormalities in these disorders from a transdiagnostic perspective. The PubMed online database was searched for studies published between 2010 and 2021. After careful screening, 401 studies were included. The findings point to decreased levels of glutamate in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex in both SZ and BD, whereas Glx is elevated in the Hippocampus in SZ and MDD. With regard to WM abnormalities, the Corpus Callosum and superior Longitudinal Fascicle were the most consistently identified brain regions showing decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) across all the reviewed disorders, except GAD. Additionally, the Uncinate Fasciculus displayed decreased FA in all disorders, except OCD. Decreased FA was also found in the inferior Longitudinal Fasciculus, inferior Fronto-Occipital Fasciculus, Thalamic Radiation, and Corona Radiata in SZ, BD, and MDD. Decreased FA in the Fornix and Corticospinal Tract were found in BD and SZ patients. The Cingulum and Anterior Limb of Internal Capsule exhibited decreased FA in MDD and SZ patients. The results suggest a gradual increase in severity from GAD to SZ defined by the number of brain regions with WM abnormality which may be partially caused by abnormal glutamate levels. WM damage could thus be considered a potential marker of some of the main neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Luttenbacher
- Department of Social & Behavioral Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Rehabilitation Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Angela Phillips
- Rehabilitation Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Reza Kazemi
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abed L Hadipour
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Isha Sanghvi
- Rehabilitation Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Julian Martinez
- Rehabilitation Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Maheen M Adamson
- Rehabilitation Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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13
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Wei Y, Wang C, Liu J, Miao P, Wei S, Wang Y, Wu L, Xu B, Han S, Wei Y, Wang K, Cheng J. Widespread White Matter Microstructure Alterations Based on Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging in Patients With Pontine Infarction. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 13:758236. [PMID: 34975452 PMCID: PMC8714656 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.758236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological deficits after stroke are closely related to white matter microstructure damage. However, secondary changes in white matter microstructure after pontine infarction (PI) in the whole brain remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the correlation of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI)-derived diffusion and kurtosis parameters of abnormal white matter tracts with behavioral function in patients with chronic PI. Overall, 60 patients with unilateral chronic PI (33 patients with left PI and 27 patients with right PI) and 30 normal subjects were recruited and underwent DKI scans. Diffusion parameters derived from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and DKI and kurtosis parameters derived from DKI were obtained. Between-group differences in multiple parameters were analyzed to assess the changes in abnormal white matter microstructure. Moreover, we also calculated the sensitivities of different diffusion and kurtosis parameters of DTI and DKI for identifying abnormal white matter tracts. Correlations between the DKI-derived parameters in secondary microstructure changes and behavioral scores in the PI were analyzed. Compared with the NC group, both left PI and right PI groups showed more extensive perilesional and remote white matter microstructure changes. The DKI-derived diffusion parameters showed higher sensitivities than did the DTI-derived parameters. Further, DKI-derived diffusion and kurtosis parameters in abnormal white matter regions were correlated with impaired motor and cognitive function in patients with PI. In conclusion, PI could lead to extensive white matter tracts impairment in perilesional and remote regions. Further, the diffusion and kurtosis parameters could be complementary for identifying comprehensive tissue microstructural damage after PI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wei
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Caihong Wang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingchun Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Tianjin, China
| | - Peifang Miao
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sen Wei
- Department of Neuro-Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Luobing Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Boyan Xu
- Beijing Intelligent Brain Cloud, Inc., Beijing, China
| | - Shaoqiang Han
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yarui Wei
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kaiyu Wang
- GE Healthcare MR Research, Beijing, China
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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14
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Graziano PA, Garic D, Dick AS. Individual differences in white matter of the uncinate fasciculus and inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus: possible early biomarkers for callous-unemotional behaviors in young children with disruptive behavior problems. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2022; 63:19-33. [PMID: 34038983 PMCID: PMC9104515 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Callous-unemotional (CU) behaviors are important for identifying severe patterns of conduct problems (CP). One major fiber tract implicated in the development of CP is the uncinate fasciculus (UF), which connects amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). The goals of the current study were to (a) explore differences in the white matter microstructure in the UF and other major fiber tracks between young typically developing (TD) children and those with a disruptive behavior disorder (DBD) and (b) explore, within the DBD group, whether individual differences in these white matter tracts relate to co-occurring CP and CU behaviors. METHODS Participants included 198 young children (69% boys, Mage = 5.66 years; 80% Latinx; 48.5% TD). CU behaviors and CP were measured via a combination of teacher/parent ratings. Non-invasive diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) was used to measure fractional anisotropy (FA), an indirect indicator of white matter properties. RESULTS Relative to TD children, children in the DBD group had reduced FA on four out of the five fiber tracks we examined (except for cingulum and right ILF), even after accounting for whole brain FA, sex, movement, parental income, and IQ. Within the DBD group, no associations were found between CP and reduced white matter integrity across any of the fiber tracks examined. However, we found that even after accounting for CP, ADHD symptomology, and a host of covariates (whole brain FA, sex, movement, parental income, and IQ), CU behaviors were independently related to reduced FA in bilateral UF and left inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF) in the DBD group, but this was not the case for TD children. CONCLUSIONS Alterations in the white matter microstructure within bilateral UF and left IFOF may be biomarkers of CU behaviors, even in very young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo A. Graziano
- Department of Psychology Center for Children and Families Florida International University Miami FL USA
| | - Dea Garic
- Department of Psychology Center for Children and Families Florida International University Miami FL USA
| | - Anthony Steven Dick
- Department of Psychology Center for Children and Families Florida International University Miami FL USA
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15
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Chen S, Tang Y, Fan X, Qiao Y, Wang J, Wen H, Wang W, Wang H, Yang F, Sheng J. The role of white matter abnormality in the left anterior corona radiata: In relation to formal thought disorder in patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2022; 307:114302. [PMID: 34890908 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
White matter abnormality has been widely reported in patients with schizophrenia (Sz). However, few studies have focused on the relationship between the white matter deficit and formal thought disorder (FTD). Moreover, the role of genetic high risk in FTD-related white matter deficit remains unclear. The present study recruited 46 Sz patients, 18 unaffected first-degree relatives of Sz patients, and 29 healthy controls. There was a widespread fractional anisotropy (FA) reduction in Sz. In addition, reduced FA in the left anterior corona radiata was related to more severe FTD symptoms in Sz. However, the genetic high-risk group only showed lower mean FA in the left anterior limb of the internal capsule than healthy controls. Our findings suggest that abnormality in the left anterior corona radiata may only occur in Sz but not in the genetic high-risk group. Such an abnormality might be associated with the severity of FTD symptoms. Meanwhile, genetic vulnerability may contribute to the abnormality in the left anterior limb of the internal capsule. Better analytical methods are needed to validate our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yingying Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders,Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China; Department of EEG and Imaging, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xiaoduo Fan
- UMass Memorial Health Care & University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, United States
| | - Yi Qiao
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Jijun Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders,Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China; Department of EEG and Imaging, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Hun Wen
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Wenzheng Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Fuzhong Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Jianhua Sheng
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai 200030, China.
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16
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Xu F, Jin C, Zuo T, Wang R, Yang Y, Wang K. Segmental abnormalities of superior longitudinal fasciculus microstructure in patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: An automated fiber quantification tractography study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:999384. [PMID: 36561639 PMCID: PMC9766353 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.999384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) is a white matter (WM) tract that connects the frontal, parietal and temporal lobes. SLF integrity has been widely assessed in neuroimaging studies of psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia (SZ), bipolar disorder (BD), and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, prior studies have revealed inconsistent findings and comparisons across disorders have not been fully examined. METHODS Here, we obtained data for 113 patients (38 patients with SZ, 40 with BD, 35 with ADHD) and 94 healthy controls from the UCLA Consortium for Neuropsychiatric Phenomic LA5c dataset. We assessed the integrity of 20 major WM tracts with a novel segmentation method by automating fiber tract quantification (AFQ). The AFQ divides each tract into 100 equal parts along the direction of travel, with fractional anisotropy (FA) of each part taken as a characteristic. Differences in FA among the four groups were examined. RESULTS Compared to healthy controls, patients with SZ showed significantly lower FA in the second half (51-100 parts) of the SLF. No differences were found between BD and healthy controls, nor between ADHD and healthy controls. Results also demonstrated that patients with SZ showed FA reduction in the second half of the SLF relative to patients with BP. Moreover, greater FA in patients in SLF was positively correlated with the manic-hostility score of the Brief Psychiatry Rating scale. DISCUSSION These findings indicated that differences in focal changes in SLF might be a key neurobiological abnormality contributing to characterization of these psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyu Xu
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.,Shandong Mental Health Center, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chengliang Jin
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.,Shandong Mental Health Center, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tiantian Zuo
- Shandong Mental Health Center, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ruzhan Wang
- Shandong Mental Health Center, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Shandong Mental Health Center, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Kangcheng Wang
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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17
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Wu GR, Colenbier N, Van Den Bossche S, Clauw K, Johri A, Tandon M, Marinazzo D. rsHRF: A toolbox for resting-state HRF estimation and deconvolution. Neuroimage 2021; 244:118591. [PMID: 34560269 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The hemodynamic response function (HRF) greatly influences the intra- and inter-subject variability of brain activation and connectivity, and might confound the estimation of temporal precedence in connectivity analyses, making its estimation necessary for a correct interpretation of neuroimaging studies. Additionally, the HRF shape itself is a useful local measure. However, most algorithms for HRF estimation are specific for task-related fMRI data, and only a few can be directly applied to resting-state protocols. Here we introduce rsHRF, a Matlab and Python toolbox that implements HRF estimation and deconvolution from the resting-state BOLD signal. We first provide an overview of the main algorithm, practical implementations, and then demonstrate the feasibility and usefulness of rsHRF by validation experiments with a publicly available resting-state fMRI dataset. We also provide tools for statistical analyses and visualization. We believe that this toolbox may significantly contribute to a better analysis and understanding of the components and variability of BOLD signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Rong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Department of Data Analysis, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
| | - Nigel Colenbier
- Department of Data Analysis, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium; Research Center for Motor Control and Neuroplasticity, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium; Brain Imaging and Neural Dynamics Research Group, IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, Venice 30126, Italy
| | - Sofie Van Den Bossche
- Department of Data Analysis, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Kenzo Clauw
- Department of Data Analysis, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Amogh Johri
- International Institute of Information Technology, Bangalore 560100, India
| | - Madhur Tandon
- Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, Delhi 110020, India
| | - Daniele Marinazzo
- Department of Data Analysis, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium; Brain Imaging and Neural Dynamics Research Group, IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, Venice 30126, Italy
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18
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Madzime J, Cotton MF, Laughton B, van der Kouwe AJW, Meintjes EM, Jankiewicz M. Altered White Matter Tracts in the Somatosensory, Salience, Motor, and Default Mode Networks in 7-Year-Old Children Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Tractographic Analysis. Brain Connect 2021; 12:302-319. [PMID: 34107770 PMCID: PMC9131360 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2020.0948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Even with the increased access and early initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy, children with perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus (CPHIV) continue to demonstrate white matter alterations. Children perinatally HIV-exposed, but uninfected (CHEU) alike show differences in white matter integrity compared with children who are HIV-unexposed and uninfected (CHUU). Objectives: Mapping white matter connections that link gray matter regions that form resting-state (RS) functional networks may demonstrate whether structural and functional connectivity alterations in HIV infection and exposure may be related. We hypothesized reduced structural connectivity in CPHIV within the default mode network (DMN), visual, ventral DMN (vDMN), somatosensory, salience, auditory, motor, executive, basal ganglia, and posterior DMN (pDMN). We also hypothesized that CHEU will have increased structural connectivity compared with CHUU in the vDMN, somatosensory, pDMN, dorsal attention, salience, auditory, motor and basal ganglia. Methods: Study participants were 61 seven-year-old CPHIV and 46 age-matched children who are HIV uninfected (CHU) (19 CHEU). We used diffusion tensor imaging-based tractography to investigate white matter connections that link gray matter regions within RS functional networks. Results: We found altered white matter integrity in the somatosensory, salience, default mode, and motor networks of CPHIV compared with CHU. The superior temporal cortex, superior frontal cortex, and putamen were affected in all four networks and have also been reported to demonstrate morphological alterations in the same cohort. In CHEU, white matter integrity was higher in the visual network, pDMN, and motor network compared with CHUU. Conclusion: Our results suggest that altered white matter integrity may influence gray matter morphology and functional network alterations. Impact statement The long-term effects of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and exposure on the developing brain in the combination antiretroviral therapy era are still not well known. We use diffusion tensor imaging-based tractography to explore these effects on white matter connections that link gray matter regions within functional networks. Our findings provide a context for HIV-associated white matter and connectivity abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanah Madzime
- Biomedical Engineering Research Centre, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Neurosciences Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mark F Cotton
- Biomedical Engineering Research Centre, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Neurosciences Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Barbara Laughton
- Family Centre for Research with Ubuntu, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Andre J W van der Kouwe
- Biomedical Engineering Research Centre, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ernesta M Meintjes
- Biomedical Engineering Research Centre, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Neurosciences Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Cape Universities Body Imaging Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Marcin Jankiewicz
- Biomedical Engineering Research Centre, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Neurosciences Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Cape Universities Body Imaging Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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19
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Li D, Cui X, Yan T, Liu B, Zhang H, Xiang J, Wang B. Abnormal Rich Club Organization in Hemispheric White Matter Networks of ADHD. J Atten Disord 2021; 25:1215-1229. [PMID: 31884863 DOI: 10.1177/1087054719892887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Brain network studies have revealed abnormal topology asymmetry of white matter (WM) in ADHD. Recently, rich club organization was proposed to be a key feature of brain network topology. However, abnormalities in the rich club organization of hemispheric WM networks in ADHD remain unclear. Method: Forty ADHD patients and 51 normal controls participated in this study. Structural networks were reconstructed based on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and analyzed with graph theory. Results: The two groups exhibited different patterns of asymmetry in connectivity measures of rich club connections. ADHD patients showed more feeder connections than normal controls. Reduced rightward asymmetry was observed in connectivity measures of local connections involving several peripheral regions of the ADHD patients. In addition, abnormal regional asymmetry scores were associated with ADHD symptoms. Conclusion: The topological changes in rich club organization provide a novel insight into the alteration of WM connections in ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Li
- Taiyuan University of Technology, China
| | | | - Ting Yan
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Bo Liu
- First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jie Xiang
- Taiyuan University of Technology, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Taiyuan University of Technology, China
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20
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Detecting microstructural white matter abnormalities of frontal pathways in children with ADHD using advanced diffusion models. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 14:981-997. [PMID: 31041662 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-019-00108-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Studies using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) have documented alterations in the attention and executive system in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). While abnormalities in the frontal lobe have also been reported, the associated white matter fiber bundles have not been investigated comprehensively due to the complexity in tracing them through fiber crossings. Furthermore, most studies have used a non-specific DTI model to understand white matter abnormalities. We present results from a first study that uses a multi-shell diffusion MRI (dMRI) data set coupled with an advanced multi-fiber tractography algorithm to probe microstructural measures related to axonal/cellular density and volume of fronto-striato-thalamic pathways in children with ADHD (N = 30) and healthy controls (N = 28). Head motion was firstly examined as a priority in order to assure that no group difference existed. We investigated 45 different white matter fiber bundles in the brain. After correcting for multiple comparisons, we found lower axonal/cellular packing density and volume in ADHD children in 8 of the 45 fiber bundles, primarily in the right hemisphere as follows: 1) Superior longitudinal fasciculus-II (SLF-II) (right), 2) Thalamus to precentral gyrus (right), 3) Thalamus to superior-frontal gyrus (right), 4) Caudate to medial orbitofrontal gyrus (right), 5) Caudate to precentral gyrus (right), 6) Thalamus to paracentral gyrus (left), 7) Caudate to caudal middlefrontal gyrus (left), and 8) Cingulum (bilateral). Our results demonstrate reduced axonal/cellular density and volume in certain frontal lobe white matter fiber tracts, which sub-serve the attention function and executive control systems. Further, our work shows specific microstructural abnormalities in the striato-thalamo-cortical connections, which have not been previously reported in children with ADHD.
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Race, Socioeconomic Status, and Cerebellum Cortex Fractional Anisotropy in Pre-Adolescents. ADOLESCENTS 2021; 1:70-94. [PMID: 34095893 DOI: 10.3390/adolescents1020007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Cerebellum cortex fractional anisotropy is a proxy of the integrity of the cerebellum cortex. However, less is known about how it is shaped by race and socioeconomic status (SES) indicators such as parental education and household income. Purpose In a national sample of American pre-adolescents, this study had two aims: to test the effects of two SES indicators, namely parental education and household income, on cerebellum cortex fractional anisotropy, and to explore racial differences in these effects. Methods Using data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, we analyzed the diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging (dMRI) data of 9565, 9-10-year-old pre-adolescents. The main outcomes were cerebellum cortex fractional anisotropy separately calculated for right and left hemispheres using dMRI. The independent variables were parental education and household income; both treated as categorical variables. Age, sex, ethnicity, and family marital status were the covariates. Race was the moderator. To analyze the data, we used mixed-effects regression models without and with interaction terms. We controlled for propensity score and MRI device. Results High parental education and household income were associated with lower right and left cerebellum cortex fractional anisotropy. In the pooled sample, we found significant interactions between race and parental education and household income, suggesting that the effects of parental education and household income on the right and left cerebellum cortex fractional anisotropy are all significantly larger for White than for Black pre-adolescents. Conclusions The effects of SES indicators, namely parental education and household income, on pre-adolescents' cerebellum cortex microstructure and integrity are weaker in Black than in White families. This finding is in line with the Marginalization-related Diminished Returns (MDRs), defined as weaker effects of SES indicators for Blacks and other racial and minority groups than for Whites.
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22
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Ünsel-Bolat G, Baytunca MB, Kardaş B, İpçi M, İnci İzmir SB, Özyurt O, Çallı MC, Ercan ES. Diffusion tensor imaging findings in children with sluggish cognitive tempo comorbid Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Nord J Psychiatry 2020; 74:620-626. [PMID: 32543999 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2020.1772364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The construct of Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT) is characterized by daydreaming, mental confusion, staring blankly and hypoactivity. Our main goal was to explore neuropsychological differences in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder-Inattentive presentation (ADHD-IA) groups with and without SCT symptoms compared to healthy controls. After detecting specific neuropsychological differences, we examined white matter microstructure using Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) data obtained from 3.0 Tesla MRI scans of the cases with SCT symptoms comparing to Typically Developing (TD) controls.Method: In this study, we included 24 cases in the ADHD-IA group with SCT symptoms, 57 cases in the ADHD-IA group without SCT symptoms and, 24 children in the TD group. We applied tract-based spatial statistics to the DTI measures for obtaining fractional anisotropy (FA), axial, radial and mean diffusivity (AD, RD, MD) to explore white matter differences for the whole brain.Results: Omission error scores and longer reaction time scores were specifically associated with inattention symptoms. Commission error scores were significantly and specifically related to SCT symptoms. Cases with SCT symptoms presented increased FA in the bilateral anterior and posterior limb of the internal capsule, bilateral cerebral peduncle, and the fornix than TD group.Conclusions: Neurobiological differences in ADHD cases are still relatively unexplored. We suggest that including an assessment for SCT in the neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies of ADHD may provide more consistent results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gül Ünsel-Bolat
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | | | - Burcu Kardaş
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Gazi Yaşargil Education and Research Hospital, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Melis İpçi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Hasan Kalyoncu University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | | | - Onur Özyurt
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Cem Çallı
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Eyüp Sabri Ercan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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23
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Stephens K, Silk TJ, Anderson V, Hazell P, Enticott PG, Sciberras E. Associations Between Limbic System White Matter Structure and Socio-Emotional Functioning in Children with ADHD + ASD. J Autism Dev Disord 2020; 51:2663-2672. [PMID: 33043414 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-020-04738-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) combined with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms (ADHD + ASD) have poorer social and emotional functioning than those with ADHD alone. However, no studies have specifically examined the associations between ASD symptoms, measures of social and emotional functioning and limbic system white matter microstructure. Tractography on the cingulum, uncinate fasciculus and fornix were performed for 151 children with (N = 78) and without (N = 73) ADHD. Participants in the ADHD group who scored 11 or above on the Social Communication Questionnaire were classified as the ADHD + ASD group (N = 16). Significant differences in mean cingulum FA were present between the control group and the ADHD (all) group, however, no significant differences were seen between the ADHD and ADHD + ASD groups. Despite this, significant associations were seen between mean FA of the left cingulum and emotional problems for the ADHD + ASD group. Results give greater insights into the specific biological basis of emotional problems in the ADHD + ASD group, indicating that the cingulum may play a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Stephens
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Vic, Australia
| | - Timothy J Silk
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Vic, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Vicki Anderson
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Vic, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Vic, Australia
| | | | - Peter G Enticott
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Emma Sciberras
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia. .,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Vic, Australia. .,University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
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24
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Abnormalities of effective connectivity and white matter microstructure in the triple network in patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2020; 290:113019. [PMID: 32474067 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Disorganized communication among large-scale brain networks, especially in the salience network, default mode network and central executive network, have been consistently reported in schizophrenia (SZ) patients. However, abnormal patterns of the effective connectivity and abnormalities in the white matter of these networks remains unclear in patients with SZ. Fifty-six SZ patients and fifty-five healthy controls were enrolled in the present study and underwent resting state functional magnetic resonance and diffusion tensor imaging. Twelve main nodes within the triple networks were defined by independent components analysis. Effective connectivity between these main nodes was computed using Granger causality analysis. Voxel-based analysis of the diffusion tensor imaging data was conducted to explore white matter changes. The SZ patients showed abnormal effective connectivity between the anterior cingulate cortex and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. The abnormal white matter showed decreased fractional anisotropy localized in the bilateral anterior corona radiate and left superior long fasciculus in patients with SZ. These findings shed light on the importance of the triple network in the pathogenesis of SZ, which may facilitate the understanding of SZ.
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25
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Alterations in the fronto-limbic network and corpus callosum in borderline-personality disorder. Brain Cogn 2019; 138:103596. [PMID: 31877433 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2019.103596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuroimaging research provides evidence of grey matter changes in the prefrontal-limbic network in borderline personality disorder (BPD), yet research scarcely examines the white matter (WM) within this circuitry. The present study aimed to explore WM in prefrontal-limbic brain networks within BPD. Quantitative diffusion tensor imaging (DTI-MRI) measures of fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusion (MD) were used to analyze the neural pathways in fifteen individuals with BPD (M = 25, SD = 6.76), in comparison to thirteen healthy individuals (M = 27.92, SD = 8.41). Quantitative DTI-MRI measures of FA and MD were evaluated for the cingulum, the fornix, the corpus callosum (CC), the inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF), the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) and the uncinate fasciculus (UF). Lower FA values for both the left and the right cingulum, the genu, body, and splenium of the CC, left ILF and right SLF were found in BPD, compared to healthy individuals. MD values were higher for the genu and splenium of the CC in BPD. The findings indicate that a large-scale emotional brain network is affected in BPD with alterations in MD and FA of WM prefrontal-limbic pathways of the heteromodal association cortex involved in emotion processing and emotion regulation.
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26
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O’Neill J, O’Connor MJ, Yee V, Ly R, Narr K, Alger JR, Levitt JG. Differential neuroimaging indices in prefrontal white matter in prenatal alcohol-associated ADHD versus idiopathic ADHD. Birth Defects Res 2019; 111:797-811. [PMID: 30694611 PMCID: PMC6650301 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is common in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) but also in patients without prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE). Many patients diagnosed with idiopathic ADHD may actually have ADHD and covert PAE, a treatment-relevant distinction. METHODS We compared proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI; N = 44) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI; N = 46) of the anterior corona radiata (ACR)-a key fiber tract in models of ADHD-at 1.5 T in children with ADHD with PAE (ADHD+PAE), children with ADHD without PAE (ADHD-PAE), children without ADHD with PAE (non-ADHD+PAE), and children with neither ADHD nor PAE (non-ADHD-PAE, i.e., typically developing controls). Levels of choline-compounds (Cho) were the main MRSI endpoint, given interest in dietary choline for FASD; the main DTI endpoint was fractional anisotropy (FA), as ACR FA may reflect ADHD-relevant executive control functions. RESULTS For ACR Cho, there was an ADHD-by-PAE interaction (p = 0.038) whereby ACR Cho was 26.7% lower in ADHD+PAE than in ADHD-PAE children (p < 0.0005), but there was no significant ACR Cho difference between non-ADHD+PAE and non-ADHD-PAE children. Voxelwise false-discovery rate (FDR)-corrected analysis of DTI revealed significantly (q ≤ 0.0101-0.05) lower FA in ACR for subjects with PAE (ADHD+PAE or non-ADHD+PAE) than for subjects without PAE (ADHD-PAE or non-ADHD-PAE). There was no significant effect of ADHD on FA. Thus, in overlapping samples, effects of PAE on Cho and FA were observed in the same white-matter tract. CONCLUSIONS These findings point to tract focal, white-matter pathology possibly specific for ADHD+PAE subjects. Low Cho may derive from abnormal choline metabolism; low FA suggests suboptimal white-matter integrity in PAE. More advanced MRSI and DTI-and neurocognitive assessments-may better distinguish ADHD+PAE from ADHD-PAE, helping identify covert cases of FASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph O’Neill
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, UCLA Semel institute for Neuroscience, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Mary J. O’Connor
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, UCLA Semel institute for Neuroscience, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Victor Yee
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, UCLA Semel institute for Neuroscience, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Ronald Ly
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, UCLA Semel institute for Neuroscience, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Jeffrey R. Alger
- Department of Neurology, UCLA Los Angeles, CA
- Neurospectroscopics, Inc., Encino, CA
| | - Jennifer G. Levitt
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, UCLA Semel institute for Neuroscience, Los Angeles, CA
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Sachnev V, Suresh S, Sundararajan N, Mahanand BS, Azeem MW, Saraswathi S. Multi-Region Risk-Sensitive Cognitive Ensembler for Accurate Detection of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Cognit Comput 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12559-019-09636-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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28
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Aschbacher K, Mellon SH, Wolkowitz OM, Henn-Haase C, Yehuda R, Flory JD, Bierer LM, Abu-Amara D, Marmar CR, Mueller SG. Posttraumatic stress disorder, symptoms, and white matter abnormalities among combat-exposed veterans. Brain Imaging Behav 2019; 12:989-999. [PMID: 28823023 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-017-9759-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with abnormalities in functional connectivity of a specific cortico-limbic network; however, less is known about white matter abnormalities providing structural connections for this network. This study investigated whether the diagnosis and symptoms of PTSD are associated with alterations in fractional anisotropy (FA), an index reflecting white matter organization, across six, a priori-defined tracts. White matter FA was quantified by diffusion tensor imaging using 3 T-MRI among 57 male, combat-exposed veterans with no history of moderate to severe head injuries or current alcohol dependence: 31 met criteria for PTSD and 26 were demographically comparable, combat-exposed controls without PTSD. Clinician-administered and self-report questionnaires assessed PTSD severity, dissociation, and mood. PTSD + veterans had significantly higher FA than exposed controls in the superior fronto-occipital fasciculus (SFOF) and borderline higher FA in the anterior corona radiata (ACR) and cingulum (CGC), controlling for age and neurovascular comorbidities. When lifetime alcohol use disorders was included, only the association of PTSD with SFOF-FA remained significant. Among PTSD + veterans, higher SFOF-FA was associated with greater mood disturbance, dissociative symptoms, and re-experiencing, while lower FA of the uncinate fasciculus (UF) was associated with greater mood disturbance symptoms. Compared to combat-exposed controls without PTSD, veterans with PTSD exhibited higher white matter FA in the SFOF, and a similar tendency in the ACR and CGC, tracts involved in conflict-processing and spatial attention. Prior alcohol use might explain the associations of PTSD with ACR-FA and CGC-FA but not the association with SFOF-FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstin Aschbacher
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, 555 Mission Bay Blvd South, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, 3333 California Street, San Francisco, CA, 94118, USA. .,The Institute for Integrative Health, 1407 Fleet Street, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.
| | - Synthia H Mellon
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Owen M Wolkowitz
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, 555 Mission Bay Blvd South, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Clare Henn-Haase
- Stephen and Alexandra Cohen Veterans Center, Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, 550 1st Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Rachel Yehuda
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai/James J. Peters Veterans Administration Medical Center, 130 W Kingsbridge Rd, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
| | - Janine D Flory
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai/James J. Peters Veterans Administration Medical Center, 130 W Kingsbridge Rd, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
| | - Linda M Bierer
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai/James J. Peters Veterans Administration Medical Center, 130 W Kingsbridge Rd, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
| | - Duna Abu-Amara
- Stephen and Alexandra Cohen Veterans Center, Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, 550 1st Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Charles R Marmar
- Stephen and Alexandra Cohen Veterans Center, Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, 550 1st Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Susanne G Mueller
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA, 94121, USA
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Bubb EJ, Metzler-Baddeley C, Aggleton JP. The cingulum bundle: Anatomy, function, and dysfunction. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 92:104-127. [PMID: 29753752 PMCID: PMC6090091 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 417] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The cingulum bundle is a prominent white matter tract that interconnects frontal, parietal, and medial temporal sites, while also linking subcortical nuclei to the cingulate gyrus. Despite its apparent continuity, the cingulum's composition continually changes as fibres join and leave the bundle. To help understand its complex structure, this review begins with detailed, comparative descriptions of the multiple connections comprising the cingulum bundle. Next, the impact of cingulum bundle damage in rats, monkeys, and humans is analysed. Despite causing extensive anatomical disconnections, cingulum bundle lesions typically produce only mild deficits, highlighting the importance of parallel pathways and the distributed nature of its various functions. Meanwhile, non-invasive imaging implicates the cingulum bundle in executive control, emotion, pain (dorsal cingulum), and episodic memory (parahippocampal cingulum), while clinical studies reveal cingulum abnormalities in numerous conditions, including schizophrenia, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, autism spectrum disorder, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Alzheimer's disease. Understanding the seemingly diverse contributions of the cingulum will require better ways of isolating pathways within this highly complex tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J Bubb
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, 70 Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, Wales, UK
| | | | - John P Aggleton
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, 70 Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, Wales, UK.
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Abstract
We are delighted to dedicate an edition of the Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine to the topic of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). ADHD accounts for the majority of clinical presentations to Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, both in terms of new assessments and ongoing attendances. Papers presented in this edition reflect on the evolving construct of ADHD, drawing from science, clinical practice and public opinion. Current and evidenced-based assessment and treatment practice guidelines are reviewed. International longitudinal studies allow us to understand the personal and societal cost, which can persist for many years post-diagnosis. Despite continuation to adulthood in many young people, follow on adult services are lacking. It is fitting that submissions, by way of personal reflections and opinion pieces, are also included from adult colleagues as they reflect on their experiences in this area. Given the recent development of a national clinical programme in ADHD in Ireland, coupled with a growing evidence for effective interventions, it is hoped that this special edition will highlight the need for appropriate and accessible ADHD treatments across the lifespan.
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Aoki Y, Cortese S, Castellanos FX. Research Review: Diffusion tensor imaging studies of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: meta-analyses and reflections on head motion. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2018; 59:193-202. [PMID: 28671333 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffusion tensor imaging studies have shown atypical fractional anisotropy (FA) in individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), albeit with conflicting results. We performed meta-analyses of whole-brain voxel-based analyses (WBVBA) and tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) studies in ADHD, along with a qualitative review of TBSS studies addressing the issue of head motion, which may bias results. METHODS We conducted a systematic literature search (last search on April 1st, 2016) to identify studies comparing FA values between individuals with ADHD and typically developing (TD) participants. Signed differential mapping was used to compute effect sizes and integrate WBVBA and TBSS studies, respectively. TBSS datasets reporting no between-group motion differences were identified. RESULTS We identified 14 WBVBA (ADHDn = 314, TDn = 278) and 13 TBSS datasets (ADHDn = 557, TDn = 568). WBVBA meta-analysis showed both significantly lower and higher FA values in individuals with ADHD; TBSS meta-analysis showed significantly lower FA in ADHD compared with TD in four clusters: two in the corpus callosum (isthmus and posterior midbody), one in right inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, and one in left inferior longitudinal fasciculus. However, four of six datasets confirming no group-differences in motion showed no significant between-group FA differences. CONCLUSIONS A growing diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) literature (total N = 1,717) and a plethora of apparent findings suggest atypical interhemispheric connection in ADHD. However, FA results in ADHD should be considered with caution, since many studies did not examine potential group differences in head motion, and most of the studies reporting no difference in motion showed no significant results. Future studies should address head motion as a priority and assure that groups do not differ in head motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Aoki
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samuele Cortese
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Academic Unit of Psychology and Clinical and Experimental Sciences (CNS and Psychiatry), University of Southampton, Southampton.,Solent NHS Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Francisco Xavier Castellanos
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
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32
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White T, Muetzel RL, El Marroun H, Blanken LME, Jansen P, Bolhuis K, Kocevska D, Mous SE, Mulder R, Jaddoe VWV, van der Lugt A, Verhulst FC, Tiemeier H. Paediatric population neuroimaging and the Generation R Study: the second wave. Eur J Epidemiol 2018; 33:99-125. [PMID: 29064008 PMCID: PMC5803295 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-017-0319-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Paediatric population neuroimaging is an emerging field that falls at the intersection between developmental neuroscience and epidemiology. A key feature of population neuroimaging studies involves large-scale recruitment that is representative of the general population. One successful approach for population neuroimaging is to embed neuroimaging studies within large epidemiological cohorts. The Generation R Study is a large, prospective population-based birth-cohort in which nearly 10,000 pregnant mothers were recruited between 2002 and 2006 with repeated measurements in the children and their parents over time. Magnetic resonance imaging was included in 2009 with the scanning of 1070 6-to-9-year-old children. The second neuroimaging wave was initiated in April 2013 with a total of 4245 visiting the MRI suite and 4087 9-to-11-year-old children being scanned. The sequences included high-resolution structural MRI, 35-direction diffusion weighted imaging, and a 6 min and 2 s resting-state functional MRI scan. The goal of this paper is to provide an overview of the imaging protocol and the overlap between the neuroimaging data and metadata. We conclude by providing a brief overview of results from our first wave of neuroimaging, which highlights a diverse array of questions that can be addressed by merging the fields of developmental neuroscience and epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonya White
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Kp-2869, Postbus 2060, 3000 CB, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Radiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Kinder Neuroimaging Centrum Rotterdam (KNICR), Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Ryan L Muetzel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Kp-2869, Postbus 2060, 3000 CB, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hanan El Marroun
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Kp-2869, Postbus 2060, 3000 CB, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura M E Blanken
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Kp-2869, Postbus 2060, 3000 CB, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Philip Jansen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Kp-2869, Postbus 2060, 3000 CB, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Koen Bolhuis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Kp-2869, Postbus 2060, 3000 CB, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Desana Kocevska
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Kp-2869, Postbus 2060, 3000 CB, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine E Mous
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Kp-2869, Postbus 2060, 3000 CB, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- ENCORE Expertise Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rosa Mulder
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Kp-2869, Postbus 2060, 3000 CB, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aad van der Lugt
- Department of Radiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank C Verhulst
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Kp-2869, Postbus 2060, 3000 CB, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Kp-2869, Postbus 2060, 3000 CB, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Roalf DR, Eric Schmitt J, Vandekar SN, Satterthwaite TD, Shinohara RT, Ruparel K, Elliott MA, Prabhakaran K, McDonald-McGinn DM, Zackai EH, Gur RC, Emanuel BS, Gur RE. White matter microstructural deficits in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Psychiatry Res 2017; 268:35-44. [PMID: 28865345 PMCID: PMC5814141 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS), a neurogenetic condition associated with psychosis, report brain white matter (WM) microstructure aberrations. Several studies report that WM disruptions in 22q11DS are similar to deficits in idiopathic schizophrenia. Yet, DTI results in 22q11DS are inconsistent. We used DTI to compare WM structure in 22q11DS individuals to healthy controls (HC) and explored WM differences in 22q11DS with (+) and without (-) psychosis spectrum symptoms. We examined 39 22q11DS individuals and 39 age, sex and race equivalent HC. DTI was performed at 3T using a 64-direction protocol. Fractional anisotropy (FA) was lower, while radial diffusivity was higher in 22q11DS within the cingulum bundle. Mean diffusivity was lower in the inferior longitudinal fasciculus, while axial diffusivity (AD) was lower in the cingulum bundle, forceps major, and several posterior to anterior fasciculi. 22q11DS+ had lower FA in the cingulum bundle and lower AD in the uncinate fasciculus compared to 22q11DS-. Overall, we found aberrant WM microstructure in individuals with 22q11DS compared to age and sex matched HC and exploratory analysis indicated subtle WM deficits associated with psychosis. The findings highlight the dysfunction of WM microstructure in 22q11DS and its potential importance in elucidating WM abnormalities in psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Roalf
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatry Section, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - J Eric Schmitt
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatry Section, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Simon N Vandekar
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatry Section, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Theodore D Satterthwaite
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatry Section, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Russell T Shinohara
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kosha Ruparel
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatry Section, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mark A Elliott
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Karthik Prabhakaran
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatry Section, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Donna M McDonald-McGinn
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Elaine H Zackai
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatry Section, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI) at the University of Pennsylvania and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Beverly S Emanuel
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatry Section, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI) at the University of Pennsylvania and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Lin G, Roth RM. The Status of Structural and Functional MRI in Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. PSYCHOLOGICAL INJURY & LAW 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12207-017-9296-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Gehricke JG, Kruggel F, Thampipop T, Alejo SD, Tatos E, Fallon J, Muftuler LT. The brain anatomy of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in young adults - a magnetic resonance imaging study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175433. [PMID: 28406942 PMCID: PMC5391018 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This is one of the first studies to examine the structural brain anatomy and connectivity associated with an ADHD diagnosis and child as well as adult ADHD symptoms in young adults. It was hypothesized that an adult ADHD diagnosis and in particular childhood symptoms, are associated with widespread changes in the brain macro- and microstructure, which can be used to develop a morphometric biomarker for ADHD. Methods Voxel-wise linear regression models were used to examine structural and diffusion-weighted MRI data in 72 participants (31 young adults with ADHD and 41 controls without ADHD) in relation to diagnosis and the number of self-reported child and adult symptoms. Results Findings revealed significant associations between ADHD diagnosis and widespread changes to the maturation of white matter fiber bundles and gray matter density in the brain, such as structural shape changes (incomplete maturation) of the middle and superior temporal gyrus, and fronto-basal portions of both frontal lobes. ADHD symptoms in childhood showed the strongest association with brain macro- and microstructural abnormalities. At the brain circuitry level, the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) and cortico-limbic areas are dysfunctional in individuals with ADHD. The morphometric findings predicted an ADHD diagnosis correctly up to 83% of all cases. Conclusion An adult ADHD diagnosis and in particular childhood symptoms are associated with widespread micro- and macrostructural changes. The SLF and cortico-limbic findings suggest complex audio-visual, motivational, and emotional dysfunctions associated with ADHD in young adults. The sensitivity of the morphometric findings in predicting an ADHD diagnosis was sufficient, which indicates that MRI-based assessments are a promising strategy for the development of a biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-G. Gehricke
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- The Center for Autism & Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Santa Ana, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Frithjof Kruggel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Tanyaporn Thampipop
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- The Center for Autism & Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Santa Ana, California, United States of America
| | - Sharina Dyan Alejo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- The Center for Autism & Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Santa Ana, California, United States of America
| | - Erik Tatos
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- The Center for Autism & Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Santa Ana, California, United States of America
| | - James Fallon
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - L. Tugan Muftuler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
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Acer N, Dolu N, Zararsiz G, Dogan MS, Gumus K, Ozmen S, Kara AY, Soysal H, Per H, Bilgen M. Anatomical characterization of ADHD using an atlas-based analysis: A diffusion tensor imaging study. THE EUROBIOTECH JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.24190/issn2564-615x/2017/01.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose: To examine brain diffusion characteristics in pediatric patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and an atlas-based anatomical analysis of the whole brain and to investigate whether these images have unique characteristics that can support functional diagnoses. Materials and Methods: Seventeen children with ADHD and ten control subjects (all age-matched) underwent MRI scans. The Institutional Ethics Board approved this study. Morphometric analysis was performed using MriStudio software. The diffusion images were normalized using a linear transformation, followed by large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping (LDDMM). For 189 parcellated brain regions, the volume, fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD) were measured. Results: Children with ADHD were found to have increase in the body of lateral ventricle volumes compared to the control. Increased MD was found in the deep gray matter, amygdala, thalamus, substantia nigra, and also the cerebellum left and right side. Increased RD was found in the deep gray matter, caudate, thalamus, substantia nigra and hippocampus left and right side compared to the control. Significant elevated FA was found in the bilateral splenium of the corpus callosum in ADHD patients. Conclusion: Children with ADHD display abnormal diffusion characteristics and anatomical features compared to healthy controls. DTI can provide sensitive information on integrity of white matter (WM) and intra-WM structures in ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niyazi Acer
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri , Turkey
| | - Nazan Dolu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri , Turkey
| | - Gokmen Zararsiz
- Departmentof Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri , Turkey
| | - Mehmet Sait Dogan
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri , Turkey
| | - Kazim Gumus
- Biomedical Imaging Research Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri , Turkey
| | - Sevgi Ozmen
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri , Turkey
| | - Ali Yucel Kara
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri , Turkey
| | - Handan Soysal
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Baskent University, Ankara , Turkey
| | - Huseyin Per
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri , Turkey
| | - Mehmet Bilgen
- Department of Biophysics, Medical Faculty, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin , Turkey
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Structural brain imaging correlates of ASD and ADHD across the lifespan: a hypothesis-generating review on developmental ASD-ADHD subtypes. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2016; 124:259-271. [PMID: 28000020 PMCID: PMC5285408 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-016-1651-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesize that it is plausible that biologically distinct developmental ASD-ADHD subtypes are present, each characterized by a distinct time of onset of symptoms, progression and combination of symptoms. The aim of the present narrative review was to explore if structural brain imaging studies may shed light on key brain areas that are linked to both ASD and ADHD symptoms and undergo significant changes during development. These findings may possibly pinpoint to brain mechanisms underlying differential developmental ASD-ADHD subtypes. To this end we brought together the literature on ASD and ADHD structural brain imaging symptoms and particularly highlight the adolescent years and beyond. Findings indicate that the vast majority of existing MRI studies has been cross-sectional and conducted in children, and sometimes did include adolescents as well, but without explicitly documenting on this age group. MRI studies documenting on age effects in adults with ASD and/or ADHD are rare, and if age is taken into account, only linear effects are examined. Data from various studies suggest that a crucial distinctive feature underlying different developmental ASD-ADHD subtypes may be the differential developmental thinning patterns of the anterior cingulate cortex and related connections towards other prefrontal regions. These regions are crucial for the development of cognitive/effortful control and socio-emotional functioning, with impairments in these features as key to both ASD and ADHD.
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Ercan ES, Suren S, Bacanlı A, Yazıcı KU, Callı C, Ardic UA, Aygunes D, Kosova B, Ozyurt O, Aydın C, Rohde LA. Altered structural connectivity is related to attention deficit/hyperactivity subtypes: A DTI study. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2016; 256:57-64. [PMID: 27130841 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to provide novel insights into the white matter (WM) microstructural properties of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) subtypes by recruiting a relatively large sample of stimulant-naïve children and adolescents who had no comorbidity other than Oppositional Defiant Disorder and were homogenous according to the DAT1 gene polymorphism. A sample of 72 ADHD subjects and 24 controls aged 8-15 years were enrolled in the study. We applied tract-based spatial statistics to the DTI measures for obtaining fractional anisotropy (FA) and axial, radial diffusivity (AD, RD) measures to explore ADHD type-related differences in WM for the whole brain. Comparing ADHD-Combined group (ADHD-C) with the ADHD predominantly inattentive group (ADHD-I) we detected increased RD in several bilateral brain area and increased AD mostly in left side of the brain, including the body and splenium of the corpus callosum; the anterior and posteriors limbs of the internal capsule; the superior, anterior and posterior corona radiata; the posterior thalamic radiation; and the superior longitudinal fasciculus. Likewise, mostly in the overlapping brain areas, the ADHD-C group presented increased AD values than ADHD-RI. Significant differences among ADHD types could be a preliminary evidence that they have distinct microstructural properties. There were no significant differences in diffusivity between controls and both the ADHD group as whole or any ADHD subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyup Sabri Ercan
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
| | | | | | - Kemal Utku Yazıcı
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Cem Callı
- Radiology Department, Medical Faculty, Ege University, Turkey
| | - Ulku Akyol Ardic
- Denizli State Hospital, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Duygu Aygunes
- Medical Biology Department, Medical Faculty, Ege University, Turkey
| | - Buket Kosova
- Medical Biology Department, Medical Faculty, Ege University, Turkey
| | - Onur Ozyurt
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cahide Aydın
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Medical Faculty, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Luis Augusto Rohde
- ADHD Outpatient Program, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, Brazil
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O'Hanlon E, Howley S, Prasad S, McGrath J, Leemans A, McDonald C, Garavan H, Murphy KC. Multimodal MRI reveals structural connectivity differences in 22q11 deletion syndrome related to impaired spatial working memory. Hum Brain Mapp 2016; 37:4689-4705. [PMID: 27511297 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Impaired spatial working memory is a core cognitive deficit observed in people with 22q11 Deletion syndrome (22q11DS) and has been suggested as a candidate endophenotype for schizophrenia. However, to date, the neuroanatomical mechanisms describing its structural and functional underpinnings in 22q11DS remain unclear. We quantitatively investigate the cognitive processes and associated neuroanatomy of spatial working memory in people with 22q11DS compared to matched controls. We examine whether there are significant between-group differences in spatial working memory using task related fMRI, Voxel based morphometry and white matter fiber tractography. MATERIALS AND METHODS Multimodal magnetic resonance imaging employing functional, diffusion and volumetric techniques were used to quantitatively assess the cognitive and neuroanatomical features of spatial working memory processes in 22q11DS. Twenty-six participants with genetically confirmed 22q11DS aged between 9 and 52 years and 26 controls aged between 8 and 46 years, matched for age, gender, and handedness were recruited. RESULTS People with 22q11DS have significant differences in spatial working memory functioning accompanied by a gray matter volume reduction in the right precuneus. Gray matter volume was significantly correlated with task performance scores in these areas. Tractography revealed extensive differences along fibers between task-related cortical activations with pronounced differences localized to interhemispheric commissural fibers within the parietal section of the corpus callosum. CONCLUSIONS Abnormal spatial working memory in 22q11DS is associated with aberrant functional activity in conjunction with gray and white matter structural abnormalities. These anomalies in discrete brain regions may increase susceptibility to the development of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia. Hum Brain Mapp 37:4689-4705, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik O'Hanlon
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Educational and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland.,School of Psychology and Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Sarah Howley
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Educational and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Sarah Prasad
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Educational and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Jane McGrath
- School of Psychology and Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Alexander Leemans
- Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Colm McDonald
- Department of Psychiatry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Hugh Garavan
- School of Psychology and Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Vermont, USA
| | - Kieran C Murphy
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Educational and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
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Schmithorst VJ, Panigrahy A, Gaynor JW, Watson CG, Lee V, Bellinger DC, Rivkin MJ, Newburger JW. Organizational topology of brain and its relationship to ADHD in adolescents with d-transposition of the great arteries. Brain Behav 2016; 6:e00504. [PMID: 27547505 PMCID: PMC4980474 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Little is currently known about the impact of congenital heart disease (CHD) on the organization of large-scale brain networks in relation to neurobehavioral outcome. We investigated whether CHD might impact ADHD symptoms via changes in brain structural network topology in a cohort of adolescents with d-transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA) repaired with the arterial switch operation in early infancy and referent subjects. We also explored whether these effects might be modified by apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype, as the APOE ε2 allele has been associated with worse neurodevelopmental outcomes after repair of d-TGA in infancy. METHODS We applied graph analysis techniques to diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data obtained from 47 d-TGA adolescents and 29 healthy referents to construct measures of structural topology at the global and regional levels. We developed statistical mediation models revealing the respective contributions of d-TGA, APOE genotype, and structural network topology on ADHD outcome as measured by the Connors ADHD/DSM-IV Scales (CADS). RESULTS Changes in overall network connectivity, integration, and segregation mediated worse ADHD outcomes in d-TGA patients compared to healthy referents; these changes were predominantly in the left and right intrahemispheric regional subnetworks. Exploratory analysis revealed that network topology also mediated detrimental effects of the APOE ε4 allele but improved neurobehavioral outcomes for the APOE ε2 allele. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that disruption of organization of large-scale networks may contribute to neurobehavioral dysfunction in adolescents with CHD and that this effect may interact with APOE genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent J Schmithorst
- Department of Pediatric Radiology Childrens Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Ashok Panigrahy
- Department of Pediatric Radiology Childrens Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC Pittsburgh Pennsylvania; Department of Radiology and Bioinformatics University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania; Department of Radiology Children's Hospital Los Angeles Los Angeles California; Brain and Creativity Institute University of Southern California Los Angeles California
| | - J William Gaynor
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Christopher G Watson
- Department of Neurology Boston Children's Hospital Boston Massachusetts; Graduate Program for Neuroscience Boston University Boston Massachusetts
| | - Vince Lee
- Department of Pediatric Radiology Childrens Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - David C Bellinger
- Department of Neurology Boston Children's Hospital Boston Massachusetts
| | - Michael J Rivkin
- Department of Neurology Boston Children's Hospital Boston Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry Boston Children's Hospital Boston Massachusetts; Department of Radiology Boston Children's Hospital Boston Massachusetts; Department of Neurology Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts
| | - Jane W Newburger
- Department of Cardiology Boston Children's Hospital Boston Massachusetts; Department of Pediatrics Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts
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Tamnes CK, Agartz I. White Matter Microstructure in Early-Onset Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review of Diffusion Tensor Imaging Studies. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2016; 55:269-79. [PMID: 27015717 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neurodevelopmental processes and neural connectivity are thought to play pivotal roles in schizophrenia. This article reviews diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies of brain white matter connections and microstructure and their development in patients with early-onset schizophrenia (EOS), that is, schizophrenia with an age of onset before 18 years. METHOD A systematic literature search revealed 21 original case-control DTI studies of children and/or adolescents with EOS. RESULTS Nearly all studies report significantly lower regional fractional anisotropy (FA) in patients with EOS than in healthy control participants. However, the anatomical locations and extent of these differences are highly variable across studies. Furthermore, consistent evidence for associations between DTI indices and age of onset, medication variables, and measures of symptomatology and cognition in EOS is lacking. Only 3 available studies have investigated cross-sectional age-related differences or longitudinal changes in DTI measures in adolescents with EOS. The results are mixed, with different studies indicating diverging, converging, or parallel developmental FA trajectories between patients and controls. CONCLUSION The study of brain structural connectivity, as inferred from DTI, and its development in EOS may inform us on the origin and ontogeny of schizophrenia. We suggest some directions for future research in this field and argue for increased focus on developmental questions. Specifically, further investigations of age of onset effects and multimethod longitudinal studies of structural and functional connectivity development before, at, and after onset of schizophrenia and related syndromes in children and adolescents are called for.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian K Tamnes
- Research Group for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- NORMENT (Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research), KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway and with Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Kabukcu Basay B, Buber A, Basay O, Alacam H, Ozturk O, Suren S, Izci Ay O, Acikel C, Agladıoglu K, Erdal ME, Ercan ES, Herken H. White matter alterations related to attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and COMT val(158)met polymorphism: children with valine homozygote attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder have altered white matter connectivity in the right cingulum (cingulate gyrus). Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2016; 12:969-81. [PMID: 27143897 PMCID: PMC4844431 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s104450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this article, the COMT gene val(158)met polymorphism and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-related differences in diffusion-tensor-imaging-measured white matter (WM) structure in children with ADHD and controls were investigated. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 71 children diagnosed with ADHD and 24 controls aged 8-15 years were recruited. Using diffusion tensor imaging, COMT polymorphism and ADHD-related WM alterations were investigated, and any interaction effect between the COMT polymorphism and ADHD was also examined. The effects of age, sex, and estimated total IQ were controlled by multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). RESULTS First, an interaction between the COMT val(158)met polymorphism and ADHD in the right (R) cingulum (cingulate gyrus) (CGC) was found. According to this, valine (val) homozygote ADHD-diagnosed children had significantly lower fractional anisotropy (FA) and higher radial diffusivity (RD) in the R-CGC than ADHD-diagnosed methionine (met) carriers, and val homozygote controls had higher FA and lower RD in the R-CGC than val homozygote ADHD patients. Second, met carriers had higher FA and axial diffusivity in the left (L)-uncinate fasciculus and lower RD in the L-posterior corona radiata and L-posterior thalamic radiation (include optic radiation) than the val homozygotes, independent of ADHD diagnosis. Third, children with ADHD had lower FA in the L-CGC and R-retrolenticular part of the internal capsule than the controls, independent of the COMT polymorphism. CONCLUSION Significant differences reported here may be evidence that the COMT gene val(158)met polymorphism variants, as well as ADHD, could affect brain development. ADHD and the COMT polymorphism might be interactively affecting WM development in the R-CGC to alter the WM connectivity in children with val homozygote ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burge Kabukcu Basay
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Pamukkale University Medical Faculty, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Buber
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Pamukkale University Medical Faculty, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Omer Basay
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Pamukkale University Medical Faculty, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Alacam
- Psychiatry Department, Pamukkale University Medical Faculty, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Onder Ozturk
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Pamukkale University Medical Faculty, Denizli, Turkey
| | | | - Ozlem Izci Ay
- Medical Biology and Genetics Department, Mersin University Medical Faculty, Mersin, Turkey
| | | | - Kadir Agladıoglu
- Radiology Department, Pamukkale University Medical Faculty, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Emin Erdal
- Medical Biology and Genetics Department, Mersin University Medical Faculty, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Eyup Sabri Ercan
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Ege University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Hasan Herken
- Psychiatry Department, Pamukkale University Medical Faculty, Denizli, Turkey
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43
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Francx W, Zwiers MP, Mennes M, Oosterlaan J, Heslenfeld D, Hoekstra PJ, Hartman CA, Franke B, Faraone SV, O’Dwyer L, Buitelaar JK. White matter microstructure and developmental improvement of hyperactive/impulsive symptoms in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2015; 56:1289-97. [PMID: 25581343 PMCID: PMC4499023 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A developmental improvement of symptoms in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is frequently reported, but the underlying neurobiological substrate has not been identified. The aim of this study was to determine whether white matter microstructure is related to developmental improvement of ADHD symptoms. METHODS A cross-sectional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analysis was embedded in a prospective follow-up of an adolescent cohort of ADHD and control subjects (NeuroIMAGE). Mean age at baseline was 11.9 years, mean interval of follow-up was 5.9 years. About 75.3% of the original cohort was retained successfully. Data of 101 participants with ADHD combined type at baseline and 40 healthy controls were analysed. ADHD symptoms were measured with semistructured, investigator-based interviews and Conners' questionnaires, on the basis of DSM-IV criteria. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) indices of white matter microstructure were measured using whole brain diffusion tensor imaging at follow-up only. In a dimensional analysis FA and MD were related to change in ADHD symptoms. To link this analysis to DSM-IV diagnoses, a post hoc categorical group analysis was conducted comparing participants with persistent (n = 59) versus remittent (n = 42) ADHD and controls. RESULTS Over time, participants with ADHD showed improvement mainly in hyperactive/impulsive symptoms. This improvement was associated with lower FA and higher MD values in the left corticospinal tract at follow-up. Findings of the dimensional and the categorical analysis strongly converged. Changes in inattentive symptoms over time were minimal and not related to white matter microstructure. CONCLUSIONS The corticospinal tract is important in the control of voluntary movements, suggesting the importance of the motor system in the persistence of hyperactive/impulsive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winke Francx
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, The Netherlands,Radboud University Nijmegen, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel P. Zwiers
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, The Netherlands,Radboud University Nijmegen, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Mennes
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, The Netherlands,Radboud University Nijmegen, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Oosterlaan
- VU University Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Heslenfeld
- VU University Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter J. Hoekstra
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, The Netherlands
| | - Catharina A. Hartman
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Franke
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, The Netherlands,Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands,Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Stephen V. Faraone
- Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, USA
| | - Laurence O’Dwyer
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, The Netherlands,Radboud University Nijmegen, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, The Netherlands
| | - Jan K. Buitelaar
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, The Netherlands,Radboud University Nijmegen, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, The Netherlands,Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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44
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Pastura G, Doering T, Gasparetto EL, Mattos P, Araújo AP. Exploratory analysis of diffusion tensor imaging in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: evidence of abnormal white matter structure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 8:65-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s12402-015-0185-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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45
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Abnormal asymmetry in frontostriatal white matter in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Brain Imaging Behav 2015; 10:1080-1089. [DOI: 10.1007/s11682-015-9470-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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46
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Kasparek T, Theiner P, Filova A. Neurobiology of ADHD From Childhood to Adulthood: Findings of Imaging Methods. J Atten Disord 2015; 19:931-43. [PMID: 24097847 DOI: 10.1177/1087054713505322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the pattern of morphological and functional brain changes in both children and adults with ADHD that emerges from the recent literature. In addition, the task of the present review is to explore how to understand the nature of the brain changes. METHODS Literature review. RESULTS Neuroimaging studies provide a multitude of information that currently allows us to expand the notions of ADHD neurobiology beyond its traditional understanding as a manifestation of frontostriatal dysfunction. They point to disorders of several other areas of the brain, particularly the anterior cingulum, the dorsolateral as well as ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, the orbitofrontal cortex, the superior parietal regions, the caudate nucleus, the thalamus, the amygdala and the cerebellum. Imaging studies point to the persistence of changes in both brain structure and function into adulthood, although there might be a tendency for improvement of caudate nucleus pathology. Changes in neuronal (dendritic) plasticity, which are under the modulatory influence of the dopaminergic system, may be in the background of disorders of brain morphology and anatomical connectivity with subsequent brain dysfunction. Growing evidence suggest that methylphenidate treatment can lead to improvement of brain changes seen in neuroimaging by its positive effect on neuroplasticity. CONCLUSION Changes in neuronal plasticity may be behind persisting brain changes in ADHD. Current treatment approaches seem to improve these neuroplastic processes, and, therefore, may have a positive effect on the neuropathology of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Kasparek
- Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic University Hospital Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Theiner
- Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic University Hospital Brno, Czech Republic
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47
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Poletti S, Mazza E, Bollettini I, Locatelli C, Cavallaro R, Smeraldi E, Benedetti F. Adverse childhood experiences influence white matter microstructure in patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2015; 234:35-43. [PMID: 26341951 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Integrity of brain white matter (WM) tracts in adulthood could be detrimentally affected by exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACE). Changes of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures suggesting WM disruption have been reported in patients with schizophrenia together with a history of childhood maltreatment. We therefore hypothesized that ACE could be associated with altered DTI measures of WM integrity in patients with schizophrenia. We tested this hypothesis in 83 schizophrenia patients using whole brain tract-based spatial statistics in the WM skeleton with threshold-free cluster enhancement of DTI measures of WM microstructure: axial, radial, and mean diffusivity (MD), and fractional anisotropy (FA). We observed an inverse correlation between severity of ACE and DTI measures of FA, and a positive correlation with MD in several WM tracts including corona radiata, thalamic radiations, corpus callosum, cingulum bundle, superior longitudinal fasciculus, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, uncinate fasciculus. Lower FA and higher MD are indexes of a reduction in fibre coherence and integrity. The association of ACE to reduced FA and increased MD in key WM tracts contributing to the functional integrity of the brain suggests that ACE might contribute to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia through a detrimental action on structural connectivity in critical cortico-limbic networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Poletti
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; C.E.R.M.A.C. (Centro di Eccellenza Risonanza Magnetica ad Alto Campo), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
| | - Elena Mazza
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Bollettini
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; C.E.R.M.A.C. (Centro di Eccellenza Risonanza Magnetica ad Alto Campo), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Clara Locatelli
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; C.E.R.M.A.C. (Centro di Eccellenza Risonanza Magnetica ad Alto Campo), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Cavallaro
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Smeraldi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; C.E.R.M.A.C. (Centro di Eccellenza Risonanza Magnetica ad Alto Campo), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Benedetti
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; C.E.R.M.A.C. (Centro di Eccellenza Risonanza Magnetica ad Alto Campo), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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Sidlauskaite J, Caeyenberghs K, Sonuga-Barke E, Roeyers H, Wiersema JR. Whole-brain structural topology in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Preserved global - disturbed local network organization. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2015; 9:506-12. [PMID: 26640763 PMCID: PMC4630025 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Prior studies demonstrate altered organization of functional brain networks in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, the structural underpinnings of these functional disturbances are poorly understood. In the current study, we applied a graph-theoretic approach to whole-brain diffusion magnetic resonance imaging data to investigate the organization of structural brain networks in adults with ADHD and unaffected controls using deterministic fiber tractography. Groups did not differ in terms of global network metrics - small-worldness, global efficiency and clustering coefficient. However, there were widespread ADHD-related effects at the nodal level in relation to local efficiency and clustering. The affected nodes included superior occipital, supramarginal, superior temporal, inferior parietal, angular and inferior frontal gyri, as well as putamen, thalamus and posterior cerebellum. Lower local efficiency of left superior temporal and supramarginal gyri was associated with higher ADHD symptom scores. Also greater local clustering of right putamen and lower local clustering of left supramarginal gyrus correlated with ADHD symptom severity. Overall, the findings indicate preserved global but altered local network organization in adult ADHD implicating regions underpinning putative ADHD-related neuropsychological deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justina Sidlauskaite
- Department of Experimental-Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Karen Caeyenberghs
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, 115 Victoria Parade, Melbourne, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Edmund Sonuga-Barke
- Department of Experimental-Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, Ghent B-9000, Belgium ; Developmental Brain-Behaviour Unit, Psychology, University of Southampton, Shackleton Building (B44), Highfield Campus, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Herbert Roeyers
- Department of Experimental-Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Jan R Wiersema
- Department of Experimental-Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
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49
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Chiang HL, Chen YJ, Lo YC, Tseng WYI, Gau SSF. Altered white matter tract property related to impaired focused attention, sustained attention, cognitive impulsivity and vigilance in attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2015; 40:325-35. [PMID: 25871496 PMCID: PMC4543095 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.140106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neural substrate for clinical symptoms and neuropsychological performance in individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has rarely been studied and has yielded inconsistent results. We sought to compare the microstructural property of fibre tracts associated with the prefrontal cortex and its association with ADHD symptoms and a wide range of attention performance in youth with ADHD and healthy controls. METHODS We assessed youths with ADHD and age-, sex-, handedness-, coil- and intelligence-matched controls using the Conners' Continuous Performance Test (CCPT) for attention performance and MRI. The 10 target tracts, including the bilateral frontostriatal tracts (caudate to dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and orbitofrontal cortex), superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) and cingulum bundle were reconstructed using diffusion spectrum imaging tractography. We computed generalized fractional anisotropy (GFA) values to indicate tract-specific microstructural property. RESULTS We included 50 youths with ADHD and 50 healthy controls in our study. Youths with ADHD had lower GFA in the left frontostriatal tracts, bilateral SLF and right cingulum bundle and performed worse in the CCPT than controls. Furthermore, alteration of the right SLF GFA was most significantly associated with the clinical symptom of inattention in youths with ADHD. Finally, youths with ADHD had differential association patterns of the 10 fibre tract GFA values with attention performance compared with controls. LIMITATIONS Ten of the youths with ADHD were treated with methylphenidate, which may have long-term effects on microstructural property. CONCLUSION Our study highlights the importance of the SLF, cingulum bundle and frontostriatal tracts for clinical symptoms and attention performance in youths with ADHD and demonstrates the involvement of different fibre tracts in attention performance in these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huey-Ling Chiang
- From the Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (Chiang, Gau); Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan (Chiang, Gau); Department of Psychiatry, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (Chiang); Center for Optoelectronic Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (Chen, Tseng, Lo); Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (Tseng, Gau); Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (Tseng); Department of Psychology, School of Occupational Therapy, and Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan (Gau)
| | - Yu-Jen Chen
- From the Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (Chiang, Gau); Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan (Chiang, Gau); Department of Psychiatry, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (Chiang); Center for Optoelectronic Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (Chen, Tseng, Lo); Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (Tseng, Gau); Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (Tseng); Department of Psychology, School of Occupational Therapy, and Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan (Gau)
| | - Yu-Chun Lo
- From the Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (Chiang, Gau); Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan (Chiang, Gau); Department of Psychiatry, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (Chiang); Center for Optoelectronic Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (Chen, Tseng, Lo); Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (Tseng, Gau); Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (Tseng); Department of Psychology, School of Occupational Therapy, and Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan (Gau)
| | - Wen-Yih Isaac Tseng
- From the Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (Chiang, Gau); Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan (Chiang, Gau); Department of Psychiatry, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (Chiang); Center for Optoelectronic Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (Chen, Tseng, Lo); Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (Tseng, Gau); Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (Tseng); Department of Psychology, School of Occupational Therapy, and Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan (Gau)
| | - Susan Shur-Fen Gau
- From the Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (Chiang, Gau); Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan (Chiang, Gau); Department of Psychiatry, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (Chiang); Center for Optoelectronic Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (Chen, Tseng, Lo); Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (Tseng, Gau); Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (Tseng); Department of Psychology, School of Occupational Therapy, and Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan (Gau)
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50
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Cooper M, Thapar A, Jones DK. White matter microstructure predicts autistic traits in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 2015; 44:2742-54. [PMID: 24827086 PMCID: PMC4194020 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-014-2131-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Traits of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have previously been found to index clinical severity. This study examined the association of ASD traits with diffusion parameters in adolescent males with ADHD (n = 17), and also compared WM microstructure relative to controls (n = 17). Significant associations (p < 0.05, corrected) were found between fractional anisotropy/radial diffusivity and ASD trait severity (positive and negative correlations respectively), mostly in the right posterior limb of the internal capsule/corticospinal tract, right cerebellar peduncle and the midbrain. No case-control differences were found for the diffusion parameters investigated. This is the first report of a WM microstructural signature of autistic traits in ADHD. Thus, even in the absence of full disorder, ASD traits may index a distinctive underlying neurobiology in ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Cooper
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Section, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Second Floor, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cathays, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK,
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