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Zhang C, Wang S, Han Y, Zheng A, Liu G, Meng K, Yang P, Chen Z. Effects of Crude Extract of Glycyrrhiza Radix and Atractylodes macrocephala on Immune and Antioxidant Capacity of SPF White Leghorn Chickens in an Oxidative Stress Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:578. [PMID: 38790683 PMCID: PMC11118435 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The natural edible characteristics of Chinese herbs have led more and more people to study them as an alternative product to antibiotics. In this study, crude extracts of Glycyrrhiza radix and Atractylodes macrocephala (abbreviated as GRAM) with glycyrrhizic acid content not less than 0.2 mg/g were selected to evaluate the effects of GRAM on the immune and antioxidant capacity of model animals. Thirty 21-day-old male Leghorn chickens were weighed and randomly assigned to one of three groups of ten animals each. The treatments comprised a control group (CON), in which saline was injected at day 31, day 33, and day 35, an LPS-treated group (LPS), in which LPS (0.5 mg/kg of BW) was injected at day 31, day 33, and day 35, and finally a GRAM and LPS-treated group, (G-L) in which a GRAM-treated diet (at GRAM 2 g/kg) was fed from day 21 to day 35 with LPS injection (0.5 mg/kg of BW) at day 31, day 33, and day 35. The results of diarrhea grade and serum antioxidant measurement showed that the LPS group had obvious diarrhea symptoms, serum ROS and MDA were significantly increased, and T-AOC was significantly decreased. The oxidative stress model of LPS was successfully established. The results of immune and antioxidant indexes showed that feeding GRAM significantly decreased levels of the pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 (p < 0.05) and significantly increased levels of the anti-inflammatory factors IL-4 and IL-10 and levels of the antioxidant enzymes GSH-Px and CAT (p < 0.05). GRAM resisted the influence of LPS on ileum morphology, liver, and immune organs and maintained normal index values for ileum morphology, liver, and immune organs. In summary, this study confirmed the antidiarrheal effect of GRAM, which improved the immune and antioxidant capacity of model animals by regulating inflammatory cytokine levels and antioxidant enzyme activity in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Peilong Yang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (C.Z.); (S.W.); (Y.H.); (A.Z.); (G.L.); (K.M.)
| | - Zhimin Chen
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (C.Z.); (S.W.); (Y.H.); (A.Z.); (G.L.); (K.M.)
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Su Y, Huang J, Shi P, Li P, Huang P, Zeng J. Lotus Leaf Extract Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Intestinal Injury in Mice by Regulating Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. J Med Food 2024; 27:428-436. [PMID: 38526570 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2023.k.0242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease, a disease featured by intestinal epithelial barrier destruction and dysfunction, has been a constant threat to animal health. The primary objective of this research was to assess the impact of the extract derived from lotus leaves (LLE) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced damage to the intestines in mice, as well as to investigate the fundamental mechanism involved. The LLE was prepared using ultrasonic extraction in this experiment, and the LLE total flavonoid content was 117.02 ± 10.73 mg/g. The LLE had strong antioxidant activity in vitro, as assessed by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, ferric reducing antioxidant power, and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) methods. In the vivo experiment, different doses of LLE (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) were administered for 2 weeks before LPS treatment in mice. The results revealed that LLE alleviates intestinal tissue damage in LPS-induced mice. In the jejunum tissue, LLE significantly upregulated mRNA and protein expression levels of tight junction proteins, such as ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-1, and decreased the contents of the inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α. Furthermore, the malondialdehyde and lactate dehydrogenase contents increased by LPS in the liver were significantly reduced after administration of LLE, and the total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, and reduced glutathione decreased by LPS were remarkably increased by LLE. It was found that LLE could relieve LPS-induced oxidative stress by upregulating mRNA and protein expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 in jejunum tissue. In conclusion, LLE alleviates LPS-induced intestinal damage through regulation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signal pathway to alleviate oxidative stress, reducing inflammatory factors and increasing the expression of tight junction proteins in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jialu Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Panpan Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Pingping Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Peng Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianguo Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Luo L, Feng F, Zhong A, Guo N, He J, Li C. The advancement of polysaccharides in disease modulation: Multifaceted regulation of programmed cell death. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129669. [PMID: 38272424 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD), also known as regulatory cell death (RCD), is a process that occurs in all organisms and is closely linked to both normal physiological processes and disease states. Various signaling pathways, such as TP53, KRAS, NOTCH, hypoxia, and metabolic reprogramming, have been found to regulate RCD. Polysaccharides, which are essential natural products, have been the subject of extensive research in the fields of food, nutrition, and medicine due to their wide range of pharmacological effects. Studies have shown that polysaccharides have biological activities and the potential to target signal transduction pathways for the treatment of diseases. This paper provides a review of the mechanisms through which polysaccharides exert their therapeutic effects at different levels and explores the relationship between different types of RCD and human diseases. The aim of this review is to provide a theoretical basis for the further clinical use and application of polysaccharide bioactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianxiang Luo
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, School of Ocean and Tropical Medicine. Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, China.
| | - Fuhai Feng
- The First Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China
| | - Ai Zhong
- The First Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China
| | - Nuoqing Guo
- The First Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiake He
- The First Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China
| | - Chenying Li
- The First Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China
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Li S, Zhou X, Chen R, Zhang Q, Sun Y, Chen H. Effect of natural polysaccharides on alcoholic liver disease: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 251:126317. [PMID: 37595705 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we systematically collected relevant literature in the past five years on the intervention of natural polysaccharides in alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and reviewed the pharmacological activities and potential mechanisms of action. Natural polysaccharides are effective in preventing liver tissue degeneration, inhibiting the alcohol-induced expression of inflammatory factors, inactivation of antioxidant enzymes, and abnormal hepatic lipid deposition. Natural polysaccharides regulate the expression of proteins, such as tight junction proteins, production of small molecule metabolites, and balance of intestinal flora in the intestinal tract to alleviate ALD. Natural polysaccharides also exert therapeutic effects by modulating inflammatory, oxidative, lipid metabolism, and other pathways in the liver. Natural polysaccharides also inhibit alcohol-induced intestinal abnormalities by regulating intestinal flora and feeding back into the liver via the gut-liver axis. However, existing research on natural polysaccharides has many shortcomings: for example, most of the natural polysaccharides for testing are total polysaccharides or crude polysaccharides, progress in research on in vivo metabolic processes and mechanisms is slow, and the degree of industrialisation is insufficient. Finally, we discuss the difficulties in studying natural polysaccharides and future directions to provide a theoretical basis for their development and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Li
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control&Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control&Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Ruhai Chen
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control&Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Qiurong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control&Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control&Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Huaguo Chen
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control&Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China.
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Niu X, Yao Y, Li Y, Li C, Pan X, Han L. The role of the ferroptosis pathway in the regulation of polysaccharides for human health: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 231:123349. [PMID: 36669310 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides are natural polymers with ketone or aldehyde groups that are widely found in plants, animals, and microorganisms. They exhibit various biological activities and have potential development value in the food and pharmaceutical fields. Ferroptosis is a recently discovered modality that modulates cell death and has attracted considerable attention because it is considered to be involved in many pathophysiological processes. The inhibition of ferroptosis by reducing intracellular iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation may provide potential protective strategies against related pathologies. Ferroptosis is also involved in the physiological activities of polysaccharides, and its regulatory mechanism varies according to different physiological activities. However, a systematic summary on the involvement of ferroptosis in the physiological activities of polysaccharides is currently lacking. Therefore, this review systematically summarized the relationship between the physiological activities of polysaccharides and ferroptosis and focused on the regulatory mechanism of ferroptosis, with respect to the anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory activities of all polysaccharides. The primary objective was to find new polysaccharide-related therapeutic breakthroughs for related diseases and to provide a reference for further research on polysaccharides-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Niu
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, Ministry of Education, College of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yupei Yao
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, Ministry of Education, College of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yaping Li
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, Ministry of Education, College of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Cuiping Li
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, Ministry of Education, College of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Xiao Pan
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, Ministry of Education, College of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Lirong Han
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, Ministry of Education, College of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
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6
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Lin B, Deng X, Xu P, Ye Q, Zhao G, Ye M, Wang N. Structural characterization and anti-osteoporosis effect of an arabinomannan from Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 231:123324. [PMID: 36657544 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
To discover the polysaccharide with anti-diabetic osteoporosis (DOP) activity and clarify its structure, an arabinomannan (PAAP-1B) with a molecular weight of 14.0 kDa was isolated from Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge. using column chromatography. It consists of arabinose, mannose, and galactose in a molar ratio of 6:3:1. PAAP-1B has a backbone composed of 1,5-α-Araf, 1,4-β-Manp, and 1,6-β-Galp residues that are branched at C3 of α-Araf and β-Galp residues. The side chains are T-α-Araf, T-α-Manp, T-β-Galp, and 1,6-β-Galp. PAAP-1B attenuated DOP and reduced ferroptosis in the femurs and tibias of alloxan-induced mice. It also suppressed ferroptosis in advanced glycation end product-induced osteoblasts by decreasing 4-hydroxynonenal, malondialdehyde, mitochondrial reactive oxidative species levels, and lipid peroxidation, while reversing the downregulation of solute carrier family 7 membrane 11 and glutathione expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingfeng Lin
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310007, China
| | - Xuehui Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310007, China
| | - Pingcui Xu
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310007, China
| | - Qitao Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310007, China
| | - Guizhi Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310007, China
| | - Mingli Ye
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, China
| | - Nani Wang
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310007, China; School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310007, China.
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Xi Y, Li Y, Ying S, Yan J, Shi Z. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide with different administration routes affects intestinal mucosal morphological, immunological, and microbial barrier functions in goslings. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102599. [PMID: 36940655 PMCID: PMC10033283 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different administration routes of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on intestinal mucosal morphological, immunological, and microbial barrier functions in goslings. First, we compared intestinal villi morphology of goslings under intraperitoneal or oral LPS treatment through hematoxylin and eosin staining. Then, we determined the signatures of the microbiome in the ileum mucosa of goslings subjected to oral LPS treatment at 0, 2, 4, and 8 mg/kg BW by 16S sequencing, and analyzed the changes in intestinal barrier functions and permeability, levels of LPS in the ileum mucosa, plasma, and liver tissue, and the induced inflammatory response of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). As a result, intraperitoneal LPS injection resulted in a thicker intestinal wall in the ileum within a short time, whereas villus height was less affected; in contrast, oral LPS treatment exerted a stronger influence on villus height but not on intestinal wall thickness. We also found that oral LPS treatment affected the structure of the intestinal microbiome, reflected by changes in the clustering of intestinal microbiota. The average abundance of Muribaculaceae showed an increasing trend with increasing LPS levels, and that of the genus Bacteroides decreased, compared with the control group. In addition, oral LPS treatment with 8 mg/kg BW affected the intestinal epithelial morphology, damage the mucosal immune barrier, downregulated the expression of tight junction proteins, increased circulating D-lactate levels, and stimulated the secretion of various inflammatory mediators and activation of the TLR4/MyD88/NFκB pathway. This study presented the injuries of intestinal mucosal barrier function induced by LPS challenges in goslings and provided a scientific model for searching the novel strategies to attenuate the immunological stress and gut injury caused by LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Xi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yue Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Shijia Ying
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Junshu Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Zhendan Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
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Zhang B, Hong L, Ke J, Zhong Y, Cao N, Li W, Xu D, Tian Y, Huang Y, Chen W, Li B. Polysaccharide of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz alleviate lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury in goslings via the p53 and FOXO pathways. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102480. [PMID: 36680857 PMCID: PMC9871332 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can affect the immune system of geese by inducing liver injury. The polysaccharide of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz (PAMK) have obvious immune-enhancing effects. Accordingly, this experiment investigated the effect of PAMK on LPS-induced liver injury in goslings. Two hundred 1-day-old goslings were randomly divided into the control group, LPS group, PAMK group, and PAMK+ LPS group, and the PAMK and PAMK+ LPS groups were fed the basal diet with 400 mg/kg PAMK, while the control and LPS groups were fed the basal diet. On D 21, 23, and 25 of the formal trial, the goslings in the LPS and PAMK+LPS groups were injected intraperitoneally with 2 mg/kg LPS, and goslings in the control and PAMK groups were injected intraperitoneally with the same amount of saline. Livers were collected on D 25. HE-stained sections showed that PAMK could effectively alleviate the LPS-induced indistinct hepatic cord structure, loss of cytoplasmic contents of hepatocytes, and dilatation of hepatic sinusoids. The biochemical parameters of liver tissues showed that PAMK could alleviate the LPS-induced upregulation of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase. To further investigate the mechanism of the mitigating effect of PAMK on LPS-induced injury, livers from the LPS and PAMK+LPS groups were selected for transcriptome sequencing. The sequencing results showed that there were 406 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the livers of LPS and PAMK+LPS goslings, of which 242 upregulated and 164 downregulated. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG) analysis showed that DEGs were significantly enriched in immune signal transduction, cell cycle, and cell metabolism. Besides, protein‒protein interaction analysis showed that 129 DEGs were associated with each other, including 7 DEGs enriched in the p53 and FOXO signaling pathway. In conclusion, PAMK may alleviate LPS-induced liver injury in gosling through the p53 and FOXO signaling pathway. These results provide a basis for further development of PAMK as an immunomodulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqi Zhang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Longsheng Hong
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Jingfei Ke
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Yueyun Zhong
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Nan Cao
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Wanyan Li
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Danning Xu
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Yunbo Tian
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Yunmao Huang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Wenbin Chen
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Bingxin Li
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, Guangzhou 510225, China.
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Zhao RH, Yang FX, Bai YC, Zhao JY, Hu M, Zhang XY, Dou TF, Jia JJ. Research progress on the mechanisms underlying poultry immune regulation by plant polysaccharides. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1175848. [PMID: 37138926 PMCID: PMC10149757 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1175848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
With the rapid development of poultry industry and the highly intensive production management, there are an increasing number of stress factors in poultry production. Excessive stress will affect their growth and development, immune function, and induce immunosuppression, susceptibility to a variety of diseases, and even death. In recent years, increasing interest has focused on natural components extracted from plants, among which plant polysaccharides have been highlighted because of their various biological activities. Plant polysaccharides are natural immunomodulators that can promote the growth of immune organs, activate immune cells and the complement system, and release cytokines. As a green feed additive, plant polysaccharides can not only relieve stress and enhance the immunity and disease resistance of poultry, but also regulate the balance of intestinal microorganisms and effectively alleviate all kinds of stress faced by poultry. This paper reviews the immunomodulatory effects and molecular mechanisms of different plant polysaccharides (Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz polysaccharide, Astragalus polysaccharides, Taishan Pinus massoniana pollen polysaccharide, and alfalfa polysaccharide) in poultry. Current research results reveal that plant polysaccharides have potential uses as therapeutic agents for poultry immune abnormalities and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Han Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Fang-Xiao Yang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Vocational and Technical College of Agriculture, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yi-Cheng Bai
- Kunming CHIA TAI Co., Ltd., Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jing-Ying Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Mei Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xin-Yan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Teng-Fei Dou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Teng-Fei Dou
| | - Jun-Jing Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- *Correspondence: Jun-Jing Jia
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Polysaccharide of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz Alleviates Cyclophosphamide-Induced Thymus Ferroptosis in Gosling. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12233394. [PMID: 36496913 PMCID: PMC9738654 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the mechanism by which PAMK alleviates cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced ferroptosis in thymocytes. One-day-old goslings were divided into four groups (10 goslings/group). The CON and CTX groups were fed a basic diet. The PAMK and CTX + PAMK groups were fed the basic diet mixed with PAMK (400 mg/kg). Moreover, the CTX and CTX + PAMK groups were given a daily injection of 40 mg/kg BW of CTX (at 19, 20, and 21 days of age). On the other hand, the CON and PAMK groups were given 0.5 mL of sterilized saline into the leg muscle (at 19, 20, and 21 days of age). The goslings were fed for 28 days. The ferroptosis pathway was enriched in transcriptome sequencing. Compared to the CON group, the thymus in the CTX group underwent injury, and the mitochondria of thymocytes showed features of ferroptosis. PAMK treatment alleviated ferroptosis in thymocytes and thymus injury, and CTX-induced elevated levels of oxidative stress and iron content restored GPX4 protein expression (p < 0.05) and inhibited the CTX-induced activation of the ferroptosis pathway (p < 0.05). Conclusively, PAMK could reduce thymus injury by alleviating CTX-induced thymocyte ferroptosis in gosling to alleviate the immunosuppression caused by CTX in the organism.
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Progress of Studies on Plant-Derived Polysaccharides Affecting Intestinal Barrier Function in Poultry. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12223205. [PMID: 36428432 PMCID: PMC9686483 DOI: 10.3390/ani12223205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As natural bioactive components, plant-derived polysaccharides have many biological functions, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticoccidial, and immunity regulation, and have been widely used in poultry production. In this review paper, firstly, the sources and structures of plant-derived polysaccharides are reviewed; secondly, the effects of plant-derived polysaccharides on the intestinal microbiome, permeability, morphology and immune function of poultry are summarized; thirdly, the potential molecular regulation mechanism of plant-derived polysaccharides on the intestinal barrier function of poultry was preliminarily analyzed. The review paper will bring a basis for the scientific utilization of plant-derived polysaccharides in the poultry industry.
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12
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Mushroom Polysaccharides as Potential Candidates for Alleviating Neurodegenerative Diseases. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224833. [PMID: 36432520 PMCID: PMC9696021 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are a widespread and serious global public health burden, particularly among the older population. At present, effective therapies do not exist, despite the increasing understanding of the different mechanisms of NDs. In recent years, some drugs, such as galantamine, entacapone, riluzole, and edaravone, have been proposed for the treatment of different NDs; however, they mainly concentrate on symptom management and confer undesirable side effects and adverse reactions. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find novel drugs with fewer disadvantages and higher efficacy for the treatment of NDs. Mushroom polysaccharides are macromolecular complexes with multi-targeting bioactivities, low toxicity, and high safety. Some have been demonstrated to exhibit neuroprotective effects via their antioxidant, anti-amyloidogenic, anti-neuroinflammatory, anticholinesterase, anti-apoptotic, and anti-neurotoxicity activities, which have potential in the treatment of NDs. This review focuses on the different processes involved in ND development and progression, highlighting the neuroprotective activities and potential role of mushroom polysaccharides and summarizing the limitations and future perspectives of mushroom polysaccharides in the prevention and treatment of NDs.
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Tolerance Assessment of Atractylodes macrocephala Polysaccharide in the Diet of Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides). Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081581. [PMID: 36009300 PMCID: PMC9404858 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Atractylodes macrocephala polysaccharide (AMP) can enhance antioxidant defense and anti-inflammation, as the tolerance levels of AMP in aquaculture is important for additive utilization. However, the tolerance dose of AMP is unknown. We assess the tolerance levels of AMP in juvenile largemouth bass (3.38 ± 0.11 g) by feeding them a 0, 400, 4000, or 8000 mg/kg AMP supplemented diet for 10 weeks. The 400 mg/kg AMP dose increased growth performance. The Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway was activated, as indicated by Keap1 and Nrf2 protein levels in the liver. Enhanced activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPx), together with increased mRNA levels of antioxidant genes (sod, gpx) and decreased accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and MDA, was found in the liver, implying the antioxidant effect of AMP. Nutrient absorption was enhanced by AMP, as reflected by the increased length of intestinal villi and microvilli. However, 4000 and 8000 mg/kg AMP induced oxidant stress, as indicated by increased plasma ALT and AST content and decreased mRNA levels of antioxidant genes (sod, gpx) in the liver and intestinal tissues. Inflammatory reactions were also induced by high doses of AMP, as reflected by enhanced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tnfα, nfκb) in the liver, intestinal, and kidney tissues and inhibited levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines (tgfβ, iκb). Histological analysis reveals inflammatory cell infiltration and tissue damage. Thus, the safe tolerance margin of AMP supplement for largemouth bass was 400–4000 mg/kg.
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The Regulatory Roles of Polysaccharides and Ferroptosis-Related Phytochemicals in Liver Diseases. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14112303. [PMID: 35684103 PMCID: PMC9182636 DOI: 10.3390/nu14112303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver disease is a global health burden with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Liver injuries can develop into severe end-stage diseases, such as cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma, without valid treatment. Therefore, identifying novel drugs may promote liver disease treatment. Phytochemicals, including polysaccharides, flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenes, are abundant in foods and medicinal plants and have various bioactivities, such as antioxidation, immunoregulation, and tumor killing. Recent studies have shown that many natural polysaccharides play protective roles in liver disease models in vitro and in vivo, such as fatty liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, drug-induced liver injury, and liver cancer. The mechanisms of liver disease are complex. Notably, ferroptosis, a new type of cell death driven by iron and lipid peroxidation, is considered to be the key mechanism in many hepatic pathologies. Therefore, polysaccharides and other types of phytochemicals with activities in ferroptosis regulation provide novel therapeutic strategies for ferroptosis-related liver diseases. This review summarizes our current understanding of the mechanisms of ferroptosis and liver injury and compelling preclinical evidence of natural bioactive polysaccharides and phytochemicals in treating liver disease.
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