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Vikhanova A, Tibber MS, Mareschal I. Post-migration living difficulties and poor mental health associated with increased interpretation bias for threat. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2024; 77:1154-1168. [PMID: 37477179 PMCID: PMC11103921 DOI: 10.1177/17470218231191442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Previous research has found associations between mental health difficulties and interpretation biases, including heightened interpretation of threat from neutral or ambiguous stimuli. Building on this research, we explored associations between interpretation biases (positive and negative) and three constructs that have been linked to migrant experience: mental health symptoms (Global Severity Index [GSI]), Post-Migration Living Difficulties (PMLD), and Perceived Ethnic Discrimination Questionnaire (PEDQ). Two hundred thirty students who identified as first- (n = 94) or second-generation ethnic minority migrants (n = 68), and first-generation White migrants (n = 68) completed measures of GSI, PEDQ, and PMLD. They also performed an interpretation bias task using Point Light Walkers (PLW), dynamic stimuli with reduced visual input that are easily perceived as humans performing an action. Five categories of PLW were used: four that clearly depicted human forms undertaking positive, neutral, negative, or ambiguous actions, and a fifth that involved scrambled animations with no clear action or form. Participants were asked to imagine their interaction with the stimuli and rate their friendliness (positive interpretation bias) and aggressiveness (interpretation bias for threat). We found that the three groups differed on PEDQ and PMLD, with no significant differences in GSI, and the three measured were positively correlated. Poorer mental health and increased PMLD were associated with a heightened interpretation for threat of scrambled animations only. These findings have implications for understanding of the role of threat biases in mental health and the migrant experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Vikhanova
- Department of Psychology, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Marc S Tibber
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Isabelle Mareschal
- Department of Psychology, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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2
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Sijtsma M, Marjoram D, Gallagher HL, Grealy MA, Brennan D, Mathias C, Cavanagh J, Pollick FE. Major Depression and the Perception of Affective Instrumental and Expressive Gestures: An fMRI Investigation. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2023; 336:111728. [PMID: 37939431 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2023.111728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with biased perception of human movement. Gesture is important for communication and in this study we investigated neural correlates of gesture perception in MDD. We hypothesised different neural activity between individuals with MDD and typical individuals when viewing instrumental and expressive gestures that were negatively or positively valenced. Differences were expected in brain areas associated with gesture perception, including superior temporal, frontal, and emotion processing regions. We recruited 12 individuals with MDD and 12 typical controls matched on age, gender, and handedness. They viewed gestures displayed by stick figures while functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was performed. Results of a random effects three-way mixed ANOVA indicated that individuals with MDD had greater activity in the right claustrum compared to controls, regardless of gesture type or valence. Additionally, we observed main effects of gesture type and valence, regardless of group. Perceiving instrumental compared to expressive gestures was associated with greater activity in the left cuneus and left superior temporal gyrus, while perceiving negative compared to positive gestures was associated with greater activity in the right precuneus and right lingual gyrus. We also observed a two-way interaction between gesture type and valence in various brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Sijtsma
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Dominic Marjoram
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Helen L Gallagher
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Madeleine A Grealy
- Department of Psychological Science and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - David Brennan
- Department of MRI Physics, Imaging Centre of Excellence, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Jonathan Cavanagh
- School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Frank E Pollick
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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3
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Kubon J, Romagnano V, Sokolov AN, Fallgatter AJ, Braun C, Pavlova MA. Neural circuits underpinning face tuning in male depression. Cereb Cortex 2022; 33:3827-3839. [PMID: 35989312 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reading bodies and faces is essential for efficient social interactions, though it may be thought-provoking for individuals with depression. Yet aberrations in the face sensitivity and underwriting neural circuits are not well understood, in particular, in male depression. Here, we use cutting-edge analyses of time course and dynamic topography of gamma oscillatory neuromagnetic cortical activity during administration of a task with Arcimboldo-like images. No difference in face tuning was found between individuals with depression and their neurotypical peers. Furthermore, this behavioral outcome nicely dovetails with magnetoencephalographic data: at early processing stages, the gamma oscillatory response to images resembling a face was rather similar in patients and controls. These bursts originated primarily from the right medioventral occipital cortex and lateral occipital cortex. At later processing stages, however, its topography altered remarkably in depression with profound engagement of the frontal circuits. Yet the primary difference in depressive individuals as compared with their neurotypical peers occurred over the left middle temporal cortices, a part of the social brain, engaged in feature integration and meaning retrieval. The outcome suggests compensatory recruitment of neural resources in male depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Kubon
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Medical School and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Calwerstr. 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Valentina Romagnano
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Medical School and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Calwerstr. 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alexander N Sokolov
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Medical School and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Calwerstr. 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas J Fallgatter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Medical School and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Calwerstr. 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Braun
- MEG Center, Medical School and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Otfried Müller Str. 47, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marina A Pavlova
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Medical School and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Calwerstr. 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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4
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Akinci E, Wieser MO, Vanscheidt S, Diop S, Flasbeck V, Akinci B, Stiller C, Juckel G, Mavrogiorgou P. Impairments of Social Interaction in Depressive Disorder. Psychiatry Investig 2022; 19:178-189. [PMID: 35196828 PMCID: PMC8958205 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2021.0289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite the numerous findings on the altered emotion recognition and dysfunctional social interaction behavior of depressive patients, a lot of the relationships are not clearly clarified. METHODS In this pilot study, 20 depressive patients (mean±SD, 38.4±14.2) and 20 healthy subjects (mean±SD, 38.9±15.3) (each in dyads) were videographed. We then analyzed their social interaction behavior and emotion processing in terms of emotion recognition, their own emotional experience, and the expression of emotions under the conditions of a semi-structured experimental paradigm. RESULTS Patients showed more significant impairment regarding the dimensions of social interaction behavior (i.e., attention, interest, and activity) and their interaction behavior was characterized by neutral affectivity, silence, and avoidance of direct eye contact. This interactive behavioral style was statistically related to depressive psychopathology. There were no differences concerning emotion recognition. CONCLUSION Impairments of non-verbal and verbal social interaction behavior of depressive patients seem to be less associated with disturbances of basic skills of emotion recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erhan Akinci
- Department of Psychiatry, Ruhr-University Bochum, LWL-University Hospital, Bochum, Germany
| | - Max-Oskar Wieser
- Department of Psychiatry, Ruhr-University Bochum, LWL-University Hospital, Bochum, Germany
| | - Simon Vanscheidt
- Department of Psychiatry, Ruhr-University Bochum, LWL-University Hospital, Bochum, Germany
| | - Shirin Diop
- Department of Psychiatry, Ruhr-University Bochum, LWL-University Hospital, Bochum, Germany
| | - Vera Flasbeck
- Department of Psychiatry, Ruhr-University Bochum, LWL-University Hospital, Bochum, Germany
| | - Burhan Akinci
- Department of Psychiatry, Ruhr-University Bochum, LWL-University Hospital, Bochum, Germany
| | - Cora Stiller
- Department of Psychiatry, Ruhr-University Bochum, LWL-University Hospital, Bochum, Germany
| | - Georg Juckel
- Department of Psychiatry, Ruhr-University Bochum, LWL-University Hospital, Bochum, Germany
| | - Paraskevi Mavrogiorgou
- Department of Psychiatry, Ruhr-University Bochum, LWL-University Hospital, Bochum, Germany
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Hümmer K, Coenen J, Konstantinidis I, Lausberg H, Helmich I. Impaired recognition of nonverbal expressions of emotions in depressed individuals. Psychiatry Res 2021; 302:114031. [PMID: 34098159 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Depressive individuals are impaired in the recognition of emotions in others'. Recent research suggests that the recognition of nonverbal expressions of emotions in other people may depend on the analysis of bodily rather than facial expressions. Therefore, we investigated if an impaired recognition of emotions by depressed individuals is body part specific. METHODS Clinically diagnosed depressed and healthy matched controls were instructed to identify nonverbal expressions of positive (happiness), neutral, and negative emotions (sadness) via the face, the body, or the body and face. RESULTS Depressed participants responded significantly less correctly overall when compared to non-depressed individuals. The recognition of nonverbal expressions of happiness by the body negatively predicted the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) score. DISCUSSION The data revealed that the impaired recognition of nonverbal expressions of emotions in others by depressed individuals is not body part specific. Nevertheless, depressive symptoms seem to be related to the recognition of bodily expressions of happiness. Future studies must address whether impairments of depressive individuals are related to nonverbal expressions of the whole body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Hümmer
- Department of Neurology, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychiatry, Institute of Health Promotion and Clinical Movement Science, German Sport University (GSU) Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany; Klinik Bethesda Tschugg, Oberdorf, 3233 Tschugg, Switzerland
| | - Jessica Coenen
- Department of Neurology, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychiatry, Institute of Health Promotion and Clinical Movement Science, German Sport University (GSU) Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany; Department of Sports and Health, Institute of Sports Medicine, Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Ippokrates Konstantinidis
- Department of Neurology, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychiatry, Institute of Health Promotion and Clinical Movement Science, German Sport University (GSU) Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Hedda Lausberg
- Department of Neurology, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychiatry, Institute of Health Promotion and Clinical Movement Science, German Sport University (GSU) Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Ingo Helmich
- Department of Neurology, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychiatry, Institute of Health Promotion and Clinical Movement Science, German Sport University (GSU) Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany.
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6
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Van den Bossche C, Wolf D, Rekittke LM, Mittelberg I, Mathiak K. Judgmental perception of co-speech gestures in MDD. J Affect Disord 2021; 291:46-56. [PMID: 34023747 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.04.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive bias in depression may increase sensitivity to judgmental appraisal of communicative cues. Nonverbal communication encompassing co-speech gestures is crucial for social functioning and is perceived differentially by men and women, however, little is known about the effect of depression on the perception of appraisal. We investigate if a cognitive bias influences the perception of appraisal and judgement of nonverbal communication in major depressive disorder (MDD). During watching videos of speakers retelling a story and gesticulating, 22 patients with MDD and 22 matched healthy controls pressed a button when they perceived the speaker as appraising in a positive or negative way. The speakers were presented in four different conditions (with and without speech and with natural speaker or as stick-figures) to evaluate context effects. Inter-subject covariance (ISC) of the button-press time series measured consistency across the groups of the response pattern depending on the factors diagnosis and gender. Significant effects emerged for the factors diagnosis (p = .002), gender (p = .007), and their interaction (p < .001). The female healthy controls perceived the gestures more consistently appraising than male controls, the female patients, and male patients whereas the latter three groups did not differ. Further, the ISC measure for consistency correlated negatively with depression severity. The natural speaker video without audio speech yielded the highest responses consistency. Indeed co-speech gestures may drive these ISC effects because number of gestures but not facial shrugs correlated with ISC amplitude. During co-speech gestures, a cognitive bias led to disturbed perception of appraisal in MDD for females. Social communication is critical for functional outcomes in mental disorders; thus perception of gestural communication is important in rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dhana Wolf
- Dept. Psychiatry, Psychosomatik and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University
| | | | - Irene Mittelberg
- Dept. Linguistics and Cognitive Semiotics, RWTH Aachen University
| | - Klaus Mathiak
- Dept. Psychiatry, Psychosomatik and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University; Translational Brain Research, Jülich Aachen Research Alliance.
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7
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Kubon J, Sokolov AN, Popp R, Fallgatter AJ, Pavlova MA. Face Tuning in Depression. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:2574-2585. [PMID: 33350440 PMCID: PMC7799219 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The latest COVID-19 pandemic reveals that unexpected changes elevate depression bringing people apart, but also calling for social sharing. Yet the impact of depression on social cognition and functioning is not well understood. Assessment of social cognition is crucial not only for a better understanding of major depressive disorder (MDD), but also for screening, intervention, and remediation. Here by applying a novel experimental tool, a Face-n-Food task comprising a set of images bordering on the Giuseppe Arcimboldo style, we assessed the face tuning in patients with MDD and person-by-person matched controls. The key benefit of these images is that single components do not trigger face processing. Contrary to common beliefs, the outcome indicates that individuals with depression express intact face responsiveness. Yet, while in depression face sensitivity is tied with perceptual organization, in typical development, it is knotted with social cognition capabilities. Face tuning in depression, therefore, may rely upon altered behavioral strategies and underwriting brain mechanisms. To exclude a possible camouflaging effect of female social skills, we examined gender impact. Neither in depression nor in typical individuals had females excelled in face tuning. The outcome sheds light on the origins of the face sensitivity and alterations in social functioning in depression and mental well-being at large. Aberrant social functioning in depression is likely to be the result of deeply-rooted maladaptive strategies rather than of poor sensitivity to social signals. This has implications for mental well-being under the current pandemic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Kubon
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alexander N Sokolov
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rebecca Popp
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas J Fallgatter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,LEAD Graduate School & Research Network, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders (DZNE), Medical School and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marina A Pavlova
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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8
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Schenkel LS, Towne TL. Errors in identifying emotion in body postures and facial expressions among pediatric patients with bipolar disorder. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2020; 42:735-746. [DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2020.1799946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay S. Schenkel
- Department of Psychology, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Terra L. Towne
- Department of Psychology, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA
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9
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Isernia S, Sokolov AN, Fallgatter AJ, Pavlova MA. Untangling the Ties Between Social Cognition and Body Motion: Gender Impact. Front Psychol 2020; 11:128. [PMID: 32116932 PMCID: PMC7016199 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We proved the viability of the general hypothesis that biological motion (BM) processing serves as a hallmark of social cognition. We assumed that BM processing and inferring emotions through BM (body language reading) are firmly linked and examined whether this tie is gender-specific. Healthy females and males completed two tasks with the same set of point-light BM displays portraying angry and neutral locomotion of female and male actors. For one task, perceivers had to indicate actor gender, while for the other, they had to infer the emotional content of locomotion. Thus, with identical visual input, we directed task demands either to BM processing or inferring of emotion. This design allows straight comparison between sensitivity to BM and recognition of emotions conveyed by the same BM. In addition, perceivers were administered a set of photographs from the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET), with which they identified either emotional state or actor gender. Although there were no gender differences in performance on BM tasks, a tight link occurred between recognition accuracy of emotions and gender through BM in males. In females only, body language reading (both accuracy and response time) was associated with performance on the RMET. The outcome underscores gender-specific modes in visual social cognition and triggers investigation of body language reading in a wide range of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Isernia
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
- CADITeR, IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Milan, Italy
| | - Alexander N. Sokolov
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas J. Fallgatter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marina A. Pavlova
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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10
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Investigating Emotion in Malay, Australian and Iranian Individuals with and without Depression. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18344. [PMID: 31797979 PMCID: PMC6892853 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54775-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of culture and depression on (1) emotion priming reactions, (2) the recall of subjective experience of emotion, and (3) emotion meaning. Members of individualistic culture (Australia, n = 42) and collectivistic culture (Iran, n = 32, Malaysia, n = 74) with and without depression completed a biological motion task, subjective experience questionnaire and emotion meaning questionnaire. Those with depression, regardless of cultural group, provided significantly fewer correct responses on the biological motion task than the control group. Second, the collectivistic control groups reported greater social engaging emotion than the Australian control group. However, the three depressed groups did not differ culturally. The Australian depressed group reported significantly greater interpersonally engaging emotion than the Australian control group. Third, the collectivistic groups reported significantly greater social worth, belief changes and sharing of emotion than the individualistic group. Depression did not influence these cultural effects. Instead we found that those with depression, when compared to controls, considered emotions as subjective phenomena, that were qualifying for relationships with others, and associated with greater agency appraisals. The applicability of the biocultural framework of emotion in depression was considered.
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Hauger LE, Sagoe D, Vaskinn A, Arnevik EA, Leknes S, Jørstad ML, Bjørnebekk A. Anabolic androgenic steroid dependence is associated with impaired emotion recognition. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:2667-2676. [PMID: 30941469 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05239-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Illicit use of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) has grown into a serious public health concern throughout the Western World. AAS use is associated with adverse medical, psychological, and social consequences. Around 30% of AAS users develop a dependence syndrome with sustained use despite adverse side effects. AAS dependence is associated with a high frequency of intra- and interpersonal problems, and it is central to identify factors related to the development and maintenance of dependence. METHODS The present study investigated the ability to recognize emotion from biological motion. The emotional biological motion task was administered to male AAS dependent users (AAS dependents; n = 45), AAS non-dependent users (AAS non-dependents; n = 38) and a comparison-group of non-using weightlifters (non-users; n = 69). RESULTS Multivariate analysis of variance showed a general impairment in emotion recognition in AAS dependents, compared to the non-using weightlifters, whereas no significant impairment was observed in AAS non-dependents. Furthermore, AAS dependents showed impaired recognition of fearful stimuli compared to both AAS non-dependents and non-using weightlifters. The between-group effect remained significant after controlling for Intelligence Quotient (IQ), past 6 months of non-AAS drug use, antisocial personality problems, anxiety, and depression. CONCLUSION AAS dependents show impaired emotion recognition from body movement, fear in particular, which could potentially contribute to higher frequency of interpersonal problems and antisocial behaviors in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa E Hauger
- The Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Research Group, National Advisory Unit on Substance Use Disorder Treatment, the Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Postbox 4959, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Dominic Sagoe
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anja Vaskinn
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Espen A Arnevik
- The Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Research Group, National Advisory Unit on Substance Use Disorder Treatment, the Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Postbox 4959, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Siri Leknes
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marie L Jørstad
- The Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Research Group, National Advisory Unit on Substance Use Disorder Treatment, the Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Postbox 4959, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Astrid Bjørnebekk
- The Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Research Group, National Advisory Unit on Substance Use Disorder Treatment, the Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Postbox 4959, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
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12
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Weightman MJ, Knight MJ, Baune BT. A systematic review of the impact of social cognitive deficits on psychosocial functioning in major depressive disorder and opportunities for therapeutic intervention. Psychiatry Res 2019; 274:195-212. [PMID: 30807971 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Social cognition is the ability to identify, perceive and interpret socially relevant information from the external world. It is an important adaptive trait, but is frequently affected in major depressive disorder by a mood-congruent interpretive bias. The present review examined the existing body of literature to determine (i) the impact social cognitive deficits in depression have on psychosocial functioning; and (ii) the utility of psychotropic, psychological and procedural interventions employed to target these deficits. A total of 107 studies met inclusion criteria for review. Social cognitive performance was found to adversely impact depressed patients' psychosocial functioning across the key domains of general cognitive functioning and quality of life. Secondly, many current therapies were found to have a normalising effect on the social cognitive abilities of subjects with major depressive disorder, both at a neural and functional level. In particular, certain anti-depressant medications corrected facial affect recognition deficits, while several psychotherapeutic approaches improved impairments in theory of mind and negative interpretive bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael James Weightman
- Discipline of Psychiatry, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.
| | - Matthew James Knight
- Discipline of Psychiatry, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.
| | - Bernhard Theodor Baune
- Discipline of Psychiatry, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
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13
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Okruszek Ł. It Is Not Just in Faces! Processing of Emotion and Intention from Biological Motion in Psychiatric Disorders. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:48. [PMID: 29472852 PMCID: PMC5809469 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Social neuroscience offers a wide range of techniques that may be applied to study the social cognitive deficits that may underlie reduced social functioning—a common feature across many psychiatric disorders. At the same time, a significant proportion of research in this area has been conducted using paradigms that utilize static displays of faces or eyes. The use of point-light displays (PLDs) offers a viable alternative for studying recognition of emotion or intention inference while minimizing the amount of information presented to participants. This mini-review aims to summarize studies that have used PLD to study emotion and intention processing in schizophrenia (SCZ), affective disorders, anxiety and personality disorders, eating disorders and neurodegenerative disorders. Two main conclusions can be drawn from the reviewed studies: first, the social cognitive problems found in most of the psychiatric samples using PLD were of smaller magnitude than those found in studies presenting social information using faces or voices. Second, even though the information presented in PLDs is extremely limited, presentation of these types of stimuli is sufficient to elicit the disorder-specific, social cognitive biases (e.g., mood-congruent bias in depression, increased threat perception in anxious individuals, aberrant body size perception in eating disorders) documented using other methodologies. Taken together, these findings suggest that point-light stimuli may be a useful method of studying social information processing in psychiatry. At the same time, some limitations of using this methodology are also outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Okruszek
- Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Okruszek Ł, Pilecka I. Biological motion processing in schizophrenia - Systematic review and meta-analysis. Schizophr Res 2017; 190:3-10. [PMID: 28285029 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Patients with schizophrenia show impairments in processing of biological motion. This is especially important since deficits in domains of social cognition has been associated with functional outcome and everyday functioning in this population. OBJECTIVES We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies which have used point-light displays to present whole-body motion to patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls, to evaluate the magnitude of differences between these groups in biological motion processing. METHOD Firstly, relevant publications were identified by a systematic search of Google Scholar and PubMed databases. Secondly, we excluded non-relevant studies for the meta-analysis according to our exclusion criteria. Effect sizes were expressed as standardized mean difference (SMD). RESULTS 15 papers reporting results of 14 different experiments with 571 patients and 482 controls were included in the meta-analysis. The results for the general biological motion perception analysis revealed that patients with schizophrenia (compared with healthy controls) present reduced biological motion processing capacity with the effect size (SMD) of 0.66 (95% CI, -0.79 to -0.54; p<0.001). The results for the specific biological motion-based tasks were also statistically significant with SMD of 0.72 for Basic Biological Motion task (95% CI: -0.94 to -0.51; p<0.001) and SMD of 0.61 for Emotion in Biological Motion task, (95% CI: -0.79 to -0.43; p<0.001) respectively. CONCLUSION The findings from our meta-analysis highlight abnormalities in general and specific domains of biological motion perception in schizophrenia patients as compared with healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Okruszek
- Clinical Neuroscience Lab, Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Izabela Pilecka
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
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Vaskinn A, Lagerberg TV, Bjella TD, Simonsen C, Andreassen OA, Ueland T, Sundet K. Impairment in emotion perception from body movements in individuals with bipolar I and bipolar II disorder is associated with functional capacity. Int J Bipolar Disord 2017; 5:13. [PMID: 28332121 PMCID: PMC5433954 DOI: 10.1186/s40345-017-0083-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Individuals with bipolar disorder present with moderate impairments in social cognition during the euthymic state. The impairment extends to theory of mind and to the perception of emotion in faces and voices, but it is unclear if emotion perception from body movements is affected. The main aim of this study was to examine if participants with bipolar disorder perform worse than healthy control participants on a task using point-light displays of human full figures moving in a manner indicative of a basic emotion (angry, happy, sad, fearful, neutral/no emotion). A secondary research question was whether diagnostic subtypes (bipolar I, bipolar II) and history of psychosis impacted on this type of emotion perception. Finally, symptomatic, neurocognitive, and functional correlates of emotion perception from body movements were investigated. Methods Fifty-three individuals with bipolar I (n = 29) or bipolar II (n = 24) disorder, and 84 healthy control participants were assessed for emotion perception from body movements. The bipolar group also underwent clinical, cognitive, and functional assessment. Research questions were analyzed using analyses of variance and bivariate correlations. Results The bipolar disorder group differed significantly from healthy control participants for emotion perception from body movements (Cohen’s d = 0.40). Analyses of variance yielded no effects of sex, diagnostic subtype (bipolar I, bipolar II), or history of psychosis. There was an effect of emotion, indicating that some emotions are easier to recognize. The lack of a significant group × emotion interaction effect points, however, to this being so regardless of the presence of bipolar disorder. Performance was unrelated to manic and depressive symptom load but showed significant associations with neurocognition and functional capacity. Conclusions Individuals with bipolar disorder had a small but significant impairment in the ability to perceive emotions from body movement. The impairment was global, i.e., affecting all emotions and equally present for males and females. The impairment was associated with neurocognition and functional capacity, but not symptom load. Our findings identify pathopsychological factors underlying the functional impairment in bipolar disorder and suggest the consideration of social cognition training as part of the treatment for bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Vaskinn
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1094, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway. .,NORMENT KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Trine Vik Lagerberg
- NORMENT KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas D Bjella
- NORMENT KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Carmen Simonsen
- NORMENT KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Early Intervention in Psychosis Advisory Unit, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Mental Health and Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torill Ueland
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1094, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway.,NORMENT KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil Sundet
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1094, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway.,NORMENT KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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16
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Cebula KR, Wishart JG, Willis DS, Pitcairn TK. Emotion Recognition in Children With Down Syndrome: Influence of Emotion Label and Expression Intensity. AMERICAN JOURNAL ON INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2017; 122:138-155. [PMID: 28257244 DOI: 10.1352/1944-7558-122.2.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Some children with Down syndrome may experience difficulties in recognizing facial emotions, particularly fear, but it is not clear why, nor how such skills can best be facilitated. Using a photo-matching task, emotion recognition was tested in children with Down syndrome, children with nonspecific intellectual disability and cognitively matched, typically developing children (all groups N = 21) under four conditions: veridical vs. exaggerated emotions and emotion-labelling vs. generic task instructions. In all groups, exaggerating emotions facilitated recognition accuracy and speed, with emotion labelling facilitating recognition accuracy. Overall accuracy and speed did not differ in the children with Down syndrome, although recognition of fear was poorer than in the typically developing children and unrelated to emotion label use. Implications for interventions are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie R Cebula
- Katie R. Cebula, University of Edinburgh, School of Education
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Mohan SN, Mukhtar F, Jobson L. Protocol for a between-group experimental study examining cultural differences in emotion processing between Malay and Caucasian adults with and without major depressive disorder. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e012774. [PMID: 27798019 PMCID: PMC5093675 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Depression is a mood disorder that affects a significant proportion of the population worldwide. In Malaysia and Australia, the number of people diagnosed with depression is on the rise. It has been found that impairments in emotion processing and emotion regulation play a role in the development and maintenance of depression. This study is based on Matsumoto and Hwang's biocultural model of emotion and Triandis' Subjective Culture model. It aims to investigate the influence of culture on emotion processing among Malaysians and Australians with and without major depressive disorder (MDD). METHODS AND ANALYSIS This study will adopt a between-group design. Participants will include Malaysian Malays and Caucasian Australians with and without MDD (N=320). There will be four tasks involved in this study, namely: (1) the facial emotion recognition task, (2) the biological motion task, (3) the subjective experience task and (4) the emotion meaning task. It is hypothesised that there will be cultural differences in how participants with and without MDD respond to these emotion tasks and that, pan-culturally, MDD will influence accuracy rates in the facial emotion recognition task and the biological motion task. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study is approved by the Universiti Putra Malaysia Research Ethics Committee (JKEUPM) and the Monash University Human Research Ethics Committee (MUHREC). Permission to conduct the study has also been obtained from the National Medical Research Register (NMRR; NMRR-15-2314-26919). On completion of the study, data will be kept by Universiti Putra Malaysia for a specific period of time before they are destroyed. Data will be published in a collective manner in the form of journal articles with no reference to a specific individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Mohan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - F Mukhtar
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - L Jobson
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University Clayton Campus, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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18
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Bekele E, Bian D, Peterman J, Park S, Sarkar N. Design of a Virtual Reality System for Affect Analysis in Facial Expressions (VR-SAAFE); Application to Schizophrenia. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2016; 25:739-749. [PMID: 27429438 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2016.2591556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a life-long, debilitating psychotic disorder with poor outcome that affects about 1% of the population. Although pharmacotherapy can alleviate some of the acute psychotic symptoms, residual social impairments present a significant barrier that prevents successful rehabilitation. With limited resources and access to social skills training opportunities, innovative technology has emerged as a potentially powerful tool for intervention. In this paper, we present a novel virtual reality (VR)-based system for understanding facial emotion processing impairments that may lead to poor social outcome in schizophrenia. We henceforth call it a VR System for Affect Analysis in Facial Expressions (VR-SAAFE). This system integrates a VR-based task presentation platform that can minutely control facial expressions of an avatar with or without accompanying verbal interaction, with an eye-tracker to quantitatively measure a participants real-time gaze and a set of physiological sensors to infer his/her affective states to allow in-depth understanding of the emotion recognition mechanism of patients with schizophrenia based on quantitative metrics. A usability study with 12 patients with schizophrenia and 12 healthy controls was conducted to examine processing of the emotional faces. Preliminary results indicated that there were significant differences in the way patients with schizophrenia processed and responded towards the emotional faces presented in the VR environment compared with healthy control participants. The preliminary results underscore the utility of such a VR-based system that enables precise and quantitative assessment of social skill deficits in patients with schizophrenia.
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19
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Social functioning in major depressive disorder. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 69:313-32. [PMID: 27395342 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Depression is associated with social risk factors, social impairments and poor social functioning. This paper gives an overview of these social aspects using the NIMH Research and Domain Criteria 'Systems for Social Processes' as a framework. In particular, it describes the bio-psycho-social interplay regarding impaired affiliation and attachment (social anhedonia, hyper-sensitivity to social rejection, competition avoidance, increased altruistic punishment), impaired social communication (impaired emotion recognition, diminished cooperativeness), impaired social perception (reduced empathy, theory-of-mind deficits) and their impact on social networks and the use of social media. It describes these dysfunctional social processes at the behavioural, neuroanatomical, neurochemical and genetic levels, and with respect to animal models of social stress. We discuss the diagnostic specificity of these social deficit constructs for depression and in relation to depression severity. Since social factors are importantly involved in the pathogenesis and the consequences of depression, such research will likely contribute to better diagnostic assessments and concepts, treatments and preventative strategies both at the diagnostic and transdiagnostic level.
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20
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Sullivan SA, Hollen L, Wren Y, Thompson AD, Lewis G, Zammit S. A longitudinal investigation of childhood communication ability and adolescent psychotic experiences in a community sample. Schizophr Res 2016; 173:54-61. [PMID: 26972475 PMCID: PMC4847740 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some childhood speech and language impairments precede psychosis but it is not clear whether they also precede adolescent psychotic experiences and whether this association is specific to psychotic experiences. METHODS Pragmatic language and expressive speech and language (parent-assessed using the Children's Communication Checklist) at age 9 and psychotic experiences and depression at ages 12 and 18 were investigated in 7659 participants from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Associations were investigated using multivariate modelling. RESULTS Poorer pragmatic language at 9years was associated with psychotic experiences at both ages (12years OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.11, 1.34; 18years OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.10, 1.41) but only with depression at 18years (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.00, 1.22). Poorer expressive speech and language ability was not associated with psychotic experiences or depression at either age. There was evidence that pragmatic language was specifically associated with psychotic experiences at age 12 but no evidence that the strength of any of the associations changed over time. CONCLUSIONS Deficits in pragmatic language precede early and late adolescent psychotic experiences and early adolescent depression. Interventions aimed at helping children improve pragmatic language skills may reduce the incidence of adolescent psychopathology and associated psychological disorder and dysfunction later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Sullivan
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK; CLAHRC West, Whitefriars, Lewins Mead, Bristol, UK.
| | - Linda Hollen
- Centre for Child and Adolescent Health, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK.
| | - Yvonne Wren
- Bristol Speech and Language Therapy Research Unit, North Bristol NHS Trust, Frenchay Hospital, Bristol, UK.
| | - Andrew D Thompson
- Division of Mental Health and Wellbeing, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
| | - Glyn Lewis
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London Charles Bell House, Gower St, London, UK.
| | - Stan Zammit
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK; Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cardiff, Haydn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff, UK.
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Geisner IM, Kirk JL, Mittmann AJ, Kilmer JR, Larimer ME. College Students' Perceptions of Depressed Mood: Exploring Accuracy and Associations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 46:375-383. [PMID: 26500389 DOI: 10.1037/pro0000039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
College is a time of high risk for depressed mood. Theories about depression (i.e. Cognitive Theory and Depressive Realism theory) are well researched, but suggest different venues of understanding the cognitive underpinnings of mood. In addition, much research is available about normative perceptions around substance use and how those perceptions relate to behaviors. However, there are no studies examining normative perceptions around depressed mood nor how these perceptions may relate to students' own well-being. Undergraduates (N=1577) ages 18-24 responded to an online survey as part of a larger study on drinking and depressed mood. The survey assessed symptoms of depression and feelings of sadness, depression and suicidal ideation experienced in the past 2 weeks, as well as students' perceptions of the prevalence of these feelings among other students. Rates of sadness and depression reported in the sample were relatively high; whereas rates of reported suicidal ideation were low. Most students under-estimated the prevalence of sadness and depression experienced by other students; a finding that was especially true for male students. Conversely, most students over-estimated the prevalence of suicidal ideation. Students who reported experiencing a given feeling in the past two weeks perceived greater rates of the feeling among other students. Depression symptoms were associated with both greater perceived prevalence of sadness, depression and suicidal ideation, as well as correct and over-estimates of the prevalence of sadness and depression. Implications for future directions in prevention and interventions efforts are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene M Geisner
- Center for the Study of Health and Risk Behaviors, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, 1100 NE 45th Street, Suite 300, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Jennifer L Kirk
- Center for the Study of Health and Risk Behaviors, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, 1100 NE 45th Street, Suite 300, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Angela J Mittmann
- Center for the Study of Health and Risk Behaviors, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, 1100 NE 45th Street, Suite 300, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Jason R Kilmer
- Center for the Study of Health and Risk Behaviors, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, 1100 NE 45th Street, Suite 300, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Mary E Larimer
- Center for the Study of Health and Risk Behaviors, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, 1100 NE 45th Street, Suite 300, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
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Doose-Grünefeld S, Eickhoff SB, Müller VI. Audiovisual emotional processing and neurocognitive functioning in patients with depression. Front Integr Neurosci 2015; 9:3. [PMID: 25688188 PMCID: PMC4311605 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2015.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the processing of emotional stimuli (e.g., facial expressions, prosody, music) have repeatedly been reported in patients with major depression. Such impairments may result from the likewise prevalent executive deficits in these patients. However, studies investigating this relationship are rare. Moreover, most studies to date have only assessed impairments in unimodal emotional processing, whereas in real life, emotions are primarily conveyed through more than just one sensory channel. The current study therefore aimed at investigating multi-modal emotional processing in patients with depression and to assess the relationship between emotional and neurocognitive impairments. Fourty one patients suffering from major depression and 41 never-depressed healthy controls participated in an audiovisual (faces-sounds) emotional integration paradigm as well as a neurocognitive test battery. Our results showed that depressed patients were specifically impaired in the processing of positive auditory stimuli as they rated faces significantly more fearful when presented with happy than with neutral sounds. Such an effect was absent in controls. Findings in emotional processing in patients did not correlate with Beck's depression inventory score. Furthermore, neurocognitive findings revealed significant group differences for two of the tests. The effects found in audiovisual emotional processing, however, did not correlate with performance in the neurocognitive tests. In summary, our results underline the diversity of impairments going along with depression and indicate that deficits found for unimodal emotional processing cannot trivially be generalized to deficits in a multi-modal setting. The mechanisms of impairments therefore might be far more complex than previously thought. Our findings furthermore contradict the assumption that emotional processing deficits in major depression are associated with impaired attention or inhibitory functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Doose-Grünefeld
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorf, Germany
| | - Simon B. Eickhoff
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Research Centre JülichJülich, Germany
| | - Veronika I. Müller
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Research Centre JülichJülich, Germany
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Williamson KE, Jakobson LS, Saunders DR, Troje NF. Local and global aspects of biological motion perception in children born at very low birth weight. Child Neuropsychol 2014; 21:603-28. [PMID: 25103588 PMCID: PMC4566871 DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2014.945407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Biological motion perception can be assessed using a variety of tasks. In the present study, 8- to 11-year-old children born prematurely at very low birth weight (<1500 g) and matched, full-term controls completed tasks that required the extraction of local motion cues, the ability to perceptually group these cues to extract information about body structure, and the ability to carry out higher order processes required for action recognition and person identification. Preterm children exhibited difficulties in all 4 aspects of biological motion perception. However, intercorrelations between test scores were weak in both full-term and preterm children--a finding that supports the view that these processes are relatively independent. Preterm children also displayed more autistic-like traits than full-term peers. In preterm (but not full-term) children, these traits were negatively correlated with performance in the task requiring structure-from-motion processing, r(30) = -.36, p < .05), but positively correlated with the ability to extract identity, r(30) = .45, p < .05). These findings extend previous reports of vulnerability in systems involved in processing dynamic cues in preterm children and suggest that a core deficit in social perception/cognition may contribute to the development of the social and behavioral difficulties even in members of this population who are functioning within the normal range intellectually. The results could inform the development of screening, diagnostic, and intervention tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. E. Williamson
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, WinnipegMB, Canada
| | - L. S. Jakobson
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, WinnipegMB, Canada
| | - D. R. Saunders
- Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, KingstonON, Canada
| | - N. F. Troje
- Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, KingstonON, Canada
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Peschard V, Maurage P, Philippot P. Towards a cross-modal perspective of emotional perception in social anxiety: review and future directions. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:322. [PMID: 24860488 PMCID: PMC4030159 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The excessive fear of being negatively evaluated constitutes a central component of social anxiety (SA). Models posit that selective attention to threat and biased interpretations of ambiguous stimuli contribute to the maintenance of this psychopathology. There is strong support for the existence of processing biases but most of the available evidence comes from face research. Emotions are, however, not only conveyed through facial cues, but also through other channels, such as vocal and postural cues. These non-facial cues have yet received much less attention. We therefore plead for a cross-modal investigation of biases in SA. We argue that the inclusion of new modalities may be an efficient research tool to (1) address the specificity or generalizability of these biases; (2) offer an insight into the potential influence of SA on cross-modal processes; (3) operationalize emotional ambiguity by manipulating cross-modal emotional congruency; (4) inform the debate about the role of top-down and bottom-up factors in biasing attention; and (5) probe the cross-modal generalizability of cognitive training. Theoretical and clinical implications as well as potential fruitful avenues for research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Peschard
- Laboratory for Experimental Psychopathology, Institute of Psychology, Université Catholique de Louvain Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Pierre Maurage
- Laboratory for Experimental Psychopathology, Institute of Psychology, Université Catholique de Louvain Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Pierre Philippot
- Laboratory for Experimental Psychopathology, Institute of Psychology, Université Catholique de Louvain Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Social cognition represents a fundamental skill for effective social behavior. It is nowadays widely accepted that individuals suffering from serious mental illness are impaired in this domain. RECENT FINDINGS Studies published since June 2012 have been reviewed, with a particular focus on theory of mind, social perception, social knowledge, attributional bias, and emotion processing in patients suffering from schizophrenia and mood disorders. SUMMARY The reviewed literature supports previous studies on deficits in social cognition in schizophrenia, major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder, and underscores their relevance in the psychosocial context.
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