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Grave J, Madeira N, Morais S, Rodrigues P, Soares SC. Emotional interference and attentional control in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders: The special case of neutral faces. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2023; 81:101892. [PMID: 37429124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (SSD) are characterized by impaired emotion processing and attention. SSD patients are more sensitive to the presence of emotional distractors. But despite growing interest on the emotion-attention interplay, emotional interference in SSD is far from fully understood. Moreover, research to date has not established the link between emotional interference and attentional control in SSD. This study thus aimed to investigate the effects of facial expression and attentional control in SSD, by manipulating perceptual load. METHODS Twenty-two SSD patients and 22 healthy controls performed a target-letter discrimination task with task-irrelevant angry, happy, and neutral faces. Target-letter was presented among homogenous (low load) or heterogenous (high load) distractor-letters. Accuracy and RT were analysed using (generalized) linear mixed-effect models. RESULTS Accuracy was significantly lower in SSD patients than controls, regardless of perceptual load and facial expression. Concerning RT, SSD patients were significantly slower than controls in the presence of neutral faces, but only at high load. No group differences were observed for angry and happy faces. LIMITATIONS Heterogeneity of SSD, small sample size, lack of clinical control group, medication. CONCLUSIONS One possible explanation is that neutral faces captured exogenous attention to a greater extent in SSD, thus challenging attentional control in perceptually demanding conditions. This may reflect abnormal processing of neutral faces in SSD. If replicated, these findings will help to understand the interplay between exogenous attention, attentional control, and emotion processing in SSD, which may unravel the mechanism underlying socioemotional dysfunction in SSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Grave
- William James Center for Research (WJCR-Aveiro), Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS@RISE), Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Nuno Madeira
- Psychiatry Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal; Institute of Psychological Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; CIBIT-Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; CACC-Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sofia Morais
- Psychiatry Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal; Institute of Psychological Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; CIBIT-Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; CACC-Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paulo Rodrigues
- Department of Psychology and Education, University of Beira Interior, Estrada do Sineiro, 6200-209 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Sandra C Soares
- William James Center for Research (WJCR-Aveiro), Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Grave J, Madeira N, Martins MJ, Silva S, Korb S, Soares SC. Slower access to visual awareness but otherwise intact implicit perception of emotional faces in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Conscious Cogn 2021; 93:103165. [PMID: 34274640 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2021.103165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia-spectrum disorders are characterized by deficits in social domains. Extant research has reported an impaired ability to perceive emotional faces in schizophrenia. Yet, it is unclear if these deficits occur already in the access to visual awareness. To investigate this question, 23 people with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and 22 healthy controls performed a breaking continuous flash suppression task with fearful, happy, and neutral faces. Response times were analysed with generalized linear mixed models. People with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders were slower than controls in detecting faces, but did not show emotion-specific impairments. Moreover, happy faces were detected faster than neutral and fearful faces, across all participants. Although caution is needed when interpreting the main effect of group, our findings may suggest an elevated threshold for visual awareness in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, but an intact implicit emotion perception. Our study provides a new insight into the mechanisms underlying emotion perception in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Grave
- William James Center for Research, Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Nuno Madeira
- Psychiatry Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Praceta Prof. Mota Pinto, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; Institute of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine - University of Coimbra, Portugal, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria João Martins
- Institute of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine - University of Coimbra, Portugal, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Ocupational Health and Safety Management Services, University of Coimbra Social Services, Rua Doutor Guilherme Moreira 12, 3000-210 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Samuel Silva
- Department of Electronics, Telecommunication and Informatics (DETI)/Institute of Electronics and Informatics Engineering (IEETA), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sebastian Korb
- Department of Psychology, University of Essex, CO4 3SQ Colchester, United Kingdom; Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, University of Vienna, Liebiggasse 5 1010, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sandra Cristina Soares
- William James Center for Research, Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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3
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Interaction of emotion and cognitive control along the psychosis continuum: A critical review. Int J Psychophysiol 2020; 147:156-175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Seo SH, Kim E, Mundy P, Heo J, Kim KK. Joint Attention Virtual Classroom: A Preliminary Study. Psychiatry Investig 2019; 16:292-299. [PMID: 31042691 PMCID: PMC6504768 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2019.02.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have suggested that a virtual classroom is immersive and ecologically valid neuropsychological assessment, but those studies have limited components for social attentions. Therefore, the objective in the current study is the development of a joint attention virtual reality (JA-VR) classroom to incorporate social attentions between a participant and a virtual avatar teacher. METHODS Fifty-eight participants were recruited for current study (25 for pilot and 33 for main studies; 32.8% female, n=19; age: M=24.5, SD=4.0). We suggested a JA-VR classroom, and compared it with previous methods including a VR classroom without JA components. We conducted attention experiments with AX-version of continuous performance tasks. RESULTS Our results suggest that the new JA-VR classroom had convergent validity with previous methods, and that the JA-VR classroom promoted attentional processing among participants better than both old VR and non-VR measures. CONCLUSION We add an important social attention concept to the virtual classroom, and believe that this work is an methodological foundation for the study of social attention in school life. We hope it ultimately help people with mental handicaps in social attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hun Seo
- Department of Computer Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjoo Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Peter Mundy
- School of Education and MIND Institute, University of California (UC) Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jiwoong Heo
- Department of Computer Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwanguk Kenny Kim
- Department of Computer Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Grave J, Soares SC, Morais S, Rodrigues P, Madeira N. RETRACTED: The effects of perceptual load in processing emotional facial expression in psychotic disorders. Psychiatry Res 2017; 250:121-128. [PMID: 28152397 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal). This article has been retracted at the request of the authors and Editor-in-Chief. The Authors have recently discovered an error in the database that affects the results and, consequently, the discussion, conclusions and abstract of this article on the effects of perceptual load and task-irrelevant facial expression during a target-letter discrimination task in psychotic disorders. The error was discovered by the Authors during the analysis of new data using the same experimental task, but collected from a distinct clinical sample, and involves a systematic error in the database: pictures of one actor were coded as depicting the same valence (angry, happy, neutral) during the programming of the experimental task, regardless of the real facial expression portraited by the picture in each trial. As a result, the information provided by the ‘Emotion’ variable in the database, created by the E-Prime software for each participant during the performance of the task, was not correct. Because the Authors used the ‘Emotion’ variable to perform the statistical analysis, the results of lower accuracy for individuals diagnosed with psychotic disorders in trials where the task-irrelevant stimuli are happy facial expressions - as revealed by a significant interaction between group and facial expression (p = .016) and between group, perceptual load and facial expression (p = .027) - are not correct, thus partially affecting the discussion, conclusions and abstract of the manuscript. Besides the ‘Emotion’ variable, the raw database contains the filename of the picture presented in each trial. Therefore, the Authors were able to correct the error and to re-analyse the data, and will proceed with the submission for publication of the corrected version of the manuscript. The error had no influence on the design and procedure of the experimental task, as the order of the pictures was fully randomized per participant. The Authors apologize for the inconvenience caused by these mistakes and agree with the retraction. The Authors advise all researchers to pay special attention when scripting/coding the stimuli to be used in the experimental tasks, and to confirm all scripting/coding with independent researchers, whenever possible, to prevent mistakes (Strand, 2021). The Journal apologizes that these errors were not detected during peer review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Grave
- Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Sandra C Soares
- Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS-UA), Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Psychology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Sofia Morais
- Psychiatry Department, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Paulo Rodrigues
- Department of Psychology and Education, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Nuno Madeira
- Psychiatry Department, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Mukherjee P, Sabharwal A, Kotov R, Szekely A, Parsey R, Barch DM, Mohanty A. Disconnection Between Amygdala and Medial Prefrontal Cortex in Psychotic Disorders. Schizophr Bull 2016; 42:1056-67. [PMID: 26908926 PMCID: PMC4903065 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbw012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Distracting emotional information impairs attention more in schizophrenia (SCZ) than in never-psychotic individuals. However, it is unclear whether this impairment and its neural circuitry is indicative generally of psychosis, or specifically of SCZ, and whether it is even more specific to certain SCZ symptoms (eg, deficit syndrome). It is also unclear if this abnormality contributes to impaired behavioral performance and real-world functioning. Functional imaging data were recorded while individuals with SCZ, bipolar disorder with psychosis (BDP) and no history of psychotic disorders (CON) attended to identity of faces while ignoring their emotional expressions. We examined group differences in functional connectivity between amygdala, involved in emotional evaluation, and sub-regions of medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), involved in emotion regulation and cognitive control. Additionally, we examined correlation of this connectivity with deficit syndrome and real-world functioning. Behaviorally, SCZ showed the worst accuracy when matching the identity of emotional vs neutral faces. Neurally, SCZ showed lower amygdala-MPFC connectivity than BDP and CON. BPD did not differ from CON, neurally or behaviorally. In patients, reduced amygdala-MPFC connectivity during emotional distractors was related to worse emotional vs neutral accuracy, greater deficit syndrome severity, and unemployment. Thus, reduced amygdala-MPFC functional connectivity during emotional distractors reflects a deficit that is specific to SCZ. This reduction in connectivity is associated with worse clinical and real-world functioning. Overall, these findings provide support for the specificity and clinical utility of amygdala-MPFC functional connectivity as a potential neural marker of SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerona Mukherjee
- University of California Davis MIND Institute, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA
| | - Amri Sabharwal
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Roman Kotov
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Akos Szekely
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Ramin Parsey
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Deanna M. Barch
- Departments of Psychology, Psychiatry, and Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Aprajita Mohanty
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY;
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Gur RC, Gur RE. Social cognition as an RDoC domain. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2016; 171B:132-41. [PMID: 26607670 PMCID: PMC4843508 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
While the bulk of research into neural substrates of behavior and psychopathology has focused on cognitive, memory and executive functions, there has been a recent surge of interest in emotion processing and social cognition, manifested in designating Social Cognition as a major RDoC domain. We describe the origins of this field's influence on cognitive neuroscience and highlight the most salient findings leading to the characterization of the "social brain" and the establishments of parameters that quantify normative and aberrant behaviors. Such parameters of behavior and neurobiology are required for a potentially successful RDoC construct, especially if heritability is established, because of the need to link with genomic systems. We proceed to illustrate how a social cognition measure can be used within the RDoC framework by presenting a task of facial emotion identification. We show that performance is sensitive to normative individual differences related to age and sex and to deficits associated with schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. Neuroimaging studies with this task demonstrate that it recruits limbic and frontal regulatory activation in healthy samples as well as abnormalities in psychiatric populations. Evidence for its heritability was documented in genomic family studies and in patients with the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Measures that meet such criteria can help build translational bridges between cellular molecular mechanisms and behavior that elucidate aberrations related to psychopathology. Such links will transcend current diagnostic classifications and ultimately lead to a mechanistically based diagnostic nomenclature. Establishing such bridges will provide the elements necessary for early detection and scientifically grounded intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben C. Gur
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Neuropsychiatry Section, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Raquel E. Gur
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Neuropsychiatry Section, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Trémeau F, Antonius D, Todorov A, Rebani Y, Ferrari K, Lee SH, Calderone D, Nolan KA, Butler P, Malaspina D, Javitt DC. Implicit emotion perception in schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res 2015; 71:112-9. [PMID: 26473695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Explicit but not implicit facial emotion perception has been shown to be impaired in schizophrenia. In this study, we used newly developed technology in social neuroscience to examine implicit emotion processing. It has been shown that when people look at faces, they automatically infer social traits, and these trait judgments rely heavily on facial features and subtle emotion expressions even with neutral faces. Eighty-one individuals with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and 62 control subjects completed a computer task with 30 well-characterized neutral faces. They rated each face on 10 trait judgments: attractive, mean, trustworthy, intelligent, dominant, fun, sociable, aggressive, emotionally stable and weird. The degree to which trait ratings were predicted by objectively-measured subtle emotion expressions served as a measure of implicit emotion processing. Explicit emotion recognition was also examined. Trait ratings were significantly predicted by subtle facial emotional expressions in controls and patients. However, impairment in the implicit emotion perception of fear, happiness, anger and surprise was found in patients. Moreover, these deficits were associated with poorer everyday problem-solving skills and were relatively independent of explicit emotion recognition. Implicit emotion processing is impaired in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Deficits in implicit and explicit emotion perception independently contribute to the patients' poor daily life skills. More research is needed to fully understand the role of implicit and explicit processes in the functional deficits of patients, in order to develop targeted and useful remediation interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Trémeau
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Daniel Antonius
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States; University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Alexander Todorov
- Psychology Department, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Yasmina Rebani
- Institute for Social and Psychiatric Initiatives (InSPIRES), New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kelsey Ferrari
- Institute for Social and Psychiatric Initiatives (InSPIRES), New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sang Han Lee
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States
| | - Daniel Calderone
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States; Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Karen A Nolan
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States; Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Pamela Butler
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States; Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Dolores Malaspina
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Institute for Social and Psychiatric Initiatives (InSPIRES), New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Daniel C Javitt
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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Iwashiro N, Yahata N, Kawamuro Y, Kasai K, Yamasue H. Aberrant interference of auditory negative words on attention in patients with schizophrenia. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83201. [PMID: 24376662 PMCID: PMC3871545 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research suggests that deficits in attention-emotion interaction are implicated in schizophrenia symptoms. Although disruption in auditory processing is crucial in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, deficits in interaction between emotional processing of auditorily presented language stimuli and auditory attention have not yet been clarified. To address this issue, the current study used a dichotic listening task to examine 22 patients with schizophrenia and 24 age-, sex-, parental socioeconomic background-, handedness-, dexterous ear-, and intelligence quotient-matched healthy controls. The participants completed a word recognition task on the attended side in which a word with emotionally valenced content (negative/positive/neutral) was presented to one ear and a different neutral word was presented to the other ear. Participants selectively attended to either ear. In the control subjects, presentation of negative but not positive word stimuli provoked a significantly prolonged reaction time compared with presentation of neutral word stimuli. This interference effect for negative words existed whether or not subjects directed attention to the negative words. This interference effect was significantly smaller in the patients with schizophrenia than in the healthy controls. Furthermore, the smaller interference effect was significantly correlated with severe positive symptoms and delusional behavior in the patients with schizophrenia. The present findings suggest that aberrant interaction between semantic processing of negative emotional content and auditory attention plays a role in production of positive symptoms in schizophrenia. (224 words).
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Affiliation(s)
- Norichika Iwashiro
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (NI); (HY)
| | - Noriaki Yahata
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Global Center of Excellence (COE) Program, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Kawamuro
- Takada-Nishishiro Hospital, Jyoetsu-shi, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- JST, National Bioscience Database Center (NBDC), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidenori Yamasue
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (NI); (HY)
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Tseng HH, Chen SH, Liu CM, Howes O, Huang YL, Hsieh MH, Liu CC, Shan JC, Lin YT, Hwu HG. Facial and prosodic emotion recognition deficits associate with specific clusters of psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66571. [PMID: 23818944 PMCID: PMC3688591 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with schizophrenia perform significantly worse on emotion recognition tasks than healthy participants across several sensory modalities. Emotion recognition abilities are correlated with the severity of clinical symptoms, particularly negative symptoms. However, the relationships between specific deficits of emotion recognition across sensory modalities and the presentation of psychotic symptoms remain unclear. The current study aims to explore how emotion recognition ability across modalities and neurocognitive function correlate with clusters of psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. METHODS 111 participants who met the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia and 70 healthy participants performed on a dual-modality emotion recognition task, the Diagnostic Analysis of Nonverbal Accuracy 2-Taiwan version (DANVA-2-TW), and selected subscales of WAIS-III. Of all, 92 patients received neurocognitive evaluations, including CPT and WCST. These patients also received the PANSS for clinical evaluation of symptomatology. RESULTS The emotion recognition ability of patients with schizophrenia was significantly worse than healthy participants in both facial and vocal modalities, particularly fearful emotion. An inverse correlation was noted between PANSS total score and recognition accuracy for happy emotion. The difficulty of happy emotion recognition and earlier age of onset, together with the perseveration error in WCST predicted total PANSS score. Furthermore, accuracy of happy emotion and the age of onset were the only two significant predictors of delusion/hallucination. All the associations with happy emotion recognition primarily concerned happy prosody. DISCUSSION Deficits in emotional processing in specific categories, i.e. in happy emotion, together with deficit in executive function, may reflect dysfunction of brain systems underlying severity of psychotic symptoms, in particular the positive dimension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai-Hsuan Tseng
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sue-Huei Chen
- Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Min Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Oliver Howes
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yu-Lien Huang
- Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming H. Hsieh
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chung Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Chi Shan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, Dou-Liou City, Yun-Lin, Taiwan
| | - Hai-Gwo Hwu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Ritsner MS, Lisker A, Arbitman M, Grinshpoon A. Factor structure in the Camberwell Assessment of Need-Patient Version: the correlations with dimensions of illness, personality and quality of life of schizophrenia patients. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2012; 66:499-507. [PMID: 23066767 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2012.02383.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the factor structure underlying the Camberwell Assessment of Need-Patient Version (CANSAS-P) items in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. METHOD Factor, correlation and regression analyses were performed for dimensions of CANSAS-P, illness, personality and quality of life (QOL) related variables in 95 stabilized patients with chronic schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. RESULTS Exploratory factor analysis revealed a four-factor model that explains 50.4% of the total variance of the 20 CANSAS-P items. The factors 'Social disability', 'Information processing disability', 'Emotional processing disability', and 'Coping disability' showed acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's α coefficient 0.67-0.77). The CANSAS-P subscale scores positively correlated with severity of symptoms, distress (r ranged from 0.34 to 0.45), while negatively associated with general functioning (r = -0.34), friend (r = -0.46) and family support (r = -0.41), satisfaction with medicine (r = -0.35), general activities (r = -0.40), and general QOL (r = -0.35) (all P < 0.001). Severity of illness, symptoms, emotional distress and emotion-oriented coping were positive predictors; friend support, QOL general activities, life satisfaction and satisfaction with medicine were negative predictors of the CANSAS-P subscale scores. The effect size (f(2)) for these predictors ranged from medium to quite large (f(2) = 0.28-1.13), and they explain from 23% to 46% of the variability in CANSAS-P subscales. CONCLUSIONS A four-factor structure mode, including social and cognitive functioning, emotion responsivity and coping with daily challenges, appears to fit CANSAS-P items. These subscales may contribute to research and improve treatment of psychiatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Ritsner
- Department of Psychiatry, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, and Sha'ar Menashe Mental Health Center, Hadera, Israel.
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Hahn B, Robinson BM, Kaiser ST, Matveeva TM, Harvey AN, Luck SJ, Gold JM. Kraepelin and Bleuler had it right: people with schizophrenia have deficits sustaining attention over time. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 2012; 121:641-8. [PMID: 22686867 DOI: 10.1037/a0028492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
An inability to sustain attention was noted in the original clinical descriptions of schizophrenia, but the vast majority of experimental studies have failed to report a performance decrement over time, calling this observation into question. To test for such deficits when task conditions conform to basic science taxonomy for the validity of sustained attention tasks, a dynamic stimulus array was presented in which targets, differing subtly from standard stimuli, were presented infrequently and unpredictably. Both people with schizophrenia (PSZ, n=40) and healthy control subjects (HCS, n=29) displayed a reduction in hit rate and an increase in reaction time (RT) from the first to the second 5-min period. Thereafter, the hit rate of HCS recovered and remained stable, while that of PSZ continued to decline. When performance at task onset was equated between groups, the decrement over time in PSZ remained of the same robust magnitude. Thus, when the nature of the task challenges sustaining attention over time, PSZ display a clear deficit in this ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Hahn
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21228, USA.
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BARNES SA, YOUNG JW, NEILL JC. Rats tested after a washout period from sub-chronic PCP administration exhibited impaired performance in the 5-Choice Continuous Performance Test (5C-CPT) when the attentional load was increased. Neuropharmacology 2012; 62:1432-41. [PMID: 21569782 PMCID: PMC5870141 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Revised: 04/05/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
It is well documented that schizophrenia patients exhibit dysfunction in various cognitive domains, including attention/vigilance, as demonstrated by impaired performance in the myriad of Continuous Performance Tests (CPTs). NMDA receptor antagonists provide a pharmacological model in animals of the cognitive disruption presented in the disorder. We therefore examined the effects of a sub-chronic PCP treatment regimen (5.0mg/kg 7-days bi-daily) in the recently developed rodent test of vigilance, the 5-Choice Continuous Performance Test (5C-CPT). We assessed the effects of this regimen after at least a 7-day washout period on both baseline performance and when the attentional load was increased. Sub-chronic PCP treatment impaired 5C-CPT performance in a manner consistent with impaired vigilance in patients with schizophrenia, with reduced hit rate and impaired signal sensitivity. These effects were only evident when performance was challenged following parameter manipulations. These data demonstrate that attention/vigilance is sensitive to disruption following sub-chronic PCP treatment in a pre-clinical task that may demonstrate increased analogy to human vigilance tasks. Although the PCP-induced attentional deficits are not as large as those deficits observed in other domains, these data provide evidence that this pharmacological model can affect multiple cognitive domains and may be useful for assessing putative pro-cognitive therapeutics for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A BARNES
- The School of Pharmacy, University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Jared W YOUNG
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0804
| | - Jo C NEILL
- The School of Pharmacy, University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7 1DP, UK
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Interactive effects of background facial emotion stimulus and target salience on sustained attention performance in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2012; 135:90-4. [PMID: 22138050 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2011.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Revised: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia impairs both facial emotion processing and sustained attention. Through separate studies, it is known that the presence of a task-irrelevant facial stimulus disproportionately interferes with performance, whereas increasing the salience of task stimulus improves performance during a sustained attention task in patients with schizophrenia. We wished to investigate a potential interaction effect of background facial emotion expression (black and white happy faces vs. grey oval) and target stimulus salience (bright white vs. grey) using the Continuous Performance Test-Identical Pairs version (CPT-IP) in patients with schizophrenia. Thirty-six patients with schizophrenia and 28 healthy control subjects completed 4 different versions of the CPT-IP. We found that healthy controls exhibited higher signal detection sensitivity (d') when salient target stimuli were presented on the facial background than when the same stimuli were presented on the grey-oval background. By contrast, patients were not affected by background stimuli when target number stimuli were salient. When target number stimuli were not salient, both patients and controls showed higher d' in the grey-oval background condition compared with the facial background condition. This study highlight the significance of stimulus salience during CPT-IP in schizophrenia as background stimuli did not produce a differential effect on performance. Our results suggest that, in the situations where facial emotion stimuli are present, patients' sustained attention can be deteriorated and that the use of salient materials is important in improving performance in schizophrenia.
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Silverstein SM, Keane BP. Vision science and schizophrenia research: toward a re-view of the disorder. Editors' introduction to special section. Schizophr Bull 2011; 37:681-9. [PMID: 21700588 PMCID: PMC3122283 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbr053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This theme section on vision science and schizophrenia research demonstrates that our understanding of the disorder could be significantly accelerated by a greater adoption of the methods of vision science. In this introduction, we briefly describe what vision science is, how it has advanced our understanding of schizophrenia, and what challenges and opportunities lay ahead regarding schizophrenia research. We then summarize the articles that follow. These include reviews of abnormal form perception (perceptual organization and backward masking) and motion processing, and an article on reduced size contrast illusions experienced by hearing but not deaf persons with schizophrenia. These articles reveal that the methods of basic vision research can provide insights into a number of aspects of the disorder, including pathophysiology, development, cognition, social cognition, and phenomenology. Importantly, studies of visual processing in schizophrenia make it clear that there are impairments in the functioning of basic neural mechanisms (e.g., center-surround modulation, contextual modulation of feedforward processing, reentrant processing) that are found throughout the cortex and that are operative in multiple forms of cognitive dysfunction in the illness. Such evidence allows for an updated view of schizophrenia as a condition involving generalized failures in neural network formation and maintenance, as opposed to a primary failure in a higher level factor (e.g., cognitive control) that accounts for all other types of perceptual and cognitive dysfunction. Finally, studies of vision in schizophrenia can identify sensitive probes of neural functioning that can be used as biomarkers of treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M. Silverstein
- Division of Schizophrenia Research, University Behavioral HealthCare, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, 151 Centennial Avenue, Piscataway, NJ 08854,Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ,To whom correspondence should be addressed; tel: 732-235-5149, fax: 732-235-9293, e-mail:
| | - Brian P. Keane
- Division of Schizophrenia Research, University Behavioral HealthCare, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, 151 Centennial Avenue, Piscataway, NJ 08854,Center for Cognitive Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
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