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Zheng Y, Wang Z, Gao B, Zhou L, Li Q. Dysfunction of visual novelty detection in physical but not social anhedonia in a non-clinical sample. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2023; 23:100407. [PMID: 37705683 PMCID: PMC10495605 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2023.100407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/objective Despite its obvious motivational impairment, anhedonia as a transdiagnostic psychopathological construct is accompanied by deficits in attention function. Previous studies have identified voluntary attention anomalies in anhedonia, but its involuntary attention has received less study. Method Using a visual novelty oddball task, the current event-related potential study assessed electrophysical correlates underlying mismatch detection in anhedonia with a non-clinical sample. Well-matched healthy control (N = 28; CNT), social anhedonia (N = 27; SA), and physical anhedonia (N = 26; PA) groups were presented standard, target, and perceptually novel stimuli while their EEG was recording. Results The PA group relative to the CNT group exhibited a reduced N2 to novel stimuli but not to target stimuli. In contrast, the SA group as compared to the other two groups showed comparable N2 responses to both target and novel stimuli. Control analyses indicated that these patterns were unaffected by depression symptoms. Conclusions These findings suggest that anhedonia is a heterogenous construct associated with impairments in early detection of visual novelty in physical but not social anhedonia, highlighting that dysfunction in involuntary attention may play a mediating role in the development, maintenance, and consequences of anhedonia-related psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Zheng
- Department of Psychology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qi Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
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Abramovitch A, Short T, Schweiger A. The C Factor: Cognitive dysfunction as a transdiagnostic dimension in psychopathology. Clin Psychol Rev 2021; 86:102007. [PMID: 33864968 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Research into cognitive functions across psychological disorders suggests that cognitive deficiencies may be present across multiple disorders, potentially pointing to a transdiagnostic phenomenon. More recently, a single dimension model of psychopathology, the p factor, has been proposed, in which cognitive deficits are thought to be an intrinsic construct, assumed to be transdiagnostic. However, no systematic investigation to date tested this hypothesis. The aim of the present study was to systematically review meta-analyses to assess the hypothesis that the C factor (cognitive dysfunction) is transdiagnostic in psychopathology and review potential moderators that may account for such a phenomenon. We conducted a systematic review of meta-analyses examining cognitive function across all disorders for which data were available. Included meta-analyses (n = 82), comprising 97 clinical samples, yielded 1,055 effect sizes. Twelve major disorders/categories (e.g., bipolar disorder, substance use disorders) were included, comprising 29 distinct clinical entities (e.g., euthymic bipolar disorder; alcohol use disorder). Results show that all disorders reviewed are associated with underperformance across cognitive domains, supporting the hypothesis that the C factor (or cognitive dysfunction) is a transdiagnostic factor related to p. To examine moderators that may explain or contribute to c, we first consider important interpretative limitations of neuropsychological data in psychopathology. More crucially, we review oft-neglected motivational and emotional transdiagnostic constructs of p, as prominent contributing constructs to the C factor. These constructs are offered as a roadmap for future research examining these constructs related to p, that contribute, and may account for cognitive dysfunctions in psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tatiana Short
- Department of Psychology, Texas State University, USA
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Parvaz MA, Gabbay V, Malaker P, Goldstein RZ. Objective and specific tracking of anhedonia via event-related potentials in individuals with cocaine use disorders. Drug Alcohol Depend 2016; 164:158-165. [PMID: 27226335 PMCID: PMC4893885 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyposensitivity to non-drug reward, behaviorally manifested as anhedonia, is a hallmark of chronic substance use. Anhedonia is a transdiagnostic symptom underpinned by neurobiochemical disturbances in the reward circuit, yet an objective measure to assess anhedonia severity still eludes the field. We hypothesized that the Reward Positivity (RewP) component of the event-related potentials (ERPs) will specifically track anhedonia as the RewP is attributed to the same brain regions that are also implicated in anhedonia. METHODS Forty-six individuals with cocaine use disorders (iCUD) performed a gambling task predicting whether they would win or lose money on each trial, while ERP data was acquired. RewP in response to predicted win trials was extracted from the ERPs using the principal component analysis. State anhedonia and depression severity were assessed using the Cocaine Selective Severity Assessment (CSSA). RESULTS Although RewP amplitude correlated with both anhedonia and depression, only the RewP-anhedonia correlation survived a correction for depression severity. Further, a hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that anhedonia explained a significant amount of variance in the RewP amplitude, and this variance was significantly greater than that explained by demographics, severity and recency of drug use and even depression. CONCLUSIONS These results show that RewP amplitude in response to rewarded trials tracks state anhedonia severity in iCUD. We argue that this association is perhaps driven by the activity in the dopaminergic mesocorticolimbic reward pathway that may underlie anhedonia symptomology as well as modulate RewP amplitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad A. Parvaz
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA,Correspondence may be addressed to: Muhammad A Parvaz, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1230, New York, NY 10029-6574; Tel: 212-241-3638; Fax: 212-803-6743;
| | - Vilma Gabbay
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA,Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research Orangeburg, NY 10962 USA
| | - Pias Malaker
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Rita Z. Goldstein
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA,Correspondence may also be addressed to Rita Z. Goldstein, 1470 Madison Ave., New York, NY 10029-6574; Tel: 212-824-9312;
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Zhang W, Ding Q, Chen N, Wei Q, Zhao C, Zhang P, Li X, Liu Q, Li H. The development of automatic emotion regulation in an implicit emotional Go/NoGo paradigm and the association with depressive symptoms and anhedonia during adolescence. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2016; 11:116-123. [PMID: 26937379 PMCID: PMC4753808 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2016.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Impaired automatic emotion regulation (AER) is closely related to major depressive disorder. Our research in adults has identified two AER-related components, Go N2 and NoGo P3, in an implicit emotional Go/NoGo paradigm. However, it is unclear whether Go N2 and NoGo P3 reflect the development of AER in adolescents and the relationship of these components with subclinical depressive symptoms and trait anhedonia. We collected EEG data from 55 adolescents while they completed the implicit emotional Go/NoGo task. After the experiment, the subjects completed the Chinese version of the Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory. Consistent with results in adults, we determined that Go N2 represents automatic top-down attention to emotions in Go trials, whereas NoGo P3 represents automatic response inhibition in NoGo trials. These AER components exhibited age-dependent improvement during adolescence. Additionally, NoGo P3 amplitudes elicited by viewing positive faces were positively correlated with trait anhedonia, whereas NoGo P3 amplitudes elicited by viewing negative faces were negatively correlated with depressive symptoms. Our observations provide further understanding of the neurodevelopmental mechanism of AER and yield new insight into dissociable impairments in AER in adolescents with major depressive disorder during positive and negative implicit processing. We studied the development of automatic emotion regulation in adolescents. Go N2 reflects automatic top-down attention to emotions in Go trials. NoGo P3 reflects automatic response inhibition in NoGo trials. NoGo P3 amplitudes of positive faces correlate positively with anhedonia. NoGo P3 amplitudes of negative faces correlate negatively with depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhai Zhang
- Mental Health Center, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng City 224051, China; Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian City 116029, China; College of Education Science, Chengdu University, Chengdu City 610106, China
| | - Qiang Ding
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai City 200234, China
| | - Ning Chen
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai City 200234, China
| | - Qing Wei
- College of Education Science, Chengdu University, Chengdu City 610106, China
| | - Cancan Zhao
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian City 116029, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian City 116029, China
| | - Xiying Li
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an City 710119, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian City 116029, China
| | - Hong Li
- Psychology & Social College, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen City 518060, China.
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A Possible Role of Anhedonia as Common Substrate for Depression and Anxiety. DEPRESSION RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2016; 2016:1598130. [PMID: 27042346 PMCID: PMC4793100 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1598130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Depression and anxiety are often comorbid, in up to 70% of cases, and the level of one or the other may fluctuate, leading now to a diagnosis of depression, now to a diagnosis of anxiety. For these reasons, and for the presence of many other common factors, it has been suggested that both are part of the same continuum of problems and that they have a common substrate. This paper proposes the possibility that anhedonia may be an important component of this possible common substrate, and it tries to identify the mechanism with which anhedonia could contribute to causing both depression and anxiety. It also proposes an explanation why an intense pleasure could improve both depression and anxiety.
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Roux P, Vistoli D, Christophe A, Passerieux C, Brunet-Gouet E. ERP Evidence of a Stroop-Like Effect in Emotional Speech Related to Social Anhedonia. J PSYCHOPHYSIOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the ERP correlates of the integration of emotional prosody to the emotional meaning of a spoken word. Thirty-four nonclinical participants listened to negative and positive words that were spoken with an angry or happy prosody and classified the emotional valence of the word meaning while ignoring emotional prosody. Social anhedonia was also self-rated by the subjects. Compared to congruent trials, incongruent ones elicited slower and less accurate behavioral responses, and a smaller P300 component at the brain response level. The present data suggest that vocal emotional information is salient enough to be integrated early in verbal processing. The P300 amplitude modulation by the prosody-meaning congruency positively correlated with the social anhedonia score, suggesting that the sensitivity of the electrical brain response to emotional prosody increased with social anhedonia. Interpretations of this result in terms of emotional processing in social anhedonia are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Roux
- Laboratoire ECIPSY – EA4047, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin, Versailles, France
- Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie D’adultes, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Chesnay, France
- Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Psycholinguistique, UMR 8554, CNRS-ENS-EHESS, Institut d’Etude de la Cognition, Paris, France
| | - Damien Vistoli
- Laboratoire ECIPSY – EA4047, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin, Versailles, France
| | - Anne Christophe
- Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Psycholinguistique, UMR 8554, CNRS-ENS-EHESS, Institut d’Etude de la Cognition, Paris, France
| | - Christine Passerieux
- Laboratoire ECIPSY – EA4047, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin, Versailles, France
- Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie D’adultes, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Chesnay, France
| | - Eric Brunet-Gouet
- Laboratoire ECIPSY – EA4047, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin, Versailles, France
- Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie D’adultes, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Chesnay, France
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Di Giannantonio M, Martinotti G. Anhedonia and major depression: the role of agomelatine. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2012; 22 Suppl 3:S505-10. [PMID: 22959116 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2012.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Anhedonia is a condition in which the capacity to experience pleasure is totally or partially lost. Although anhedonia is a feature of major depressive disorder according to DSM IV criteria for major depression diagnosis, so far it has received relatively little attention. The scale that is most commonly used in the measurement of anhedonia is the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS), a brief 14-item self-report questionnaire designed to measure hedonic tone and its absence. Two studies have described the efficacy of agomelatine in the treatment of anhedonia: an open-label study and a comparative trial versus the antidepressant venlafaxine XR. In both studies agomelatine significantly reduced anhedonia, as indicated using the SHAPS. This reduction was observed after the first week of treatment (P<0.05) and at different times until the end of the trial. Moreover, in the comparative trial, a significant difference between groups was observed in favor of agomelatine, after 1 (P<0.05), 2 (P<0.01), and 8 weeks (P<0.01). The possible effect of agomelatine on anhedonia may represent a novel area of interest among antidepressant agents and deserves further investigation, with larger samples and double-blind placebo-controlled designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Di Giannantonio
- Department of Neuroscience and imaging c/o Mental Health Department, Viale Amendola, 47, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
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Martinotti G, Hatzigiakoumis DS, Vita OD, Clerici M, Petruccelli F, Giannantonio MD, Janiri L. Anhedonia and Reward System: Psychobiology, Evaluation, and Clinical Features. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/ijcm.2012.37125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Grillo L. Might the inability to feel pleasure (anhedonia) explain the symptoms of major depression and schizophrenia, including unmotivated anxiety, delusions and hallucinations? Med Hypotheses 2011; 78:98-101. [PMID: 22036091 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2011.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Revised: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Inability to enjoy normally pleasurable experiences (anhedonia) is a symptom common both to major depression and schizophrenia. It also regularly accompanies and follows stress, and its presence in the two mental illnesses could depend on the fact that both are facilitated and often preceded by stressful events. Anhedonia might possibly accompany stress because the loss of the pleasure of aiming for a goal and achieving it (including defending oneself and escaping from a danger) could lead to immobility, and immobility (playing dead) offers the extreme chance of safety when an animal is facing the worst possible stressful situation--being seized by a predator--as in this case any movement can further stimulate the predator's aggressiveness. Perceiving and connecting sensory information also gives pleasure, and this appears to enhance the clarity of sensations and is an important factor in learning. We propose that anhedonia, by reducing or eliminating the pleasure, might jeopardize the usual appearance of the environment, which must not only be clearly perceived but also continuously interpreted (for instance a foreshortening, or something far off seen as small, must not be seen as a real deformation; the same holds for words, where the meaning has to be grasped from the single letters, and so on). Consequently, anhedonia could in some cases make the environment's image strange, distorted and frightening, and this could cause anxiety, confusion, and give problems in contacts with people and things. As correct information about images and sounds can inhibit visual and auditory hallucinations (considering them, like delusions, as attempts to reconstruct and make sense again of a world that is becoming confused and alien), we propose that anhedonia, interfering with the correct perceiving and processing of sensations, may facilitate them.
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Pollatos O, Gramann K. Electrophysiological evidence of early processing deficits in alexithymia. Biol Psychol 2011; 87:113-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2011.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2010] [Revised: 02/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Brain and personality bases of insensitivity to infant cues in neglectful mothers: An event-related potential study. Dev Psychopathol 2011; 23:163-76. [DOI: 10.1017/s0954579410000714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis investigation examined the neural and personality correlates of processing infant facial expressions in mothers with substantiated neglect of a child under 5 years old. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded from 14 neglectful and 14 control mothers as they viewed and categorized pictures of infant cries, laughs, and neutral faces. Maternal self-reports of anhedonia and empathy were also completed. Early (negative occipitotemporal component peaking at around 170 ms on the scalp [N170] and positive electrical potential peaking at about 200 ms [P200]) and late positive potential (LPP) components were selected. Both groups of mothers showed behavioral discrimination between the different facial expressions via reaction time and accuracy measures. Neglectful mothers did not exhibit increased N170 amplitude at temporal leads in response to viewing crying versus laughing and neutral expressions compared to control mothers. Both groups had greater P200 and LPP amplitudes at centroparietal leads in response to viewing crying versus neutral facial expressions. However, neglectful mothers displayed an overall attenuated brain response in LPP that was related to their higher scores in social anhedonia but not to their empathy scores. The ERP data suggest that the brain's failures in the early differentiation of cry stimuli and in the sustained processing of infant expressions related to social anhedonia may underlie the insensitive responding in neglectful mothers. The implications of these results for the design and evaluation of preventive interventions are discussed.
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Hatzigiakoumis DS, Martinotti G, Giannantonio MD, Janiri L. Anhedonia and substance dependence: clinical correlates and treatment options. Front Psychiatry 2011; 2:10. [PMID: 21556280 PMCID: PMC3089992 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2011.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2010] [Accepted: 02/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Anhedonia is a condition in which the capacity of experiencing pleasure is totally or partially lost, and it refers to both a state symptom in various psychiatric disorders and a personality trait. It has a putative neural substrate, originating in the dopaminergic mesolimbic and mesocortical reward circuit. Anhedonia frequently occurs in mood disorders, as a negative symptom in schizophrenia, and in substance use disorders. In particular, we focus our attention on the relationships occurring between anhedonia and substance use disorders, as highlighted by many studies. Several authors suggested that anhedonia is an important factor involved in relapse as well as in the transition from recreational use to excessive drug intake. In particular, anhedonia has been found to be a frequent feature in alcoholics and addicted patients during acute and chronic withdrawal as well as in cocaine, stimulant, and cannabis abusers. Furthermore, in subjects with a substance dependence disorder, there is a significant correlation between anhedonia, craving, intensity of withdrawal symptoms, and psychosocial and personality characteristics. Therefore treating anhedonia in detoxified alcohol-dependent subjects could be critical in terms of relapse prevention strategies, given its strong relationship with craving.
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Van den Berg I, Franken IHA, Muris P. A new scale for measuring reward responsiveness. Front Psychol 2010; 1:239. [PMID: 21922010 PMCID: PMC3153843 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2010.00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Several psychological theories assume that there are two basic brain mechanisms that guide behavior: an avoidance or inhibition system, which is responsive to signals of punishment, and an approach or activation system, which is sensitive to signals of reward. Several self-report scales have been developed to assess the sensitivity to punishment and reward, and these instruments have been shown to be useful in research on personality, psychopathology, and underlying biological substrates. However, it is also true that in particular scales for measuring reward responsiveness (RR) suffer from various inadequacies. Therefore, a new RR scale was developed and subjected to an extensive psychometric evaluation. The results show that this scale measures a single factor, RR that is clearly independent of punishment sensitivity. Further, the data indicated that the internal consistency, convergent validity, discriminant validity, test–retest reliability, and predictive properties of the new scale were all adequate. It can be concluded that the RR scale is a psychometrically sound instrument that may be useful for researchers with interest in the personality construct of RR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Van den Berg
- Institute of Psychology, Erasmus University Rotterdam Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Horrell T, El-Baz A, Baruth J, Tasman A, Sokhadze G, Stewart C, Sokhadze E. Neurofeedback Effects on Evoked and Induced EEG Gamma Band Reactivity to Drug-related Cues in Cocaine Addiction. JOURNAL OF NEUROTHERAPY 2010; 14:195-216. [PMID: 20976131 PMCID: PMC2957125 DOI: 10.1080/10874208.2010.501498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Preoccupation with drug and drug-related items is a typical characteristic of cocaine addicted individuals. It has been shown in multiple accounts that prolonged drug use has a profound effect on the EEG recordings of drug addicts when compared to controls during cue reactivity tests. Cue reactivity refers to a phenomenon in which individuals with a history of drug abuse exhibit excessive psychophysiological responses to cues associated with their drug of choice. One of the aims of this pilot study was to determine the presence of an attentional bias to preferentially process drug-related cues using evoked and induced gamma reactivity measures in cocaine addicts before and after biobehavioral treatment based on neurofeedback. Another aim was to show that central SMR amplitude increase and frontal theta control is possible in an experimental outpatient drug users group over 12 neurofeedback sessions. METHOD: Ten current cocaine abusers participated in this pilot research study using neurofeedback combined with Motivational Interviewing sessions. Eight of them completed all planned pre- and post -neurofeedback cue reactivity tests with event-related EEG recording and clinical evaluations. Cue reactivity test represented a visual oddball task with images from the International Affective Picture System and drug-related pictures. Evoked and induced gamma responses to target and non-target drug cues were analyzed using wavelet analysis. RESULTS: Outpatient subjects with cocaine addiction completed the biobehavioral intervention and successfully increased SMR while keeping theta practically unchanged in 12 sessions of neurofeedback training. The addition of Motivational Interviewing helped retain patients in the study. Clinical evaluations immediately after completion of the treatment showed decreased self-reports on depression and stress scores, and urine tests collaborated reports of decreased use of cocaine and marijuana. Effects of neurofeedback resulted in a lower EEG gamma reactivity to drug-related images in a post-neurofeedback cue reactivity test. In particular, evoked gamma showed decreases in power to non-target and to a lesser extent target drug-related cues at all topographies (left, right, frontal, parietal, medial, inferior); while induced gamma power decreased globally to both target and non-target drug cues. Our findings supported our hypothesis that gamma band cue reactivity measures are sufficiently sensitive functional outcomes of neurofeedback treatment. Both evoked and induced gamma measures were found capable to detect changes in responsiveness to both target and non-target drug cues. CONCLUSION: Our study emphasizes the utility of cognitive neuroscience methods based on EEG gamma band measures for the assessment of the functional outcomes of neurofeedback-based biobehavioral interventions for cocaine use disorders. This approach may have significant potential for identifying both physiological and clinical markers of treatment progress. The results confirmed our prediction that EEG changes achieved with neurofeedback training will be accompanied by positive EEG outcomes in a cue reactivity and clinical improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Horrell
- Department of Bioengineering, Speed School of Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Ayman El-Baz
- Department of Bioengineering, Speed School of Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Joshua Baruth
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Allan Tasman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Guela Sokhadze
- Department of Bioengineering, Speed School of Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Christopher Stewart
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Estate Sokhadze
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
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lv J, Zhao L, Gong J, Chen C, Miao D. Event-related potential based evidence of cognitive dysfunction in patients during the first episode of depression using a novelty oddball task. Psychiatry Res 2010; 182:58-66. [PMID: 20223641 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2010.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2008] [Revised: 08/25/2009] [Accepted: 08/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Studies using event-related potentials (ERP) to investigate cognitive dysfunction associated with depression have generated variable findings. The differences among reported results are typically attributed to the disparity of the samples. To eliminate the effects of factors such as medication and comorbidity with other psychiatric disorders, first-episode unmedicated patients suffering from depression were recruited in this study. Both depressed patients and matched controls performed an auditory novelty oddball task and ERPs were recorded. The depression group exhibited an increased P2 to standard tones. For the target tones, depressed subjects showed reduced N2 at anterior regions and reduced target P3 in the right hemisphere. In response to novel stimuli, there was a reduced amplitude of the novelty P3 component at the fronto-central region in depressed patients. Our findings suggest that patients with depression in the initial stages show an impaired ability in voluntary and involuntary attention and exhibit frontal lobe and right-hemisphere dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing lv
- Department of Psychology, General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
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Applegate E, El-Deredy W, Bentall RP. Reward responsiveness in psychosis-prone groups: Hypomania and negative schizotypy. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2009.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Franken IHA, Rassin E, Muris P. The assessment of anhedonia in clinical and non-clinical populations: further validation of the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS). J Affect Disord 2007; 99:83-9. [PMID: 16996138 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2006.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2006] [Revised: 08/15/2006] [Accepted: 08/18/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anhedonia, the inability to experience pleasure, is a major endophenotype of depression. In addition to this, it is an important clinical feature of schizophrenia and substance abuse disorders. Valid instruments to measure anhedonia are sparse. METHODS In the present study, a short, 14-item instrument, the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS) to measure anhedonia in normal and clinical samples was further validated. Various aspects of the reliability and validity of the SHAPS that have not been addressed before, were examined in three separate studies. First, we assessed the internal consistency, convergent and discriminative validity of the SHAPS in a non-clinical sample. Second, the test-retest reliability of the SHAPS was investigated in another sample. In the third study, the internal consistency, convergent and discriminative validity of the SHAPS was tested by administering the scale in three clinical samples of psychiatric inpatients. RESULTS The SHAPS was found to be highly reliable in terms of internal consistency and test-retest stability. Further, the SHAPS correlated in a theoretically meaningful way with other measures of affect and personality. Patients with a depression, psychosis or substance dependence scored significantly higher on the SHAPS than non-patient controls. Patients with a depression displayed the highest SHAPS-score. LIMITATIONS The absence of structured assessment data to validate the clinical diagnoses. CONCLUSIONS The current study shows that the SHAPS is a reliable and valid questionnaire to assess hedonic tone in patient and non-patient populations. Because it is a brief scale it seems to be a very useful instrument for measuring anhedonia in clinical and research settings.
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