1
|
Bilaç Ö, Kardelen Akyol C, Tahıllıoğlu A, Sapmaz ŞY, Kandemir H, Ercan ES. Is There a Significant Deterioration in Blood Lipid Levels of Children and Adolescents Diagnosed with Conduct Disorder? NEUROCHEM J+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712422040031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
2
|
Nagy NE, El-Serafi DM, Elrassas HH, Abdeen MS, Mohamed DA. Impulsivity, hostility and suicidality in patients diagnosed with obsessive compulsive disorder. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2020; 24:284-292. [PMID: 32628055 DOI: 10.1080/13651501.2020.1773503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background: There are limited data on suicidal behaviour in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). This study aimed to evaluate several aspects affecting suicidality in OCD patients and determine whether impulsivity or hostility are associated with suicide attempts in this vulnerable group.Methods: Eighty-one patients with OCD were assessed by structured clinical interview for DSM-IV (SCID I), Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), Suicide Probability Scale (SPS), Barratt impulsivity scale-11 (BIS) and Scale for suicide ideation (SSI).Results: Of the 81 patients, 22 (27%) had suicide ideation, 29 (33%) attempted suicides with OCD and 30 (37%) OCD patients who never experienced suicide ideation nor attempted suicide. Suicide ideation was associated with high hopelessness, higher severity of OCD and the presence of aggressive obsessions. On the other hand, suicide attempts were associated with longer duration of untreated illness, cognitive impulsivity, higher severity of OCD symptoms and the presence of religious obsessions.Conclusion: Higher severity of OCD symptoms is associated with both suicide ideation and attempts. And while hopelessness was related to suicidal thoughts, cognitive impulsivity may have acted as a facilitating factor for suicide attempts. Higher frequency of symptoms like religious/ aggressive obsessions was also associated with suicidality. It is vital that patients with OCD undergo detailed assessment for suicide risk.Key pointsOCD is associated with a high risk for suicidal behaviour.Suicide ideation was associated with high levels of hopelessness, OCD severity, and the presence of aggressive obsessions.Suicide attempts were associated with longer duration of untreated illness, cognitive impulsivity, severity of OCD, and the presence of religious obsessions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nahla Elsaid Nagy
- Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Hanan Hany Elrassas
- Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hjell G, Mørch-Johnsen L, Holst R, Tesli N, Bell C, Lunding SH, Rødevand L, Werner MCF, Melle I, Andreassen OA, Lagerberg TV, Steen NE, Haukvik UK. Disentangling the relationship between cholesterol, aggression, and impulsivity in severe mental disorders. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01751. [PMID: 32681586 PMCID: PMC7507477 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Low total cholesterol has been linked with adverse mental symptoms such as aggression and impulsivity in severe mental disorders (SMDs). This putative association may affect the clinician's decision making about cholesterol lowering in this patient group. Here, we investigated the associations between cholesterol levels, aggression, and impulsivity in a large representative sample of in- and outpatients with SMD. METHODS Patients with schizophrenia- or bipolar spectrum disorders (N = 1 001) underwent thorough clinical characterization and blood sampling (total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol). Aggression was characterized by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale Excited Component. Impulsivity was measured with the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale in a subsample of patients (N = 288). We used a multinomial logistic regression model to analyze the association between cholesterol and aggression and a multiple linear regression model to analyze the association between cholesterol and impulsivity, while controlling for confounders. RESULTS We found no significant associations between cholesterol levels and aggression or impulsivity. There were no significant interactions between cholesterol and diagnostic group or inpatient versus outpatient status. Controlling for medication use, body mass index, alcohol or illicit substance use did not affect the results. CONCLUSION In this large sample of patients with schizophrenia- and bipolar spectrum disorders, we found no associations between cholesterol levels and aggression or impulsivity. This has clinical implications as patients with SMD are at increased CVD risk and currently undertreated with statins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Hjell
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Departments of Psychiatry and Clinical Research, Ostfold Hospital, Gralum, Norway
| | - Lynn Mørch-Johnsen
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Departments of Psychiatry and Clinical Research, Ostfold Hospital, Gralum, Norway
| | - René Holst
- Departments of Psychiatry and Clinical Research, Ostfold Hospital, Gralum, Norway.,Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Natalia Tesli
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christina Bell
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Synve Hoffart Lunding
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Linn Rødevand
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maren Caroline Frogner Werner
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Melle
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole Andreas Andreassen
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trine Vik Lagerberg
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nils Eiel Steen
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Unn Kristin Haukvik
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Adult Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Centre of Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Severe behavioural issues such as impulsive action and suicide have since long been associated with low levels of cholesterol. While it is known that cholesterol plays a role in neural development and hence low levels of serum lipids could have long-term effects on behaviour, no longitudinal studies showed the association of serum lipids levels with impulsivity. We aimed to examine the prognostic properties of serum lipid levels during childhood and adolescence on measures of impulsivity during early adulthood in a representative birth cohort sample. METHODS We have investigated whether serum lipid levels measured at 9, 15, 18 and 25 years of age have an association with impulsivity in 25 years old young adults. This analysis was based on data of the birth cohort representative samples of the Estonian Children Personality Behaviour and Health Study (original n = 1238). Impulsivity was self-reported with the Adaptive and Maladaptive Impulsivity Scale. RESULTS Total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol measured in boys aged 9, 15 and 18 years predicted disinhibition and thoughtlessness in 25-year-old young adults. High scores of disinhibition were associated with low total and LDL cholesterol levels in males but, while less consistently, with high total and LDL cholesterol levels in females. Cross-sectional analysis did not result in systematic outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Serum lipid levels could have an impact on the development of Maladaptive Impulsivity starting from an early age. This effect of cholesterol continues throughout adolescence into young adulthood.
Collapse
|
5
|
Vats P, Das B, Khanra S. Serum Lipids among Drug Naïve or Drug-Free Patients with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and their Association with Impulsivity: A Comparative Study. Indian J Psychol Med 2020; 42:281-289. [PMID: 32612334 PMCID: PMC7320738 DOI: 10.4103/ijpsym.ijpsym_299_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The derangement of serum lipids is well documented in psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia, mania, and depression but not in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), where it has been inadequately examined. Also, serum lipid abnormalities are increasingly found in "impulsivity," an important sub-construct of OCD. Our study aimed to examine serum lipid profile among patients with OCD and its association with clinical profile and impulsivity among them. METHODS Forty drug naïve or drug-free (four weeks for oral and eight weeks for any depot psychotropics) patients with OCD according to International Classification of Disease -10th version (ICD-10): Diagnostic Criteria for Research (DCR) by the World Health Organization (WHO), from outpatient and inpatient departments of a tertiary care psychiatric hospital were recruited. Measures like Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), Hamliton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D), Barratt's Impulsivity Scale (BIS-11), and Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAM-A) were administered. Forty age and sex-matched healthy controls (HC) were recruited after screening with General Health Questionnaire 12 (GHQ-12). Serum lipids were assessed in both the groups. RESULTS Serum high density lipoproteins (HDL) (P < 0.001; partial η2 = 0.176) and apolipoprotein B (P < 0.001; partial η2 = 0.531) were significantly higher in OCD group than age- and sex-matched HC. A trend toward lower serum HDL (P = 0.06; partial η2 = 0.060) was observed among patients of OCD with high impulsivity. Serum HDL was negatively correlated with BIS attention (rs =-0.32; p = 0.03), BIS motor (rs = 0.40; P = 0.01), BIS non-planning (rs = - 0.36; P = 0.02), and BIS total (rs = - 0.36; P = 0.01) scores. Serum triglycerides (TG) (rs = 0.34; P = 0.03) and apolipoprotein B (rs = -0.32; P = 0.04) were negatively correlated with Y-BOCS compulsion score. Serum TG (rs = -0.45, P < 0.01) and serum very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) was negatively (rs = -0.39; P = 0.01) correlated with Y-BOCS total scores. Serum VLDL was positively (rs = 0.34; P = 0.03) correlated with BIS motor scores. CONCLUSIONS Serum lipid fractions are deranged among patients with OCD. Different lipid fractions have different associations with clinical profiles of OCD. Impulsivity among patients with OCD may have a specific association with serum lipids. A small sample size, use of self-report measure without adaptation for impulsivity, a lack of metabolic profile assessment among participants, and a lack of assessment of impulsivity among HC were the limitations of our tudy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Purvi Vats
- Department of Psychiatry, Central Institute of Psychiatry, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Basudeb Das
- Department of Psychiatry, Central Institute of Psychiatry, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Sourav Khanra
- Department of Psychiatry, Central Institute of Psychiatry, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Suicide is a relevant worldwide public health problem. Many studies have shown that different demographic and clinical factors are potentially associated with suicidal behavior. Other studies have reported data about the role of biomarkers in the onset of suicidal behaviors. Specifically, researchers have found that suicidal risk may be increased by abnormalities in serotonergic system, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, lipid metabolism, immune system and neuronal plasticity. The identification of specific biological parameters associated with self-harm may be helpful to implement prevention strategies and also to detect new therapeutic strategies. In this review, we summarize and analyze the results of main studies about neurobiological mechanisms related to suicidal behavior, also exploring the possible interconnection between the different biological systems.
Collapse
|
7
|
Eidan AJ, AL-Harmoosh RA, Al-Amarei HM. Estimation of IL-6, INFγ, and Lipid Profile in Suicidal and Nonsuicidal Adults with Major Depressive Disorder. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2019; 39:181-189. [DOI: 10.1089/jir.2018.0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ali J. Eidan
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Nursing, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Capuzzi E, Bartoli F, Crocamo C, Malerba MR, Clerici M, Carrà G. Recent suicide attempts and serum lipid profile in subjects with mental disorders: A cross-sectional study. Psychiatry Res 2018; 270:611-615. [PMID: 30384279 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral biomarkers for suicide have been studied generating mixed results. We investigated the association between serum lipid levels and suicide attempts in subjects with different mental disorders. We conducted a cross-sectional study, including 593 inpatients with schizophrenia spectrum, bipolar, major depressive, and personality disorders, hypothesizing that subjects with lower total cholesterol levels would have higher rates of recent suicide attempts. Contrary to our hypothesis, individuals with lower total cholesterol levels (<160 mg/dL) showed lower rates also of suicide attempts (OR adjusted for age and gender: 0.56; one-tailed p = 0.03). Further logistic regression models failed to estimate any association of continuous levels between total/low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol/ triglycerides, and suicide attempts, also considering diagnosis and suicide methods. An association between lipid profile and suicide attempts in subjects with mental disorders is not fully supported. Further research is needed to clarify the role of biomarkers in suicidal behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Capuzzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, via Cadore 38, Monza (MB) 20900, Italy.
| | - Francesco Bartoli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, via Cadore 38, Monza (MB) 20900, Italy
| | - Cristina Crocamo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, via Cadore 38, Monza (MB) 20900, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Malerba
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, via Cadore 38, Monza (MB) 20900, Italy
| | - Massimo Clerici
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, via Cadore 38, Monza (MB) 20900, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Carrà
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, via Cadore 38, Monza (MB) 20900, Italy; Division of Psychiatry, University College London, 6th Floor, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 7NF, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cariou B, Challet-Bouju G, Bernard C, Marrec M, Hardouin JB, Authier C, Bach-Ngohou K, Leux C, Pichelin M, Grall-Bronnec M. Prevalence of hypobetalipoproteinemia and related psychiatric characteristics in a psychiatric population: results from the retrospective HYPOPSY Study. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:249. [PMID: 30400945 PMCID: PMC6220563 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0892-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypobetalipoproteinemia (HBL) is defined by plasma concentrations of LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) lower than the fifth percentile for age and sex. Several psychiatric symptoms have been reported in association with HBL. The objective was to assess the prevalence of primary HBL in patients hospitalized in a psychiatric population and to better characterize the related psychiatric disorders. METHODS HYPOPSY is a retrospective study including 839 adults hospitalized in the Psychiatry department of Nantes University Hospital during the year 2014, except patients with eating disorders. The prevalence of primary HBL was defined by a plasma LDL-C concentration ≤ 50 mg/dL. Secondary causes of HBL were excluded after a review of medical records (n=2). Related-psychiatric disorders in patients with and without HBL were recorded using the ICD-10 classification. RESULTS Twenty cases of primary HBL (mean [SD] LDL-C: 42 [7] mg/dL) were diagnosed, leading to a prevalence of 2.39%. In comparison, the prevalence of HBL in a healthy control population was 0.57%. Psychiatric patients with HBL were characterized by a higher frequency of schizophrenia (p=0.044), hetero-aggression (p=0.015) and pervasive and specific developmental disorders (including autism) (p=0.011). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of HBL is 4-fold higher in psychiatric than in general population. More specifically, some statistically significant associations were found between low LDL-C concentrations and schizophrenia, autism and hetero-aggression. These data reinforce the hypothesis for a link between genetically low LDL-C levels and psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Cariou
- CHU Nantes, l'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, CHU Nantes, F-44000, Nantes, France. .,CHU de Nantes, CIC Endocrino-Nutrition INSERM UMR 1413, l'nstitut du thorax, F-44000, Nantes, France. .,Clinique d'Endocrinologie, Maladies Métaboliques et Nutrition, Hôpital Guillaume & René Laennec, Boulevard Jacques Monod, Saint-Herblain, 44093, Nantes Cedex 1, France.
| | - Gaëlle Challet-Bouju
- CHU Nantes, Service d'Addictologie et de Psychiatrie, F-44000, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, Université de Tours, Inserm UMR 1246-SPHERE, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Céline Bernard
- Clinique d'Endocrinologie, Maladies Métaboliques et Nutrition, Hôpital Guillaume & René Laennec, Boulevard Jacques Monod, Saint-Herblain, 44093, Nantes Cedex 1, France.,Present address: CHU Sud Reunion, Site Saint-Pierre, Avenue président F Mitterrand, BP 350, 97448 ST, Pierre Cedex, La Reunion, France
| | - Marie Marrec
- CHU de Nantes, CIC Endocrino-Nutrition INSERM UMR 1413, l'nstitut du thorax, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Jean-Benoit Hardouin
- Université de Nantes, Université de Tours, Inserm UMR 1246-SPHERE, F-44000, Nantes, France.,CHU Nantes, DRCi, Plateforme de Méthodologie et de Biostatistique, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Charlotte Authier
- Centre d'examens de santé de la Caisse Primaire d'Assurance Maladie de Loire-Atlantique, St Nazaire, F-44600, Saint-Nazaire, France
| | - Kalyane Bach-Ngohou
- CHU Nantes, Service de Biochimie, F-44000, Nantes, France.,INSERM1235, Université de Nantes, Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Christophe Leux
- CHU Nantes, Service d'Information Médicale, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Matthieu Pichelin
- CHU Nantes, l'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, CHU Nantes, F-44000, Nantes, France.,CHU de Nantes, CIC Endocrino-Nutrition INSERM UMR 1413, l'nstitut du thorax, F-44000, Nantes, France.,Clinique d'Endocrinologie, Maladies Métaboliques et Nutrition, Hôpital Guillaume & René Laennec, Boulevard Jacques Monod, Saint-Herblain, 44093, Nantes Cedex 1, France
| | - Marie Grall-Bronnec
- CHU Nantes, Service d'Addictologie et de Psychiatrie, F-44000, Nantes, France. .,Université de Nantes, Université de Tours, Inserm UMR 1246-SPHERE, F-44000, Nantes, France.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Troisi A, Croce Nanni R. Normal cholesterol levels in the immediate postpartum period: A risk factor for depressive and anxiety symptoms? Psychiatry Res 2018; 269:394-398. [PMID: 30173046 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.08.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to ascertain if cholesterol levels within the reference standards for healthy non-pregnant women are a risk factor for depressive and anxiety symptoms in the immediate postpartum period. During the first week after delivery, total cholesterol levels of 120 new mothers were measured and their mood state was assessed with the Profile of Mood States (POMS). Two weeks before delivery, mothers' personal and family history of mood disturbances was assessed with the Maternal History of Mood Disturbances (MHMD) scale. Only 26 (22%) of the new mothers had normal cholesterol levels (≤200 mg/dL). Mothers with normal levels did not differ on psychometric measures from those with high levels. However, in the subgroup of mothers with normal cholesterol, those with lower levels experienced more symptoms of anxiety, depression and fatigue and scored higher on the MHMD scale. In the larger group of mothers with high cholesterol levels, history of mood disturbances and postpartum depressive and anxiety symptoms were not correlated with total cholesterol. Measuring cholesterol levels in the peripartum can be useful to identify a subgroup of women with naturally low cholesterol levels and an increased risk for postpartum depressive and anxiety symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Troisi
- Department of Systems Medicine, International Medical School, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Viale Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder, which is multifactorial, complex, and seen most commonly in childhood. AIMS The aim of this study was to examine the hypothesis that altered serum lipid profiles are associated with ADHD. METHODS The study inluded 32 boys diagnosed with ADHD according to DSM-IV-R criteria and a control group of 29 healthy subjects. All patients were assessed with The Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia Present and Lifetime Version, the Turgay DSM-IV-based Disruptive Behavior Disorders Child and Adolescent Rating and Screening Scale, the Conners Parent Rating Scale-Revised Long Form, and the Conners Teacher Rating Scale. Measurements were taken of fasting plasma total cholesterol (T-Chol), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and 1-day food intake levels, and the groups were compared. RESULTS The mean TC, LDL, and HDL levels were significantly lower in the ADHD group than the control group (p = .005, p < .001, p = .002, respectively). There was no significant difference between the groups' TG levels (p = .295). No significant differences were determined between the combined-type ADHD patients and the predominantly inattentive subtype of ADHD in respect to the lipid profile. CONCLUSION The results of this study add to the growing body of evidence indicating an association between serum cholesterol and ADHD in boys. Further genetic and molecular studies are required to elucidate the biochemical mechanisms underlying this relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sibelnur Avcil
- a Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , Adnan Menderes University Faculty of Medicine , Aydın , Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ugur C, Uneri OS, Goker Z, Sekmen E, Aydemir H, Solmaz E. The assessment of serum lipid profiles of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Psychiatry Res 2018; 264:231-235. [PMID: 29655116 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent psychiatric disorders in children and the pathophysiology remains obscure. Some studies show that lipid imbalances are associated with ADHD etiology. We studied the association of serum total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglyceride (TG) levels in ADHD. We examined 88 children aged 8-12 years who were diagnosed with ADHD and 88 healthy children. The exclusion criteria were as follows: obesity, any psychotropic use in the last 3 months, presence of a chronic disease and/or malignancy, history of medically treated lipid metabolism disease in family members, intelligence quotient (IQ) < 70, and comorbidities, with the exception of oppositional defiant disorder. The sample was evaluated using a semi-structured clinical assessment interview and Conners' rating scales. Despite controlling for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) variables, the total cholesterol and LDL levels were significantly higher in the ADHD group than the levels of healthy controls, whereas the TG and HDL cholesterol levels were similar among groups. Conners' rating scales, reflecting symptom severity, and total cholesterol, TG, HDL, and LDL levels of the ADHD group were not correlated. The study results support the difference in serum lipid and lipoprotein profiles of children with ADHD compared with healthy controls. This difference is thought to be related with changes in oxidant/antioxidant balance states in ADHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cagatay Ugur
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, University of Health Sciences, Ankara Child Health and Diseases Hematology Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Sehit Omer Halisdemir Caddesi, Kurtdereli Sokak, No: 10 06100, Diskapi/Ankara Turkey.
| | - Ozden Sukran Uneri
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, University of Health Sciences, Ankara Child Health and Diseases Hematology Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Sehit Omer Halisdemir Caddesi, Kurtdereli Sokak, No: 10 06100, Diskapi/Ankara Turkey
| | - Zeynep Goker
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, University of Health Sciences, Ankara Child Health and Diseases Hematology Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Sehit Omer Halisdemir Caddesi, Kurtdereli Sokak, No: 10 06100, Diskapi/Ankara Turkey
| | - Ebru Sekmen
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, University of Health Sciences, Ankara Child Health and Diseases Hematology Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Sehit Omer Halisdemir Caddesi, Kurtdereli Sokak, No: 10 06100, Diskapi/Ankara Turkey
| | - Hilal Aydemir
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, University of Health Sciences, Ankara Child Health and Diseases Hematology Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Sehit Omer Halisdemir Caddesi, Kurtdereli Sokak, No: 10 06100, Diskapi/Ankara Turkey
| | - Esra Solmaz
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Ankara University Medical School, Ankara Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Baek JH, Heo JY, Fava M, Mischoulon D, Choi KW, Na EJ, Cho H, Jeon HJ. Effect of Korean Red Ginseng in individuals exposed to high stress levels: a 6-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Ginseng Res 2018; 43:402-407. [PMID: 31308812 PMCID: PMC6606819 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate the neurobiological evidence supporting the adaptogenic effects of Korean Red Ginseng in reducing the harmful consequences of stress using a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Method Sixty-three subjects with high stress levels were randomized to receive an orally administered, double-blind, 6-week treatment with Korean Red Ginseng (n = 32) or placebo (n = 31). All participants underwent a comprehensive psychological evaluation using Beck Depression Inventory and Stress Response Inventory, cognitive evaluation using the continuous performance test, biological evaluation by measuring blood levels of lipids, catecholamines, inflammation markers, and heart rate variability at baseline and after 6 weeks. Results At baseline, both groups showed no significant differences in age, sex, years of education, Beck Depression Inventory, and Stress Response Inventory. After 6 weeks, triglyceride levels were significantly increased within the normal limit in theKorean Red Ginseng group (F = 4.11, p = 0.048), and the epinephrine level was decreased in this group (F = 4,35, p = 0.043). The triglyceride increase was significantly associated with epinephrine decrease (B = −0.087, p = 0.041), suggesting that Korean Red Ginseng may stabilize the sympathetic nervous system. In addition, we detected a significant group by time effect in the visually controlled continuous performance test, suggesting positive effects of Korean Red Ginseng on cognition. Conclusion Korean Red Ginseng might help to stabilize the sympathetic nervous system and improve cognition in individuals with high stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Baek
- Department of Psychiatry, Depression Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Yoon Heo
- Department of Psychiatry, Depression Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Maurizio Fava
- Depression Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - David Mischoulon
- Depression Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Kwan Woo Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Depression Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jin Na
- Department of Psychiatry, Depression Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hana Cho
- Department of Physiology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Jin Jeon
- Department of Psychiatry, Depression Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Health Sciences & Technology, Department of Medical Device Management & Research, Department of Clinical Research Design & Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ekinci O, Ekinci A. The connections among suicidal behavior, lipid profile and low-grade inflammation in patients with major depressive disorder: a specific relationship with the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. Nord J Psychiatry 2017; 71:574-580. [PMID: 28800269 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2017.1363285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The role of inflammation and lipid metabolism in the pathophysiology of suicidal behavior has received particular attention in recent years. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been suggested as a new and more reliable indicator of low-grade inflammation. NLR has been found to be altered in major depressive disorder (MDD) and has been related to various factors, including chronic stress and impulsivity that were previously reported to be related to suicidal behavior. We aimed to explore the roles of NLR, C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum lipid levels on suicidal behavior in patients with MDD. METHODS The study group consisted of 139 inpatients diagnosed with MDD [37 suicide attempters (SA); 102 suicide non-attempters (NSA)], 50 healthy controls and matched according to age, gender and education. NLR, PLR, CRP and lipid values were obtained from digital inpatient records. RESULTS CRP levels and NLR were substantially higher in patients with SA than in subjects with NSA and healthy comparison subjects after adjusting the confounding factors. The logistic regression included two predictive variables for suicide status in patients with depressive disorder (A) previous suicidal history; (B) NLR. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study suggesting that NLR may be a trait marker for suicidal vulnerability via a relationship between NLR and a recent suicide attempt in depressed inpatients. Future prospective studies are needed to determine the exact roles of NLR, and other inflammatory markers on suicidality in MDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Okan Ekinci
- a Department of Psychiatry , Usak University Medical Faculty, Education and Training Hospital , Usak , Turkey
| | - Asli Ekinci
- a Department of Psychiatry , Usak University Medical Faculty, Education and Training Hospital , Usak , Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Eriksen BMS, Bjørkly S, Lockertsen Ø, Færden A, Roaldset JO. Low cholesterol level as a risk marker of inpatient and post-discharge violence in acute psychiatry - A prospective study with a focus on gender differences. Psychiatry Res 2017; 255:1-7. [PMID: 28505467 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Several studies indicate an association between low levels of serum cholesterol and aggressive behaviour, but prospective studies are scarce. In this naturalistic prospective inpatient and post-discharge study from an acute psychiatric ward, we investigated total cholesterol (TC) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) as risk markers of violence. From March 21, 2012, to March 20, 2013, 158 men and 204 women were included. TC and HDL were measured at admission. Violence was recorded during hospital stay and for the first 3 months post-discharge. Univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression were used to estimate associations between low TC and low HDL and violence. Results showed that HDL level was significantly inversely associated with violence during hospital stay for all patients. For men, but not for women, HDL level was significantly inversely associated with violence the first 3 months post-discharge. Results indicate that low HDL is a risk marker for inpatient and post-discharge violence in acute psychiatry and also suggest gender differences in HDL as a risk marker for violence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bjørn Magne S Eriksen
- Oslo University Hospital, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Acute Psychiatric Section, Oslo, Norway; University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Stål Bjørkly
- Oslo University Hospital, Centre for Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, Oslo, Norway; Molde University College, Molde, Norway
| | - Øyvind Lockertsen
- Oslo University Hospital, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Acute Psychiatric Section, Oslo, Norway; Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ann Færden
- Oslo University Hospital, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Acute Psychiatric Section, Oslo, Norway
| | - John Olav Roaldset
- Oslo University Hospital, Centre for Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, Oslo, Norway; Ålesund Hospital, Møre & Romsdal Health Trust, Psychiatric Department, Ålesund, Norway; The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kavoor AR, Mitra S, Kumar S, Sisodia AK, Jain R. Lipids, aggression, suicidality and impulsivity in drug-naïve/drug-free patients of schizophrenia. Asian J Psychiatr 2017; 27:129-136. [PMID: 28558886 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM Present study aimed at determining lipid profiles in acutely symptomatic drug-naïve/drug-free patients of schizophrenia, comparing them with healthy controls and exploring relationships between various lipid fractions, aggression, suicidality and impulsivity in this population. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a cross-sectional hospital-based study, comparing patients with schizophrenia (M=46, F=14; mean age 32.40±6.6 years; 48 drug-free for 10.50±9.2 weeks) with 60 age-sex matched healthy controls. Upon recruitment, fasting venous blood samples of all subjects were analysed for total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, VLDL and TG levels, and patients were rated on PANSS for symptom severity, Modified Overt Aggression Scale for aggression, Impulsivity Rating Scale for impulsivity and Scale for Suicide Ideation for suicidality. RESULTS The socio-demographic characteristics of the patients were comparable to controls. In patients, total cholesterol, HDL and LDL levels were found to be significantly lower (p<0.01) than the control group. When explored further in patients, lower total cholesterol and LDL levels showed significant negative correlations with scores on impulsivity (p<0.01) and suicidality (p<0.05); and TG level showed a negative correlation with impulsivity (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study adds to a growing literature on a complex relationship between lipid fractions and impulsivity, suicidality and aggression in schizophrenia; providing interesting insights into the biochemical basis of human behaviour and confirming these in a developing-world population. The implications are many, including a need to review judiciously the promotion of weight loss and cholesterol reduction programmes in constitutionally vulnerable population, at least during their acutely-symptomatic states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sudhir Kumar
- Institute of Mental Health and Hospital, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anil Kr Sisodia
- Institute of Mental Health and Hospital, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rakesh Jain
- Institute of Mental Health and Hospital, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to describe systematically recent studies that show the importance of cholesterol in psychopathology. METHODS This study was a review. The following databases were searched for relevant published articles on human studies: MEDLINE, Web of Science, EBSCOhost Academic Search Complete, and Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection (papers from January 2012 to March 2016). RESULTS Eighteen recent papers were selected, and thematic dimensions showing correlations between cholesterol and behavioral and psychopathological variables were depression, suicide, personality, and aggression. CONCLUSION This paper demonstrates that recent research corroborates the idea that cholesterol plays an important role in governing behavior and psychopathology in humans. Deepening the studies in this field could be a promising avenue for future research, with implications for treating people with behavior or mental health problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Pereira
- Department of Psychology and Education, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilha, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Loas G, Dalleau E, Lecointe H, Yon V. Relationships between anhedonia, alexithymia, impulsivity, suicidal ideation, recent suicide attempt, C-reactive protein and serum lipid levels among 122 inpatients with mood or anxious disorders. Psychiatry Res 2016; 246:296-302. [PMID: 27744231 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have explored the relationship between C-reactive protein (CRP), serum lipid levels, risk of suicide and alexithymia or impulsivity in mood or anxiety disorders. However, to date, no study has evaluated the effects of anhedonia on these parameters. The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between anhedonia, alexithymia, impulsivity, suicidal ideation, recent suicide attempt, C-reactive protein (CRP) and lipid levels in patients with mood or anxiety disorders. One hundred and twenty-two inpatients with mood or anxiety disorders were recruited. Alexithymia and impulsivity were rated by the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) and the Barratt impulsivity scale (BIS-10), respectively. Anhedonia and depression were rated by the Temporal Experience Pleasure Scale (TEPS) and the Beck Depression inventory (BDI-II). The TEPS contained two subscales rating anticipatory and consummatory anhedonia. From the BDI-II an anhedonia subscale was extracted rating anhedonia-state. Trait consummatory anhedonia and state anhedonia were associated with low levels of total cholesterol or HDL and low levels of triglycerides respectively. Trait anticipatory anhedonia and state anhedonia were associated with suicidal ideations. The difficulty of identifying feelings component of alexithymia was associated with low levels of total cholesterol and LDL. A high level of suicidal ideation was associated with low levels of HDL. Higher levels of CRP were found in inpatients having recently attempted suicide compared with inpatients who had not attempted suicide. In mood and anxiety disorders, anhedonia and the "difficulty of identifying feelings" component of alexithymia (which has previously been found to be associated with suicide risk) could explain the relationship between serum lipid levels and higher suicide risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gwenolé Loas
- University Department of Psychiatry, Hôpital Nord, CHU d'Amiens, France; Department of Psychiatry, Hôpital Erasme, ULB, Bruxelles, Belgium.
| | - Elodie Dalleau
- University Department of Psychiatry, Hôpital Nord, CHU d'Amiens, France
| | - Héloïse Lecointe
- University Department of Psychiatry, Hôpital Nord, CHU d'Amiens, France
| | - Valérie Yon
- University Department of Psychiatry, Hôpital Nord, CHU d'Amiens, France
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tomson K, Vaht M, Laas K, Veidebaum T, Harro J. Effect of a human serotonin 5-HT 2A receptor gene polymorphism on impulsivity: Dependence on cholesterol levels. J Affect Disord 2016; 206:23-30. [PMID: 27455355 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impulsivity is multidimensional: Low impulse control may result in behavioural disorders, but acting on the spur of moment may also be advantageous. Previous studies have shown negative associations between different facets of impulsivity and serotonergic function. Other investigations have found negative correlations between serum lipid levels and impulsivity. METHODS We have investigated whether the functional polymorphism -1438A/G in the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor gene (HTR2A) is associated with impulsivity levels and whether there is any interaction with serum lipid levels. This analysis was based on data of the population-representative Estonian Children Personality Behaviour and Health Study at age 25. Impulsivity was self-reported with the Adaptive and Maladaptive Impulsivity Scale. RESULTS Subjects with the A/A genotype of the HTR2A -1438A/G polymorphism had higher scores of Maladaptive impulsivity, but not Adaptive impulsivity. In females, high LDL and total cholesterol levels increased the genotype effect. In males, in the highest quartile of total or LDL cholesterol the genotype effect was altered, with G/G homozygotes having the highest Maladaptive impulsivity levels. LIMITATIONS Only one cohort of the European Youth Heart Study (EYHS) was used in the current study and impulsivity measures were self-reported. CONCLUSIONS Our results do not support the notion that low cholesterol levels universally lead to higher impulsivity, but it was found that high total and LDL cholesterol levels moderate the effect of the HTR2A gene promoter polymorphism. This suggests that future studies on impulsivity need to consider the interaction of serotonergic measures with the whole range of cholesterol levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Tomson
- Division of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Psychology, University of Tartu, Ravila 14A, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Public Health, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Mariliis Vaht
- Division of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Psychology, University of Tartu, Ravila 14A, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Kariina Laas
- Division of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Psychology, University of Tartu, Ravila 14A, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Toomas Veidebaum
- National Institute for Health Development, Hiiu 42, 11619 Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Jaanus Harro
- Division of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Psychology, University of Tartu, Ravila 14A, Tartu, Estonia.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Gendle MH. The potential behavioral and economic impacts of widespread HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) use. Med Hypotheses 2016; 97:54-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2016.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
21
|
de Girolamo G, Buizza C, Sisti D, Ferrari C, Bulgari V, Iozzino L, Boero ME, Cristiano G, De Francesco A, Giobbio GM, Maggi P, Rossi G, Segalini B, Candini V. Monitoring and predicting the risk of violence in residential facilities. No difference between patients with history or with no history of violence. J Psychiatr Res 2016; 80:5-13. [PMID: 27253885 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most people with mental disorders are not violent. However, the lack of specific studies in this area and recent radical changes in Italy, including the closure of six Forensic Mental Hospitals, has prompted a more detailed investigation of patients with aggressive behaviour. AIMS To compare socio-demographic, clinical and treatment-related characteristics of long-term inpatients with a lifetime history of serious violence with controls; to identify predictors of verbal and physical aggressive behaviour during 1-year follow-up. METHODS In a prospective cohort study, patients living in Residential Facilities (RFs) with a lifetime history of serious violence were assessed with a large set of standardized instruments and compared to patients with no violent history. Patients were evaluated bi-monthly with MOAS in order to monitor any aggressive behaviour. RESULTS The sample included 139 inpatients, 82 violent and 57 control subjects; most patients were male. The bi-monthly monitoring during the 1-year follow-up did not show any statistically significant differences in aggressive behaviour rates between the two groups. The subscale explaining most of the MOAS total score was aggression against objects, although verbal aggression was the most common pattern. Furthermore, verbal aggression was significantly associated with aggression against objects and physical aggression. CONCLUSIONS Patients with a history of violence in RFs, where treatment and clinical supervision are available, do not show higher rates of aggressiveness compared to patients with no lifetime history of violence. Since verbal aggression is associated with more severe forms of aggression, prompt intervention is warranted to reduce the risk of escalation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni de Girolamo
- Psychiatric Epidemiology and Evaluation Unit, Saint John of God Clinical Research Center, Brescia, Italy
| | - Chiara Buizza
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Davide Sisti
- Institute of Biomathematics, University of Urbino, Italy
| | - Clarissa Ferrari
- Service of Statistics, Saint John of God Clinical Research Center, Brescia, Italy
| | - Viola Bulgari
- Psychiatric Epidemiology and Evaluation Unit, Saint John of God Clinical Research Center, Brescia, Italy; PhD School in Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Iozzino
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Boero
- Rehabilitation Hospital Beata Vergine Della Consolata, Torino, Italy
| | | | | | - Gian Marco Giobbio
- Villa Sant'Ambrogio Hospital, Milan, Italy; Sacro Cuore di Gesù Center, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Rossi
- Psychiatric Unit, Saint John of God Clinical Research Center, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Candini
- Psychiatric Epidemiology and Evaluation Unit, Saint John of God Clinical Research Center, Brescia, Italy; Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Italy.
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Cartocci V, Servadio M, Trezza V, Pallottini V. Can Cholesterol Metabolism Modulation Affect Brain Function and Behavior? J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:281-286. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Cartocci
- Department of Science; Biomedical and Biotechnology Section; University Roma Tre; Rome Italy
| | - Michela Servadio
- Department of Science; Biomedical and Biotechnology Section; University Roma Tre; Rome Italy
| | - Viviana Trezza
- Department of Science; Biomedical and Biotechnology Section; University Roma Tre; Rome Italy
| | - Valentina Pallottini
- Department of Science; Biomedical and Biotechnology Section; University Roma Tre; Rome Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Koponen H, Kautiainen H, Leppänen E, Mäntyselkä P, Vanhala M. Association between suicidal behaviour and impaired glucose metabolism in depressive disorders. BMC Psychiatry 2015; 15:163. [PMID: 26199013 PMCID: PMC4509469 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-015-0567-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disturbances in lipid metabolism have been linked to suicidal behaviour, but little is known about the association between suicide risk and abnormal glucose metabolism in depression. Hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia may increase the risk of depression and also the risk for suicide, we therefore studied associations between suicidal behaviour and disturbances in glucose metabolism in depressive patients who had been referred to depression nurse case managers. METHODS Patients aged 35 years and older (N = 448, mean age 51 years) who were experiencing a new depressive episode, who were referred to depression nurse case managers in 2008-2009 and who scored ≥10 on the Beck Depression Inventory were enrolled in this study. The study was conducted in municipalities within the Central Finland Hospital District (catchment area of 274 000 inhabitants) as part of the Finnish Depression and Metabolic Syndrome in Adults study. The patients' psychiatric diagnoses and suicidal behaviour were confirmed by the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Blood samples, for glucose and lipid determinations, were drawn from participants after 12 h of fasting, which was followed by a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) when blood was drawn at 0 and 2 h. Insulin resistance was measured by the Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) method. RESULTS Suicidal ideation (49 %) and previous suicide attempts (16 %) were common in patients with major depressive disorder or dysthymia. Patients with depression and suicidal behaviour had higher blood glucose concentrations at baseline and at 2 hours in the OGTT. Glucose levels associated positively with the prevalence of suicidal behaviour, and the linearity was significant at baseline (p for linearity: 0.012, adjusted for age and sex) and for 2-hour OGTT glucose (p for linearity: 0.004, adjusted for age and sex). QUICKI levels associated with suicidal behavior (p for linearity across tertiles of QUICKI: 0.026). Total and LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels were also higher in those patients with suicidal behaviour. Multivariate analysis revealed that blood glucose levels, BDI scores and antidepressive medications associated with suicidal behaviour. CONCLUSION Insulin resistance and disturbances in glucose and lipid metabolism may be more common in middle-aged depressive patients with suicidal behaviour.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannu Koponen
- Old Age Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 22, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Hannu Kautiainen
- Primary Health Care Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland. .,Primary Health Care Unit, Central Hospital of Central Finland, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Esa Leppänen
- Public Utility Laboratory KESLAB, Central Finland Hospital District, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Pekka Mäntyselkä
- Primary Health Care Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland. .,Primary Health Care Unit, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Mauno Vanhala
- Primary Health Care Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland. .,Primary Health Care Unit, Central Hospital of Central Finland, Jyväskylä, Finland. .,Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Koponen H, Kautiainen H, Leppänen E, Mäntyselkä P, Vanhala M. Cardiometabolic risk factors in patients referred to depression nurse case managers. Nord J Psychiatry 2015; 69:262-7. [PMID: 25363212 DOI: 10.3109/08039488.2014.972451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disturbances in lipid and glucose metabolism are associated with depressive symptoms, and may increase suicidal behavior. AIMS To investigate the prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors, severity of depressive symptoms, and suicidal thoughts and previous attempts in patients referred to depression nurse case managers. METHODS Blood cholesterol, triglyceride and glucose levels, depressive symptoms and suicidality were studied in 706 depressed participants and 426 controls. In addition, we compared the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) with a diagnostic interview. RESULTS 448 (63%) of the patients scoring ≥ 10 on BDI had major depression or dysthymic disorder, 258 had an anxiety or alcohol use disorder, 137 (19%) had two or more diagnoses in the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Suicidal thoughts (49%) and previous suicide attempts (16%) were more common in patients with depressive disorders. Patients diagnosed with depression had highest BDI scores and higher blood glucose levels measured at baseline and at 2 h in the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Both patient groups also had higher triglyceride levels compared with the controls. In addition, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes were most common among the depressed participants. In the whole study population, levels of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol as well as baseline and 2-h blood glucose in OGTT were higher among patients with suicidal behavior. CONCLUSIONS Cardiometabolic risk factors and metabolic syndrome are common in patients with depression, and in patients with anxiety and alcohol use disorders. The results imply that disturbance in glucose metabolism may be associated with suicidal thoughts and previous attempts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannu Koponen
- Hannu Koponen, Professor of Old Age Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Helsinki, and Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki University Central Hospital , Helsinki , Finland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kavoor AR, Ram D, Mitra S. Lipid correlates of attentional impulsivity in first episode mania: results from an Indian population. Indian J Psychol Med 2014; 36:378-84. [PMID: 25336769 PMCID: PMC4201789 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7176.140703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attentional/cognitive impulsivity has been demonstrated as being associated with an increased risk for suicide and other self-harming behaviors, along with a more severe course in patients with bipolar disorder. That an alteration of the various serum lipid fractions might be associated with increased impulsivity has been proposed in the past, but evidences are ambiguous and mainly based on western population data. OBJECTIVE The present study was aimed to analyze the attentional impulsivity and various serum lipid fractions in bipolar patients, from an Indian perspective. MATERIALS AND METHODS At presentation, 60 drug free/naïve first episode Mania patients were rated on the Barratt impulsiveness scale-version 11 and Young Mania Rating Scale; body mass index (BMI) was calculated and blood samples were analyzed for total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoproteins, low density lipoproteins and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), triglycerides (TG) and apolipoproteins A1 and B. RESULTS The analysis revealed statistically significant negative correlation and inverse linear relationship between TC, TG, VLDL and BMI with attentional impulsivity. CONCLUSION The present study adds to the growing literature on a complex relationship between lipid fractions and attentional impulsivity. The findings present interesting insights into the possible substrates of human behavior at biochemical levels. The implications are many, including a need to introspect regarding the promotion of weight loss and cholesterol reduction programs in constitutionally vulnerable population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Rao Kavoor
- Department of Psychiatry, Central Institute of Psychiatry, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Daya Ram
- Department of Psychiatry, Central Institute of Psychiatry, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Sayantanava Mitra
- Department of Psychiatry, Central Institute of Psychiatry, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Davison KM, Kaplan BJ. Lipophilic Statin Use and Suicidal Ideation in a Sample of Adults With Mood Disorders. CRISIS 2014; 35:278-82. [DOI: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: Mood disorders are associated with a high risk of suicide. Statin therapy has been implicated in this relationship. Aims: To further clarify reported associations between suicide and cholesterol in mental health conditions, we conducted an analysis of dietary, clinical, and suicidal ideation measures in community-living adults with mood disorders. Method: Data were used from a cross-sectional study of a randomly selected community-based sample (> 18 years; n = 97) with verified mood disorders. Dietary (e.g., fat, iron, vitamin intakes), clinical (e.g., current depression and mania symptoms, medications), and sociodemographic (age, sex, and income) measures were analyzed using bivariate statistics and Poisson regression with robust variance. Results: Participants were predominantly female (71.1%) with bipolar disorder (59.8%); almost one-third (28.9%) were taking lipophilic statins. The prevalence of suicidal ideation was more than 2.5 times in those taking statins, PR = 2.59, 95% CI 1.27–5.31, p < .05. The prevalence ratio for suicidal ideation was 1.10, 95% CI 1.06–1.15, p < .001, for each unit increase in mania symptom scores. No associations between suicidal ideation and dietary intake measures were identified. Conclusion: Individuals with mood disorders may be susceptible to neuropsychiatric effects of cholesterol-lowering drugs, which warrants further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen M. Davison
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Health Science Program, Kwantlen Polytechnic University, Surrey, BC, Canada
| | - Bonnie J. Kaplan
- Department of Paediatrics, Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kavoor AR, Ram D, Mitra S. Deranged serum cholesterol levels in first episode mania. NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2014; 6:185-6. [PMID: 24843854 PMCID: PMC4024588 DOI: 10.4103/1947-2714.131250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Rao Kavoor
- Department of Psychiatry, Central Institute of Psychiatry, Kanke, Ranchi, India E-mail:
| | - Daya Ram
- Department of Psychiatry, Central Institute of Psychiatry, Kanke, Ranchi, India E-mail:
| | - Sayantanava Mitra
- Department of Psychiatry, Central Institute of Psychiatry, Kanke, Ranchi, India E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Tatlidil Yaylaci E, Kesebir S, Güngördü Ö. The relationship between impulsivity and lipid levels in bipolar patients: does temperament explain it? Compr Psychiatry 2014; 55:883-6. [PMID: 24625766 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate whether there was a relationship between impulsivity and lipid levels in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and to examine the correlation of impulsivity and lipid levels with temperament subtypes. METHODS For this purpose, one hundred patients who were admitted to our out-patient unit for routine controls, had been in remission for at least 8weeks, and diagnosed as BD according to the DSM-IV were evaluated consecutively. Impulsivity and temperament were evaluated with the BIS-11 and the TEMPS-A. Blood samples were obtained to measure levels of lipids (cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein-HDL, low density lipoprotein-LDL). RESULTS A weak correlation was found between impulsivity scores and triglyceride levels (r=0.190, p=0.050). Correlation was found between impulsivity scores and depressive, anxious, cyclothymic, and irritable temperaments (r=0.371, p<0.001; r=0.458, p<0.001; r=0.541, p<0.001; r=0.530, p<0.001), while triglyceride levels were only related with depressive and anxious temperaments (r=0.485, p=0.001 and r=0.391, p=0.006). CONCLUSIONS Temperament is an important mediator of the relationship between lipid levels and trait impulsivity in patients with BD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elif Tatlidil Yaylaci
- Erenköy Mental and Neurological Disease Training and Research Hospital, Department of Psychiatry Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Sermin Kesebir
- Erenköy Mental and Neurological Disease Training and Research Hospital, Department of Psychiatry Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Özlem Güngördü
- Erenköy Mental and Neurological Disease Training and Research Hospital, Department of Psychiatry Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Cholesterol and the "Cycle of Violence" in attempted suicide. Psychiatry Res 2014; 215:646-50. [PMID: 24503286 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
An association between low levels of serum cholesterol and violent or suicidal behaviour has frequently been reported. However the role of serum cholesterol in the cycle of violence (Widom, 1989) has not been studied. The aim of this study was to investigate association between exposure to violence during childhood and used adult violence in suicide attempters with low and high serum cholesterol levels. 81 suicide attempters were assessed with the Karolinska Interpersonal Violence Scale (KIVS) measuring exposure to violence and expressed violent behaviour in childhood (between 6 and 14 years of age) and during adult life (15 years or older). We used median split to dichotomise groups below and above median serum cholesterol. In patients with serum cholesterol below median, the correlation between exposure to violence as a child and used adult violence was significant (rho=0.52, p=0.002), while in patients with serum cholesterol above median, the correlation between exposure to violence as a child and expressed violent behaviour as an adult was not significant (rho=0.25, p=0.2). Comorbid substance abuse predicted violent behaviour as an adult only in patients with serum cholesterol above median. Serum cholesterol may modify the effect of the "Cycle of Violence".
Collapse
|
30
|
Roaldset JO, Hartvig P, Bjørkly S. Can lipid analysis help identify repeatedly violent patients after discharge from acute psychiatry? Psychiatry Res 2013; 210:371-3. [PMID: 23931932 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2013.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 03/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study of 196 patients discharged from an acute psychiatric ward, 11 patients (6%) were identified as exhibiting repeated violence and having frequent readmissions. Compared with non-violent patients and those with only one violent post-discharge episode, repeatedly violent patients were significantly characterised by male gender, higher rates of previous threats of violence, lack of empathy, more severe violence during follow-up, and lower high-density lipoprotein levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Olav Roaldset
- Psychiatric Department, Ålesund Hospital, Møre & Romsdal Health Trust, 6026 Ålesund, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7489 Trondheim, Norway; Centre for Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, Oslo University Hospital, Bygg 7, Gaustad, 0320 Oslo, Norway.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Leroy M, Loas G, Perez-Diaz F. Is impulsivity a risk factor of clinical events in acute coronary syndrome? A three-year follow-up study. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2013; 40:149-52. [PMID: 23063652 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Revised: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several depressive symptoms increase the risk of adverse clinical events after acute coronary syndrome (ACS) but the potential effect of impulsivity has not been explored. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of impulsivity on prognosis at 3-year follow-up in patients hospitalised for ACS. METHODS Consecutively admitted ACS patients (n=277) completed the tenth version of the Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS 10) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale depression subscale (HAD-D) at baseline (1-4 days after their admission). The three subscales of the BIS 10 rating motor impulsivity (motor-BIS 10), attentional impulsivity (atten-BIS 10) and nonplanning impulsivity (nonplan-BIS 10) were taken into account. Patients were followed during 3 years for adverse clinical events divided into severe cardiac events (mortality or myocardial infarction (MI)), and clinical events (mortality, MI, recurrence of ACS, hospital readmission and onset or deterioration of heart failure (HF)). RESULTS At follow-up, there were 135 clinical events including 40 severe cardiac events. Low motor impulsivity and high depression were associated with poor prognosis, but high levels of motor impulsivity were the only predictors of lower frequency of severe cardiac events after adjusting for demographic and clinical variables. LIMITATIONS The patients were recruited from only one hospital and lack of structured interview for assessment of depression. CONCLUSIONS Motor impulsivity predicted low incidence of severe cardiac events following ACS and the BIS can be used clinically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michel Leroy
- The University Department of Psychiatry, CHU d'Amiens, University of Picardie, Amiens, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
Impulsivity is an important risk factor of severe course of alcohol dependence. However, the significance of environmental determinants of impulsivity has been underestimated. The aim of this study was to identify psychosocial factors increasing the level of impulsivity in alcoholics. Levels of impulsivity were measured in 304 alcohol-dependent patients. The stop-signal task was used to assess behavioral impulsivity, and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, to measure global and cognitive impulsivity. Correlations between impulsivity and psychosocial variables were examined. A significant association between level of impulsivity and severity of psychopathological symptoms was observed. Patients who reported childhood sexual or physical abuse, lower social support, and more severe course of alcohol dependence were more impulsive, especially in the cognitive domain. When entered into a linear regression analysis model, severity of alcohol dependence, psychopathology, and childhood physical abuse remained significant. These results suggest that psychosocial variables are important factors associated with high levels of impulsivity in alcohol-dependent patients.
Collapse
|
33
|
Roaldset JO, Hartvig P, Morten Linaker O, Bjørkly S. A multifaceted model for risk assessment of violent behaviour in acutely admitted psychiatric patients. Psychiatry Res 2012; 200:773-8. [PMID: 22609226 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2012.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2011] [Revised: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Violence risk assessment instruments are mainly based on historical and clinical risk factors. Biological factors have been related to violent behaviour but hardly used in risk assessment. A recent study indicated that both low total cholesterol (TC) and the patients' own estimates about their risk of future violent behaviour, the Self-report Risk Scale (SRS), significantly predicted violent behaviour during hospital stay and the first 3 months after discharge from an acute psychiatric department. Our aim was to investigate whether combining three methods, a screening instrument for risk of violence (V-RISK-10), low TC and the SRS, into one multifaceted risk assessment model may enhance predictive validity. This prospective naturalistic study involved 134 of all (489) acutely admitted patients to a general psychiatric hospital during 1 year. Low TC, SRS and V-RISK-10 at admission were prospectively compared with recorded violence during hospital stay and the first 3 months after discharge. The multifaceted risk assessment model yielded a significant increase in explained variance beyond that of the V-RISK-10. AUC values were higher, but differences were not significant. The biopsychosocial approach to violence risk assessment seems promising, but further studies are needed to test the feasibility and predictive validity of multifaceted models.
Collapse
|
34
|
De Berardis D, Marini S, Piersanti M, Cavuto M, Perna G, Valchera A, Mazza M, Fornaro M, Iasevoli F, Martinotti G, Di Giannantonio M. The Relationships between Cholesterol and Suicide: An Update. ISRN PSYCHIATRY 2012; 2012:387901. [PMID: 23762765 PMCID: PMC3671696 DOI: 10.5402/2012/387901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol is a core component of the central nervous system, essential for the cell membrane stability and the correct functioning of neurotransmission. It has been observed that cholesterol may be somewhat associated with suicidal behaviours. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to elucidate current facts and views about the role of cholesterol levels in mood disorders. The majority of the studies reviewed in the present paper suggest an interesting relationship between cholesterol (especially lower levels) and suicidality. On the other hand, particularly during the last years, relationships between serum cholesterol and suicidality were doubted on the basis of some recent studies that have not found any correlation. However, the debate on relationships between cholesterol and suicide is open and longitudinal studies on a larger sample of patients are needed to further clarify this important issue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Domenico De Berardis
- Psychiatric Service of Diagnosis and Treatment, Department of Mental Health, "G. Mazzini" Hospital, NHS, ASL 4, 64100 Teramo, Italy ; Department of Neurosciences and Imaging, "G. D'Annunzio" University, 66013 Chieti, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Tomson K, Merenäkk L, Loit HM, Mäestu J, Harro J. The relationship between serotonin transporter gene promoter polymorphism and serum lipid levels at young age in a longitudinal population-representative study. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2011; 35:1857-62. [PMID: 21864630 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2011.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Revised: 08/07/2011] [Accepted: 08/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The serotonin transporter gene promoter region polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) has been linked to psychiatric disorders, mostly anxiety and affective disorders. In elderly populations 5-HTTLPR polymorphism has also been reported to be associated with serum lipid levels. We have examined the interaction of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and the markers of lipid metabolism at young age in a longitudinal, population-representative cohort study. The sample of the Estonian Children Personality Behaviour and Health Study (initially cohorts of 9 and 15 year old children, complete lipid and genotype data for n=1176) was examined throughout 10 years. Subjects were genotyped and the levels of low-density lipoproteins, high-density lipoproteins, triglycerides, and total cholesterol were measured. Children and adolescents carrying the s allele of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism had lower levels of low-density lipoprotein and total cholesterol. At the age of 25, the s allele carriers had higher levels of high-density lipoproteins. These associations were independent of gender. Thus the 5-HTTLPR can be associated with the serum lipid levels and in particular low-density lipoproteins already in a young age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Tomson
- Department of Psychology, Estonian Centre of Behavioural and Health Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|