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Kemper L, Hensel A. Campylobacter jejuni: targeting host cells, adhesion, invasion, and survival. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:2725-2754. [PMID: 36941439 PMCID: PMC10027602 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12456-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni, causing strong enteritis, is an unusual bacterium with numerous peculiarities. Chemotactically controlled motility in viscous milieu allows targeted navigation to intestinal mucus and colonization. By phase variation, quorum sensing, extensive O-and N-glycosylation and use of the flagellum as type-3-secretion system C. jejuni adapts effectively to environmental conditions. C. jejuni utilizes proteases to open cell-cell junctions and subsequently transmigrates paracellularly. Fibronectin at the basolateral side of polarized epithelial cells serves as binding site for adhesins CadF and FlpA, leading to intracellular signaling, which again triggers membrane ruffling and reduced host cell migration by focal adhesion. Cell contacts of C. jejuni results in its secretion of invasion antigens, which induce membrane ruffling by paxillin-independent pathway. In addition to fibronectin-binding proteins, other adhesins with other target structures and lectins and their corresponding sugar structures are involved in host-pathogen interaction. Invasion into the intestinal epithelial cell depends on host cell structures. Fibronectin, clathrin, and dynein influence cytoskeletal restructuring, endocytosis, and vesicular transport, through different mechanisms. C. jejuni can persist over a 72-h period in the cell. Campylobacter-containing vacuoles, avoid fusion with lysosomes and enter the perinuclear space via dynein, inducing signaling pathways. Secretion of cytolethal distending toxin directs the cell into programmed cell death, including the pyroptotic release of proinflammatory substances from the destroyed cell compartments. The immune system reacts with an inflammatory cascade by participation of numerous immune cells. The development of autoantibodies, directed not only against lipooligosaccharides, but also against endogenous gangliosides, triggers autoimmune diseases. Lesions of the epithelium result in loss of electrolytes, water, and blood, leading to diarrhea, which flushes out mucus containing C. jejuni. Together with the response of the immune system, this limits infection time. Based on the structural interactions between host cell and bacterium, the numerous virulence mechanisms, signaling, and effects that characterize the infection process of C. jejuni, a wide variety of targets for attenuation of the pathogen can be characterized. The review summarizes strategies of C. jejuni for host-pathogen interaction and should stimulate innovative research towards improved definition of targets for future drug development. KEY POINTS: • Bacterial adhesion of Campylobacter to host cells and invasion into host cells are strictly coordinated processes, which can serve as targets to prevent infection. • Reaction and signalling of host cell depend on the cell type. • Campylobacter virulence factors can be used as targets for development of antivirulence drug compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Kemper
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 48, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Hensel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 48, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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Munoz LR, Bailey MA, Krehling JT, Bourassa DV, Hauck R, Pacheco WJ, Chaves-Cordoba B, Chasteen KS, Talorico AA, Escobar C, Pietruska A, Macklin KS. Effects of dietary yeast cell wall supplementation on growth performance, intestinal Campylobacter jejuni colonization, innate immune response, villus height, crypt depth, and slaughter characteristics of broiler chickens inoculated with Campylobacter jejuni at d 21. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102609. [PMID: 36963334 PMCID: PMC10060741 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A study was conducted to assess the effects of a dietary yeast cell wall (YCW) with and without a Campylobacter jejuni (CJ) challenge. A total of 2,240-day-old Ross 708 males were randomly assigned within 8 treatments with a 4 × 2 factorial design, with 4 diets (negative control, positive control, YCW constant dose (400 g/ton), and YCW step-down dose (800/400/200 g/ton in the starter/grower/finisher diets, respectively) and with and without d 21 CJ oral gavage challenge at 5.2 × 107 CFU/mL. At d 0, 14, 28, and 41 body weights and feed consumption were measured to determine performance. At d 14, 28, and 42, 8 jejunal and ileal histology samples per treatment were collected for villi morphology measurements. At d 22 and 28 (1- and 7-days postinoculation), 24 ileal tissue samples per treatment were collected for relative gene expression analysis. At d 42, 24 cecal content samples per treatment were collected for CJ enumeration. Finally, on d 44, 96 birds per treatment were processed to determine carcass yield and 16 carcass rinses per treatment were collected to determine CJ prevalence after processing. Diet or inoculation did not impact broiler performance (P > 0.05). Limited differences were observed in intestinal morphology, and villus height and crypt depth were different only in the ileum at d 42 (P = 0.0280 and P = 0.0162, respectively). At d 1 postinoculation, differences between treatments inoculated with CJ and PBS were observed in the expression of avian beta defensin 10 (AvBD10), interleukin 1ß (IL-1ß), and interleukin 10 (IL-10) (P < 0.05). At d 7 postinoculation, expression of AvBD10, IL-1ß, and IL-10 was similar among all treatments (P > 0.05). At d 42, all birds, regardless the inoculation, had similar levels of CJ recovered from cecal contents (P > 0.05). After processing, carcass yield and CJ prevalence postchilling was similar in all treatments (P > 0.05). Overall, under the conditions of this study, the addition of YCW during a CJ challenge did not have an impact in growth performance, innate immune response, cecal colonization, carcass yield, or CJ prevalence after processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis R Munoz
- Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Matthew A Bailey
- Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - James T Krehling
- Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Dianna V Bourassa
- Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Ruediger Hauck
- Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Wilmer J Pacheco
- Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | | | - Kaicie S Chasteen
- Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Aidan A Talorico
- Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Cesar Escobar
- Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Andrea Pietruska
- Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Ken S Macklin
- Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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Peng F, Yi J, Xiao J, Chen J, Zhang H, He X, Song Z. Protective effect and possible mechanism of arctiin on broilers challenged by Salmonella pullorum. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:skac126. [PMID: 35417554 PMCID: PMC9115908 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to investigate the effects of dietary arctiin (ARC) supplementation (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) on the growth performance and immune response of broilers after a Salmonella pullorum (S. pullorum) challenge, and we conducted in vitro antibacterial test to explore the bacteriostatic mechanism of ARC. The in vivo trial was randomly assigned to six groups: noninfected control (NC) group and positive control (PC) group received a basal diet; TET group, received a basal diet supplemented with 100 mg/kg chlortetracycline; ARC100, ARC200, and ARC400 groups received a basal diet containing 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg ARC, respectively. From days 14 to 16, all birds (except the NC group) were infected with 1 mL (1 × 108 CFU per mL) fresh S. pullorum culture by oral gavage per day. In vivo results showed that dietary supplementation of 200 mg/kg ARC significantly increased average daily gain (P < 0.05) and decreased feed-to-gain ratio of broilers vs. the PC group during days 15 to 28 after being challenged with S. pullorum (P < 0.05). The jejunal crypt depth (CD) was decreased by supplementing 100 or 200 mg/kg ARC in diets compared with PC birds at day 19 (P < 0.05). The jejunal villi height (VH) was increased by supplementing 100, 200, or 400 mg/kg ARC in diets compared with PC birds at day 28 (P < 0.05). Besides, dietary supplementation of 200 mg/kg ARC increased the jejunal VH to CD ratio than the PC group both at days 19 and 28 (P < 0.05). Notably, the broilers had lower serum lipopolysaccharide and diamine oxidase levels in the ARC100 and ARC200 groups at day 28 than those in the PC group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, in comparison to PC birds, the birds in ARC groups (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) had higher serum contents of IgM and IL-10, and the birds in the ARC200 group had higher serum contents of IgA at day 19 (P < 0.05). At day 28, the birds in ARC groups (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) had lower serum contents of IL-8, and the birds in the ARC200 group had lower serum contents of IFN-γ compared with PC birds (P < 0.05). The in vitro experiment showed that ARC significantly inhibited the biofilm formation and adhesion of S. pullorum (P < 0.05). Metabonomics analysis revealed that ARC can restrain the formation of the biofilm by affecting a variety of metabolic pathways of S. pullorum. Therefore, dietary supplementation of 200 mg/kg ARC might be a potential way to substitute antibiotics to control S. pullorum infection in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Peng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Feed Safety and Efficient Use, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Jinhui Yi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Feed Safety and Efficient Use, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Hunan Xiang Jia Husbandry Limited by Share Ltd, Changde 41500, Hunan, China
| | - Junlie Chen
- Hunan Xiang Jia Husbandry Limited by Share Ltd, Changde 41500, Hunan, China
| | - Haihan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Feed Safety and Efficient Use, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Xi He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Feed Safety and Efficient Use, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Zehe Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Feed Safety and Efficient Use, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
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Efficacy of Scrophularia striata hydroalcoholic extract and mannan-oligosaccharide on productive performance, intestinal bacterial community, and immunity in broiler chickens after infection with Campylobacter jejuni. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Erb L, Lyons A, Poholsky C, Dirks B, Boney J. Effects of direct-fed microbial (Bacillus subtilis C-3102) inclusion on tom turkey production efficiency and intestinal microbial populations. J APPL POULTRY RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2021.100207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Nooreh Z, Taherpour K, Akbari Gharaei M, Shirzadi H, Ghasemi HA. Effects of a dietary direct-fed microbial and Ferulago angulata extract on growth performance, intestinal microflora, and immune function of broiler chickens infected with Campylobacter jejuni. Poult Sci 2021; 100:100942. [PMID: 33518316 PMCID: PMC7936196 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Colonization of the gastrointestinal tract by potentially pathogenic bacteria and their shedding in animal feces is a fundamental factor for both animal health and human food safety. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of salinomycin (Sal), direct-fed microbial (DFM), and Ferulago angulata hydroalcoholic extract (FAE) against Campylobacter jejuni in broiler chickens in a 6-week pilot-scale study. A total of six hundred and seventy two 1-day-old broiler chickens were equally divided into 6 groups (each consisting of 8 replicates of 14 birds): negative control (NC; untreated and uninfected); positive control (PC; untreated, infected with C. jejuni); PC + Sal; PC + DFM; PC + 200 mg/kg of FAE (FAE200); or PC + 400 mg/kg of FAE (FAE400). All these groups (except NC) were challenged with C. jejuni on day 15. The results showed that all experimental treatments improved (P < 0.05) average daily gain compared with the PC group, and the best value was observed in the NC and FAE400 groups throughout the entire experimental period (day 1-42). The overall feed conversion ratio and mortality rate, as well as the population of C. jejuni (day 24 and 42) and Coliforms (day 42) in the ileum and cecum, were higher (P < 0.05) in broiler chickens fed with the PC diet than for chickens in the other groups, except those in the FAE200 group. Immune responses revealed that among challenged birds, those that were fed diets DFM and FAE400 had significantly higher IgG (day 24 and 42), IgA (day 24), IL-6 (day 24), and gamma interferon (day 24 and 42) concentrations than the PC group. In conclusion, dietary FAE, especially at a high level of inclusion in broiler diet (400 mg/kg), could beneficially influence the immune status, as well as improve growth performance and intestinal microflora under Campylobacter challenge, which was comparable to those of Sal and DFM supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Nooreh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
| | - Kamran Taherpour
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran.
| | | | - Hassan Shirzadi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
| | - Hossein Ali Ghasemi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak 38156-8-8349, Iran
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Desantis S, Galosi L, Santamaria N, Roncarati A, Biagini L, Rossi G. Modulation of Morphology and Glycan Composition of Mucins in Farmed Guinea Fowl ( Numida meleagris) Intestine by the Multi-Strain Probiotic Slab51 ®. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:495. [PMID: 33668637 PMCID: PMC7918860 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics have become highly recognized as supplements for poultry.Since gut health can be considered synonymous withanimal health, the effects of probiotic Slab51® on the morphology and the glycan composition of guineafowlintestine were examined. The probiotics were added in drinking water (2 × 1011 UFC/L) throughout the grow-out cycle.Birds were individually weighed andslaughtered after four months. Samples from the duodenum, ileum and caecum were collected and processed for morphological, morphometric, conventional and lectin glycohistochemical studies.The results were analyzed for statistical significance by Student's t test. Compared with control samples, probiotic group revealed (1) significant increase in villus height (p < 0.001 in duodenum and ileum; p < 0.05 in caecum), crypt depth (p < 0.001 in duodenum and caecum; p < 0.05 in ileum) and goblet cells (GCs) per villus (p < 0.001) in all investigated tracts; (2) increase in galactoseβl,3N-acetylgalacyosamine(Galβl,3GalNAc)terminating O-glycans and αl,2-fucosylated glycans secretory GCs in the duodenum; (3) increase in α2,6-sialoglycans and high-mannose N-linked glycans secretory GCs but reduction in GCs-secreting sulfoglycans in the ileum; (4) increase in Galβl,3GalNAc and high-mannose N-linked glycans secretory GCs and decrease in GCs-producing sulfomucins in the caecum; (5) increase in the numbers of crypt cells containing sulfate and non-sulfated acidic glycans. Overall, dietary Slab51® induces morphological and region-specific changes in glycoprotein composition of guinea fowl intestine, promoting gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Desantis
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.P. 62 per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano (Bari), Italy;
| | - Livio Galosi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica (M.C.), Italy; (A.R.); (L.B.); (G.R.)
| | - Nicoletta Santamaria
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.P. 62 per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano (Bari), Italy;
| | - Alessandra Roncarati
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica (M.C.), Italy; (A.R.); (L.B.); (G.R.)
| | - Lucia Biagini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica (M.C.), Italy; (A.R.); (L.B.); (G.R.)
| | - Giacomo Rossi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica (M.C.), Italy; (A.R.); (L.B.); (G.R.)
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