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Blouchou A, Chamou V, Eleftheriades C, Poulimeneas D, Kontouli KM, Gkiouras K, Bargiota A, Gkouskou KK, Rigopoulou E, Bogdanos DP, Goulis DG, Grammatikopoulou MG. Beat the Clock: Assessment of Night Eating Syndrome and Circadian Rhythm in a Sample of Greek Adults. Nutrients 2024; 16:187. [PMID: 38257080 PMCID: PMC10818804 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The night eating syndrome (NES) is characterized by excessive food intake during the evening and night hours, with 25% of the daily intake being consumed post-dinner, paired with ep-isodes of nocturnal food intake, at a frequency of more than twice weekly. The NES has been associated with a misaligned circadian rhythm related to a delay in overall food intake, increased energy and fat consumption. The present cross-sectional study aimed to assess NES in a Greek population and evaluate possible links between NES and chronotype. NES was assessed using the Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ), and circadian rhythm, sleep and mood were evaluated with the Sleep, Circadian Rhythms, and Mood (SCRAM) questionnaire. A total of 533 adults participated in the study. A relatively high prevalence of NES was revealed, with more than 8.1% (NEQ ≥ 30) of the participants reporting experiencing NES symptoms, depending on the NEQ threshold used. Most participants had the intermediate chronotype. NEQ score was positively associated with the morning chronotype, and SCRAM was negatively related to "Good Sleep". Each point increment in the depression score was associated with 6% higher odds of NES. The early identification of NES gains importance in clinical practice, in a collective effort aiming to reduce NES symptomatology and its detrimental health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Blouchou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, Alexander Campus, Sindos, GR-57400 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.B.); (V.C.); (C.E.)
| | - Vasiliki Chamou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, Alexander Campus, Sindos, GR-57400 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.B.); (V.C.); (C.E.)
| | - Christos Eleftheriades
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, Alexander Campus, Sindos, GR-57400 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.B.); (V.C.); (C.E.)
| | - Dimitrios Poulimeneas
- Department of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, University of the Peloponnese, GR-24100 Kalamata, Greece
| | - Katerina-Maria Kontouli
- Department of Primary Education, School of Education, University of Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Gkiouras
- Unit of Immunonutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, GR-41223 Larissa, Greece
| | - Alexandra Bargiota
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, GR-41223 Larissa, Greece
| | - Kalliopi K. Gkouskou
- Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, GR-11527 Athens, Greece;
- Genosophy, 1 Melissinon and Damvergidon Street, GR-71305 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Eirini Rigopoulou
- Department of Medicine and Research Laboratory of Internal Medicine, National Expertise Center of Greece in Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Larissa University Hospital, Biopolis, GR-41334 Larissa, Greece
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), Larissa University Hospital, Biopolis, GR-41334 Larissa, Greece
| | - Dimitrios P. Bogdanos
- Unit of Immunonutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, GR-41223 Larissa, Greece
| | - Dimitrios G. Goulis
- Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria G. Grammatikopoulou
- Unit of Immunonutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, GR-41223 Larissa, Greece
- Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Dang T, Russel WA, Saad T, Dhawka L, Ay A, Ingram KK. Risk for Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) Linked to Circadian Clock Gene Variants. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1532. [PMID: 38132358 PMCID: PMC10741218 DOI: 10.3390/biology12121532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Molecular pathways affecting mood are associated with circadian clock gene variants and are influenced, in part, by the circadian clock, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this link are poorly understood. We use machine learning and statistical analyses to determine the circadian gene variants and clinical features most highly associated with symptoms of seasonality and seasonal affective disorder (SAD) in a deeply phenotyped population sample. We report sex-specific clock gene effects on seasonality and SAD symptoms; genotypic combinations of CLOCK3111/ZBTB20 and PER2/PER3B were significant genetic risk factors for males, and CRY2/PER3C and CRY2/PER3-VNTR were significant risk factors for females. Anxiety, eveningness, and increasing age were significant clinical risk factors for seasonality and SAD for females. Protective factors for SAD symptoms (in females only) included single gene variants: CRY1-GG and PER3-VNTR-4,5. Clock gene effects were partially or fully mediated by diurnal preference or chronotype, suggesting multiple indirect effects of clock genes on seasonality symptoms. Interestingly, protective effects of CRY1-GG, PER3-VNTR-4,5, and ZBTB20 genotypes on seasonality and depression were not mediated by chronotype, suggesting some clock variants have direct effects on depressive symptoms related to SAD. Our results support previous links between CRY2, PER2, and ZBTB20 genes and identify novel links for CLOCK and PER3 with symptoms of seasonality and SAD. Our findings reinforce the sex-specific nature of circadian clock influences on seasonality and SAD and underscore the multiple pathways by which clock variants affect downstream mood pathways via direct and indirect mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Dang
- Department of Computer Science, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY 13346, USA; (T.D.); (T.S.)
| | - William A. Russel
- Department of Biology, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY 13346, USA; (W.A.R.); (A.A.)
| | - Tazmilur Saad
- Department of Computer Science, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY 13346, USA; (T.D.); (T.S.)
- Department of Mathematics, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY 13346, USA
| | - Luvna Dhawka
- Feil Family Brain & Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ahmet Ay
- Department of Biology, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY 13346, USA; (W.A.R.); (A.A.)
- Department of Mathematics, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY 13346, USA
| | - Krista K. Ingram
- Department of Biology, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY 13346, USA; (W.A.R.); (A.A.)
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3
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Cheung FTW, Li X, Hui TK, Chan NY, Chan JW, Wing YK, Li SX. Circadian preference and mental health outcomes in youth: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev 2023; 72:101851. [PMID: 37793219 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2023.101851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Youth is a vulnerable developmental period associated with an increased preference for eveningness and risk for developing psychopathology. Growing evidence suggests a link between eveningness and poorer mental health outcomes, but the findings in the current literature are inconsistent, and a comprehensive synthesis of evidence in this area remains lacking. This meta-analysis aimed to 1) synthesise the existing evidence on the association between circadian preference and mental health outcomes in youths and 2) explore potential sleep-related factors that may moderate the relationship between circadian preference and mental health outcomes. A systematic search of five electronic databases resulted in 81 observational studies included in the review. Eveningness was found to be significantly associated with general mental health (r = 0.20), mood-related disturbances (r = 0.17), and anxiety problems (r = 0.13). The qualitative review also identified that eveningness was associated with greater risks for psychotic symptoms and maladaptive eating behaviours. These findings highlighted the need to consider circadian preference in the clinical management of youth mental health problems. Further research is needed to examine the efficacy of a circadian-focused intervention in the context of youth mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forrest Tin Wai Cheung
- Sleep Research Clinic and Laboratory, Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Xiao Li
- Sleep Research Clinic and Laboratory, Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Tsz Kwan Hui
- Sleep Research Clinic and Laboratory, Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ngan Yin Chan
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Joey Wy Chan
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yun Kwok Wing
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Shirley Xin Li
- Sleep Research Clinic and Laboratory, Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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Low circadian amplitude and delayed phase are linked to seasonal affective disorder (SAD). JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2022.100395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
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Plano SA, Soneira S, Tortello C, Golombek DA. Is the binge-eating disorder a circadian disorder? Front Nutr 2022; 9:964491. [PMID: 35938096 PMCID: PMC9352861 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.964491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Santiago A. Plano
- Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sebastián Soneira
- Sección de Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria y Psiquiatría Nutricional, Servicio de Psiquiatría, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Camila Tortello
- Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego A. Golombek
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Escuela de Educación, Universidad de San Andrés, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Diego A. Golombek
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Circadian Rhythms in Mood Disorders. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1344:153-168. [PMID: 34773231 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-81147-1_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Altered behavioral rhythms are a fundamental diagnostic feature of mood disorders. Patients report worse subjective sleep and objective measures confirm this, implicating a role for circadian rhythm disruptions in mood disorder pathophysiology. Molecular clock gene mutations are associated with increased risk of mood disorder diagnosis and/or severity of symptoms, and mouse models of clock gene mutations have abnormal mood-related behaviors. The mechanism by which circadian rhythms contribute to mood disorders remains unknown, however, circadian rhythms regulate and are regulated by various biological systems that are abnormal in mood disorders and this interaction is theorized to be a key component of mood disorder pathophysiology. A growing body of evidence has begun defining how the interaction of circadian and neurotransmitter systems influences mood and behavior, including the role of current antidepressants and mood stabilizers. Additionally, the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis interacts with both circadian and monoaminergic systems and may facilitate the contribution of environmental stressors to mood disorder pathophysiology. The central role of circadian rhythms in mood disorders has led to the development of chronotherapeutics, which are treatments designed specifically to target circadian rhythm regulators, such as sleep, light, and melatonin, to produce an antidepressant response.
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Yeom JW, Jeong S, Seo JY, Jeon S, Lee HJ. Association of the Serotonin 2A Receptor rs6311 Polymorphism with Diurnal Preference in Koreans. Psychiatry Investig 2020; 17:1137-1142. [PMID: 33115187 PMCID: PMC7711123 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2020.0358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evidence for the association between circadian rhythm delay and depression is accumulating. Genetic studies have shown that certain polymorphisms in circadian genes are potential genetic markers of diurnal preference. Along with circadian genes, there is a growing interest in other genetic effects on circadian rhythms. This study evaluated whether the HTR2A rs6311 (-1438C/T) polymorphism is associated with diurnal preference in a Korean population. METHODS A total of 510 healthy subjects were included in this study. All subjects were genotyped for the HTR2A rs6311 polymorphism and they completed the Korean version of the composite scale of morningness (CSM). RESULTS The C allele carriers (C/C+C/T) showed significantly higher CSM scores compared to C allele non-carriers (T/T) (t=2.22, p= 0.03), suggesting the existence of a morning chronotype tendency in C allele carriers. In other words, the T/T genotype may be associated with the evening chronotype. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the HTR2A rs6311 polymorphism may be associated with diurnal preference in a healthy Korean population. The absence of the C allele may be responsible for the increasing susceptibility to eveningness in the Korean population. Further studies on HTR2A polymorphisms that evaluate their interactions with various candidate genes and differences in phenotypic expression of polymorphisms according to ethnic groups are warranted to fully understand their association with diurnal preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Won Yeom
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghwa Jeong
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Chronobiology Institute, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Yeon Seo
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Chronobiology Institute, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehyun Jeon
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Chronobiology Institute, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heon-Jeong Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Chronobiology Institute, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Ferrer A, Costas J, Gratacos M, Martínez‐Amorós È, Labad J, Soriano‐Mas C, Palao D, Menchón JM, Crespo JM, Urretavizcaya M, Soria V. Clock gene polygenic risk score and seasonality in major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2020; 19:e12683. [DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Ferrer
- Department of Mental Health ParcTaulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT) Sabadell Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Javier Costas
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS) de Santiago de Compostela, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS) Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela Galicia Spain
| | - Mònica Gratacos
- Genetic Causes of Disease Group Centre for Genomic Regulation Barcelona Spain
| | - Èrika Martínez‐Amorós
- Department of Mental Health ParcTaulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT) Sabadell Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM) Carlos III Health Institute Madrid Spain
| | - Javier Labad
- Department of Mental Health ParcTaulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT) Sabadell Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM) Carlos III Health Institute Madrid Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Carles Soriano‐Mas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM) Carlos III Health Institute Madrid Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Neurosciences Group – Psychiatry and Mental Health Barcelona Spain
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Health Sciences Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Diego Palao
- Department of Mental Health ParcTaulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT) Sabadell Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM) Carlos III Health Institute Madrid Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Menchón
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM) Carlos III Health Institute Madrid Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Neurosciences Group – Psychiatry and Mental Health Barcelona Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Crespo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM) Carlos III Health Institute Madrid Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Neurosciences Group – Psychiatry and Mental Health Barcelona Spain
| | - Mikel Urretavizcaya
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM) Carlos III Health Institute Madrid Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Neurosciences Group – Psychiatry and Mental Health Barcelona Spain
| | - Virginia Soria
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM) Carlos III Health Institute Madrid Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Neurosciences Group – Psychiatry and Mental Health Barcelona Spain
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Daily and Seasonal Variation in Light Exposure among the Old Order Amish. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17124460. [PMID: 32575882 PMCID: PMC7344929 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to artificial bright light in the late evening and early night, common in modern society, triggers phase delay of circadian rhythms, contributing to delayed sleep phase syndrome and seasonal affective disorder. Studying a unique population like the Old Order Amish (OOA), whose lifestyles resemble pre-industrial societies, may increase understanding of light’s relationship with health. Thirty-three participants (aged 25–74, mean age 53.5; without physical or psychiatric illnesses) from an OOA community in Lancaster, PA, were assessed with wrist-worn actimeters/light loggers for at least 2 consecutive days during winter/spring (15 January–16 April) and spring/summer (14 May–10 September). Daily activity, sleep–wake cycles, and their relationship with light exposure were analyzed. Overall activity levels and light exposure increased with longer photoperiod length. While seasonal variations in the amount and spectral content of light exposure were equivalent to those reported previously for non-Amish groups, the OOA experienced a substantially (~10-fold) higher amplitude of diurnal variation in light exposure (darker nights and brighter days) throughout the year than reported for the general population. This pattern may be contributing to lower rates of SAD, short sleep, delayed sleep phase, eveningness, and metabolic dysregulation, previously reported among the OOA population.
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Gao Q, Sheng J, Qin S, Zhang L. Chronotypes and affective disorders: A clock for mood? BRAIN SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020. [DOI: 10.26599/bsa.2019.9050018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Affective disorders are often accompanied by circadian rhythm disruption and the major symptoms of mental illness occur in a rhythmic manner. Chronotype, also known as circadian preference for rest or activity, is believed to exert a substantial influence on mental health. Here, we review the connection between chronotypes and affective disorders, and discuss the potential underlying mechanisms between these two phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Juan Sheng
- Jingzhou Mental Health Center, Jingzhou 434000, Hubei, China
| | - Song Qin
- Jingzhou Mental Health Center, Jingzhou 434000, Hubei, China
| | - Luoying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
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Tonetti L, Adan A, Caci H, De Pascalis V, Fabbri M, Natale V. Morningness-eveningness preference and sensation seeking. Eur Psychiatry 2020; 25:111-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2009.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2009] [Revised: 09/23/2009] [Accepted: 09/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe aim of this study was to explore the relationship between circadian preference and sensation seeking. To this aim 1041 university students (408 males and 633 females), ranging in age between 18 and 30 years, filled the reduced version of the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQr) and the Sensation Seeking Scale-Form V (SSS-V). Males scored higher than females in SSS-V total score and all subscales, except experience seeking (ES). As regards circadian preference, evening types scored higher than morning types in SSS-V total score and all subscales, except boredom susceptibility (BS) where they significantly differed only from intermediate types. On the whole our results highlight a significant relationship between circadian preference and sensation seeking.
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Chen Y, Hong W, Fang Y. Role of biological rhythm dysfunction in the development and management of bipolar disorders: a review. Gen Psychiatr 2020; 33:e100127. [PMID: 32090195 PMCID: PMC7003374 DOI: 10.1136/gpsych-2019-100127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Disturbance of biological rhythms contributes to the onset of bipolar disorders and is an important clinical feature of the condition. To further explore the role of biological rhythms in bipolar disorders, 95 English articles published between 1968 and 2019 were retrieved from the PubMed database and analysed. We herein review the outcomes of studies on biological rhythm disturbance in bipolar disorders, including the epidemiology, aetiology, clinical features (eg, sleep, feeding and eating disorders) and treatment of the condition evaluated by patients’ self-report and biological indicators such as melatonin. Our report supports the characterisation of biological rhythm disturbance as a significant clinical feature affecting the onset and development of bipolar disorders and reviews classical and novel treatments, such as chronotherapy, that can be applied in the clinical practice. Our analysis indicates that a more comprehensive study of the pathophysiology, clinical phenomenology and treatment of biological rhythm disturbance is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Chen
- Clinical Research Center & Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wu Hong
- Clinical Research Center & Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiru Fang
- Clinical Research Center & Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai, China
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13
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Park MH, Park S, Jung KI, Kim JI, Cho SC, Kim BN. Moderating effects of depressive symptoms on the relationship between problematic use of the Internet and sleep problems in Korean adolescents. BMC Psychiatry 2018; 18:280. [PMID: 30180824 PMCID: PMC6122637 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-018-1865-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence is a period of marked sleep pattern changes and sleep problems, which may result from both endogenous and exogenous factors. Among the various factors affecting adolescent sleep, depression and problematic Internet use (PIU) have received considerable attention. We examined if there is a different PIU effect on sleep between depressed group and non-depressed groups. METHODS Data for a total of 766 students' between 7th and 11th grades were analyzed. We assessed various variables related sleep to problems and depression and compared those variables between an adolescent group with problematic Internet use (PIUG) and an adolescent group with normal Internet use (NIUG). RESULTS One hundred fifty two participants were classified as PIUG, and 614 were classified as NIUG. Compared with the NIUG, the members of the PIUG were more prone to insomnia, excessive daytime sleepiness and sleep-wake behavior problems. The PIUG also tended to include more evening types than the NIUG. Interestingly, the effect of Internet use problems on sleep problems appeared to be different according to the presence or absence of the moderating effect of depression. When we considered the moderating effect of depression, the effect of Internet use problems on sleep-wake behavior problems, insomnia and excessive daytime sleepiness increased with increasing Young's Internet Addiction Scale (IAS) scores in the non-depressed group. However, in the depressed group, the effects of Internet use problems on sleep-wake behavior problems and insomnia did not change with increasing Internet use problems, and the effect of Internet use problems on excessive daytime sleepiness was relatively decreased with increasing Internet use problems in the depressed group. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that the effect of PIU on sleep presented differently between the depressed and non-depressed groups. PIU is associated with poorer sleep in non-depressed adolescents but not in depressed adolescents. This finding might be observed because PIU may be the biggest contributor to sleep problems in the problematic Internet user without depression, but in the problematic Internet user with depression, depression might be a more important contributor to sleep problems; thus, the influence of PIU on sleep effect might be diluted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hyeon Park
- 0000 0004 0470 4224grid.411947.eDepartment of Psychiatry, St. Paul’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Subin Park
- National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-In Jung
- 0000 0004 0470 4224grid.411947.eDepartment of Psychiatry, St. Paul’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Johanna Inhyang Kim
- 0000 0004 0647 3378grid.412480.bDepartment of Public Medical Services, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang, Sungnam-Si Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Churl Cho
- 0000 0004 0624 2238grid.413897.0Department of Psychiatry, Korea Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Bundang, Republic of Korea
| | - Bung-Nyun Kim
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-No, Chongno-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Chronotype, reflecting interindividual differences in daily activity patterns and sleep-wake cycles, is intrinsically connected with well-being. Research indicates increased risk of many adverse mental health outcomes for evening-type individuals. Here, we provide an overview of the current evidence available on the relationship between chronotype and psychiatric disorders. RECENT FINDINGS The association between eveningness and depression is well established cross-sectionally, with preliminary support from longitudinal studies. The mechanisms underlying this relationship warrant further research; deficient cognitive-emotional processes have recently been implicated. Eveningness is associated with unhealthy lifestyle habits, and the propensity of evening types to addiction has been recognized. Chronotype may also be implicated in disordered eating. SUMMARY Eveningness is associated with depression-including seasonal affective disorder (SAD)-and substance dependence, while support for a relation with anxiety disorders and psychosis is lacking. In bipolar disorder, chronotype is linked to depression but not mania. Eveningness is also related to sleep disturbances and poor lifestyle habits, which may increase risk for psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liia Kivelä
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marinos Rodolfos Papadopoulos
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Niki Antypa
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, The Netherlands
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15
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Associations of depression and seasonality with morning-evening preference: Comparison of contributions of its morning and evening components. Psychiatry Res 2018; 262:609-617. [PMID: 28965814 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite predominance of positive findings on associations of morning-evening preference with seasonality and depression, it remains to be clarified whether morning and evening components of this preference equally contribute to these associations and whether these associations persist after accounting for confounding variables. Data on retrospectively reported seasonal changes in well-being, mood, and behaviors were collected from 2398 residents of West Siberia, South and North Yakutia, Chukotka, Alaska, and Turkmenistan. Other self-reports included mental and physical health, sleep duration, and adaptabilities of the sleep-wake cycle. Depression was found to be linked to morning rather than evening component of morning-evening preference, i.e., morning lateness. Morning lateness was also linked to retrospectively reported degree of seasonal changes rather than to severity of problems associated with such changes. Variation in morning-evening preference explained not more than 2% and 4% of the total variation in depression and seasonality, respectively. The associations became even weaker but remained significant after accounting for other differences between respondents, such as their gender, age, physical health, and adaptability of their sleep-wake cycle. These results have practical relevance for understanding of the roles playing by morning earliness and insensitivity to seasonal changes in the environment to protection against different mood disorders.
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16
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Bowers B, Flory R, Ametepe J, Staley L, Patrick A, Carrington H. Controlled trial evaluation of exposure duration to negative air ions for the treatment of seasonal affective disorder. Psychiatry Res 2018; 259:7-14. [PMID: 29024857 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effectiveness of 30 or 60min of daily exposure to high-density or to zero-density (placebo condition) negative air ions over 18 days on the symptoms of seasonal affective disorder (SAD) in 40 participants under controlled laboratory conditions. Exposure to high-density negative air ions was superior to zero-density negative air ions in alleviating depression and the atypical symptoms of SAD. Also, more subjects in the high-density negative air ions groups met two different clinical response criteria than did those in the zero-density groups. Within the high density treatment group, both the short and long daily exposure reduced SAD symptoms. Exposure to negative air ions produced no negative side effects, and no ozone was produced by the ion generators. In both the high-density negative air ions and zero-density negative air ions groups, a significant placebo effect was found for most clinical measures. Finally, for the high-density negative air ion groups, subjects with a morningness chronotype responded better to treatment with high-density negative air ions than did those with an eveningness chronotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie Bowers
- Department of Psychology, Hollins University, Roanoke, VA 24020, USA
| | - Randall Flory
- Department of Psychology, Hollins University, Roanoke, VA 24020, USA
| | - Joseph Ametepe
- Department of Physics, Hollins University, Roanoke, VA 24020, USA
| | - Lauren Staley
- Department of Psychology, Hollins University, Roanoke, VA 24020, USA
| | - Anne Patrick
- Department of Psychology, Hollins University, Roanoke, VA 24020, USA
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17
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Au J, Reece J. The relationship between chronotype and depressive symptoms: A meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2017; 218:93-104. [PMID: 28463712 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expanding our understanding of the factors that influence depression is crucial for prognosis and treatment. In light of increasing evidence of an association between disrupted circadian rhythms and affective symptoms, a meta-analysis was used to examine the relationship between an eveningness chronotype and depression. METHODS Electronic searches of the PsycINFO, Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases were conducted in February 2016. Relevant reviews, related journals, and reference lists were manually searched. Statistical data were reported or transformed to a Fisher's z correlational coefficient for effect size analysis. RESULTS Data from 36 studies (n =15734) met the inclusion criteria and were analysed under a random effects model. Nearly all included studies utilised the Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM) or the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) as a measure of chronotype. Overall effect size from 58 effect sizes was small (z=-.20; 95% CI: -.18 to -.23). Effect sizes based on the CSM were significantly larger than those based on the MEQ. There was no evidence of publication bias. LIMITATIONS The number of studies comparing different mood disorders or the potential moderating effects of gender and age were too few to draw conclusions regarding their respective effect sizes. Future research should utilise longitudinal designs to draw causal inferences on the directionality of this relationship. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this meta-analysis indicate an eveningness orientation is somewhat associated with more severe mood symptoms. Chronobiological approaches may contribute to the prevention and treatment of depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacky Au
- School of Psychological Sciences, Australian College of Applied Psychology, Sydney, Australia.
| | - John Reece
- School of Psychological Sciences, Australian College of Applied Psychology, Melbourne, Australia
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18
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Basnet S, Merikanto I, Lahti T, Männistö S, Laatikainen T, Vartiainen E, Partonen T. Associations of common noncommunicable medical conditions and chronic diseases with chronotype in a population-based health examination study. Chronobiol Int 2017; 34:462-470. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2017.1295050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Syaron Basnet
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilona Merikanto
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuuli Lahti
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Laatikainen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Medical Treatment Operational Area, Hospital District of North Karelia, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Erkki Vartiainen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Partonen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
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19
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20
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Circadian preferences, oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines in bipolar disorder: A community study. J Neuroimmunol 2016; 301:23-29. [PMID: 27836181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess circadian preference among a community sample of people with bipolar disorder, major depression and without any mood disorders. Secondly, we investigated the association of circadian preference with cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and oxidative stress assessed by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), uric acid and Protein Carbonyl Content (PCC). METHOD A cross-sectional study nested in a population-based sample. Caseness was confirmed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. A sample of 215 participants, in whom we measured circadian preferences, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, TBARS, uric acid, PCC. Biological rhythms were evaluated using the Biological Interview of Assessment in Neuropsychiatry. RESULTS Bipolar group presented a higher alteration in biological rhythms (40.40±9.78) when compared with the major depression group (36.35±9.18) and control group (27.61±6.89) p<0.001. Subjects with bipolar disorder who were active at night and had a day/night cycle reverse showed decreased levels of IL-6 (t, 44=2.096; p=0.042), (t, 44=2.213; p=0.032), respectively. In the bipolar disorder group subjects who presented day/night cycle reverse had lower TBARS levels (t, 41=2.612; p=0.013). TNF-α were decreased in subjects more active at night with bipolar disorder. CONCLUSION Lower serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α and TBARS were associated with evening preference in bipolar disorder group. These findings suggest that chronotype may alter the levels of interleukins and oxidative stress levels in bipolar and healthy subjects. A better understanding of the role of circadian preferences in levels of interleukins and oxidative stress are needed.
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21
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Ng TH, Chung KF, Lee CT, Yeung WF, Ho FYY. Eveningness and Its Associated Impairments in Remitted Bipolar Disorder. Behav Sleep Med 2016; 14:650-64. [PMID: 26549008 DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2015.1065407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Sleep-wake and circadian rhythm disturbances are common in remitted bipolar disorder. These disturbances include difficulty initiating and maintaining sleep, daytime sleepiness, sleep irregularity, and a circadian tendency toward eveningness. To date, few studies have examined the impact of eveningness on impairments in remitted bipolar disorder. Ninety-eight adults diagnosed with bipolar disorder I, II, or not otherwise specified were evaluated. Hierarchical linear regression analyses showed that eveningness was associated with greater sleep-wake disturbances, more unhealthy dietary habits, worse quality of life, more impaired interpersonal relationships, and more dysfunctional sleep-related cognitions and behaviors, controlling for age, gender, and years of education. Targeted intervention on dysfunctional sleep-related cognitions and behaviors may reverse eveningness and improve functioning in bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommy H Ng
- a Department of Psychiatry University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China
| | - Ka-Fai Chung
- a Department of Psychiatry University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China
| | - Chit-Tat Lee
- b Department of Psychiatry Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China
| | - Wing-Fai Yeung
- c School of Chinese Medicine University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China
| | - Fiona Y Y Ho
- d Department of Psychology University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China
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22
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Baek JH, Kim JS, Kim MJ, Ryu S, Lee K, Ha K, Hong KS. Lifetime Characteristics of Evening-Preference and Irregular Bed-Rise Time Are Associated With Lifetime Seasonal Variation of Mood and Behavior: Comparison Between Individuals With Bipolar Disorder and Healthy Controls. Behav Sleep Med 2016; 14:155-68. [PMID: 25384190 DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2014.974179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Sleep-wake cycle disruption and seasonal variation in mood and behavior have been associated with mood disorders. This study aimed to investigate the lifetime characteristics of the sleep-wake cycle and its association with the lifetime characteristics of seasonality in individuals with bipolar disorder. Circadian preference, regularity of bed-rise time, and seasonality were evaluated on a lifetime basis using the Composite Scale of Morningness, the Sleep Timing Questionnaire, and the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire in clinically stable individuals with bipolar I/II disorders (n = 103/97) and healthy controls (n = 270). Bipolar groups were more likely to have evening preference and irregular bed-rise time. These characteristics were interrelated and, particularly, more prevalent in bipolar II disorder. Seasonality, which was also more prevalent in the bipolar groups, was associated with evening preference and irregularity of the weekday bed-rise time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Baek
- a Department of Psychiatry , Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Samsung Medical Center
| | - Ji Sun Kim
- b Department of Neuropsychiatry , Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Kyunggi-Do Seoul National Hospital
| | - Mi Jin Kim
- a Department of Psychiatry , Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Samsung Medical Center
| | - Seunghyung Ryu
- a Department of Psychiatry , Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Samsung Medical Center
| | - Kounseok Lee
- a Department of Psychiatry , Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Samsung Medical Center
| | - Kyooseob Ha
- b Department of Neuropsychiatry , Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Kyunggi-Do Seoul National Hospital
| | - Kyung Sue Hong
- a Department of Psychiatry , Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Samsung Medical Center.,c Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center
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23
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Jankowski KS. Morningness-eveningness and depressive symptoms: Test on the components level with CES-D in Polish students. J Affect Disord 2016; 196:47-53. [PMID: 26897456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aimed to elucidate previously observed associations between morningness-eveningness and depressive symptomatology in university students. Relations between components of depressive symptomatology and morningness-eveningness were analysed. METHODS Nine hundred and seventy-four university students completed Polish versions of the Centre for Epidemiological Studies - Depression scale (CES-D; Polish translation appended to this paper) and the Composite Scale of Morningness. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to test the structure of depressive symptoms. Pearson and partial correlations (with age and sex controlled), along with regression analyses with morning affect (MA) and circadian preference as predictors, were used. RESULTS PCA revealed three components of depressive symptoms: depressed/somatic affect, positive affect, interpersonal relations. Greater MA was related to less depressive symptoms in three components. Morning circadian preference was related to less depressive symptoms in depressed/somatic and positive affects and unrelated to interpersonal relations. Both morningness-eveningness components exhibited stronger links with depressed/somatic and positive affects than with interpersonal relations. Three CES-D components exhibited stronger links with MA than with circadian preference. In regression analyses only MA was statistically significant for positive affect and better interpersonal relations, whereas more depressed/somatic affect was predicted by lower MA and morning circadian preference (relationship reversed compared to correlations). LIMITATIONS Self-report assessment. CONCLUSIONS There are three groups of depressive symptoms in Polish university students. Associations of MA with depressed/somatic and positive affects are primarily responsible for the observed links between morningness-eveningness and depressive symptoms in university students. People with evening circadian preference whose MA is not lowered have less depressed/somatic affect.
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24
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Sandman N, Merikanto I, Määttänen H, Valli K, Kronholm E, Laatikainen T, Partonen T, Paunio T. Winter is coming: nightmares and sleep problems during seasonal affective disorder. J Sleep Res 2016; 25:612-619. [PMID: 27174375 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sleep problems, especially nightmares and insomnia, often accompany depression. This study investigated how nightmares, symptoms of insomnia, chronotype and sleep duration associate with seasonal affective disorder, a special form of depression. Additionally, it was noted how latitude, a proxy for photoperiod, and characteristics of the place of residence affect the prevalence of seasonal affective disorder and sleep problems. To study these questions, data from FINRISK 2012 study were used. FINRISK 2012 consists of a random population sample of Finnish adults aged 25-74 years (n = 4905) collected during winter from Finnish urban and rural areas spanning the latitudes of 60°N to 66°N. The Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire was used to assess symptoms of seasonal affective disorder. Participants with symptoms of seasonal affective disorder had significantly increased odds of experiencing frequent nightmares and symptoms of insomnia, and they were more often evening chronotypes. Associations between latitude, population size and urbanicity with seasonal affective disorder symptoms and sleep disturbances were generally not significant, although participants living in areas bordering urban centres had less sleep problems than participants from other regions. These data show that the prevalence of seasonal affective disorder was not affected by latitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Sandman
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland. .,Department of Psychology and Speech Language Pathology, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Turku Brain and Mind Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Ilona Merikanto
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Määttänen
- Department of Psychology and Speech Language Pathology, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Turku Brain and Mind Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Katja Valli
- Department of Psychology and Speech Language Pathology, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Turku Brain and Mind Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Philosophy, School of Bioscience, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Erkki Kronholm
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland
| | - Tiina Laatikainen
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Hospital District of North Karelia, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Timo Partonen
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Paunio
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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25
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Basnet S, Merikanto I, Lahti T, Männistö S, Laatikainen T, Vartiainen E, Partonen T. Seasonal variations in mood and behavior associate with common chronic diseases and symptoms in a population-based study. Psychiatry Res 2016; 238:181-188. [PMID: 27086231 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess how seasonality is associated with some of the most common non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in the general Finnish population. The global seasonality score (GSS) was used to measure the magnitude of seasonality in 4689 participants, in addition to which they reported the extent to which the seasonal variations in mood and behavior were experienced as a problem. Regression models and the odds ratios were adopted to analyze the associations adjusted for a range of covariates. Seventy percent of the participants had seasonal variations in sleep duration, social activity, mood, or energy level, and forty percent those in weight and appetite. Angina pectoris and depression were significantly associated with seasonality throughout the analysis. Hypertension, high cholesterol levels, diabetes, other (than rheumatoid) joint diseases and other (than depressive) psychological illnesses were significantly associated with experiencing a problem due to the seasonal variations, with an increase in the GSS, and with seasonal affective disorder and its subsyndromal form. The co-occurrence of the seasonal variations in mood and behavior with certain common NCDs warrants future research to have insights into the etiology and potentially shared pathways and mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syaron Basnet
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Behavioral Sciences and Philosophy, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Ilona Merikanto
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Orton Orthopaedics Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuuli Lahti
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Behavioral Sciences and Philosophy, University of Turku, Finland; Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Laatikainen
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erkki Vartiainen
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Partonen
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
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26
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Keller LK, Zöschg S, Grünewald B, Roenneberg T, Schulte-Körne G. Chronotyp und Depression bei Jugendlichen – ein Review. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDER-UND JUGENDPSYCHIATRIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2016; 44:113-26. [DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Depressive Erkrankungen gehen mit vielen Symptomen einher, die in Bezug zu einer tageszeitlichen Rhythmik und dem Schlafverhalten stehen. Die vielfältigen Zusammenhänge zwischen Schlaf, Depression und Tagesrhythmik sind nicht eindeutig geklärt. In den Forschungsarbeiten der letzten Jahre kommt dem Chronotyp eine besondere Bedeutung zu. Als biologisches Maß der inneren Uhr kann der Chronotyp – basierend auf Schlafzeiten – mit dem Munich ChronoType Questionnaire (MCTQ) bestimmt werden, als subjektive Präferenz für bestimmte Tageszeiten wird er mit dem Morningness-Eveningness-Questionnaire (MEQ) erfasst. Durch eine systematische Literaturrecherche konnten Studien identifiziert werden, die überwiegend einen Zusammenhang zwischen einem späten Chronotyp und depressiven Symptomen und depressiven Störungen zeigen. Dies ist besonders für Jugendliche relevant, da sich der Chronotyp zur Adoleszenz hin stark verändert. Bisher ist nicht geklärt, was am Zusammenhang zwischen Chronotyp und depressiver Störung Ursache und Wirkung ist und welche Faktoren als Moderator oder Mediator fungieren. Möglicherweise ist der Zusammenhang bidirektional: Einerseits ziehen sich Patienten mit depressiven Störungen häufig zurück und sind weniger Tageslicht ausgesetzt, was ihren Chronotyp später werden lässt. Andererseits führt eine Diskrepanz von Innenzeit (festgelegt durch die innere Uhr) und Außenzeit (z. B. durch Schul- und Arbeitszeiten) zu Problemen wie einer verringerten Schlafqualität und schlechteren Schulnoten, die wiederum im Zusammenhang mit Depressivität stehen können.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Katharina Keller
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, Klinikum der Universität München
- Institut für Medizinische Psychologie, Zentrum für Chronobiologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
- Geteilte Erstautorenschaft
| | - Sarah Zöschg
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, Klinikum der Universität München
- Geteilte Erstautorenschaft
| | - Barbara Grünewald
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, Klinikum der Universität München
| | - Till Roenneberg
- Institut für Medizinische Psychologie, Zentrum für Chronobiologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
| | - Gerd Schulte-Körne
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, Klinikum der Universität München
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Merikanto I, Suvisaari J, Lahti T, Partonen T. Eveningness relates to burnout and seasonal sleep and mood problems among young adults. Nord J Psychiatry 2016; 70:72-80. [PMID: 26118822 DOI: 10.3109/08039488.2015.1053519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Diurnal preference towards eveningness among adults has been associated with unhealthy habits and a range of health hazards, such as sleeping problems and higher odds for depression. We wanted to analyse whether diurnal preference towards eveningness is associated with more severe symptoms regarding sleep problems and mental disorders among young adults. METHODS Our sample consists of 469 young adults, aged 18-29 years, from the Mental Health in Early Adulthood Study in Finland (MEAF) conducted in 2003-2005. Chronotype was based on the assessment of one question that was asked first in 2000-2001 and the second time in 2003-2005. Those 73 participants who changed their chronotype were excluded from the main analysis, but separate analyses were performed with this group. RESULTS Concerning sleep, E-types reported higher dependency on alarm clocks (p < 0.001), and E-types and I-types had more problems in feeling refreshed after waking up (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.05 respectively) than M-types. Regarding mental health, E-types and I-types had lower odds for any lifetime DSM-IV Axis I disorder (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01 respectively) than M-types. CONCLUSIONS Our results are in line with previous findings that those with the diurnal preference towards eveningness have more frequently three or more lifetime mental disorders, more sleeping problems, more seasonal variation in mood and behaviour, and more burnout compared with those with the diurnal preference towards morningness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Merikanto
- a Ilona Merikanto, Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services , National Institute for Health and Welfare , Helsinki , Finland , Department of Biosciences , University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Jaana Suvisaari
- b Jaana Suvisaari, Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services , National Institute for Health and Welfare , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Tuuli Lahti
- c Tuuli Lahti, Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services , National Institute for Health and Welfare , Helsinki , Finland , Department of Behavioural Sciences and Philosophy , University of Turku , Turku , Finland
| | - Timo Partonen
- d Timo Partonen, Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services , National Institute for Health and Welfare , Helsinki , Finland
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28
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Zhang L, Evans DS, Raheja UK, Stephens SH, Stiller JW, Reeves G, Johnson M, Ryan KA, Weizel N, Vaswani D, McLain H, Shuldiner AR, Mitchell BD, Hsueh WC, Snitker S, Postolache TT. Chronotype and seasonality: morningness is associated with lower seasonal mood and behavior changes in the Old Order Amish. J Affect Disord 2015; 174:209-14. [PMID: 25527990 PMCID: PMC4356625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies documented that lower scores on the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) are associated with a higher global seasonality of mood (GSS). As for the Modern Man artificial lighting predominantly extends evening activity and exposure to light, and as evening bright light phase is known to delay circadian rhythms, this chronic exposure could potentially lead to both lower Morningness as well as higher GSS. The aim of the study was to investigate if the MEQ-GSS relationship holds in the Old Order Amish of Lancaster County, PA, a population that does not use network electrical light. METHODS 489 Old Order Amish adults (47.6% women), with average (SD) age of 49.7 (14.2) years, completed both the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ) for the assessment of GSS, and MEQ. Associations between GSS scores and MEQ scores were analyzed using linear models, accounting for age, gender and relatedness by including the relationship matrix in the model as a random effect. RESULTS GSS was inversely associated with MEQ scores (p=0.006, adjusted). LIMITATIONS include a potential recall bias associated with self-report questionnaires and no actual light exposure measurements. CONCLUSION We confirmed the previously reported inverse association between MEQ scores and lower seasonality of mood, for the first time in a population that does not use home network electrical lighting. This result suggests that the association is not a byproduct of exposure to network electric light, and calls for additional research to investigate mechanisms by which Morningness is negatively associated with seasonality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layan Zhang
- Mood and Anxiety Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine,
Baltimore, MD, USA,Saint Elizabeths Hospital, Psychiatry Residency Training Program,
Washington, DC, USA
| | - Daniel S. Evans
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco,
CA, USA
| | - Uttam K. Raheja
- Mood and Anxiety Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine,
Baltimore, MD, USA,Saint Elizabeths Hospital, Psychiatry Residency Training Program,
Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sarah H. Stephens
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of
Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John W. Stiller
- Mood and Anxiety Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine,
Baltimore, MD, USA,Saint Elizabeths Hospital, Psychiatry Residency Training Program,
Washington, DC, USA
| | - Gloria Reeves
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry & University of
Maryland Child and Adolescent Mental Health Innovations Center, University of
Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mary Johnson
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of
Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kathleen A Ryan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of
Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nancy Weizel
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry & University of
Maryland Child and Adolescent Mental Health Innovations Center, University of
Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dipika Vaswani
- Mood and Anxiety Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine,
Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hassan McLain
- Mood and Anxiety Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine,
Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alan R. Shuldiner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of
Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Braxton D. Mitchell
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of
Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wen-Chi Hsueh
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, NIDDK, National
Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Soren Snitker
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of
Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Teodor T. Postolache
- Mood and Anxiety Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine,
Baltimore, MD, USA,VISN 5 Capitol Health Care Network Mental Illness Research Education
and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Baltimore, MD, USA and VISN 19 MIRECC, Denver,
Colorado, USA,Corresponding author at: University of Maryland School
of Medicine, Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, 685 West
Baltimore Street, MSTF Building Room 930, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA., Tel.:
+1 4107062323; fax: +1 4107060751.,
(T.T. Postolache)
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Rahafar A, Sadeghi J M, Sadeghpour A, Heidari Z, Kasaeian A. Psychometric properties of the Persian version of the reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire: Further evidence. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/sbr.12093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Biological rhythm differences and suicidal ideation in patients with major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2014; 168:294-7. [PMID: 25080393 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicidal behavior has been reported to be associated with seasonality and chronotype. However, no study has reported the suicidality according to chronotype and seasonality in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). This study evaluated the relationship of suicidality and biological rhythm in patients with MDD. METHODS A total of 120 patients with MDD participated. We evaluated their seasonal patterns, chronotypes (morningness, wake up early and are at their best during the first part of the day; eveningness, feel best and most alert during late hours), suicidal ideations, and other clinical variables including symptom severity. RESULTS Patients with seasonality showed significantly higher suicidal ideation than patients without seasonality. Compared to morning-type participants, the evening-type participants showed higher suicidality. Suicidal ideation was positively correlated with eveningness tendencies and hypomanic personality traits. LIMITATIONS First, we did not analyze the causal relationship between biological rhythm and suicidality. Secondly, suicidal ideation does not in most cases reflect an actual attempt. Lastly, we did not categorize seasonal pattern into summer or winter type. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that biological rhythm is significantly associated with suicidal ideation in patients with MDD.
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Oginska H, Oginska-Bruchal K. Chronotype and personality factors of predisposition to seasonal affective disorder. Chronobiol Int 2014; 31:523-31. [DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2013.874355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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32
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Prat G, Adan A. Relationships among circadian typology, psychological symptoms, and sensation seeking. Chronobiol Int 2013; 30:942-9. [PMID: 23806000 DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2013.790044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Recently, attention has been focused on the relationship among circadian typology, psychiatric symptoms, and personality traits. This study analyzes the influence of circadian typology on psychological distress, and the sensation-seeking personality trait. Five hundred seventeen college students (173 males), aged 17 to 30, answered the Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM), the General Health Questionnaire 28-item version (GHQ-28), and the Sensation Seeking Scale-V (SSS-V). The evening-type subjects in our sample scored higher than the neither- and morning- type in the GHQ-28 total score, as well as in the four subscales that composed it (Psychosomatic Symptoms, Anxiety and Insomnia, Social Dysfunction, and Severe Depression) (p<0.02 in all cases). The evening-type subjects also had a larger proportion of psychiatric cases than the other two circadian typologies (p<0.0001 in all cases). Moreover, the evening-type subjects obtained higher scores in the SSS-V total score and in the subscales of Disinhibition and Boredom Susceptibility (p<0.001 in all cases). A positive correlation was observed between the GHQ-28 and the SSS-V total scores in the total sample, but only for the evening-type group (r=0.217; p<0.027). In the evening group, several relations were also found between the subscales of the GHQ-28 and the subscales of the SSS-V (r>0.206; p<0.036). All these data point to a relationship between evening-type subjects and the level of psychological distress and the sensation-seeking personality trait. They also suggest that eveningness could be related to developing psychological distress and personality traits that could, in turn, be related to developing other problems, such as drug consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Prat
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, School of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Gulec M, Selvi Y, Boysan M, Aydin A, Oral E, Aydin EF. Chronotype effects on general well-being and psychopathology levels in healthy young adults. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2012.704795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Tonetti L, Milfont TL, Tilyard BA, Natale V. Month of birth and mood seasonality: a comparison between countries in the northern and southern hemispheres. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2013; 67:133-8. [PMID: 23581863 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS A previous study has reported a significant month-of-birth effect on mood seasonality in the northern hemisphere. Higher mood seasonality was observed for university students born during spring or summer months (long photoperiod) compared to those born during autumn or winter months (short photoperiod). The aim of this study was to test the hypothesized photoperiod effect by comparing the correlation between month of birth and mood seasonality in two countries located at the opposite poles of the terrestrial globe: Italy (northern hemisphere) and New Zealand (southern hemisphere). On the basis of the photoperiod-at-birth hypothesis, we expected to find higher mood seasonality among individuals born in months with longer photoperiods in both countries. METHODS The Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire was administered to 1514 young adults (1088 women, 426 men; 1027 Italians, 487 New Zealanders), with ages ranging from 18 to 34 years. The Global Seasonality Score, which is a measure of mood seasonality, was calculated from the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire. RESULTS A significant overall month-of-birth effect was observed on the Global Seasonality Score, but only for men. Men born in April and August (corresponding in Italy to a long photoperiod, in New Zealand to a short photoperiod) had higher mood seasonality than those born in February, regardless of country. CONCLUSIONS A significant month-of-birth effect was found on mood seasonality, but results do not support the hypothesis based on the photoperiod effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Tonetti
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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Noisy and individual, but doable: shift-work research in humans. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2013; 199:399-411. [PMID: 22877677 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-59427-3.00022-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Working around the clock is common for many occupations, as diverse as nurses, truck drivers, physicians, steel workers, and pilots. Each shift-work profession is individual in more aspects than just work hours and individual work scenarios, each posing a different impact on the health of workers. Related health problems in shift workers, therefore, are also diverse and encompass sleep problems, metabolic and cardiovascular system disturbances, as well as cancer. Little is known about how all these individual factors influence a shift worker's health status, partly because many shift-work studies show inconsistent results. In addition, these individual factors create many methodological difficulties for researchers who investigate such work scenarios. This chapter presents examples from our laboratory and field studies of shift workers, which emphasize the importance of taking individual circumstances into account. Both study approaches, laboratory and field based, are needed to fully account for the difficulties that shift-work studies pose on both workers and researchers. Finally, understanding the mechanisms that underpin interindividual differences in response to shift work will advance our understanding of how to design better and healthier shift-work schedules in the future.
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Gelbmann G, Kuhn-Natriashvili S, Pazhedath TJ, Ardeljan M, Wöber C, Wöber-Bingöl C. Morningness: protective factor for sleep-related and emotional problems in childhood and adolescence? Chronobiol Int 2012; 29:898-910. [PMID: 22823873 DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2012.686946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between morningness/eveningness, sleep, and psychological problems is well documented in adults as well as in adolescents. However, research on the circadian orientation and its concomitants in younger children is scarce. The authors investigated the distribution of morningness/eveningness and its connection to sleeping and psychological problems in 91 children and 151 adolescents in Austria. The authors found that morning (M) types had less sleep-related and psychological problems than intermediate (I) and evening (E) types, respectively. Among children, M-types suffered less from daytime sleepiness (females: χ(2)((2)) = 8.1, p = .017; males: χ(2)((2)) = 14.8, p = .001). Among adolescents, M-types showed fewer sleep-wake problems (females: χ(2)((2)) = 17.5, p < .001; males: χ(2)((2)) = 19.8, p < .001), and female M-types showed less externalizing (χ(2)((2)) = 8.7, p = .013) as well as internalizing problem behavior (χ(2)((2)) = 9.0, p = .011). In conclusion, these findings indicate that morningness may act as a protective factor against the development of sleep-related problems in childhood and sleep-related and psychological problems in adolescence, especially in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Gelbmann
- Headache Outpatient Center, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Kantermann T, Theadom A, Roenneberg T, Cropley M. Fibromyalgia syndrome and chronotype: late chronotypes are more affected. J Biol Rhythms 2012; 27:176-9. [PMID: 22476779 DOI: 10.1177/0748730411435999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sleep has strong links to the symptomology of fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS), a diffuse musculoskeletal pain disorder. Information about the involvement of the circadian clock is, however, sparse. In this study, 1548 individuals with FMS completed an online survey containing questions on demographics, stimulant consumption, sleep quality, well-being and subjective pain, chronotype (assessed by the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire, MCTQ), and FMS impact. Chronotype (expressed as the mid-sleep-point on free days, corrected for sleep deficit on workdays, MSF(sc)) significantly correlated with stress-ratings, so-called "memory failures in everyday life," fatigue, FMS impact, and depression but not with anxiety. When chronotypes were categorized into 3 groups (early, intermediate, late), significant group differences were found for sum scores of perceived stress, memory failures in everyday life, fatigue, FMS impact, and depression but not anxiety, with late chronotypes being more affected than early chronotypes. Sleepiness ratings were highest in early chronotypes. Challenges of sleep quality and subjective pain were significantly increased in both early and late chronotypes. The results show that according to their reports, late chronotypes are more affected by fibromyalgia.
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Tonetti L, Sahu S, Natale V. Cross-national survey of winter and summer patterns of mood seasonality: a comparison between Italy and India. Compr Psychiatry 2012; 53:837-42. [PMID: 22225787 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2011.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Revised: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare winter and summer patterns of mood seasonality in university students living at different latitudes: Bologna, 44° N (Italy), and Kalyani, 22° N (India). To assess the mood seasonality, the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire was administered to 1370 university students (808 females, 562 males; 862 Italians, 508 Indians), ranging in age between 18 and 28 years. A significantly higher Global Seasonality Score was observed in females than males as well as in Italians than Indians. The estimated rates of summer seasonal affective disorder (SAD) and summer subsyndromal SAD were higher in Indians, whereas Italians reported higher percentage of winter SAD and winter subsyndromal SAD. The present findings are discussed in relation to the different environmental features between the 2 countries: high summer temperature in India and short winter photoperiod along with its great excursion over the year in Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Tonetti
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
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Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate, for the first time, the relationship between circadian preference and mood seasonality in adolescents. To this end, 1539 participants (881 female; 658 male) completed the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents and the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents to determine circadian preference and mood seasonality, respectively. Evening types achieved significantly higher mood seasonality scores than intermediate and morning types, as intermediates did than morning types. Agreeing with previous studies on young adults and adults, the present data indicate a significant relationship between eveningness and higher mood seasonality in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Tonetti
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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Randler C, Stadler L, Vollmer C, Diaz-Morales JF. Relationship Between Depressive Symptoms and Sleep Duration/Chronotype in Women. JOURNAL OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2012. [DOI: 10.1027/1614-0001/a000089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
There are few studies suggesting that chronotype or morningness-eveningness (M/E) is a predictor of depressive symptoms. A sample of 277 women (university students) of a mean age of 22.25 years ± (SD) 2.47 participated in this study. We used the Composite Scale of Morningness to assess circadian typology, the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) to assess depressive symptomatology, and – because M/E as well as depressive symptoms are associated with personality – we controlled for personality using a short measure of the Big Five Inventory as well as including a scale to measure hypochondriasis. There were 28 women classified with moderate, one with moderately severe, and three with severe depression. Negative correlations existed between CSM score, average sleep duration, extraversion, conscientiousness, and PHQ-9 scores, and positive correlations between hypochondriasis, neuroticism, and PHQ-9 scores. In a hierarchical regression, the model predicts 28% of variance in the PHQ-9 scores. Personality explained 15%, hypochondriasis accounted for 8%, and sleep duration and M/E added another 5%. The results suggest that the influence of morningness-eveningness (β = –0.102) is weaker than the influence of sleep duration (β = –0.194).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa Stadler
- Department of Biology, University of Education Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Juan Francisco Diaz-Morales
- Department of Biology, University of Education Heidelberg, Germany
- Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Seasonality and sleep: a clinical study on euthymic mood disorder patients. DEPRESSION RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2012; 2012:978962. [PMID: 22203895 PMCID: PMC3235681 DOI: 10.1155/2012/978962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background. Research on mood disorders has progressively focused on the study of seasons and on the mood in association with them during depressive or manic episodes yet few studies have focused on the seasonal fluctuation that characterizes the patient's clinical course both during an illness episode and during euthymic periods. Methods. 113 euthymic outpatients 46 affected by major recurrent depression and 67 affected by bipolar disorder were recruited. We evaluated the impact of clinical "rhythmical" factors: seasonality, sleep disturbance, and chronotype. Patients completed the SPAQ+ questionnaire, the MEQ questionnaire, and the medical outcomes study (MOS) sleep scale. We used t-test analyses to compare differences of clinical "rhythmical" and sociodemographic variables and of differences in the assessment scales among the diagnostic groups. Results. Patients reporting a family history for mood disorders have higher fluctuations throughout seasons. Sleep disturbance is more problematic in unipolars when compared to bipolars. Conclusions. Sleep, light, and seasonality seem to be three interconnected features that lie at the basis of chronobiology that, when altered, have an important effect both on the psychopathology and on the treatment of mood disorders.
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Genetics of circadian rhythms and mood spectrum disorders. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2011; 21 Suppl 4:S676-82. [PMID: 21835597 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2011.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Revised: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mood spectrum disorders (bipolar disorder, recurrent depressive disorder and seasonal affective disorder) are accompanied by circadian deregulations, which can occur during acute mood episodes as well as during euthymic periods, and are particularly common among bipolar patients in remission. This suggests that altered circadian rhythms may be biological markers of these disorders. Rhythm dysfunctions have been observed in mood disorder patients by using actigraphic measures and by assessing social metric rhythms, diurnal preferences and melatonin secretion. Since many of these markers are heritable and therefore driven by clock genes, these genes may represent susceptibility factors for mood spectrum disorders. Indeed, several genetic association studies have suggested that certain circadian gene variants play a role in susceptibility to these disorders. Such connections to circadian genes such as CLOCK, ARNTL1, NPAS2, PER3 and NR1D1 have been repeatedly demonstrated for bipolar disorders, and to a lesser extent for recurrent depressive disorders and seasonal affective disorders. The study of circadian phenotypes and circadian genes in mood spectrum disorders represents a major field of research that may yet reveal the pathophysiological determinants of these disorders.
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Prat G, Adan A. Influence of Circadian Typology on Drug Consumption, Hazardous Alcohol use, and Hangover Symptoms. Chronobiol Int 2011; 28:248-57. [DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2011.553018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Borisenkov MF. Latitude of Residence and Position in Time Zone are Predictors of Cancer Incidence, Cancer Mortality, and Life Expectancy at Birth. Chronobiol Int 2011; 28:155-62. [PMID: 21231877 DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2010.541312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail F Borisenkov
- Institute of Physiology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Science, Syktyvkar, Russia.
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46
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Randler C. Association between morningness–eveningness and mental and physical health in adolescents. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2011; 16:29-38. [DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2010.521564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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47
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Beşoluk Ş. Morningness–eveningness preferences and university entrance examination scores of high school students. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2010.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Adan A, Natale V, Caci H, Prat G. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CIRCADIAN TYPOLOGY AND FUNCTIONAL AND DYSFUNCTIONAL IMPULSIVITY. Chronobiol Int 2010; 27:606-19. [DOI: 10.3109/07420521003663827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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50
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Serretti A, Gaspar-Barba E, Calati R, Cruz-Fuentes CS, Gomez-Sanchez A, Perez-Molina A, De Ronchi D. 3111T/C CLOCKGENE POLYMORPHISM IS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH SLEEP DISTURBANCES IN UNTREATED DEPRESSED PATIENTS. Chronobiol Int 2010; 27:265-77. [DOI: 10.3109/07420521003663785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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