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Koster M, Mannsdörfer L, van der Pluijm M, de Haan L, Ziermans T, van Wingen G, Vermeulen J. The Association Between Chronic Tobacco Smoking and Brain Alterations in Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies. Schizophr Bull 2024:sbae088. [PMID: 38824451 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbae088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS The high co-occurrence of tobacco smoking in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) poses a serious health concern, linked to increased mortality and worse clinical outcomes. The mechanisms underlying this co-occurrence are not fully understood. STUDY DESIGN Addressing the need for a comprehensive overview of the impact of tobacco use on SSD neurobiology, we conducted a systematic review of neuroimaging studies (including structural, functional, and neurochemical magnetic resonance imaging studies) that investigate the association between chronic tobacco smoking and brain alterations in patients with SSD. STUDY RESULTS Eight structural and fourteen functional studies were included. Structural studies show widespread independent and additive reductions in gray matter in relation to smoking and SSD. The majority of functional studies suggest that smoking might be associated with improvements in connectivity deficits linked to SSD. However, the limited number of and high amount of cross-sectional studies, and high between-studies sample overlap prevent a conclusive determination of the nature and extent of the impact of smoking on brain functioning in patients with SSD. Overall, functional results imply a distinct neurobiological mechanism for tobacco addiction in patients with SSD, possibly attributed to differences at the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor level. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the need for more longitudinal and exposure-dependent studies to differentiate between inherent neurobiological differences and the (long-term) effects of smoking in SSD, and to unravel the complex interaction between smoking and schizophrenia at various disease stages. This could inform more effective strategies addressing smoking susceptibility in SSD, potentially improving clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merel Koster
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lilli Mannsdörfer
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke van der Pluijm
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lieuwe de Haan
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tim Ziermans
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Guido van Wingen
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jentien Vermeulen
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Chakraborty S, Lee SK, Arnold SM, Haast RAM, Khan AR, Schmitz TW. Focal acetylcholinergic modulation of the human midcingulo-insular network during attention: Meta-analytic neuroimaging and behavioral evidence. J Neurochem 2024; 168:397-413. [PMID: 37864501 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
The basal forebrain cholinergic neurons provide acetylcholine to the cortex via large projections. Recent molecular imaging work in humans indicates that the cortical cholinergic innervation is not uniformly distributed, but rather may disproportionately innervate cortical areas relevant to supervisory attention. In this study, we therefore reexamined the spatial relationship between acetylcholinergic modulation and attention in the human cortex using meta-analytic strategies targeting both pharmacological and non-pharmacological neuroimaging studies. We found that pharmaco-modulation of acetylcholine evoked both increased activity in the anterior cingulate and decreased activity in the opercular and insular cortex. In large independent meta-analyses of non-pharmacological neuroimaging research, we demonstrate that during attentional engagement these cortical areas exhibit (1) task-related co-activation with the basal forebrain, (2) task-related co-activation with one another, and (3) spatial overlap with dense cholinergic innervations originating from the basal forebrain, as estimated by multimodal positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Finally, we provide meta-analytic evidence that pharmaco-modulation of acetylcholine also induces a speeding of responses to targets with no apparent tradeoff in accuracy. In sum, we demonstrate in humans that acetylcholinergic modulation of midcingulo-insular hubs of the ventral attention/salience network via basal forebrain afferents may coordinate selection of task relevant information, thereby facilitating cognition and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudesna Chakraborty
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sun Kyun Lee
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah M Arnold
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roy A M Haast
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- CRMBM, CNRS UMR 7339, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Ali R Khan
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Taylor W Schmitz
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
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3
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Effects of Ketamine and Midazolam on Simultaneous EEG/fMRI Data During Working Memory Processes. Brain Topogr 2021; 34:863-880. [PMID: 34642836 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-021-00876-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Reliable measures of cognitive brain activity from functional neuroimaging techniques may provide early indications of efficacy in clinical trials. Functional magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography provide complementary spatiotemporal information and simultaneous recording of these two modalities can remove inter-session drug response and environment variability. We sought to assess the effects of ketamine and midazolam on simultaneous electrophysiological and hemodynamic recordings during working memory (WM) processes. Thirty participants were included in a placebo-controlled, three-way crossover design with ketamine and midazolam. Compared to placebo, ketamine administration attenuated theta power increases and alpha power decreases and midazolam attenuated low beta band decreases to increasing WM load. Additionally, ketamine caused larger blood-oxygen-dependent (BOLD) signal increases in the supplementary motor area and angular gyrus, and weaker deactivations of the default mode network (DMN), whereas no difference was found between midazolam and placebo. Ketamine administration caused positive temporal correlations between frontal-midline theta (fm-theta) power and the BOLD signal to disappear and attenuated negative correlations. However, the relationship between fm-theta and the BOLD signal from DMN areas was maintained in some participants during ketamine administration, as increasing theta strength was associated with stronger BOLD signal reductions in these areas. The presence of, and ability to manipulate, both positive and negative associations between the BOLD signal and fm-theta suggest the presence of multiple fm-theta components involved in WM processes, with ketamine administration disrupting one or more of these theta-linked WM strategies.
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Dondé C, Brunelin J, Mondino M, Cellard C, Rolland B, Haesebaert F. The effects of acute nicotine administration on cognitive and early sensory processes in schizophrenia: a systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 118:121-133. [PMID: 32739422 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine use, which is mostly done through smoking tobacco, is among the most burdensome comorbidities of schizophrenia. However, the ways in which nicotine affects the cognitive and early sensory alterations found in this illness are still debated. After conducting a systematic literature search, 29 studies were selected. These studies involve individuals with schizophrenia who underwent cognitive and/or early sensory function assessments after acute nicotine administration and include 560 schizophrenia subjects and 346 non-schizophrenia controls. The findings highlight that a single dose of nicotine can improve a range of cognitive functions in schizophrenia subjects, such as attention, working memory, and executive functions, with attention being the most responsive domain. In addition, nicotine can modulate early detection of changes in the sensory environment at both the auditory and visual levels. Nevertheless, effects vary strongly depending on the type of neuropsychological assessment and nicotine intake conditions used in each study. The current findings suggest the need to consider a potential decrease of cognitive and early sensory performance when patients with schizophrenia quit smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Dondé
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France; Psychiatry Department, CHU Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Jérôme Brunelin
- INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Psychiatric Disorders: from Resistance to Response Team, Lyon, F-69000, France; University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, F-69000, France; Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bron, France.
| | - Marine Mondino
- INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Psychiatric Disorders: from Resistance to Response Team, Lyon, F-69000, France; University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, F-69000, France; Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bron, France.
| | | | - Benjamin Rolland
- INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Psychiatric Disorders: from Resistance to Response Team, Lyon, F-69000, France; University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, F-69000, France; Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bron, France.
| | - Frédéric Haesebaert
- INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Psychiatric Disorders: from Resistance to Response Team, Lyon, F-69000, France; University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, F-69000, France; Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bron, France.
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Syed Nasser N, Ibrahim B, Sharifat H, Abdul Rashid A, Suppiah S. Incremental benefits of EEG informed fMRI in the study of disorders related to meso-corticolimbic dopamine pathway dysfunction: A systematic review of recent literature. J Clin Neurosci 2019; 65:87-99. [PMID: 30955950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2019.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a non-invasive imaging modality that enables the assessment of neural connectivity and oxygen utility of the brain using blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) imaging sequence. Electroencephalography (EEG), on the other hands, looks at cortical electrical impulses of the brain thus detecting brainwave patterns during rest and thought processing. The combination of these two modalities is called fMRI with simultaneous EEG (fMRI-EEG), which has emerged as a new tool for experimental neuroscience assessments and has been applied clinically in many settings, most commonly in epilepsy cases. Recent advances in imaging has led to fMRI-EEG being utilized in behavioural studies which can help in giving an objective assessment of ambiguous cases and help in the assessment of response to treatment by providing a non-invasive biomarker of the disease processes. We aim to review the role and interpretation of fMRI-EEG in studies pertaining to psychiatric disorders and behavioral abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Syed Nasser
- Centre for Diagnostic Nuclear Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Buhari Ibrahim
- Centre for Diagnostic Nuclear Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Health Sciences, Bauchi State University, Gadau, Nigeria
| | - Hamed Sharifat
- Centre for Diagnostic Nuclear Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Aida Abdul Rashid
- Department of Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Subapriya Suppiah
- Centre for Diagnostic Nuclear Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Zanos P, Keyworth H, Georgiou P, Hambsch B, Otte DM, Kitchen I, Zimmer A, Bailey A. Chronic nicotine administration restores brain region specific upregulation of oxytocin receptor binding levels in a G72 mouse model of schizophrenia. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 50:2255-2263. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Panos Zanos
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Surrey Guildford Surrey UK
- Department of Psychiatry School of Medicine University of Maryland Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Helen Keyworth
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Surrey Guildford Surrey UK
| | - Polymnia Georgiou
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Surrey Guildford Surrey UK
- Department of Psychiatry School of Medicine University of Maryland Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Boris Hambsch
- GKM Gesellschaft für Therapieforschung mbH Lessingstraße München Germany
| | - David M. Otte
- Institute for Molecular Psychiatry Medical Faculty University of Bonn Bonn Germany
| | - Ian Kitchen
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Surrey Guildford Surrey UK
| | - Andreas Zimmer
- Institute for Molecular Psychiatry Medical Faculty University of Bonn Bonn Germany
| | - Alexis Bailey
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Surrey Guildford Surrey UK
- Institute of Medical and Biomedical Education St George's University of London London SW17 0RE UK
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Mashhoon Y, Betts J, Farmer SL, Lukas SE. Early onset cigarette smokers exhibit greater P300 reactivity to smoking-related stimuli and report greater craving. Brain Res 2018. [PMID: 29524436 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is a period during which a number of critical neuromaturation processes occur and the vulnerability for developing nicotine dependence is extremely high. Thus, early-onset (EO; age < 16 years old), relative to late-onset (LO; age ≥ 16 years old), tobacco smoking may be uniquely deleterious for developmentally immature systems that regulate neural signaling reactivity. This study investigated how age of tobacco smoking onset affects neurophysiological measures of smoking cue reactivity and reported craving in adult smokers. EO smokers (EOS; n = 8; 4 females), LO smokers (LOS; n = 10; 5 females), and healthy non-smokers (HNS; n = 10; 5 females) participated in an event-related potential (ERP) cue reactivity study with tactile and image stimuli. Participants handled neutral objects during one interval and smoking-related objects during a second interval. After each interval, they viewed smoking-related, neutral, or arousing images using an oddball paradigm. P300 ERPs and craving for tobacco were recorded during each session. P300 amplitudes were significantly higher in central midline (Cz) channel to smoking, but not neutral or arousing, images after handling smoking objects. Specifically, Cz P300 smoking amplitudes were significantly greater in EOS, relative to LOS and HNS, and associated with greater craving at baseline. There were no other group differences in mood or craving. EOS exhibited greater P300 reactivity to smoking-related stimuli, relative to LOS, suggesting a more sensitized neural response. EO smoking during early neuromaturation may alter neurophysiological signaling involved in responding to smoking-related stimuli, which could impact the outcome of smoking cessation interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Mashhoon
- Behavioral Psychopharmacology Research Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jennifer Betts
- Behavioral Psychopharmacology Research Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Stacey L Farmer
- Behavioral Psychopharmacology Research Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Scott E Lukas
- Behavioral Psychopharmacology Research Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Smucny J, Tregellas JR. Targeting neuronal dysfunction in schizophrenia with nicotine: Evidence from neurophysiology to neuroimaging. J Psychopharmacol 2017; 31:801-811. [PMID: 28441884 PMCID: PMC5963521 DOI: 10.1177/0269881117705071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Patients with schizophrenia self-administer nicotine at rates higher than is self-administered for any other psychiatric illness. Although the reasons are unclear, one hypothesis suggests that nicotine is a form of 'self-medication' in order to restore normal levels of nicotinic signaling and target abnormalities in neuronal function associated with cognitive processes. This brief review discusses evidence from neurophysiological and neuroimaging studies in schizophrenia patients that nicotinic agonists may effectively target dysfunctional neuronal circuits in the illness. Evidence suggests that nicotine significantly modulates a number of these circuits, although relatively few studies have used modern neuroimaging techniques (e.g. functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)) to examine the effects of nicotinic drugs on disease-related neurobiology. The neuronal effects of nicotine and other nicotinic agonists in schizophrenia remain a priority for psychiatry research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Smucny
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jason R Tregellas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA,Research Service, Denver VA Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA
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Featherstone RE, Siegel SJ. The Role of Nicotine in Schizophrenia. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2015; 124:23-78. [PMID: 26472525 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is associated with by severe disruptions in thought, cognition, emotion, and behavior. Patients show a marked increase in rates of smoking and nicotine dependence relative to nonaffected individuals, a finding commonly ascribed to the potential ameliorative effects of nicotine on symptom severity and cognitive impairment. Indeed, many studies have demonstrated improvement in patients following the administration of nicotine. Such findings have led to an increased emphasis on the development of therapeutic agents to target the nicotinic system as well as increasing the impetus to understand the genetic basis for nicotinic dysfunction in schizophrenia. The goal of this review article is to provide a critical summary of evidence for the role of the nicotinic system in schizophrenia. The first part will review the role of nicotine in normalization of primary dysfunctions and endophenotypical changes found in schizophrenia. The second part will provide a summary of genetic evidence linking polymorphisms in nicotinic receptor genes to smoking and schizophrenia. The third part will summarize attempts to treat schizophrenia using agents specifically targeting nicotinic and nicotinic receptor subtypes. Although currently available antipsychotic treatments are generally able to manage some aspects of schizophrenia (e.g., positive symptoms) they fail to address several other critically effected aspects of the disease. As such, the search for novel mechanisms to treat this disease is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Featherstone
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Steven J Siegel
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Recognition of faces and names: multimodal physiological correlates of memory and executive function. Brain Imaging Behav 2015; 10:408-23. [PMID: 26116280 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-015-9420-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We sought to characterize electrophysiological, eye-tracking and behavioral correlates of face-name recognition memory in healthy younger adults using high-density electroencephalography (EEG), infrared eye-tracking (ET), and neuropsychological measures. Twenty-one participants first studied 40 face-name (FN) pairs; 20 were presented four times (4R) and 20 were shown once (1R). Recognition memory was assessed by asking participants to make old/new judgments for 80 FN pairs, of which half were previously studied items and half were novel FN pairs (N). Simultaneous EEG and ET recording were collected during recognition trials. Comparisons of event-related potentials (ERPs) for correctly identified FN pairs were compared across the three item types revealing classic ERP old/new effects including 1) relative positivity (1R > N) bi-frontally from 300 to 500 ms, reflecting enhanced familiarity, 2) relative positivity (4R > 1R and 4R > N) in parietal areas from 500 to 800 ms, reflecting enhanced recollection, and 3) late frontal effects (1R > N) from 1000 to 1800 ms in right frontal areas, reflecting post-retrieval monitoring. ET analysis also revealed significant differences in eye movements across conditions. Exploration of cross-modality relationships suggested associations between memory and executive function measures and the three ERP effects. Executive function measures were associated with several indicators of saccadic eye movements and fixations, which were also associated with all three ERP effects. This novel characterization of face-name recognition memory performance using simultaneous EEG and ET reproduced classic ERP and ET effects, supports the construct validity of the multimodal FN paradigm, and holds promise as an integrative tool to probe brain networks supporting memory and executive functioning.
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Biskup CS, Gaber T, Helmbold K, Bubenzer-Busch S, Zepf FD. Amino acid challenge and depletion techniques in human functional neuroimaging studies: an overview. Amino Acids 2015; 47:651-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-015-1919-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Koch M, Schmiedt-Fehr C, Mathes B. Neuropharmacology of altered brain oscillations in schizophrenia. Int J Psychophysiol 2015; 103:62-8. [PMID: 25681533 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2015.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Impairments in spatial and temporal integration of brain network activity are a core feature of schizophrenia. Neural network oscillatory activity is considered to be fundamentally important in coordinating neural activity throughout the brain. Hence, exploration of brain oscillations has become an indispensible tool to study the neural basis of mental illnesses. However, most of the studies in schizophrenia include medicated patients. This implicates the question to what extent are changes in the electrophysiological parameters genuine illness effects, genuine drug effects or a mixture of both. We here provide a short overview of the neuropharmacology of brain oscillations with respect to schizophrenia. The core assumption of the so-called "pharmaco-EEG" approach is that drug effects on mental and cognitive functions are reflected in changes in quantitative EEG parameters. Hence, clinical efficacy of drugs might be predicted on the basis of the neuropharmacology of electrophysiological measures, such as brain oscillations. Vice versa, knowledge of drug effects on brain oscillations can be of essence in understanding schizophrenia. However, the current literature lacks systematic findings, because of at least two problems. First, the pharmacology of most antipsychotic drugs is complex including interactions with several transmitter receptors. Second, the neuropathology of schizophrenia still has no pathognomonic signature. Even though it is presently not possible to clearly dissociate drug- and illness effects in neural oscillations, this review emphasizes future studies to foster the understanding of this relationship in schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Koch
- Brain Research Institute, Dept. of Neuropharmacology, University of Bremen, Hochschulring 18, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
| | - Christina Schmiedt-Fehr
- Institute of Psychology and Cognition Research, University of Bremen, Grazerstr. 4, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Birgit Mathes
- Institute of Psychology and Cognition Research, University of Bremen, Grazerstr. 4, 28359 Bremen, Germany
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Bak N, Oranje B. Psychophysiology-informed (multimodal) imaging. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2014; 21:371-85. [PMID: 24950787 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2014_323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetic resonance imaging are two popular methodologies for brain research. While EEG has a high temporal resolution, yet a low spatial resolution, MRI has the complete opposite, a high spatial resolution, yet a low temporal resolution. Obviously therefore, researchers have been searching for ways combining the two methodologies, for more than two decades. However, there are many issues that have to be solved before the methodologies can be successfully and, more importantly reliably, combined. Here, we give an overview of these issues, and present strategies that have been used over the past two decades to overcome them. We start with a general description of EEG and (f)MRI methodology, then present the difficulties involved in combining both methodologies, and lastly present and discuss the most popular strategies that have been used over the past two decades to solve these problems. We conclude that in spite of the many issues, the two methodologies can be combined successfully, provided that the correct procedures are followed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaj Bak
- Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS), Copenhagen University Hospital, Psychiatric Center Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
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