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Fernandez DK, Singh S, Deane FP, Vella SA. Exploring Continuum and Categorical Conceptualisations of Mental Health and Mental Illness on Australian Websites: A Systematic Review and Content Analysis. Community Ment Health J 2023; 59:275-289. [PMID: 35994182 PMCID: PMC9859906 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-022-01005-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
It is important to explore the types of conceptualisations and causes presented in online mental health promotion given the implications that these presentations may have on mental health stigma. This study systematically reviewed 92 Australian webpages focused on either mental health, mental illness, depression, or schizophrenia, to explore the types of conceptualisations and aetiologies presented. A minority of mental health and mental illness webpages (n = 8, 8.70%) explicitly presented continuum conceptualisations, with none providing explicit categorical conceptualisations. No depression or schizophrenia webpages presented explicit conceptualisations of any kind. All four webpage foci had a greater proportion of continuum than categorical conceptualisations. Moreover, both depression and schizophrenia webpages presented many mixed conceptualisations which included both continuum and categorical messaging. Most webpages mentioned biological and social causes equally across webpage foci. These findings suggest that Australian mental health websites predominantly present continuum conceptualisations of mental health and mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic K. Fernandez
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia
| | - Saniya Singh
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia
| | - Frank P. Deane
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia
| | - Stewart A. Vella
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia
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2
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Wimalaratne IK, McCarthy J, Broekman BFP, Nauta K, Kathriarachchi S, Wickramasinghe A, Merkin A, Kursakov A, Gross R, Amsalem D, Wang X, Wang J, de Rosalmeida Dantas C, de Carvalho Pereira V, Menkes D. General hospital specialists' attitudes toward psychiatry: a cross-sectional survey in seven countries. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e054173. [PMID: 34750150 PMCID: PMC8576472 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Psychiatric comorbidities are common in physical illness and significantly affect health outcomes. Attitudes of general hospital doctors toward psychiatry are important as they influence referral patterns and quality of care. Little is known about these attitudes and their cultural correlates. The aim of this study was to identify attitudes toward psychiatry among general hospital specialists in relation to culture of the practice setting and other clinician factors (gender, age, seniority and specialty). METHODS A cross-sectional, descriptive study was carried out in seven countries (New Zealand, China, Sri Lanka, Russia, Israel, Brazil, the Netherlands). Data were collected from senior medical staff of various disciplines using an updated version of Mayou and Smith's (1986) self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS A total of 889 hospital doctors participated. While favourable attitudes toward both psychiatric consultation and management were endorsed by a majority, significant differences were also observed between countries. Subgroup differences were mostly confined to gender, acuity of practice setting and specialty. For example, female doctors in Russia (χ2=7.7, p=0.0056), China (χ2=9.2, p=0.0025) and the Netherlands (χ2=5.7, p=0.0174) endorsed more positive attitudes compared with their male counterparts, but this gender effect was not replicated in the total sample. Chronic care specialists were overall more inclined to manage patients' emotional problems compared with those working in acute care (χ2=70.8, p (adjusted)<0.0001), a significant finding seen also in individual countries (China, New Zealand, the Netherlands, Russia). Physicians were more favourably disposed toward psychiatry compared with other specialists, especially surgeons, in all countries except Israel. CONCLUSIONS This study adds to evidence for the association of medical attitudes with individual clinician factors and demonstrates that the influence of these factors varies by country. Understanding these issues may help to overcome barriers and improve quality of care provided to general hospital patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inoka Koshali Wimalaratne
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jane McCarthy
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Birit F P Broekman
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, OLVG, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Klaas Nauta
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Anuprabha Wickramasinghe
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka
| | - Alexander Merkin
- National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurosciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
- Centre for Precise Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Kaufbeuren, Germany
| | - Alexander Kursakov
- National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology, Ministry of Healthcare Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Raz Gross
- Division of Psychiatry, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventative Medicine and Department of Psychiatry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Doron Amsalem
- New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Centre for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Centre for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | | | | | - David Menkes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Waikato District Health Board, Hamilton, New Zealand
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Kudva KG, El Hayek S, Gupta AK, Kurokawa S, Bangshan L, Armas-Villavicencio MVC, Oishi K, Mishra S, Tiensuntisook S, Sartorius N. Stigma in mental illness: Perspective from eight Asian nations. Asia Pac Psychiatry 2020; 12:e12380. [PMID: 31922363 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stigma against those who suffer from mental illness is a major issue in many nations. Stigma, which is comprised of prejudice, ignorance, and discrimination, serves as a barrier to seeking help and staying in contact with mental health services. It is thus imperative that concerted efforts are taken against stigma. METHODS Eight young psychiatrists from eight Asian nations offer a narrative review of the state of stigma in their respective nations, the sociocultural reasons behind this stigma, recent anti-stigma efforts and the effects, if any, of such efforts. RESULTS Despite these eight nations lying varying significantly in terms of economic developmental levels, there are sociocultural commonalities that undergird stigma across these nations. It is also evident that there have been more recent concerted efforts to combat this stigma, and in some countries, there has been a change in the perceptions of mental illness. CONCLUSION The causes of stigma tend to be similar across various nations, and this perhaps suggests that international collaboration and a concerted global effort to combat this problem might thus be a possibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kundadak Ganesh Kudva
- Early Psychosis Intervention Program, Institution of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Samer El Hayek
- Department of Psychiatry, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Shunya Kurokawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Liu Bangshan
- Mental Health Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | | | - Kengo Oishi
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Saumya Mishra
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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4
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Üzar‐Özçetin YS, Tee S. A PRISMA‐Drıven Systematıc Revıew for Determınıng Cross‐Cultural Mental Health Care. Int J Nurs Knowl 2020; 31:150-159. [DOI: 10.1111/2047-3095.12273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen Tee
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Business SchoolBournemouth University Poole UK
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5
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La stigmatisation sociale des personnes vivant avec la schizophrénie : une revue systématique de la littérature. EVOLUTION PSYCHIATRIQUE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.evopsy.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Liu W, Li YM, Peng Y. Beliefs about prognosis and outcomes for people with mental disorders: A cross-cultural study of Bachelor of Nursing students from the US and China. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2018; 32:751-756. [PMID: 30201204 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine and compare the US and Chinese Bachelor of Nursing students' beliefs about prognosis and long-term outcomes for people with depression and schizophrenia following interventions. A total of 310 nursing students in the US (n = 152) and China (n = 158) completed a survey questionnaire between April 2016 and April 2017. Overall, the Chinese students rated prognosis and outcomes more negatively than did the US students. The main finding suggests the need for cultural-specific pedagogical considerations to be given to mental health education in undergraduate nursing curricula in the US and China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- College of Nursing and Public Health, Adelphi University, 1 South Avenue, Garden City, New York 11530, USA.
| | - Ya-Min Li
- Emergency Department, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Mental Health Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha 410011, China
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7
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Exploring predictors of medication adherence among inpatients with schizophrenia in Singapore's mental health settings: A non-experimental study. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2018; 32:536-548. [PMID: 30029745 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a mental disorder, which is marked by frequent relapses. The main reason for relapse is nonadherence to antipsychotics. A cross-sectional, correlational research study was conducted with a convenience sample of 92 participants. The primary aim of this study was to explore the predictors of medication adherence among inpatients with schizophrenia hospitalised at tertiary hospitals in Singapore. Post-hoc analysis revealed that insight, religion, side effects, types of antipsychotics, social support from significant others, nurse-client relationship, were significant predictive factors. Results from this study added knowledge to the nursing literature about medication adherence of schizophrenia patients and in Singapore setting.
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Evans-Lacko S, Knapp M. Is manager support related to workplace productivity for people with depression: a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional survey from 15 countries. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e021795. [PMID: 30037899 PMCID: PMC6059307 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-021795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine variations in manager reactions and support for people with depression and to investigate how these reactions are related to (1) absenteeism and (2) presenteeism due to depression among employees with self-reported depression across 15 diverse countries. DESIGN Secondary data analysis of cross-sectional survey data. SETTING 15 countries, diverse in geographical region and gross domestic product (GDP): Brazil, Canada, China, Denmark, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Spain, South Africa, South Korea, Turkey and the USA. PARTICIPANTS 16 018 employees and managers (approximately 1000 per country). PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES We assessed level of absenteeism as measured by number of days taken off work because of depression and presenteeism score. RESULTS On average, living in a country with a greater prevalence of managers saying that they avoided talking to the employee about depression was associated with employees with depression taking more days off work (B 4.13, 95% CI 1.68 to 6.57). On average, living in a country with a higher GDP was marginally associated with employees with depression taking more days off of work (p=0.09). On average, living in a country with a greater prevalence of managers actively offering help to employees with depression was associated with higher levels of presenteeism (B 7.08, 95% CI 6.59 to 7.58). Higher country GDP was associated with greater presenteeism among employees with depression (B 3.09, 95% CI 2.31 to 3.88). CONCLUSIONS Manager reactions were at least as important as country financial resources. When controlling for country GDP, working in an environment where managers felt comfortable to offer help and support to the employee rather than avoid them was independently associated with less absenteeism and more presenteeism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Evans-Lacko
- Personal Social Services, Research Unit, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Martin Knapp
- Personal Social Services, Research Unit, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
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Zalazar V, Leiderman EA, Agrest M, Nemirovsky M, Lipovetzky G, Thornicroft G. Reported and intended behavior towards people with mental health problems in Argentina. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00207411.2018.1474075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Graham Thornicroft
- Health Service and Population Research Department, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom
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10
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Cho JW, Jang EY, Woo HJ, Park YC, Kim SH, Hong KS, Lee YS, Kwon JS. Effects of Renaming Schizophrenia in Korea: from "Split-Mind Disorder" to "Attunement Disorder". Psychiatry Investig 2018; 15:656-662. [PMID: 30032592 PMCID: PMC6056692 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2018.02.18.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Korean Neuropsychiatric Association changed the Korean name of schizophrenia from 'Split-mind Disorder' to 'Attunement Disorder' in 2012. This study assessed attitudes towards the renaming of schizophrenia among mental health practitioners (n=440), patients with schizophrenia and their guardians (n=396), and the university students (n=140) using self-administered questionnaires. METHODS The questionnaire included items related to participants' perception of the renaming of the disease, the nature of informing about the disease to confirm the effect of the name change. RESULTS It was confirmed the notification rate of disease name by mental health practitioners was increased significantly after the renaming. Among patients and their guardians, 24.9% and 15.0%, respectively, perceived their own or the family member's illness as 'attunement disorder'. CONCLUSION Patients and their guardians continue to display a low awareness about the name of the disease as 'attunement disorder.' However, mental health practitioners were found to be able to easily use the name 'attunement disorder' as a result of the increased notification rate of the new disease name.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang Won Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Young Jang
- Department of Counseling Psychology, Honam University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Jin Woo
- Department of Journalism & Mass Communication, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Chon Park
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Hyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Sue Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Sang Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Yong-In Mental Hospital, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Soo Kwon
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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11
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Liu W. Recognition of, and beliefs about, causes of mental disorders: A cross-sectional study of US and Chinese undergraduate nursing students. Nurs Health Sci 2018; 21:28-36. [PMID: 29726611 DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nursing students' beliefs about etiology and manifestation of mental illness will impact on their professional attitudes in future clinical practice. The aims of the present study were to examine and compare US and Chinese undergraduate nursing students' recognition of, and beliefs about, causes of depression and schizophrenia. A total of 310 US (n = 152) and Chinese (n = 158) nursing students completed the Australian National Mental Health Literacy Survey questionnaire between April 2016 and April 2017. Although nursing students in the USA and China were highly accurate in recognizing depression and schizophrenia, the US students were more likely to nominate multiple items alongside the correct diagnosis than the Chinese students. The Chinese students were more likely to view depression and schizophrenia as multi-causally-determined mental disorders than the US students. The findings highlight the need for the incorporation of mental health issues, including symptomatology of different mental disorders and their application to patient care, into various aspects of the US nursing curriculum. In China, opportunities can be created for nursing students to discuss the impact of personal beliefs on care delivery and social stigma during clinical placement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- College of Nursing and Public Health, Adelphi University, Garden City, New York, USA
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12
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Liu W, Li YM, Peng Y. Mental health literacy: A cross-cultural study of American and Chinese bachelor of nursing students. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2018; 25:96-107. [PMID: 29139185 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.12442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: Many nursing students have inadequate preparation for practice in mental health nursing in the United States and China. The concept of mental illness has different connotations in different cultures. Studies differ from country to country concerning the influence of nursing education on students' knowledge about and attitudes towards mental disorders. There is a lack of cross-cultural research that takes a broad perspective to explore how nursing students' knowledge and beliefs about mental disorders are influenced by the culture within education and healthcare systems. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: Nursing students in the United States and China shared similar views on a broad range of intervention options including professional help, psychotropic medications and activity interventions for managing depression and schizophrenia. The major difference between the two nursing student groups was that the Chinese students showed more preference to occasional alcohol consumption and specialized therapies including cognitive-behavioural therapy and electroconvulsive therapy and the US students held less skepticism towards traditional and religious practices as possible treatment options for depression and schizophrenia. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: The Chinese nursing students need to be educated about safe alcohol consumption guidelines adopted by the National Health and Family Planning Commission. The US nursing students need to increase their awareness of national practice guidelines for managing mental disorders, particularly with respect to the use of specialized therapies such as cognitive-behavioural therapy and electroconvulsive therapy. We support professional and psychosocial interventions in caring for patients with mental disorders. ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Nursing students in the United States and China have reported inadequate preparedness for practice in mental health nursing. It is important to investigate nursing students' mental health literacy levels for a better understanding of their practice readiness in mental health field upon completion of their education. Aim This study was aimed at developing an understanding of American and Chinese nursing students' mental health literacy regarding the effectiveness of specific interventions for managing depression and schizophrenia. Method The "Australian National Mental Health Literacy Survey" was completed by a group of 310 nursing students including 152 Americans and 158 Chinese between April 2016 and April 2017 to compare students' rated intervention options on two provided vignettes. Results The two student groups reached consensus on many intervention options. However, the Chinese students showed more preference to occasional alcohol consumption and specialized therapies and the US students held less skepticism towards traditional practices as treatment options for depression and schizophrenia. Discussion and implications for practice The findings support professional and psychosocial interventions in caring for patients with mental disorders. There is a significant need for specific education on safe alcohol consumption guidelines for Chinese nursing students and clinical practice guidelines for managing mental disorders for American nursing students.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Liu
- Adelphi University, Garden City, NY, USA
| | - Y-M Li
- Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Y Peng
- Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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13
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Shiina A, Niitsu T, Sato A, Omiya S, Nagata T, Tomoto A, Watanabe H, Igarashi Y, Iyo M. Effect of educational intervention on attitudes toward the concept of criminal responsibility. World J Psychiatry 2017; 7:197-206. [PMID: 29354482 PMCID: PMC5746663 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v7.i4.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effect of educational intervention on individuals’ knowledge of and attitudes toward forensic mental health.
METHODS We conducted a questionnaire regarding attitudes toward various ideas about forensic mental health. The respondents attended a 1-h seminar regarding forensic mental health after answering the questionnaire. On completion of the seminar, the respondents answered another questionnaire containing many of the same questions as contained in the pre-seminar questionnaire.
RESULTS A total of 86 individuals attended the seminar, and 78 responded to the questionnaire. Only 13 (18.8%) participants were supportive of the concept of criminal responsibility initially, and there was a statistically significant increase in those who became more supportive after the seminar, with 22 (33%) being supportive after the seminar (Wilcoxon signed-rank test, P < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis revealed that participants who were skeptical about forensic mental systems and those with fewer opportunities to see media reports regarding psychiatry were likely to become supportive of criminal responsibility after the intervention.
CONCLUSION These results suggest that public attitudes toward criminal responsibility and mental health can be influenced via educational interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Shiina
- Division of Medical Treatment and Rehabilitation, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba 2608670, Japan
| | - Tomihisa Niitsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 2608670, Japan
| | - Aiko Sato
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 2608670, Japan
| | - Soichiro Omiya
- Social Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058577, Japan
| | - Takako Nagata
- Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Tokyo 1008916, Japan
| | - Aika Tomoto
- Division of Law and Psychiatry, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba 2608670, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Watanabe
- Division of Medical Treatment and Rehabilitation, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba 2608670, Japan
| | - Yoshito Igarashi
- Division of Law and Psychiatry, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba 2608670, Japan
| | - Masaomi Iyo
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 2608670, Japan
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14
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Angermeyer MC, van der Auwera S, Carta MG, Schomerus G. Public attitudes towards psychiatry and psychiatric treatment at the beginning of the 21st century: a systematic review and meta-analysis of population surveys. World Psychiatry 2017; 16:50-61. [PMID: 28127931 PMCID: PMC5269489 DOI: 10.1002/wps.20383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Public attitudes towards psychiatry are crucial determinants of help-seeking for mental illness. It has been argued that psychiatry as a discipline enjoys low esteem among the public, and a "crisis" of psychiatry has been noted. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of population studies examining public attitudes towards various aspects of psychiatric care. Our search in PubMed, Web of Science, PsychINFO and bibliographies yielded 162 papers based on population surveys conducted since 2000 and published no later than 2015. We found that professional help for mental disorders generally enjoys high esteem. While general practitioners are the preferred source of help for depression, mental health professionals are the most trusted helpers for schizophrenia. If respondents have to rank sources of help, they tend to favor mental health professionals, while open questions yield results more favorable to general practitioners. Psychiatrists and psychologists/psychotherapists are equally recommended for the treatment of schizophrenia, while for depression psychologists/psychotherapists are more recommended, at least in Europe and America. Psychotherapy is consistently preferred over medication. Attitudes towards seeking help from psychiatrists or psychologists/psychotherapists as well as towards medication and psychotherapy have markedly improved over the last twenty-five years. Biological concepts of mental illness are associated with stronger approval of psychiatric help, particularly medication. Self-stigma and negative attitudes towards persons with mental illness decrease the likelihood of personally considering psychiatric help. In conclusion, the public readily recommends psychiatric help for the treatment of mental disorders. Psychotherapy is the most popular method of psychiatric treatment. A useful strategy to further improve the public image of psychiatry could be to stress that listening and understanding are at the core of psychiatric care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias C Angermeyer
- Center for Public Mental Health, Gösing am Wagram, Austria
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sandra van der Auwera
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mauro G Carta
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Georg Schomerus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Hirayasu Y, Sato SI, Shuto N, Nakano M, Higuchi T. Efficacy and Safety of Bitopertin in Patients with Schizophrenia and Predominant Negative Symptoms: Subgroup Analysis of Japanese Patients from the Global Randomized Phase 2 Trial. Psychiatry Investig 2017; 14:63-73. [PMID: 28096877 PMCID: PMC5240458 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2017.14.1.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to perform a subgroup analysis of data from a phase II global, multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of bitopertin, a glycine reuptake inhibitor that activates N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors by increasing the concentration of glycine in the synaptic cleft, in Japanese and non-Japanese patients with schizophrenia and predominant negative symptoms. METHODS Patients with schizophrenia and predominant negative symptoms on one or two antipsychotic drugs, including atypical antipsychotic drugs (olanzapine, risperidone, quetiapine, aripiprazole, and paliperidone) as the primary treatment, received bitopertin (10, 30, or 60 mg/day) or placebo once daily for 8 weeks as an add-on treatment. Efficacy was assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) negative symptom factor score (NSFS). RESULTS The efficacy of bitopertin (10 mg and 30 mg) was similar between Japanese and non-Japanese patients. In the bitopertin 60-mg group, no difference from the placebo group was observed in Japanese or non-Japanese patients. The response to placebo was lower in Japanese patients, and there was a trend towards a greater difference in the change in PANSS NSFS between the placebo group and the 10-mg and 30-mg groups among Japanese patients. The safety profile of bitopertin was favorable in Japanese and non-Japanese patients. CONCLUSION According to this subgroup analysis from a global phase II study of bitopertin, there was no difference in terms of efficacy and safety between Japanese and non-Japanese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Hirayasu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | | | - Miwa Nakano
- Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
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Ta TMT, Zieger A, Schomerus G, Cao TD, Dettling M, Do XT, Mungee A, Diefenbacher A, Angermeyer MC, Hahn E. Influence of urbanity on perception of mental illness stigma: a population based study in urban and rural Hanoi, Vietnam. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2016; 62:685-695. [PMID: 27887028 DOI: 10.1177/0020764016670430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS To examine, for the first time in Vietnam, whether urbanity of respondents among other socio-demographic factors affects the public perception of stigma attached to persons with mental illness in Hanoi. METHODS A general population-based survey was carried out in 2013 in the greater Hanoi area. The perception of stigma attached to people with mental illness was elicited using Link's perceived discrimination and devaluation scale (PDDS) carried out in Vietnamese language. The survey sample (n = 806) was stratified for gender, urban/rural location, age, household size and marital status, in accordance with the 2013 Vietnamese census. RESULTS Comparing the total score of the PDDS and its single items, we found less perceived stigma and discrimination among the rural population of Hanoi and in respondents who reported religious attainment to either Buddhism or Christianity. Logistic regression analyses found no significant influences of gender, age, household size or marital status regarding the perceived stigma toward persons with mental illness. CONCLUSION Less negative perception of stigma attached to persons with mental illness that was observed among the rural population in the Hanoi area may be interpreted in the light of possibly more demanding living conditions in modern urban Vietnam with less opportunities for mentally ill patients and points toward a dynamic interaction with rapidly changing living conditions in Asian megacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Minh Tam Ta
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Germany
| | - Aron Zieger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Germany
| | - Georg Schomerus
- Department of Psychiatry, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Germany.,HELIOS Hanseklinikum Stralsund, Germany
| | - Tien Duc Cao
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Hospital 103, Military Academy of Medicine, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Michael Dettling
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Germany
| | - Xuan Tinh Do
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Hospital 103, Military Academy of Medicine, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Aditya Mungee
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Germany
| | - Albert Diefenbacher
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic, Ev. Krankenhaus Königin Elisabeth Herzberge, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Eric Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic, Ev. Krankenhaus Königin Elisabeth Herzberge, Berlin, Germany
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Haddad M, Waqas A, Qayyum W, Shams M, Malik S. The attitudes and beliefs of Pakistani medical practitioners about depression: a cross-sectional study in Lahore using the Revised Depression Attitude Questionnaire (R-DAQ). BMC Psychiatry 2016; 16:349. [PMID: 27756274 PMCID: PMC5070008 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-016-1069-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental disorders such as depression are common and rank as major contributors to the global burden of disease. Condition recognition and subsequent management of depression is variable and influenced by the attitudes and beliefs of clinicians as well as those of patients. Most studies examining health professionals' attitudes have been conducted in Western nations; this study explores beliefs and attitudes about depression among doctors working in Lahore, Pakistan. METHODS A cross-sectional survey conducted in 2015 used a questionnaire concerning demographics, education in psychiatry, beliefs about depression causes, and attitudes about depression using the Revised Depression Attitude Questionnaire (R-DAQ). A convenience sample of 700 non-psychiatrist medical practitioners based in six hospitals in Lahore was approached to participate in the survey. RESULTS Six hundred and one (86 %) of the doctors approached consented to participate; almost all respondents (99 %) endorsed one of various biopsychosocial causes of depression (38 to 79 % for particular causes), and 37 % (between 13 and 19 % for particular causes) noted that supernatural forces could be responsible. Supernatural causes were more commonly held by female doctors, those working in rural settings, and those with greater psychiatry specialist education. Attitudes to depression were mostly less confident or optimistic and less inclined to a generalist perspective than those of clinicians in the UK or European nations, and deterministic perspectives that depression is a natural part of aging or due to personal failings were particularly common. However, there was substantial confidence in the efficacy of antidepressants and psychological therapy. More confident and therapeutically optimistic views and a more generalist perspective about depression management were associated with a rejection of supernatural explanations of the origin of depression. CONCLUSIONS Non-psychiatrist medical practitioners in Pakistan hold a range of views about the causes of depression, with supernatural explanations held by more than a third. Depression attitudes appear less positive than among UK and European clinicians, with the notions that depression is due to a lack of stamina and will-power and a natural part of growing old being especially commonly held; more positive attitudes appear to be associated with a rejection of supernatural explanatory models of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Haddad
- Centre for Mental Health Research, School of Health Sciences, City University London, Northampton Square, London, EC1V 0HB, UK. .,East London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - Ahmed Waqas
- CMH Lahore Medical College and Institute of Dentistry, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Wahhaj Qayyum
- CMH Lahore Medical College and Institute of Dentistry, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Shams
- CMH Lahore Medical College and Institute of Dentistry, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saad Malik
- CMH Lahore Medical College and Institute of Dentistry, Lahore, Pakistan
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Yoshioka K, Reavley NJ, Rossetto A, Nakane Y. Associations between Beliefs about the Causes of Mental Disorders and Stigmatizing Attitudes: Results of a Mental Health Literacy and Stigma Survey of the Japanese Public. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00207411.2016.1204810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Shinmei I, Kobayashi K, Oe Y, Takagishi Y, Kanie A, Ito M, Takebayashi Y, Murata M, Horikoshi M, Dobkin RD. Cognitive behavioral therapy for depression in Japanese Parkinson's disease patients: a pilot study. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2016; 12:1319-31. [PMID: 27354802 PMCID: PMC4908947 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s104777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the feasibility of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for Japanese Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with depression. To increase cultural acceptability, we developed the CBT program using manga, a type of Japanese comic novel. METHODS Participants included 19 non-demented PD patients who had depressive symptoms (GRID-Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression score ≥8). A CBT program comprising six sessions was individually administered. We evaluated the feasibility and safety of the CBT program in terms of the dropout rate and occurrence of adverse events. The primary outcome was depressive symptom reduction in the GRID-Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression upon completion of CBT. Secondary outcomes included changes in the self-report measures of depression (Beck Depression Inventory-II, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Depression), anxiety (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety, State and Trait Anxiety Inventory, Overall Anxiety Severity and Impairment Scale), functional impairment, and quality of life (Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey). RESULTS Of the 19 participants (mean age =63.8 years, standard deviation [SD] =9.9 years; mean Hohen-Yahr score =1.7, SD =0.8), one patient (5%) withdrew. No severe adverse event was observed. The patients reported significant improvements in depression (Hedges' g =-1.02, 95% confidence interval =-1.62 to -0.39). The effects were maintained over a 3-month follow-up period. Most of the secondary outcome measurements showed a small-to-moderate but nonsignificant effect size from baseline to post-intervention. CONCLUSION This study provides preliminary evidence that CBT is feasible among Japanese PD patients with depression. Similar approaches may be effective for people with PD from other cultural backgrounds. The results warrant replication in a randomized controlled trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issei Shinmei
- National Center for Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Research, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kei Kobayashi
- Department of Neurology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Oe
- National Center for Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Research, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuriko Takagishi
- National Center for Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Research, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Psychology, Surugadai University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ayako Kanie
- National Center for Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Research, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaya Ito
- National Center for Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Research, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitake Takebayashi
- National Center for Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Research, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
- Risk Analysis Research Center, The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miho Murata
- Department of Neurology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Horikoshi
- National Center for Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Research, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Roseanne D Dobkin
- Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical school, NJ, USA
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Aznar-Lou I, Serrano-Blanco A, Fernández A, Luciano JV, Rubio-Valera M. Attitudes and intended behaviour to mental disorders and associated factors in catalan population, Spain: cross-sectional population-based survey. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:127. [PMID: 26861632 PMCID: PMC4746776 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-2815-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mental disorders have a huge impact on the European population. Two of the main causes of this impact are stigma and discrimination. The aim of this paper is to assess the stigma regarding mental disorder in Catalonia and to explore factors associated with stigma. Methods Cross-sectional population-based survey of a representative sample of non-institutionalized adult population (n = 1872). We evaluated attitudes (CAMI: Authoritarianism, Benevolence and Support to Community Mental Health care) and intended behaviour (RIBS) regarding mental disorder and experience of discrimination. Higher scores showed more favourable attitudes and intended behavior. Mean values and percentiles of the scales were calculated. Multivariable regression models were used to assess factors associated with stigma. Results Mean authoritarianism, benevolence and support to community mental health scores corresponded to the 66th, 90th and 78th percentile, respectively. Mean RIBS score corresponded to the 76th percentile. More favourable attitudes were associated with being male, younger, having a higher education, being Spanish, having suffered a mental disorder and having contact with a person with a mental disorder.Similarly, more favourable intended behaviour was associated with being younger, having secondary education, having Spanish nationality, belonging to a higher social class and having contact with a person with a mental disorder. People with depression or anxiety showed lower discrimination experiences than people with other mental disorders. Conclusions The levels of stigma were generally low among the Catalan population. However, efforts should be made to decrease stigma related to authoritarianism. Interventions addressed to reducing stigma should take into account other mental disorders apart from depression or anxiety. They should be focused on older, immigrant population, people with lower educational attainment and people who have not had contact with someone with a mental disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Aznar-Lou
- Teaching, Research & Innovation Unit, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain. .,Primary Care Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network (redIAPP), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Antoni Serrano-Blanco
- Teaching, Research & Innovation Unit, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain. .,Primary Care Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network (redIAPP), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ana Fernández
- Primary Care Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network (redIAPP), Barcelona, Spain. .,Mental Health Policy Unit, The Brain and Mind Research Institute; and Centre for Disability Research and Policy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Juan V Luciano
- Teaching, Research & Innovation Unit, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain. .,Primary Care Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network (redIAPP), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Maria Rubio-Valera
- Teaching, Research & Innovation Unit, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain. .,Primary Care Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network (redIAPP), Barcelona, Spain. .,School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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