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Zhao X, Yao J, Lv Y, Zhang X, Han C, Chen L, Ren F, Zhou Q, Jin Z, Li Y, Du Y, Sui Y. Facial emotion perception abilities are related to grey matter volume in the culmen of cerebellum anterior lobe in drug-naïve patients with first-episode schizophrenia. Brain Imaging Behav 2022; 16:2072-2085. [PMID: 35751735 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-022-00677-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Impaired capability for understanding and interpreting the expressions on other people's faces manifests itself as a core feature of schizophrenia, contributing to social dysfunction. With the purpose of better understanding of the neurobiological basis of facial emotion perception deficits in schizophrenia, we investigated facial emotion perception abilities and regional structural brain abnormalities in drug-naïve patients with first-episode schizophrenia, and then examined the correlation between them. Fifty-two drug-naive patients with first-episode schizophrenia and 29 group-matched healthy controls were examined for facial emotion perception abilities assessed with the Facial Emotion Categorization and performed magnetic resonance imaging. The Facial Emotion Categorization data were inserted into a logistic function model so as to calculate shift point and slope as outcome measurements. Voxel-based morphometry was applied to investigate regional grey matter volume (GMV) alterations. The relationship between facial emotion perception and GMV was explored in patients using voxel-wise correlation analysis within brain regions that showed a significant GMV alterations in patients compared with controls. The schizophrenic patients performed differently on Facial Emotion Categorization tasks from the controls and presented a higher shift point and a steeper slope. Relative to the controls, patients showed GMV reductions in the superior temporal gyrus, middle occipital gyrus, parahippocampa gyrus, posterior cingulate, the culmen of cerebellum anterior lobe, cerebellar tonsil, and the declive of cerebellum posterior lobe. Importantly, abnormal performance on Facial Emotion Categorization was found correlated with GMV alterations in the culmen of cerebellum anterior lobe in schizophrenia. This study suggests that reduced GMV in the culmen of cerebellum anterior lobe occurs in first-episode schizophrenia, constituting a potential neuropathological basis for the impaired facial emotion perception in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxin Zhao
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | | | - Yiding Lv
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | | | - Chongyang Han
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Lijun Chen
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Fangfang Ren
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Qun Zhou
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Zhuma Jin
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yasong Du
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Yuxiu Sui
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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Lin Y, Ding H, Zhang Y. Unisensory and Multisensory Stroop Effects Modulate Gender Differences in Verbal and Nonverbal Emotion Perception. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2021; 64:4439-4457. [PMID: 34469179 DOI: 10.1044/2021_jslhr-20-00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to examine the Stroop effects of verbal and nonverbal cues and their relative impacts on gender differences in unisensory and multisensory emotion perception. Method Experiment 1 investigated how well 88 normal Chinese adults (43 women and 45 men) could identify emotions conveyed through face, prosody and semantics as three independent channels. Experiments 2 and 3 further explored gender differences during multisensory integration of emotion through a cross-channel (prosody-semantics) and a cross-modal (face-prosody-semantics) Stroop task, respectively, in which 78 participants (41 women and 37 men) were asked to selectively attend to one of the two or three communication channels. Results The integration of accuracy and reaction time data indicated that paralinguistic cues (i.e., face and prosody) of emotions were consistently more salient than linguistic ones (i.e., semantics) throughout the study. Additionally, women demonstrated advantages in processing all three types of emotional signals in the unisensory task, but only preserved their strengths in paralinguistic processing and showed greater Stroop effects of nonverbal cues on verbal ones during multisensory perception. Conclusions These findings demonstrate clear gender differences in verbal and nonverbal emotion perception that are modulated by sensory channels, which have important theoretical and practical implications. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.16435599.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lin
- Speech-Language-Hearing Center, School of Foreign Languages, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Hongwei Ding
- Speech-Language-Hearing Center, School of Foreign Languages, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences & Center for Neurobehavioral Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
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Caruana N, Stein T, Watson T, Williams N, Seymour K. Intact prioritisation of unconscious face processing in schizophrenia. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 2019; 24:135-151. [PMID: 30848987 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2019.1590189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Faces provide a rich source of social information, crucial for the successful navigation of daily social interactions. People with schizophrenia suffer a wide range of social-cognitive deficits, including abnormalities in face perception. However, to date, studies of face perception in schizophrenia have primarily employed tasks that require patients to make judgements about the faces. It is, thus, unclear whether the reported deficits reflect an impairment in encoding visual face information, or biased social-cognitive evaluative processes. METHODS We assess the integrity of early unconscious face processing in 21 out-patients diagnosed with Schizophrenia or Schizoaffective Disorder (15M/6F) and 21 healthy controls (14M/7F). In order to control for any direct influence of higher order cognitive processes, we use a behavioural paradigm known as breaking continuous flash suppression (b-CFS), where participants simply respond to the presence and location of a face. In healthy adults, this method has previously been used to show that upright faces gain rapid and privileged access to conscious awareness over inverted faces and other inanimate objects. RESULTS Here, we report similar effects in patients, suggesting that the early unconscious stages of face processing are intact in schizophrenia. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that face processing deficits reported in the literature must manifest at a conscious stage of processing, where the influence of mentalizing or attribution biases might play a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Caruana
- a ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and Its Disorders , Sydney , Australia.,b Department of Cognitive Science , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia
| | - Timo Stein
- c Department of Psychology , University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Tamara Watson
- d School of Social Sciences and Psychology , Western Sydney University , Sydney , Australia
| | - Nikolas Williams
- a ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and Its Disorders , Sydney , Australia.,b Department of Cognitive Science , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia
| | - Kiley Seymour
- a ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and Its Disorders , Sydney , Australia.,d School of Social Sciences and Psychology , Western Sydney University , Sydney , Australia
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Kochs A, Köhler S, Merz H, Sterzer P. Effects of self and familiarity on change detection in patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2017; 248:140-146. [PMID: 28064092 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In schizophrenia, processing of self-related stimuli has been shown to be altered. It is unclear whether altered self-processing in schizophrenia is confined to cognitive functions such as self-recognition, or whether it pertains to automatic lower-level perceptual processes. Visual face processing was tested in patients with schizophrenia (n=36) and healthy controls (n=33). Using a change detection paradigm (self, famous, unknown faces), we tested whether self-related stimuli gain access to awareness preferentially. The task was unrelated to face category, thus probing implicit processing of the face identity information. Furthermore we explored hemifield differences, the association of preferential self-processing with disease insight and with schizophrenic symptom severity. Change detection was overall enhanced for one's own face and familiar faces compared to unknown faces. There were no group differences regarding perception of self-related or familiar stimuli. The enhancing effect of self and familiarity on change detection was smaller in patients with more severe symptoms. We found no association between implicit visual self-perception and insight in schizophrenia. The privileged access of self-related visual information is not impaired in patients with schizophrenia. The reduced overall left-hemifield advantage for face-change detection points to an altered lateralization of face processing in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kochs
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Köhler
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Merz
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Sterzer
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117, Berlin, Germany.
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Ekstrom T, Maher S, Chen Y. Psychophysical study of face identity discrimination in schizophrenia: association with facial morphology. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 2016; 21:525-538. [PMID: 27736366 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2016.1240073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Identifying individual identities from faces is crucial for social functioning. In schizophrenia, previous studies showed mixed results as to whether face identity discrimination is compromised. How a social category factor (such as gender and race) affects schizophrenia patients' facial identity discrimination is unclear. METHODS Using psychophysics, we examined perceptual performance on within- and between- category face identity discrimination tasks in patients (n = 51) and controls (n = 31). Face images from each of six pairs of individuals (two White females, two White males, two Black males, two Asian females, one Black male and one White male, and one White female and one White male) were morphed to create additional images along a continuum of dissimilarity in facial morphology. RESULTS Patients underperformed for five out of the six face pairs (the Black/White male pair was the exception). Perceptual performance was correlated with morphological changes in face images being discriminated, to a greater extent in patients than in controls. CONCLUSIONS Face identity discrimination in schizophrenia was most impaired for those faces that presumably have extensive social exposures (such as White males). Patients' perceptual performance appears to depend more on physical feature changes of faces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tor Ekstrom
- a Visual Psychophysiology Laboratory , McLean Hospital , Belmont , MA , USA
| | - Stephen Maher
- a Visual Psychophysiology Laboratory , McLean Hospital , Belmont , MA , USA.,b Department of Psychiatry , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Yue Chen
- a Visual Psychophysiology Laboratory , McLean Hospital , Belmont , MA , USA.,b Department of Psychiatry , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
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Bortolon C, Capdevielle D, Raffard S. Face recognition in schizophrenia disorder: A comprehensive review of behavioral, neuroimaging and neurophysiological studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 53:79-107. [PMID: 25800172 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Facial emotion processing has been extensively studied in schizophrenia patients while general face processing has received less attention. The already published reviews do not address the current scientific literature in a complete manner. Therefore, here we tried to answer some questions that remain to be clarified, particularly: are the non-emotional aspects of facial processing in fact impaired in schizophrenia patients? At the behavioral level, our key conclusions are that visual perception deficit in schizophrenia patients: are not specific to faces; are most often present when the cognitive (e.g. attention) and perceptual demands of the tasks are important; and seems to worsen with the illness chronification. Although, currently evidence suggests impaired second order configural processing, more studies are necessary to determine whether or not holistic processing is impaired in schizophrenia patients. Neural and neurophysiological evidence suggests impaired earlier levels of visual processing, which might involve the deficits in interaction of the magnocellular and parvocellular pathways impacting on further processing. These deficits seem to be present even before the disorder out-set. Although evidence suggests that this deficit may be not specific to faces, further evidence on this question is necessary, in particularly more ecological studies including context and body processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Bortolon
- Epsylon Laboratory, EA 4556 Montpellier, France; University Department of Adult Psychiatry, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| | - Delphine Capdevielle
- University Department of Adult Psychiatry, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France; French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), U1061 Pathologies of the Nervous System: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, La Colombiere Hospital, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Stéphane Raffard
- Epsylon Laboratory, EA 4556 Montpellier, France; University Department of Adult Psychiatry, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Neuropsychological impairment: the disturbed effect of self-processing in patients with major depressive disorder. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-014-0198-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Yun JY, Hur JW, Jung WH, Jang JH, Youn T, Kang DH, Park S, Kwon JS. Dysfunctional role of parietal lobe during self-face recognition in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2014; 152:81-8. [PMID: 23916187 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2013.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 06/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anomalous sense of self is central to schizophrenia yet difficult to demonstrate empirically. The present study examined the effective neural network connectivity underlying self-face recognition in patients with schizophrenia (SZ) using [15O]H2O Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Structural Equation Modeling. METHODS Eight SZ and eight age-matched healthy controls (CO) underwent six consecutive [15O]H2O PET scans during self-face (SF) and famous face (FF) recognition blocks, each of which was repeated three times. RESULTS There were no behavioral performance differences between the SF and FF blocks in SZ. Moreover, voxel-based analyses of data from SZ revealed no significant differences in the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) levels between the SF and FF recognition conditions. Further effective connectivity analyses for SZ also showed a similar pattern of effective connectivity network across the SF and FF recognition. On the other hand, comparison of SF recognition effective connectivity network between SZ and CO demonstrated significantly attenuated effective connectivity strength not only between the right supramarginal gyrus and left inferior temporal gyrus, but also between the cuneus and right medial prefrontal cortex in SZ. CONCLUSION These findings support a conceptual model that posits a causal relationship between disrupted self-other discrimination and attenuated effective connectivity among the right supramarginal gyrus, cuneus, and prefronto-temporal brain areas involved in the SF recognition network of SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Je-Yeon Yun
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, SNU-MRC, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Hur
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, SNU-MRC, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, World Class University Program, Seoul National University, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wi Hoon Jung
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, SNU-MRC, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Hwan Jang
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tak Youn
- Department of Psychiatry, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Gyeonggi Province, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hyung Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohee Park
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jun Soo Kwon
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, SNU-MRC, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, World Class University Program, Seoul National University, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Differentiating electrophysiological response to decrease and increase negative emotion regulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-013-5746-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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