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Oguntayo R, Opayemi AS, Oyeleke JT. Socio-contextual factors and adverse childhood experiences as determinants of substance use disorder among individuals between ages 18-40years in Kano, Nigeria. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2022.2157767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Differential detection of metastatic and inflammatory lymph nodes using inflow-based vascular-space-occupancy (iVASO) MR imaging. Magn Reson Imaging 2021; 85:128-132. [PMID: 34687849 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2021.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the potential value of inflow-based vascular-space-occupancy (iVASO) MR imaging in differentiating metastatic from inflammatory lymph nodes (LNs). METHODS Ten female New Zealand rabbits with 2.5-3.0 kg body weight were studied. VX2 cells and egg yolk emulsion were inoculated into left and right thighs, respectively, to induce ten metastatic and ten inflammatory popliteal LNs. Conventional MRI and iVASO were performed 2 h prior to, and 10, 20 days after inoculation (D0, D10, D20). The short-axis diameter (S), short- to long-axis diameter ratio (SLR), and arteriolar blood volume (BVa) at each time point and their longitudinal changes of each model were recorded and compared. At D20, all rabbits were sacrificed to perform histological evaluation after the MR scan. RESULTS The mean values of S, SLR and BVa showed no significant difference between the two groups at D0 (P = 0.987, P = 0.778, P = 0.975). The BVa of the metastatic group was greater than that of the inflammatory at both D10 and D20 (P < 0.05; P < 0.001), whereas the S and SLR of the metastatic group were greater only at D20 (P < 0.001; P = 0.001). Longitudinal analyses showed that the BVa of the metastatic group increased at both D10 and D20 (P = 0.004; P = 0.001), while that of the inflammatory group only increased at D10 (P = 0.024). CONCLUSION The BVa measured with iVASO has the potential to detect early metastatic LNs.
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Kätzel D, Wolff AR, Bygrave AM, Bannerman DM. Hippocampal Hyperactivity as a Druggable Circuit-Level Origin of Aberrant Salience in Schizophrenia. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:486811. [PMID: 33178010 PMCID: PMC7596262 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.486811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of current neuroleptics was largely aiming to decrease excessive dopaminergic signaling in the striatum. However, the notion that abnormal dopamine creates psychotic symptoms by causing an aberrant assignment of salience that drives maladaptive learning chronically during disease development suggests a therapeutic value of early interventions that correct salience-related neural processing. The mesolimbic dopaminergic output is modulated by several interconnected brain-wide circuits centrally involving the hippocampus and key relays like the ventral and associative striatum, ventral pallidum, amygdala, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, nucleus reuniens, lateral and medial septum, prefrontal and cingulate cortex, among others. Unraveling the causal relationships between these circuits using modern neuroscience techniques holds promise for identifying novel cellular—and ultimately molecular—treatment targets for reducing transition to psychosis and symptoms of schizophrenia. Imaging studies in humans have implicated a hyperactivity of the hippocampus as a robust and early endophenotype in schizophrenia. Experiments in rodents, in turn, suggested that the activity of its output region—the ventral subiculum—may modulate dopamine release from ventral tegmental area (VTA) neurons in the ventral striatum. Even though these observations suggested a novel circuit-level target for anti-psychotic action, no therapy has yet been developed along this rationale. Recently evaluated treatment strategies—at least in part—target excess glutamatergic activity, e.g. N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), levetiracetam, and mGluR2/3 modulators. We here review the evidence for the central implication of the hippocampus-VTA axis in schizophrenia-related pathology, discuss its symptom-related implications with a particular focus on aberrant assignment of salience, and evaluate some of its short-comings and prospects for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Kätzel
- Institute for Applied Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Amy R Wolff
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Alexei M Bygrave
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - David M Bannerman
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Stan AD, Tamminga CA, Han K, Kim JB, Padmanabhan J, Tandon N, Hudgens-Haney ME, Keshavan MS, Clementz BA, Pearlson GD, Sweeney JA, Gibbons RD. Associating Psychotic Symptoms with Altered Brain Anatomy in Psychotic Disorders Using Multidimensional Item Response Theory Models. Cereb Cortex 2019; 30:2939-2947. [PMID: 31813988 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced cortical thickness has been demonstrated in psychotic disorders, but its relationship to clinical symptoms has not been established. We aimed to identify the regions throughout neocortex where clinical psychosis manifestations correlate with cortical thickness. Rather than perform a traditional correlation analysis using total scores on psychiatric rating scales, we applied multidimensional item response theory to identify a profile of psychotic symptoms that was related to a region where cortical thickness was reduced. This analysis was performed using a large population of probands with psychotic disorders (N = 865), their family members (N = 678) and healthy volunteers (N = 347), from the 5-site Bipolar-Schizophrenia Network for Intermediate Phenotypes. Regional cortical thickness from structural magnetic resonance scans was measured using FreeSurfer; individual symptoms were rated using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale, and Young Mania Rating Scale. A cluster of cortical regions whose thickness was inversely related to severity of psychosis symptoms was identified. The regions turned out to be located contiguously in a large region of heteromodal association cortex including temporal, parietal and frontal lobe regions, suggesting a cluster of contiguous neocortical regions important to psychosis expression. When we tested the relationship between reduced cortical surface area and high psychotic symptoms we found no linked regions describing a related cortical set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana D Stan
- Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Carol A Tamminga
- Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | | | - Jong Bae Kim
- Departments of Medicine and Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jaya Padmanabhan
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Neeraj Tandon
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | | | - Brett A Clementz
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Bio-Imaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Godfrey D Pearlson
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT 06106, USA
| | - John A Sweeney
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Robert D Gibbons
- Departments of Medicine and Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Hua J, Liu P, Kim T, Donahue M, Rane S, Chen JJ, Qin Q, Kim SG. MRI techniques to measure arterial and venous cerebral blood volume. Neuroimage 2018; 187:17-31. [PMID: 29458187 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The measurement of cerebral blood volume (CBV) has been the topic of numerous neuroimaging studies. To date, however, most in vivo imaging approaches can only measure CBV summed over all types of blood vessels, including arterial, capillary and venous vessels in the microvasculature (i.e. total CBV or CBVtot). As different types of blood vessels have intrinsically different anatomy, function and physiology, the ability to quantify CBV in different segments of the microvascular tree may furnish information that is not obtainable from CBVtot, and may provide a more sensitive and specific measure for the underlying physiology. This review attempts to summarize major efforts in the development of MRI techniques to measure arterial (CBVa) and venous CBV (CBVv) separately. Advantages and disadvantages of each type of method are discussed. Applications of some of the methods in the investigation of flow-volume coupling in healthy brains, and in the detection of pathophysiological abnormalities in brain diseases such as arterial steno-occlusive disease, brain tumors, schizophrenia, Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and hypertension are demonstrated. We believe that the continual development of MRI approaches for the measurement of compartment-specific CBV will likely provide essential imaging tools for the advancement and refinement of our knowledge on the exquisite details of the microvasculature in healthy and diseased brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hua
- Neurosection, Div. of MRI Research, Dept. of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Peiying Liu
- Neurosection, Div. of MRI Research, Dept. of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tae Kim
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Manus Donahue
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Swati Rane
- Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J Jean Chen
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Qin Qin
- Neurosection, Div. of MRI Research, Dept. of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Seong-Gi Kim
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
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