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Harold R, Hill KE, Kamat R, Perlman G, Kotov R, Ruggero CJ, Samuel DB, Foti D. Error-related brain activity shapes the association between trait neuroticism and internalizing symptomatology in two tasks. Int J Psychophysiol 2024; 204:112404. [PMID: 39047794 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2024.112404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The current study examined how individual differences in error-related brain activity might moderate the association between high trait neuroticism and internalizing symptoms. Data were collected from a sample of high-achieving young adults (N = 188) as part of a larger study on risk versus resiliency for psychopathology. Participants completed two behavioral tasks to elicit the error-related negativity (ERN): an arrow Flanker task and a Go/No-Go task. Analyses were constrained to two internalizing symptom dimensions of checking behavior and irritability. Contrary to expectations, ERN amplitude was not related to symptom severity at the bivariate level. However, ERN amplitude moderated the association between trait neuroticism and symptoms of ill temper, such that the neuroticism-irritability association was strongest among individuals with a blunted ERN. In addition, this finding was relatively consistent across tasks and across two complementary methods of scoring the ERN, suggesting an effect of ERN variance that is shared between tasks and that is relatively robust regarding processing differences. In all, the current study represents the first attempt to investigate how the ERN interacts with trait neuroticism to predict transdiagnostic symptom dimensions in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Roma Kamat
- Purdue University, United States of America
| | - Greg Perlman
- Stony Brook University, United States of America
| | - Roman Kotov
- Stony Brook University, United States of America
| | | | | | - Dan Foti
- Purdue University, United States of America
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2
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Chen Z, Itier RJ. No association between error-related ERPs and trait anxiety in a nonclinical sample: Convergence across analytical methods including mass-univariate statistics. Psychophysiology 2024:e14645. [PMID: 38978166 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Enhanced error monitoring, as indexed by increased amplitude of the error-related negativity (ERN) event-related potential (ERP) component, has been suggested to reflect a vulnerability neuro-marker of anxiety disorders. Another error-related ERP component is the error positivity (Pe), which reflects late-stage error processing. The associations between heightened ERN and Pe amplitudes and anxiety levels in the nonclinical population have been inconsistent. In this preregistered study, we examined the association between anxiety, ERN, and Pe, using different analytical methods (mass-univariate analyses, MUAs and conventional analyses), self-reported anxiety scales (STAI and STICSA), and trial numbers (all correct trials and equal numbers of correct and error trials). In a sample of 82 healthy adults, both conventional and MUAs demonstrated a robust enhancement of the ERN and Pe to errors relative to the correct-response ERPs. However, the mass-univariate approach additionally unveiled a wider array of electrodes and a longer effect duration for this error enhancement. Across the analytic methods, the results showed a lack of consistent correlation between trait anxiety and error-related ERPs. Findings were not modulated by trial numbers, analyses, or anxiety scales. The present results suggest a lack of enhancement of error monitoring by anxious traits in individuals with subclinical anxiety and those with clinical anxiety but without a clinical diagnosis. Importantly, the absence of such correlation questions the validity of the ERN as a neural marker for anxiety disorders. Future studies that investigate neuro-markers of anxiety may explore alternative task designs and employ robust statistics to provide a more comprehensive understanding of anxiety vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelin Chen
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roxane J Itier
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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3
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Amir N, Holbrook A, Kallen A, Santopetro N, Klawohn J, McGhie S, Bruchnak A, Lowe M, Taboas W, Brush CJ, Hajcak G. Multiple Adaptive Attention-Bias-Modification Programs to Alter Normative Increase in the Error-Related Negativity in Adolescents. Clin Psychol Sci 2024; 12:447-467. [PMID: 39040548 PMCID: PMC11262561 DOI: 10.1177/21677026231170563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
In the current article, we examined the impact of two home-delivered attentional-bias-modification (ABM) programs on a biomarker of anxiety (i.e., the error-related negativity [ERN]). The ERN is sensitivity to ABM-related changes; however, it is unclear whether ABM exerts its influence on the ERN and anxiety by increasing general attentional control or by disengaging spatial allocation of attention. In this study, we measured the ERN, anxiety, attention bias, and attention control before and after two versions of ABM training and a waitlist control group in 546 adolescents. An ABM designed to increase attention control modulated the ERN but had no impact on anxiety. An ABM designed to reduce attentional bias changed bias and self-reported anxiety in youths but had no impact on the ERN or parent-reported anxiety. These results suggest that the ERN and normative anxiety may be modified using attention training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Amir
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University
| | | | - Alex Kallen
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University
| | | | | | - Shaan McGhie
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University
| | | | - Magen Lowe
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University
| | | | - C. J. Brush
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University
| | - Greg Hajcak
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University
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Ding X, Zheng L, Liu Y, Zhang W, Wang N, Duan H, Wu J. Parenting Styles and Psychological Resilience: The Mediating Role of Error Monitoring. Biol Psychol 2023; 180:108587. [PMID: 37224937 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Parenting styles are associated with children's psychological resilience. However, the underlying mechanisms of this have not been investigated. Parenting styles influence how individuals respond to self-inflicted errors, and error monitoring is related to psychological resilience. Therefore, this study proposed that error monitoring might be a bridging factor between parenting styles and psychological resilience. Seventy-two young healthy adults were recruited for this study. Parenting styles were assessed using the Parental Bonding Instrument, and psychological resilience was measured using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. Error monitoring was investigated in the Flanker task using event-related potentials (ERPs), and two error-related components of ERPs were measured: error-related negativity (ERN) and error positivity. Mediation analyses showed that the ERN partially mediated the relationship between parenting styles and psychological resilience. Specifically, a higher level of self-reported parental overprotection was related to larger ERN amplitude, which in turn was associated with lower psychological resilience. Additionally, a higher level of self-reported parental allowance of autonomy was related to lower ERN amplitude, which in turn was linked to higher psychological resilience. These results suggest that shaping children's sensitivity in early automatic error detection is one possible mechanism through which parental styles influence their psychological resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Ding
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Lin Zheng
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Yutong Liu
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Wenya Zhang
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Naiyi Wang
- Institute of Educational Psychology and School Counseling, Faculty of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Hongxia Duan
- Donders-Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Jianhui Wu
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
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Letkiewicz AM, Spring JD, Li LY, Weinberg A, Shankman SA. Childhood trauma predicts blunted error monitoring in adulthood: An event-related potential study. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2023; 23:427-439. [PMID: 36653556 PMCID: PMC10065923 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-023-01061-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Abuse and neglect have detrimental consequences on emotional and cognitive functioning during childhood and adolescence, including error monitoring, which is a critical aspect of cognition that has been implicated in certain internalizing and externalizing psychopathologies. It is unclear, however, whether (a) childhood trauma has effects on error monitoring and, furthermore whether, (b) error monitoring mediates the relation between childhood trauma and psychopathology in adulthood. To this end, in a large sample of young adults (ages 18-30) who were oversampled for psychopathology (N = 390), the present study assessed relations between childhood trauma and error-related negativity (ERN), which is a widely used neurophysiological indicator of error monitoring. Cumulative childhood trauma predicted ERN blunting, as did two specific types of traumas: sexual abuse and emotional neglect. Furthermore, the ERN partially mediated the effects of cumulative childhood trauma and emotional neglect on externalizing-related symptoms. Future studies should further examine the relations between childhood trauma and error monitoring in adulthood, which can help to inform intervention approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M Letkiewicz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, 680 N. Lakeshore Drive, Suite 1520, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Justin D Spring
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, 680 N. Lakeshore Drive, Suite 1520, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Lilian Y Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, 680 N. Lakeshore Drive, Suite 1520, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Anna Weinberg
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stewart A Shankman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, 680 N. Lakeshore Drive, Suite 1520, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Jones EE, Kreutzer KA, Manzler CA, Evans EG, Gorka SM. Type of Trauma Exposure Impacts Neural Reactivity to Errors. J PSYCHOPHYSIOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Abstract. Studies suggest that individuals with a history of trauma exposure display abnormal reactivity to threat, though the pattern of findings across prior studies has been inconsistent. At least two factors likely contribute to previous discrepant findings: (1) the type of index trauma event and (2) the type of threat paradigm. Accordingly, the current study aimed to examine the impact of trauma type on a specific psychophysiological index of threat sensitivity – error negativity (Ne), also described as error-related negativity (ERN). Young adults were classified into three groups: lifetime history of interpersonal trauma (i.e., sexual assault, physical assault, or immediate family violence; n = 30), lifetime history of a non-interpersonal trauma (e.g., accidents, natural disasters; n = 30), or no lifetime history of trauma ( n = 64). All participants completed a well-validated flanker task designed to elicit the Ne/ERN during continuous electroencephalographic (EEG) data collection. Results indicated that individuals with non-interpersonal trauma exposure displayed reduced Ne/ERN amplitude compared with the other two groups (who did not differ from each other). Broadly, these findings highlight the importance of trauma type and theory suggesting different forms of trauma may result in different neurobiological profiles. These findings also add to a growing literature indicating that non-interpersonal traumas may be uniquely associated with blunted threat sensitivity and deficiencies in self-monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E. Jones
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kayla A. Kreutzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Charles A. Manzler
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Emily G. Evans
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Stephanie M. Gorka
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Ding X, Fang H, Liu Y, Zheng L, Zhu X, Duan H, Wu J. Neurocognitive correlates of psychological resilience: Event-related potential studies. J Affect Disord 2022; 312:100-106. [PMID: 35732221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a growing interest in exploring the neurocognitive mechanisms that may underlie psychological resilience. However, how the bottom-up automatic information processing relates to trait resilience has received less attention. We aimed to explore the relationship between trait resilience and trait-like automatic information processing in healthy adults. METHODS Eighty-four healthy adults were recruited to explore whether and how resilience was related to sensory sensitivity by event-related potentials (ERPs). Resilience was measured by Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Sensory sensitivity, more specifically, sensitivity of automatic mismatch detection was measured by two ERPs components, i.e., the mismatch negativity (MMN) with a passive auditory oddball paradigm and the error-related negativity (ERN) with an auditory Go/NoGo task. Using the multiple linear regression analyses, the relationship between self-reported resilience and the sensitivity of automatic mismatch detection (MMN/ERN amplitude/latency) was explored. RESULTS The results showed that psychological resilience was positively correlated with both MMN and ERN latencies, i.e., higher resilience scores were associated with delayed MMN and ERN latencies. However, resilience was not significantly correlated with MMN and ERN amplitudes. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that relatively higher resilience might link with less sensory sensitivity as reflected by slower automatic detection to mismatch information in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Ding
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Center for Brain Disorder and Cognitive Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Huihua Fang
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Center for Brain Disorder and Cognitive Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Department of Psychology, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Yutong Liu
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Center for Brain Disorder and Cognitive Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Lin Zheng
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Center for Brain Disorder and Cognitive Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiangru Zhu
- Institute of Cognition, Brain, and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Institute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Hongxia Duan
- Center for Brain Disorder and Cognitive Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Donders-Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Kapittelweg 29, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jianhui Wu
- Center for Brain Disorder and Cognitive Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen 518057, China.
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Banica I, Sandre A, Shields GS, Slavich GM, Weinberg A. Associations between lifetime stress exposure and the error-related negativity (ERN) differ based on stressor characteristics and exposure timing in young adults. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 22:672-689. [PMID: 33821458 PMCID: PMC8490486 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-021-00883-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Life stress increases risk for multiple forms of psychopathology, in part by altering neural processes involved in performance monitoring. However, the ways in which these stress-cognition effects are influenced by the specific timing and types of life stressors experienced remains poorly understood. To address this gap, we examined how different social-psychological characteristics and developmental timing of stressors are related to the error-related negativity (ERN), a negative-going deflection in the event-related potential (ERP) waveform that is observed from 0 to 100 ms following error commission. A sample of 203 emerging adults performed an ERN-eliciting arrow flanker task and completed an interview-based measure of lifetime stress exposure. Adjusting for stress severity during other developmental periods, there was a small-to-medium effect of stress on performance monitoring, such that more severe total stress exposure, as well as more severe social-evaluative stress in particular, experienced during early adolescence significantly predicted an enhanced ERN. These results suggest that early adolescence may be a sensitive developmental period during which stress exposure may result in lasting adaptations to neural networks implicated in performance monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulia Banica
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, 2001 McGill College Avenue, Montréal, Québec, H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Aislinn Sandre
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, 2001 McGill College Avenue, Montréal, Québec, H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Grant S Shields
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - George M Slavich
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anna Weinberg
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, 2001 McGill College Avenue, Montréal, Québec, H3A 1G1, Canada.
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Michael JA, Wang M, Kaur M, Fitzgerald PB, Fitzgibbon BM, Hoy KE. EEG correlates of attentional control in anxiety disorders: A systematic review of error-related negativity and correct-response negativity findings. J Affect Disord 2021; 291:140-153. [PMID: 34038831 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety disorders are highly prevalent and cause substantial personal, social and economic burden. Altered attentional control has been shown to be present across anxiety disorders and is associated with specific changes in brain activity which can be recorded by electroencephalogram (EEG). These include changes in the EEG markers of error-related negativity (ERN) and correct-response negativity (CRN), both believed to reflect response monitoring and attentional control pathophysiology in anxiety. The aim of this review was to systematically assess the research on ERN and CRN in attentional control in individuals with clinical anxiety and healthy controls, across emotional and non-emotional attentional control. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted for studies published prior to October 22nd, 2020. Details of the protocol for this systematic review were registered on PROSPERO (CRD42019144885). RESULTS 66 studies had their data extracted. All 66 studies measured ERN, with 85% finding significantly increased ERN amplitudes associated with clinical anxiety. Only 44 of the extracted studies analysed CRN and only ~20% of these found significant changes in CRN amplitude associated with individuals with clinical anxiety. LIMITATIONS There were several anxiety disorders that had either limited literature (i.e. specific phobia, separation anxiety disorder or agoraphobia) or nil literature (i.e. selective mutism) available. No extracted studies included samples of older adults (i.e. aged 60+ years), and only six extracted studies included measures of emotional attentional control. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate the promising utility of ERN of attentional control as a robust, transdiagnostic trait marker of clinical anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Michael
- Epworth Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, Epworth Healthcare and Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, 888 Toorak Rd, Camberwell, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Michael Wang
- Epworth Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, Epworth Healthcare and Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, 888 Toorak Rd, Camberwell, Victoria, Australia
| | - Manreena Kaur
- Epworth Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, Epworth Healthcare and Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, 888 Toorak Rd, Camberwell, Victoria, Australia; Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul B Fitzgerald
- Epworth Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, Epworth Healthcare and Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, 888 Toorak Rd, Camberwell, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bernadette M Fitzgibbon
- Epworth Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, Epworth Healthcare and Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, 888 Toorak Rd, Camberwell, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kate E Hoy
- Epworth Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, Epworth Healthcare and Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, 888 Toorak Rd, Camberwell, Victoria, Australia
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10
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The association between parenting and the error-related negativity across childhood and adolescence. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2020; 45:100852. [PMID: 32890958 PMCID: PMC7479325 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Anxiety is the most common form of psychopathology, and it is often characterized by chronic impairment across the lifespan. Researchers have identified core neural markers that confer risk for anxious outcomes. An increased error-related negativity (ERN) in anxious individuals has been shown to prospectively predict onset of anxiety disorders across development. Hence, it is critical to examine environmental factors that may shape the ERN. In the current study, we use a large sample of 170 female adolescents aged 10-17 to investigate whether the ERN mediates the relationship between parenting style and anxiety diagnostic status. This study replicates previous findings, and it extends previous work by suggesting that this relationship is more robust in young children as compared to adolescents. Interventions targeting the ERN via parenting may be most effective during childhood.
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11
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Härpfer K, Carsten HP, Spychalski D, Kathmann N, Riesel A. Were we erring? The impact of worry and arousal on error-related negativity in a non-clinical sample. Psychophysiology 2020; 57:e13661. [PMID: 32804403 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The monitoring of one's own actions allows humans to adjust to a changing and complex world. Previous neuroscientific research found overactive action monitoring and increased sensitivity to errors to be associated with anxiety and it is assumed to contribute to the development and maintenance of anxiety symptoms. A largely shared decomposition of anxiety differentiates two dimensions: anxious apprehension (i.e., worry) and anxious arousal (i.e., physiological hyperarousal). Alterations in neural correlates of error monitoring have been more closely linked to anxious apprehension compared to anxious arousal. This study examined the relationship between anxiety dimensions and electrophysiological correlates of action monitoring (i.e., error-related negativity, ERN, and correct-response negativity, CRN). A total of 135 non-clinical participants performed a flanker task while their electroencephalogram was recorded. We recruited participants with converging and diverging anxiety dimension profiles (i.e., above or below median in anxious apprehension and anxious arousal or above median in one and below in the other dimension). This grouping strategy facilitates disentangling possible interactions and allows the investigation of the isolated effect of each anxiety dimension. Regression analyses did not reveal a significant main or interaction effect of anxiety dimensions on ERN or CRN, irrespective of gender. In addition, Bayesian statistical analyzes yielded evidence for the absence of an association between both anxiety dimensions and ERN and CRN. Altogether, our results suggest that the association of anxiety dimensions, particularly anxious apprehension, and action monitoring might be smaller in non-clinical samples as previous studies indicate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Härpfer
- Department of Psychology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Daniel Spychalski
- Department of Psychology, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Norbert Kathmann
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Riesel
- Department of Psychology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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12
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Banica I, Sandre A, Shields GS, Slavich GM, Weinberg A. The error-related negativity (ERN) moderates the association between interpersonal stress and anxiety symptoms six months later. Int J Psychophysiol 2020; 153:27-36. [PMID: 32277956 PMCID: PMC7335004 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are often preceded by interpersonal stress; however, most individuals who experience stress do not develop anxiety, making it difficult to predict who is most susceptible to stress. One proposed trans-diagnostic neural risk marker for anxiety is the error-related negativity (ERN), a negative deflection in the event-related potential waveform occurring within 100 ms of error commission. The present study sought to investigate whether interpersonal stress experienced over the course of a year interacts with ERN magnitude to prospectively predict anxiety symptoms. A sample of 57 emerging adults performed an arrow flanker task to elicit the ERN at the start of the academic school year (time one). Toward the end of the academic year (time two), participants reported on past-year interpersonal stress and anxiety symptoms. Stress interacted with ERN magnitude to predict anxiety symptoms, whereby, for individuals with an enhanced ERN at time one, greater interpersonal stress over the course of a year was significantly associated with increased anxiety symptoms at time two, even controlling for anxiety symptoms at time one. These findings suggest that enhanced performance monitoring may render individuals more susceptible to the adverse effects of interpersonal stress, thereby increasing risk for heightened anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulia Banica
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Aislinn Sandre
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Grant S Shields
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, CA 95618, USA
| | - George M Slavich
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Anna Weinberg
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1G1, Canada.
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13
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Riesel A. The erring brain: Error-related negativity as an endophenotype for OCD-A review and meta-analysis. Psychophysiology 2020; 56:e13348. [PMID: 30838682 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a complex and heterogeneous disorder that is associated with high personal and societal costs. Feelings of doubt, worry, and repetitive behavior, key symptoms of OCD, have been linked to hyperactive error signals in the brain. The error-related negativity (ERN) represents a validated marker of error processing in the ERP. Increased ERN amplitudes in OCD have been reported very robustly over the last 20 years. This article integrates results from 38 studies analyzing the ERN in OCD, using a quantitative meta-analysis. Meta-regressions were used to examine potential moderators such as task type, symptom severity, age, and sample size. The meta-analysis reveals a robust increase of ERN in OCD patients compared to healthy participants in response-conflict tasks (SMD -0.55) that is not modulated by symptom severity and age. No increase in ERN in OCD was observed in tasks that do not induce response conflict (SMD -0.10). In addition to the meta-analysis, the current article reviews evidence supporting that increased ERN amplitudes in OCD fulfill central criteria for an endophenotype. Further, the specificity of increased ERN amplitudes for OCD and its suitability as a potential transdiagnostic endophenotype is discussed. Finally, the clinical utility and clinical applications are examined. Overall, the evidence that increased ERN amplitudes represent a promising endophenotype indicating vulnerability for OCD is compelling. Furthermore, alterations in ERN are not limited to OCD and may constitute a transdiagnostic endophenotype. Altered neural error signals might serve as a diagnostic or predictive marker and represent a promising target for interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Riesel
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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14
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Neither wrong nor right: Theta and delta power increase during performance monitoring under conditions of uncertainty. Int J Psychophysiol 2019; 146:225-239. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2019.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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15
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ERN as a transdiagnostic marker of the internalizing-externalizing spectrum: A dissociable meta-analytic effect. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 103:133-149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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16
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Butt M, Espinal E, Aupperle RL, Nikulina V, Stewart JL. The Electrical Aftermath: Brain Signals of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Filtered Through a Clinical Lens. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:368. [PMID: 31214058 PMCID: PMC6555259 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aims to identify patterns of electrical signals identified using electroencephalography (EEG) linked to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis and symptom dimensions. We filter EEG findings through a clinical lens, evaluating nuances in findings according to study criteria and participant characteristics. Within the EEG frequency domain, greater right than left parietal asymmetry in alpha band power is the most promising marker of PTSD symptoms and is linked to exaggerated physiological arousal that may impair filtering of environmental distractors. The most consistent findings within the EEG time domain focused on event related potentials (ERPs) include: 1) exaggerated frontocentral responses (contingent negative variation, mismatch negativity, and P3a amplitudes) to task-irrelevant distractors, and 2) attenuated parietal responses (P3b amplitudes) to task-relevant target stimuli. These findings suggest that some individuals with PTSD suffer from attention dysregulation, which could contribute to problems concentrating on daily tasks and goals in lieu of threatening distractors. Future research investigating the utility of alpha asymmetry and frontoparietal ERPs as diagnostic and predictive biomarkers or intervention targets are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamona Butt
- Department of Psychology, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY, United States
| | - Elizabeth Espinal
- Department of Psychology, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY, United States
| | - Robin L Aupperle
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States.,Department of Community Medicine, Oxley College of Health Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Valentina Nikulina
- Department of Psychology, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY, United States.,Department of Psychology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jennifer L Stewart
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States.,Department of Community Medicine, Oxley College of Health Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
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17
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Meyer A, Carlton C, Crisler S, Kallen A. The development of the error-related negativity in large sample of adolescent females: Associations with anxiety symptoms. Biol Psychol 2018; 138:96-103. [PMID: 30201401 PMCID: PMC6279523 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety is the most common form of psychopathology and tends to begin early in the course of development. Given this, there is great interest in identifying developmental changes in neural systems that may delineate healthy versus anxious trajectories. A substantial amount of work has focused on the error-related negativity as a neural marker of anxiety. The ERN is a negative deflection in the event-related potential that occurs when individuals make mistakes and is increased in anxious individuals. A separate body of work has focused on normative developmental changes in the ERN - demonstrating an age-related increase in the ERN that occurs across childhood and adolescence. In the current study, we examine the ERN in relation to specific phenotypic expressions of anxiety during a core risk period in a sample of females (N = 220) ranging from 8 to 14 years old. Results from the current study suggest that error-related brain activity is related to both parent and child report of social anxiety symptoms, even when controlling for all other symptom scales. Additionally, mediation models suggest that the normative developmental increase observed in the ERN is partially mediated by increases in social anxiety symptoms. The current results are novel insofar as they identify a specific phenotypic expression of anxiety that underlies developmental increases in this neural biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria Meyer
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, 1107W Call St., Tallahassee, FL, 32304, United States.
| | - Corinne Carlton
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, 1107W Call St., Tallahassee, FL, 32304, United States
| | - Sierah Crisler
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, 1107W Call St., Tallahassee, FL, 32304, United States
| | - Alex Kallen
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, 1107W Call St., Tallahassee, FL, 32304, United States
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18
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Khan NI, Burkhouse KL, Lieberman L, Gorka SM, DiGangi JA, Schroth C, Frederick A, Kennedy AE, Aase DM, Greenstein JE, Proescher E, Hajcak G, Phan KL. Individual differences in combat experiences and error-related brain activity in OEF/OIF/OND veterans. Int J Psychophysiol 2018; 129:52-57. [PMID: 29704581 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Increased error-related negativity (ERN) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of multiple forms of psychopathology. Although there is increasing evidence that the ERN can be shaped by environment and experience, no studies to date have examined this question in a clinical sample. In the current study, we examined the influence of combat exposure on the ERN using electroencephalogram (EEG) in a sample of military veterans with a high prevalence of psychopathology. Participants included sixty-seven U.S. military veterans from Operations Enduring Freedom, Iraqi Freedom, and New Dawn (OEF/OIF/OND). The degree of combat exposure was assessed using the Deployment Risk and Resilience Inventory-2 (DRRI-2) and Combat Exposure Scale (CES). A well-validated flanker task was used to elicit the ERN during continuous EEG recording. Results revealed that veterans who reported experiencing greater combat exposure exhibited a more enhanced ERN, even when adjusting for broad anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. The association between combat exposure and ERN was not moderated by PTSD symptom severity. The current study demonstrates that greater combat exposure is associated with a more enhanced ERN among OEF/OIF/OND veterans. This enhanced ERN may be one mechanism that places veterans at greater risk for developing psychiatric disorders following exposure to combat. Future longitudinal studies are needed to directly test whether the ERN mediates the relation between level of combat exposure and the development of internalizing disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narmeen I Khan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States
| | - Katie L Burkhouse
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States.
| | - Lynne Lieberman
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States
| | - Stephanie M Gorka
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States
| | - Julia A DiGangi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States
| | | | - Alyssa Frederick
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States
| | - Amy E Kennedy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States
| | - Darrin M Aase
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States; Mental Health Service Line, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, United States; College of Health and Human Services, Governors State University, United States
| | - Justin E Greenstein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States; Mental Health Service Line, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, United States
| | - Eric Proescher
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States; Mental Health Service Line, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, United States
| | - Greg Hajcak
- Florida State University, Department of Psychology and Biological Sciences, United States
| | - K Luan Phan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States; Mental Health Service Line, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, United States
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19
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Meyer A, Hajcak G, Torpey-Newman D, Kujawa A, Olino TM, Dyson M, Klein DN. Early temperamental fearfulness and the developmental trajectory of error-related brain activity. Dev Psychobiol 2018; 60:224-231. [PMID: 29344944 PMCID: PMC5815917 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The error-related negativity (ERN) is a negative deflection in the event-related potential waveform that occurs when an individual makes a mistake, and an increased ERN has been proposed as a biomarker for anxiety. However, previous work suggests that fearful children are characterized by a smaller ERN. We have proposed that this may reflect the changing phenomenology of anxiety across development. In the current study, we investigate this possibility using a longitudinal within-subject design. In 271 children, we completed observational measures of fear when the children were 3 years old, and then measured the ERN when the children were 6 and 9 years old. Fearful children were characterized by a decreased ERN when they were 6-year-old; by age 9, the same children who were fearful at age 3 had increased ERNs-a pattern that closely resembles that of anxious adolescents and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria Meyer
- Corresponding Author: Department of Psychology, Florida State University, 1107 W Call St., Tallahassee, FL 32304, Phone: 850-692-8110,
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20
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Gorka SM, Burkhouse KL, Afshar K, Phan KL. Error-related brain activity and internalizing disorder symptom dimensions in depression and anxiety. Depress Anxiety 2017; 34:985-995. [PMID: 28940987 DOI: 10.1002/da.22648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research suggests that enhanced neural reactivity to errors, measured via the error-related negativity (ERN), is relatively unique to internalizing psychopathologies (IPs) and symptom clusters characterized by excessive worry and apprehension. However, no prior study has tested the association between the ERN and IP symptom dimensions in a heterogeneous, clinically representative patient population. The current study was designed to address this gap in the literature and clarify the role of the ERN in an adult IP treatment-seeking patient sample. METHOD Eighty-five participants completed a well-validated flanker task known to robustly elicit the ERN and a battery of questionnaires assessing a range of IP symptoms. All participants had at least one IP diagnosis and over 75% had co-occurring IPs. A principal components analysis (PCA) was performed on the questionnaire data indicating two distinct factors that characterized the IP sample: affective distress/misery and fear-based anxiety. RESULTS Analyses indicated that within this sample, an enhanced ERN, but not CRN, was associated with greater fear-based anxiety symptoms but had no relation with distress/misery symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Together, these findings indicate that an enhanced ERN may not be specific to worry/apprehension and may extend to the IP fear dimension. The results also converge with a broader literature suggesting that fear-based psychopathology is characterized by an exaggerated reactivity to threat and this objective, psychophysiological response tendency may distinguish fear disorders from distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Gorka
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Katie L Burkhouse
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kaveh Afshar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - K Luan Phan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Mental Health Service Line, Chicago, IL, USA
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21
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Lieberman L, Gorka SM, Funkhouser CJ, Shankman SA, Phan KL. Impact of posttraumatic stress symptom dimensions on psychophysiological reactivity to threat and reward. J Psychiatr Res 2017; 92:55-63. [PMID: 28410485 PMCID: PMC10593111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) are associated with significant distress and impairment. Research has therefore focused on identifying neurobehavioral deficits that contribute to the pathophysiology of PTSS. One issue that has contributed to difficulty in identifying these deficits is the highly heterogeneous nature of PTSS. PTSS is comprised of four, factor analytically distinct dimensions of symptoms - re-experiencing, avoidance, hyperarousal, and negative cognitions and mood. It is therefore unlikely that there is one single mechanism that accounts for all of PTSS and elucidating neurobehavioral deficits associated with specific PTSS symptom dimensions may better inform clinical prevention and intervention efforts. Within the broader internalizing disorder literature, two key constructs that contribute to psychopathology are aberrant neural reactivity to threat and reward. However, the literature linking PTSS to these deficits is mixed, suggesting that aberrant neural reactivity to threat or reward may be specific to certain PTSS dimensions. In a sample of 51 trauma-exposed adults with a range PTSS, the present study therefore examined how the four dimensions of PTSS uniquely relate to two well-validated event-related potential (ERP) neural indices of threat and reward reactivity - the error-related negativity (ERN) and reward-related positivity (RewP), respectively. Results indicated that hyperarousal symptoms were associated with enhanced ERN, and enhanced RewP. In contrast, negative cognitions and mood symptoms were uniquely associated with a more blunted RewP. These results indicate that certain PTSS symptom dimensions have unique relations with neural indicators of threat and reward reactivity and may therefore have distinct pathophysiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne Lieberman
- University of Illinois-Chicago, Department of Psychology, 1007 West Harrison St. (M/C 285), Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Stephanie M Gorka
- University of Illinois-Chicago, Department of Psychiatry, 1747 West Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL 60608, USA
| | - Carter J Funkhouser
- University of Illinois-Chicago, Department of Psychology, 1007 West Harrison St. (M/C 285), Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Stewart A Shankman
- University of Illinois-Chicago, Department of Psychology, 1007 West Harrison St. (M/C 285), Chicago, IL 60607, USA; University of Illinois-Chicago, Department of Psychiatry, 1747 West Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL 60608, USA
| | - K Luan Phan
- University of Illinois-Chicago, Department of Psychology, 1007 West Harrison St. (M/C 285), Chicago, IL 60607, USA; University of Illinois-Chicago, Department of Psychiatry, 1747 West Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL 60608, USA; University of Illinois-Chicago, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Graduate Program in Neuroscience, 808 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Mental Health Service Line, 820 S. Damen Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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22
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Yoris A, García AM, Traiber L, Santamaría-García H, Martorell M, Alifano F, Kichic R, Moser JS, Cetkovich M, Manes F, Ibáñez A, Sedeño L. The inner world of overactive monitoring: neural markers of interoception in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychol Med 2017; 47:1957-1970. [PMID: 28374658 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291717000368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients typically overmonitor their own behavior, as shown by symptoms of excessive doubt and checking. Although this is well established for the patients' relationship with external stimuli in the environment, no study has explored their monitoring of internal body signals, a process known to be affected in anxiety-related syndromes. Here, we explored this issue through a cardiac interoception task that measures sensing of heartbeats. Our aim was to explore key behavioral and electrophysiological aspects of internal-cue monitoring in OCD, while examining their potential distinctiveness in this condition. METHOD We administered a heartbeat detection (HBD) task (with related interoceptive confidence and awareness measures) to three matched groups (OCD patients, panic disorder patients, healthy controls) and recorded ongoing modulations of two task-relevant electrophysiological markers: the heart evoked potential (HEP) and the motor potential (MP). RESULTS Behaviorally, OCD patients outperformed controls and panic patients in the HBD task. Moreover, they exhibited greater amplitude modulation of both the HEP and the MP during cardiac interoception. However, they evinced poorer confidence and awareness of their interoceptive skills. CONCLUSIONS Convergent behavioral and electrophysiological data showed that overactive monitoring in OCD extends to the sensing of internal bodily signals. Moreover, this pattern discriminated OCD from panic patients, suggesting a condition-distinctive alteration. Our results highlight the potential of exploring interoceptive processes in the OCD spectrum to better characterize the population's cognitive profile. Finally, these findings may lay new bridges between somatic theories of emotion and cognitive models of OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Yoris
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN),Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University,Buenos Aires,Argentina
| | - A M García
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN),Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University,Buenos Aires,Argentina
| | - L Traiber
- Anxiety and Trauma Clinic, INECO (Institute of Cognitive Neurology),Buenos Aires,Argentina
| | - H Santamaría-García
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN),Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University,Buenos Aires,Argentina
| | - M Martorell
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN),Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University,Buenos Aires,Argentina
| | - F Alifano
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN),Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University,Buenos Aires,Argentina
| | - R Kichic
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN),Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University,Buenos Aires,Argentina
| | - J S Moser
- Department of Psychology,Michigan State University,East Lansing, MI,USA
| | - M Cetkovich
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN),Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University,Buenos Aires,Argentina
| | - F Manes
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN),Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University,Buenos Aires,Argentina
| | - A Ibáñez
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN),Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University,Buenos Aires,Argentina
| | - L Sedeño
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN),Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University,Buenos Aires,Argentina
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23
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Gillan CM, Fineberg NA, Robbins TW. A trans-diagnostic perspective on obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychol Med 2017; 47:1528-1548. [PMID: 28343453 PMCID: PMC5964477 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291716002786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Progress in understanding the underlying neurobiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has stalled in part because of the considerable problem of heterogeneity within this diagnostic category, and homogeneity across other putatively discrete, diagnostic categories. As psychiatry begins to recognize the shortcomings of a purely symptom-based psychiatric nosology, new data-driven approaches have begun to be utilized with the goal of solving these problems: specifically, identifying trans-diagnostic aspects of clinical phenomenology based on their association with neurobiological processes. In this review, we describe key methodological approaches to understanding OCD from this perspective and highlight the candidate traits that have already been identified as a result of these early endeavours. We discuss how important inferences can be made from pre-existing case-control studies as well as showcasing newer methods that rely on large general population datasets to refine and validate psychiatric phenotypes. As exemplars, we take 'compulsivity' and 'anxiety', putatively trans-diagnostic symptom dimensions that are linked to well-defined neurobiological mechanisms, goal-directed learning and error-related negativity, respectively. We argue that the identification of biologically valid, more homogeneous, dimensions such as these provides renewed optimism for identifying reliable genetic contributions to OCD and other disorders, improving animal models and critically, provides a path towards a future of more targeted psychiatric treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. M. Gillan
- Department of Psychology,
New York University, New York, NY,
USA
- Department of Psychology,
University of Cambridge, Cambridge,
UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute,
University of Cambridge, Cambridge,
UK
| | - N. A. Fineberg
- National Obsessive Compulsive Disorders Specialist
Service, Hertfordshire Partnership NHS University Foundation
Trust, UK
- Department of Postgraduate Medicine,
University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield,
UK
| | - T. W. Robbins
- Department of Psychology,
University of Cambridge, Cambridge,
UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute,
University of Cambridge, Cambridge,
UK
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24
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Gorka SM, MacNamara A, Aase DM, Proescher E, Greenstein JE, Walters R, Passi H, Babione JM, Levy DM, Kennedy AE, DiGangi JA, Rabinak CA, Schroth C, Afshar K, Fitzgerald J, Hajcak G, Phan KL. Impact of alcohol use disorder comorbidity on defensive reactivity to errors in veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2016; 30:733-742. [PMID: 27786513 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Converging lines of evidence suggest that individuals with comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) may be characterized by heightened defensive reactivity, which serves to maintain drinking behaviors and anxiety/hyperarousal symptoms. However, it is important to note that very few studies have directly tested whether individuals with PTSD and AUD exhibit greater defensive reactivity compared with individuals with PTSD without AUD. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to test this emerging hypothesis by examining individual differences in error-related negativity (ERN), an event-related component that is larger among anxious individuals and is thought to reflect defensive reactivity to errors. Participants were 66 military veterans who completed a well-validated flanker task known to robustly elicit the ERN. Veterans were comprised of 3 groups: controls (i.e., no PTSD or AUD), PTSD-AUD (i.e., current PTSD but no AUD), and PTSD + AUD (i.e., current comorbid PTSD and AUD). Results indicated that individuals with PTSD and controls generally did not differ in ERN amplitude. However, among individuals with PTSD, those with comorbid AUD had significantly larger ERNs than those without AUD. These findings suggest that PTSD + AUD is a neurobiologically unique subtype of PTSD, and the comorbidity of AUD may enhance defensive reactivity to errors in individuals with PTSD. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Darrin M Aase
- Mental Health Service Line, Jesse Brown Veterans Administration Medical Center
| | - Eric Proescher
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Justin E Greenstein
- Mental Health Service Line, Jesse Brown Veterans Administration Medical Center
| | - Robert Walters
- Mental Health Service Line, Jesse Brown Veterans Administration Medical Center
| | - Holly Passi
- Mental Health Service Line, Jesse Brown Veterans Administration Medical Center
| | - Joseph M Babione
- Mental Health Service Line, Jesse Brown Veterans Administration Medical Center
| | - David M Levy
- Mental Health Service Line, Jesse Brown Veterans Administration Medical Center
| | - Amy E Kennedy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago
| | | | | | | | - Kaveh Afshar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago
| | | | - Greg Hajcak
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University
| | - K Luan Phan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago
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25
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Developing Psychiatric Biomarkers: a Review Focusing on the Error-Related Negativity as a Biomarker for Anxiety. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40501-016-0094-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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26
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Weinberg A, Meyer A, Hale-Rude E, Perlman G, Kotov R, Klein DN, Hajcak G. Error-related negativity (ERN) and sustained threat: Conceptual framework and empirical evaluation in an adolescent sample. Psychophysiology 2016; 53:372-85. [PMID: 26877129 PMCID: PMC4756390 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The error-related negativity (ERN) currently appears as a physiological measure in relation to three Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) constructs: Cognitive Control, Sustained Threat, and Reward Learning. We propose a conceptual model in which variance in the ERN reflects individual differences in the degree to which errors are evaluated as threatening. We also discuss evidence for the placement of the ERN in the "Sustained Threat" construct, as well as evidence that the ERN may more specifically reflect sensitivity to endogenous threat. Following this, we present data from a sample of 515 adolescent females demonstrating a larger ERN in relation to self-reported checking behaviors, but only in older adolescents, suggesting that sensitivity to internal threat and the ERN-checking relationship may follow a developmental course as adolescents develop behavioral control. In contrast, depressive symptoms were linked to a smaller ERN, and this association was invariant with respect to age. Collectively, these data suggest that the magnitude of the ERN is sensitive both to specific anxiety-related processes and depression, in opposing directions that may reflect variation in internal threat sensitivity. We discuss directions for future research, as well as ways in which findings for the ERN complement and challenge aspects of the current RDoC matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Greg Perlman
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University
| | - Roman Kotov
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University
| | | | - Greg Hajcak
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University
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Moser JS, Moran TP, Kneip C, Schroder HS, Larson MJ. Sex moderates the association between symptoms of anxiety, but not obsessive compulsive disorder, and error-monitoring brain activity: A meta-analytic review. Psychophysiology 2015; 53:21-9. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason S. Moser
- Department of Psychology; Michigan State University; East Lansing Michigan USA
| | - Tim P. Moran
- Department of Psychology; Michigan State University; East Lansing Michigan USA
| | - Chelsea Kneip
- Department of Psychology; Michigan State University; East Lansing Michigan USA
| | - Hans S. Schroder
- Department of Psychology; Michigan State University; East Lansing Michigan USA
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Intact error monitoring in combat Veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychiatry Res 2015; 234:227-38. [PMID: 26481979 PMCID: PMC5645022 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2015.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The error-related negativity (ERN) is a neuroelectric signature of performance monitoring during speeded response time tasks. Previous studies indicate that individuals with anxiety disorders show ERN enhancements that correlate with the degree of clinical symptomology. Less is known about the error monitoring system in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD is characterized by impairments in the regulation of fear and other emotional responses, as well as deficits in maintaining cognitive control. Here, combat Veterans with PTSD were compared to control Veterans in two different versions of the flanker task (n=13 or 14 per group). Replicating and extending previous findings, PTSD patients showed an intact ERN in both experiments. In addition, task performance and error compensation behavior were intact. Finally, ERN amplitude showed no relationship with self-reported PTSD, depression, or post-concussive symptoms. These results suggest that error monitoring represents a relative strength in PTSD that can dissociate from cognitive control functions that are impaired, such as response inhibition and sustained attention. A healthy awareness of errors in external actions could be leveraged to improve interoceptive awareness of emotional state. The results could have positive implications for PTSD treatments that rely on self-monitoring abilities, such as neurofeedback and mindfulness training.
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Weinberg A, Dieterich R, Riesel A. Error-related brain activity in the age of RDoC: A review of the literature. Int J Psychophysiol 2015; 98:276-299. [PMID: 25746725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2015.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The ability to detect and respond to errors is critical to successful adaptation to a changing environment. The error-related negativity (ERN), an event-related potential (ERP) component, is a well-validated neural response to errors and reflects the error monitoring activity of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Additionally, the ERN is implicated in several processes key to adaptive functioning. Abnormalities in error-related brain activity have been linked to multiple forms of psychopathology and individual differences. As such, the component is likely to be useful in NIMH's Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative to establish biologically-meaningful dimensions of psychological dysfunction, and currently appears as a unit of measurement in three RDoC domains: Positive Valence Systems, Negative Valence Systems, and Cognitive Systems. In this review paper, we introduce the ERN and discuss evidence related to its psychometric properties, as well as important task differences. Following this, we discuss evidence linking the ERN to clinically diverse forms of psychopathology, as well as the implications of one unit of measurement appearing in multiple RDoC dimensions. And finally, we discuss important future directions, as well as research pathways by which the ERN might be leveraged to track the ways in which dysfunctions in multiple neural systems interact to influence psychological well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Weinberg
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States.
| | - Raoul Dieterich
- Clinical Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Riesel
- Clinical Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany
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Specificity of performance monitoring changes in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 46 Pt 1:124-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Moser JS, Moran TP, Schroder HS, Donnellan MB, Yeung N. On the relationship between anxiety and error monitoring: a meta-analysis and conceptual framework. Front Hum Neurosci 2013; 7:466. [PMID: 23966928 PMCID: PMC3744033 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Research involving event-related brain potentials has revealed that anxiety is associated with enhanced error monitoring, as reflected in increased amplitude of the error-related negativity (ERN). The nature of the relationship between anxiety and error monitoring is unclear, however. Through meta-analysis and a critical review of the literature, we argue that anxious apprehension/worry is the dimension of anxiety most closely associated with error monitoring. Although, overall, anxiety demonstrated a robust, “small-to-medium” relationship with enhanced ERN (r = −0.25), studies employing measures of anxious apprehension show a threefold greater effect size estimate (r = −0.35) than those utilizing other measures of anxiety (r = −0.09). Our conceptual framework helps explain this more specific relationship between anxiety and enhanced ERN and delineates the unique roles of worry, conflict processing, and modes of cognitive control. Collectively, our analysis suggests that enhanced ERN in anxiety results from the interplay of a decrease in processes supporting active goal maintenance and a compensatory increase in processes dedicated to transient reactivation of task goals on an as-needed basis when salient events (i.e., errors) occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason S Moser
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University East Lansing, MI, USA
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