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Biberdzic M, Sowislo JF, Cain N, Meehan KB, Preti E, Di Pierro R, Caligor E, Clarkin JF. Establishing Levels of Personality Functioning Using the Structured Interview of Personality Organization (STIPO-R): a Latent Profile Analysis. J Pers Assess 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38563480 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2024.2330502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Both the new ICD-11 and the latest Alternative DSM-5 Model for Personality Disorders focus on self and interpersonal functioning as the central feature of personality pathology, also acknowledging that personality disorders are organized along a dimensional continuum of severity. This revised understanding is in line with long-standing psychodynamic conceptualisations of personality pathology, in particular Kernberg's object relations model of personality organization. Despite existing evidence for the clinical utility of the derived Structured Interview of Personality Organization (STIPO-R), empirical support for the identification of clear cut-points between the different levels of personality functioning is missing. For this purpose, a total of 764 adult participants were recruited across two clinical (outpatient and inpatient) settings (n = 250) and two non-clinical (university students and general community) samples (n = 514). Results from the mixture modeling suggested the existence of five groups across the clinical and non-clinical samples that covered: healthy personality functioning, maladaptive personality rigidity, and mild, moderate, and severe levels of personality pathology. All five indicators of personality organization were found to be reliable predictors of personality pathology. Of the five STIPO-R indicators, Aggression and Moral Values had the most discriminative power for differentiating between the Mild, Moderate, and Severe personality disorder groups. Implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Biberdzic
- Department of Psychology, Bishop's University, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Julia F Sowislo
- Personality Disorders Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Nicole Cain
- Personality Disorders Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Kevin B Meehan
- Personality Disorders Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York
- Department of Psychology, Long Island University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Emanuele Preti
- Department of Psychology, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Eve Caligor
- Personality Disorders Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - John F Clarkin
- Personality Disorders Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York
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Kim YR, Lee YH. The Dimensional Conceptualization of Personality Disorders: Personality Organization, Personality Functioning, and Personality Disorders. J Pers Disord 2024; 38:105-125. [PMID: 38592910 DOI: 10.1521/pedi.2024.38.2.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Over the past several decades, significant criticism of the categorical classification system for personality disorders has highlighted the need to transition to a dimensional classification system. This study reviewed key issues involved in the potential conversion of the diagnostic system of personality disorders from a categorical to a dimensional model. The result suggests that Kernberg's concept of personality organization can be used to indicate the overall severity of personality pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Ran Kim
- From Institute of Psychoanalytic Training and Research, New York, New York
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Alberdi-Páramo Í, Díaz-Marsá M, Saiz González MD, Carrasco Perera JL. Antisocial traits and neuroticism as predictors of suicidal behaviour in borderline personality disorder: A retrospective study. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE PSIQUIATRÍA (ENGLISH ED.) 2023; 52:11-19. [PMID: 36997367 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcpeng.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The spectrum of suicidal behaviour (SB) is nuclear in the clinic and management of borderline personality disorder (BPD). The pathological personality traits of BPD intervene as risk factors for SB in confluence with other clinical and sociodemographic variables associated with BPD. The objective of this work is to evaluate the specific personality traits of BPD that are related to SB. METHODS A cross-sectional, observational and retrospective study was carried out on a sample of 134 patients diagnosed with BPD according to DSM-5 criteria. The Millon-II, Zuckerman-Kuhlman and Barrat questionnaires were used to assess different personality parameters. Variable comparisons were made using the χ2 test and the Student's t-test. The association between variables was analysed using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS Statistically significant differences were observed between SB and related factors and the neuroticism-anxiety dimension in the Zuckerman-Kuhlman test. It is also significantly related to the phobic and antisocial subscale of the Millon-II. Impulsivity measured with the Zuckerman-Kuhlman and Barrat tests does not appear to be related to SB. CONCLUSIONS The results presented raise the role of phobic, antisocial and neuroticism traits as possible personality traits of BPD related to SB, suggesting an even greater importance within the relationship between BPD and SB than that of impulsivity. Looking to the future, longitudinal studies would increase the scientific evidence for the specified findings.
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Ernst M, Brähler E, Kampling H, Kruse J, Fegert JM, Plener PL, Beutel ME. Is the end in the beginning? Child maltreatment increases the risk of non-suicidal self-injury and suicide attempts through impaired personality functioning. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2022; 133:105870. [PMID: 36084408 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child maltreatment is a risk factor for a range of mental disorders later in life, including dangerous self-harm and suicide attempts. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying this association can inform prevention and intervention. OBJECTIVE To investigate personality functioning as a potential mediator of the association of childhood abuse and neglect and self-harm and suicide attempts in the general population. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Data were drawn from a representative German population sample (N = 2510). METHODS Participants filled out the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), OPD Structure Questionnaire (OPD-SQS), and items of the Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors Interview (SITBI). In structural equation models, we operationalized impaired personality functioning as the mediator between childhood abuse and neglect and self-harm. RESULTS Individuals with a history of self-harm (combining suicide attempts, N = 47, and non-suicidal self-injury, N = 83) reported more childhood abuse and neglect (d = 1.39, p < .001) and greater impairments in personality functioning (d = 1.64, p < .001) than the rest of the population. The indirect effect via personality functioning accounted for 48.8 % of the total effect of childhood abuse and neglect on self-harm. In more differentiated analyses, emotional abuse showed the strongest association with self-harm. Only physical and sexual abuse had direct effects. CONCLUSIONS The results specify the relationship between child maltreatment and self-harm by demonstrating that it is partly mediated by basic functions of personality assessed using a dimensional measure. These abilities constitute modifiable risk factors that can be addressed by psychotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Ernst
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Elmar Brähler
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, Behavioral Medicine Research Unit, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hanna Kampling
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kruse
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jörg M Fegert
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Paul L Plener
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Manfred E Beutel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Temko JE, Grigorian A, Barrios C, Lekawa M, Nahmias L, Kuza CM, Nahmias J. Race, Age, and Lack of Insurance Increase Risk of Suicide Attempt in Trauma Patients. Arch Suicide Res 2022; 26:846-860. [PMID: 33186511 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2020.1838370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The overall rate of suicide between 1999 and 2017 increased by 33% in the United States. We sought to examine suicide attempts in the trauma patient population, hypothesizing that in adult trauma patients race and lack of insurance status would be predictors of suicide attempt. METHOD The Trauma Quality Improvement Program (2010-2016) was queried for trauma patients ≥18 years old. The primary outcome was suicide attempt. A multivariable logistic regression model was performed including covariates that influence risk of suicide attempt. RESULTS From 1,403,466 adult trauma admissions, 16,263 (1.2%) patients attempted suicide. Death after suicide attempt occurred in 30.2% of patients. Independent predictors of suicide attempt were age < 40 years old (odds ratio [OR] = 1.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.41, 1.51], p < .001) and no insurance (OR = 1.92, 95% CI [1.85, 2.00], p < .001). Black (vs. White) race was associated with decreased risk of suicide attempt (OR = 0.63, 95% CI [0.60, 0.67], p < .001). Hispanic (versus non-Hispanic) patients demonstrated lower associated risk of suicide attempt by gun (OR = 0.50, 95% CI [0.45, 0.54], p < .001), while Asian (vs. White) patients exhibited higher risk of suicide attempt overall (OR = 1.25, 95% CI [1.12, 1.39], p < .001) and more specifically by knife (OR = 2.55, 95% CI [2.16, 3.00], p < .001). CONCLUSIONS Age younger than 40 years and lack of insurance were associated with higher risk of suicide attempt in adult trauma patients. Asian race was associated with the highest risk of suicide, with >2.5 times increased risk of attempt by knife. Awareness of these demographic-specific risk factors for suicide attempt, and in particular violent mechanisms of suicide attempt, is critical to implementation of effective suicide prevention efforts.HighlightsAge younger than 40 and no insurance were associated with risk of suicide attempt.Black (vs. White) race was associated with decreased risk of suicide attempt.Asian race was associated with an increased risk of suicide attempt with a knife.
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Yang F, Tong J, Zhang SF, Zhang J, Zhong BL. Prevalence and correlates of suicide attempts in Chinese individuals with borderline personality disorder. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:942782. [PMID: 36104990 PMCID: PMC9464826 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.942782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, few empirical studies have examined the clinical characteristics of suicide attempts (SA) in individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD) in China. AIMS To examine the prevalence and factors associated with SA in Chinese individuals with BPD. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 84 patients with BPD were recruited from a large public psychiatric hospital in Wuhan, China, between 2013 and 2015. Trained experienced psychiatrists interviewed participants to collect clinical data, including demographics, axis I and axis II diagnoses of mental disorders according to the DSM-IV-TR, number of hospitalizations, and history of SA. An interview outline was used to identify the existence of lifetime SA. In addition, the Beck Depression Inventory-II, Buss & Perry Aggression Questionnaire, Child Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form, and Beck Hopelessness Scale were administered to assess respondents' depressive symptoms, aggression, childhood traumatic experiences, and hopelessness. RESULTS Fifty-two (61.9%) patients reported attempting suicide during their lifetime. Univariate logistic regression analysis screened 7 factors associated with SA in individuals with BPD into Multiple logistic regression analysis: female sex, unemployment, major depressive disorder (MDD), hostility, self-aggression, depressive symptoms, and emotional neglect. Multiple logistic regression analysis identified 3 significant and independent correlates of SA: MDD [odds ratio (OR) = 26.773, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 3.914-183.132, P = 0.001], hostility (OR = 1.073, CI = 1.019-1.130, P = 0.007), and self-aggression (OR = 1.056, CI = 0.998-1.119, P = 0.060). CONCLUSION Chinese individuals with BPD have a high risk of suicide. Correlates of SA in this population differ to some extent from those in Western populations as reported in the literature. Paying attention to MDD and some types of aggression in Chinese individuals with BPD may help identify their risk of suicide. Future large-sample cohort study may improve the limitations of this study and further confirm the point of view above.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Tong
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan, China
| | - Shu-Fang Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan, China
| | - Bao-Liang Zhong
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan, China
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7
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Ernst M, Tibubos AN, Kubiak T, O'Connor RC, Beutel ME. Study Protocol for an Ecological Momentary Assessment Study: TempRes "Temporal Variability of Risk and Resilience Factors for Suicidal Ideation". Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:877283. [PMID: 35546923 PMCID: PMC9082499 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.877283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Suicide prevention is an important public mental health issue that can be significantly brought forward by recent advances in psychological research methods and assessment. The project "TempRes" aims to harness the power of Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) to investigate the transdiagnostic risk and resilience factors associated with suicidal ideation drawn from the most recent research in suicide prevention and personality assessment. Participants will comprise the general population (planned: N = 100) and a risk group (patients currently in psychosomatic or psychiatric treatment) (planned: N = 50). After a comprehensive baseline assessment, they will complete up to ten short assessments per day over the course of 10 days at roughly equidistant intervals. In detail, the project examines the interplay of biography (previous suicidal behavior, experiences of childhood maltreatment), individual differences (level of personality functioning), and time-varying factors (entrapment, loneliness, mood) with respect to the emergence and fluctuation of suicidal ideation. There are two main research foci: First, the project will provide an operationalization and empirical verification of a core assumption of the integrated motivational-volitional model of suicide (IMV model). It will test whether the interaction of the time-varying predictors entrapment with loneliness (as a motivational moderator) explains reports of suicidal ideation over time. Second, it will be the first to examine personality functioning (a transdiagnostic, psychodynamically grounded conceptualization of vulnerability to psychological crises over the life span) as a time-invariant predictor of suicidal ideation assessed within an intensive longitudinal study design. The main analyses will be built on linear mixed models. The overarching aim of the project is to gain a better understanding of the psychological dynamics underlying suicidal ideation in different populations by bringing together concepts from different theoretical traditions. This will inform prevention efforts geared toward the general public as well as intervention in clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Ernst
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ana N Tibubos
- Diagnostics in Healthcare & E-Health, University of Trier, Trier, Germany
| | - Thomas Kubiak
- Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Rory C O'Connor
- Suicidal Behaviour Research Laboratory, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Manfred E Beutel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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8
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Ye Z, Xiong F, Li W. A meta-analysis of co-occurrence of non-suicidal self-injury and suicide attempt: Implications for clinical intervention and future diagnosis. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:976217. [PMID: 36032240 PMCID: PMC9411747 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.976217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicide attempt (SA) are risk behaviors that lead to physical injury and even death in individuals, and are a very powerful risk factor when both occur together, with individuals presenting with more severe psychological and behavioral problems. Due to the different demographic characteristics of different study subjects, an overall understanding of the incidence and occurrence of this co-occurrence is lacking to clarify the focus of clinical interventions and future research directions. METHODS A systematic search was conducted for relevant studies in English and Chinese that reported data on co-occurring non-suicidal self-injury and suicide attempts as of May 2022. The incidence of co-occurrence of non-suicidal self-injury and suicide attempt (NSSI + SA) was calculated using Stata version 16.0 software based on a random-effects model, and the differences in incidence in different populations were compared by subgroups of age group, comorbidity, and time of occurrence. The study was written in strict accordance with PRISMA norms and registration was completed on the PROSPERO platform (CRD42022329095). RESULTS A total of 37 studies (139,573 individuals) were included for meta-analysis, and the combined incidence of non-suicidal self-injury and suicide attempt co-occurrence was 9.6%. Among different groups, the prevalence of NSSI + SA was 10, 11, 6, and 26% in adolescents and young adults, adults, the general population, and people with mental illness, respectively, and the co-occurrence of NSSI + SA within 12 months was 17%. CONCLUSION There is a significant group with a history of both non-suicidal self-injury and suicide attempts and presenting with more severe symptoms clinically. Targeted prevention and intervention are urgently needed, but the direction of intervention needs further research on the occurrence trajectory of this co-occurrence. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.asp?ID=CRD42022329095, identifier: CRD42022329095.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Ye
- School of Education Research, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China.,Research Center for Psychological and Health Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Xiong
- School of Education Research, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China.,Research Center for Psychological and Health Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Wentian Li
- Wuhan Mental Health Centre, Wuhan, China
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9
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Bühlmann V, Schlüter-Müller S, Fürer L, Steppan M, Birkhölzer M, Schmeck K, Koenig J, Kaess M, Zimmermann R. Therapists' emotional state after sessions in which suicidality is addressed: need for improved management of suicidal tendencies in patients with borderline personality pathology. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:590. [PMID: 34814860 PMCID: PMC8609732 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03549-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patient suicidality is a frequently experienced topic for psychotherapists. Especially adolescents with borderline personality pathology (BPP) often exhibit suicidal tendencies. Previous research which examined therapists' countertransference towards suicidal patients suggested that therapists are negatively affected and distressed by them. We hypothesize that this emotional response of the therapists is related to specific sessions in which suicidality came up as a topic. Accordingly, the objective of this study consists in examining therapists' emotional state on a session level of analysis. METHODS The sample consisted of N = 21 adolescents (age 13-19 years) with BPD or subthreshold BPD. Therapists' emotional states were measured in n = 418 sessions using the Session Evaluation Questionnaire. Principal component analysis was used to reduce dimensionality of the therapist response. The emotional states were compared depending on whether suicidality has been addressed in the session (SS) or not (NSS). RESULTS Two components could be identified. Firstly, therapists were more aroused, excited, afraid, angry and uncertain after SS than after NSS. Secondly, therapists were more aroused, excited, definite and pleased after SS than after NSS. DISCUSSION Suicidality does not always have to be a burden for therapists: Both a "distress" and an "eustress" component occur in this context from which the latter is supposed to help clinicians master a difficult situation. Since countertransference feelings are often not fully conscious, it is necessary to do research on therapists' emotional states after sessions in which suicidality is addressed. This is crucial to both prevent the therapeutic process from being endangered and preserve clinicians' mental health. Clinical implications and limitations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Bühlmann
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Research Department, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Schlüter-Müller
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Research Department, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Fürer
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Research Department, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Steppan
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Research Department, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marc Birkhölzer
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Research Department, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Juvenile Forensic Department, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Schmeck
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Research Department, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julian Koenig
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Kaess
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ronan Zimmermann
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Research Department, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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Nazari A, Huprich SK, Hemmati A, Rezaei F. The Construct Validity of the ICD-11 Severity of Personality Dysfunction Under Scrutiny of Object-Relations Theory. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:648427. [PMID: 34366910 PMCID: PMC8340676 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.648427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The current classification of personality disorder in ICD-11 includes a description of personality functioning, derived from a number of theoretical paradigms, but most notably consistent with the psychodynamic approach. Concurrently, an object-relations model of personality functioning in a dimensional assessment of severity is provided in the Structured Interview of Personality Organization-Revised (STIPO-R). To date, there are no published measures of International Classification of Diseases-11 (ICD-11) personality severity, though the construct is very comparable to the concepts assessed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 (DSM-5) levels of personality functioning concept, which is measured by the Level of Personality Functioning Scale-Self-Report (LPFS-SR). This study examined the validity of ICD-11 personality functioning, as measured by the LPFS-SR, by evaluating its associations with the STIPO-R in Kurdistan region. The samples included 231 University students and 419 inpatient participants across four hospitals (267 with a diagnosed personality disorder). All the components of LPFS-SR and STIPO-R were positively and significantly intercorrelated. The components of each measure discriminated PD and non-PD patients from a University, non-clinical group adequately. Despite slightly better performance of the STIPO-R in this discrimination, the measures had a high congruence in predicting personality dysfunction. Overall, the findings of the present study support the validity of ICD-11 construct for evaluating personality functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Nazari
- Department of Psychology, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Steven K. Huprich
- Department of Psychology, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, MI, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Azad Hemmati
- Department of Psychology, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Farzin Rezaei
- Neurosciences Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
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11
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Hörz-Sagstetter S, Ohse L, Kampe L. Three Dimensional Approaches to Personality Disorders: a Review on Personality Functioning, Personality Structure, and Personality Organization. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2021; 23:45. [PMID: 34181116 PMCID: PMC8238706 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-021-01250-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The concept of personality functioning (Alternative DSM-5 Model of Personality Disorders) has led to increased interest in dimensional personality disorder diagnosis. While differing markedly from the current categorical classification, it is closely related to the psychodynamic concepts of personality structure and personality organization. In this review, the three dimensional approaches, their underlying models, and common instruments are introduced, and empirical studies on similarities and differences between the concepts and the categorical classification are summarized. Additionally, a case example illustrates the clinical application. RECENT FINDINGS Numerous studies demonstrate the broad empirical basis, validated assessment instruments and clinical usefulness of the dimensional concepts. Their advantages compared to the categorical approach, but also the respective differences, have been demonstrated empirically, in line with clinical observations. Evidence supports the three dimensional concepts, which share conceptual overlap, but also entail unique aspects of personality pathology, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ludwig Ohse
- Psychologische Hochschule Berlin (PHB), Am Köllnischen Park 2, 10179, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leonie Kampe
- Psychologische Hochschule Berlin (PHB), Am Köllnischen Park 2, 10179, Berlin, Germany
- Zentrum für Psychosoziale Medizin, Klinikum Itzehoe, Germany
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12
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Alberdi-Páramo Í, Díaz-Marsá M, Saiz González MD, Carrasco Perera JL. Antisocial Traits and Neuroticism as Predictors of Suicidal Behaviour in Borderline Personality Disorder: a Retrospective Study. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE PSIQUIATRIA (ENGLISH ED.) 2021; 52:S0034-7450(21)00045-7. [PMID: 33840500 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcp.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The spectrum of suicidal behaviour (SB) is nuclear in the clinic and management of borderline personality disorder (BPD). The pathological personality traits of BPD intervene as risk factors for SB in confluence with other clinical and sociodemographic variables associated with BPD. The objective of this work is to evaluate the specific personality traits of BPD that are related to SB. METHODS A cross-sectional, observational and retrospective study was carried out on a sample of 134 patients diagnosed with BPD according to DSM-5 criteria. The Millon-II, Zuckerman-Kuhlman and Barrat questionnaires were used to assess different personality parameters. Variable comparisons were made using the χ2 test and the Student's t-test. The association between variables was analysed using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS Statistically significant differences were observed between SB and related factors and the neuroticism-anxiety dimension in the Zuckerman-Kuhlman test. It is also significantly related to the phobic and antisocial subscale of the Millon-II. Impulsivity measured with the Zuckerman-Kuhlman and Barrat tests does not appear to be related to SB. CONCLUSIONS The results presented raise the role of phobic, antisocial and neuroticism traits as possible personality traits of BPD related to SB, suggesting an even greater importance within the relationship between BPD and SB than that of impulsivity. Looking to the future, longitudinal studies would increase the scientific evidence for the specified findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Íñigo Alberdi-Páramo
- Instituto de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, España; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España.
| | - Marina Díaz-Marsá
- Instituto de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, España; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España; CIBERSAM, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - María Dolores Saiz González
- Instituto de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, España; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - José Luis Carrasco Perera
- Instituto de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, España; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España; CIBERSAM, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España
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Alberdi-Paramo I, Saiz-Gonzalez MD, Diaz-Marsa M, Carrasco-Perera JL. Bullying and childhood trauma events as predictive factors of suicidal behavior in borderline personality disorder: Preliminary findings. Psychiatry Res 2020; 285:112730. [PMID: 31831199 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Traumas in childhood could present a significant association with suicidal behavior in BPD. The aim of the report is to study the link between a traumatic childhood involving school bullying and the different forms and degrees of suicidal behavior in BPD. A cross-sectional study was carried out on a sample of 109 BPD patients. It is divided into two groups whether or not there is a history of suicidal behavior. The clinical variables are compared with Chi square and Student's T tests. Traumatic childhood history and bullying, in particular, showed a statistically significant association with the incidence of suicidal behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marina Diaz-Marsa
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Centro de Investigacion Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Cibersam, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Carrasco-Perera
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Centro de Investigacion Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Cibersam, Spain
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Sarhan ZAE, El Shinnawy HA, Eltawil ME, Elnawawy Y, Rashad W, Saadeldin Mohammed M. Global functioning and suicide risk in patients with depression and comorbid borderline personality disorder. NEUROLOGY, PSYCHIATRY AND BRAIN RESEARCH 2019; 31:37-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.npbr.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Esguevillas Á, Díaz-Caneja CM, Arango C, Rey-Mejías ÁLD, Bernardo EG, Delgado C, Clarkin JF, Carrasco JL. Personality organization and its association with clinical and functional features in borderline personality disorder. Psychiatry Res 2018; 262:393-399. [PMID: 28923434 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) show poor psychosocial functioning over the course of their lives. To date, predictors of functionality in BPD patients have remained mostly unexplored. In this study, we aimed to assess the association between personality organization and clinical and functional features in a sample of 50 patients with BPD referred to a specialized outpatient clinic. We used the Structured Interview of Personality Organization (STIPO) to assess personality organization and the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale to measure functionality. Clinical and demographic associations with personality organization were also explored. STIPO scores were negatively correlated with GAF scores (i.e. higher scores in the STIPO dimensions, which reflected greater personality pathology, were significantly associated with lower psychosocial functioning). After controlling for potential confounders, the STIPO domain "identity" significantly accounted for 26.7% of the variance in the GAF, while the STIPO subscale "sense of self" significantly accounted for 31.2% of the variance in the GAF. These findings suggest that identity and its pathological correlate, identity diffusion, may play a key role in the functional prognosis of BPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Esguevillas
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Covadonga M Díaz-Caneja
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Celso Arango
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Luis Del Rey-Mejías
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain; Innovation Unit, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC). Department of Methodology, School of Psychology, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique G Bernardo
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Delgado
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - José Luis Carrasco
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
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Ludwig B, Dwivedi Y. The concept of violent suicide, its underlying trait and neurobiology: A critical perspective. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 28:243-251. [PMID: 29254658 PMCID: PMC5809305 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Suicide is one of the leading causes of death and represents a significant public health problem world-wide. Individuals who attempt or die by suicide represent a highly heterogeneous population. Recently, efforts have been made to identify sub-populations and variables to categorize them. A popular dichotomy in suicide research of the past years is violent versus non-violent suicide - based on the method. This dichotomy is important given that there is an association between method of attempted suicide and risk of subsequent death by suicide. The differentiation concerning suicide methods is also critical regarding preventive efforts. In this review, we have tried to approach the concept of violent suicide from different perspectives, including a discussion about its definition and overlapping categories. In addition, we have critically discussed aggression as underlying trait, the question of intent to die, and sociodemographic, environmental, neuropsychological, and neurobiological factors potentially associated with violent suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Ludwig
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Yogesh Dwivedi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Keefe JR, Derubeis RJ. Changing character: A narrative review of personality change in psychotherapies for personality disorder. Psychother Res 2018; 29:752-769. [DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2018.1425930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- John R. Keefe
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert J. Derubeis
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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In-Albon T, Becker K, Brunner R, Brown RC, Kaess M, Kapusta ND, Klein-Heßling J, Merod R, Plener PL. Diagnostik und Behandlung nichtsuizidaler Selbstverletzungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KLINISCHE PSYCHOLOGIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2017. [DOI: 10.1026/1616-3443/a000398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Nichtsuizidales Selbstverletzendes Verhalten (NSSV) ist insbesondere im Jugendalter häufig und klinisch bedeutsam. Die Entwicklung einer konsensbasierten Leitlinie verfolgt das Ziel, die Diagnostik und die Behandlung von NSSV zu optimieren und Impulse für die Forschung zu geben. Als Leitlinie der Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Gesellschaften (AWMF) wurde diese erste Leitlinie zu NSSV verabschiedet und publiziert. Fragestellung und Methode: Die wichtigsten Empfehlungen zur Diagnostik und Behandlung von NSSV werden zusammengefasst und Forschungslücken aufgezeigt. Ergebnisse: In der Diagnostik von NSSV ist insbesondere die Einschätzung der Suizidalität zu berücksichtigen. Als erster Schritt ist die somatische Abklärung der Verletzungen und ggf. eine medizinische Erstversorgung zu nennen. Für die Evaluation des NSSV sind Häufigkeit, Methoden, Schmerzempfinden, Motive, Impulsivität als auch weitere familiäre und außerfamiliäre Einflussfaktoren zu erheben. Den Schwerpunkt der Behandlung bildet die Psychotherapie, insbesondere die kognitive Verhaltenstherapie, die Dialektisch-Behaviorale Therapie für Adoleszente und die Mentalisierungsbasierte Therapie für Adoleszente. Eine evidenzbasierte Indikation zur spezifischen Pharmakotherapie von NSSV existiert nicht. Schlussfolgerung: Die Leitlinie umfasst evidenz- und konsensusbasierte Empfehlungen zur Diagnostik und Therapie von NSSV. Die Implementierung soll zu einer Verbesserung der Versorgung von Patienten mit NSSV dienen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina In-Albon
- Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Universität Koblenz-Landau
| | - Katja Becker
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Marburg und Philipps-Universität Marburg
| | - Romuald Brunner
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Zentrum für Psychosoziale Medizin, Universität Heidelberg
| | - Rebecca C. Brown
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universität Ulm
| | - Michael Kaess
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Zentrum für Psychosoziale Medizin, Universität Heidelberg
- Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie der Universitären Psychiatrischen Dienste, Bern
| | - Nestor D. Kapusta
- Universitätsklinik für Psychoanalyse und Psychotherapie, Medizinische Universität Wien
| | | | - Rudi Merod
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Verhaltenstherapie, München
| | - Paul L. Plener
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universität Ulm
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Abstract
Suicide is one of the leading causes of violent death in many countries and its prevention is included in worldwide health objectives. Currently, the DSM-5 considers suicidal behavior as an entity that requires further study. Among the three validators required for considering a psychiatric disorder, there is one based on psychological correlates, biological markers, and patterns of comorbidity. This review includes the most important and recent studies on psychological factors: cognitive, emotional, temperament, and personality correlates (unrelated to diagnostic criteria). We included classic factors related to suicidal behavior such as cognitive, inflexibility, problem-solving, coping, rumination, thought suppression, decision-making, autobiographical memory, working memory, language fluency, burdensomeness, belongingness, fearless, pain insensitivity, impulsiveness, aggressiveness, and hopelessness. The personality correlates reported are mainly based on the personality theories of Cloninger, Costa and McCrae, and Eysenck. Moreover, it explores conceptual links to other new pathways in psychological factors, emptiness, and psychological pain as a possible origin and common end path for a portion of suicidal behaviors.
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Abstract
Between 10 and 20 million people attempt suicide every year worldwide, and suicide attempts represent a major economic burden. Suicide attempters suffer from high rates of comorbidity, and comorbidity is the rule in suicide re-attempters. Comorbidity complicates treatment and prognosis and causes a more protracted course. In the present narrative review, we included these patterns of comorbidity: intra-Axis I disorders, intra-Axis II disorders, Axis I with Axis II disorders, and psychiatric with physical illnesses. We also briefly reviewed the patterns of comorbidity in suicide re-attempters. We concluded that comorbidity at different levels appears to be the rule in suicide attempters, particularly in those who re-attempt. However, several issues deserve further research regarding the patterns of comorbidity in suicide attempters.
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Stein MB, Slavin-Mulford J, Sinclair SJ, Chung WJ, Roche M, Denckla C, Blais MA. Extending the Use of the SCORS–G Composite Ratings in Assessing Level of Personality Organization. J Pers Assess 2016; 100:166-175. [DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2016.1195394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle B. Stein
- Psychological Evaluation and Research Laboratory (PEaRL), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School
| | | | - Samuel Justin Sinclair
- Psychological Evaluation and Research Laboratory (PEaRL), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School
| | - Wei-Jean Chung
- Psychological Evaluation and Research Laboratory (PEaRL), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School
| | | | | | - Mark A. Blais
- Psychological Evaluation and Research Laboratory (PEaRL), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School
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Bosanac P, Hamilton B, Beatson J, Trett R, Rao S, Mancuso S, Castle D. Mentalization-based intervention to recurrent acute presentations and self-harm in a community mental health service setting. Australas Psychiatry 2015; 23:277-81. [PMID: 25944765 DOI: 10.1177/1039856215586148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A proof-of-concept study over an 18-month period to determine whether a mentalization-based intervention (MBI) in a metropolitan community mental health service, when added to a recovery-based model of care, would be of clinical benefit to borderline personality disorder (BPD) consumers with a history of recurrent, deliberate self-harm. The feasibility of implementing the intervention, and factors that could improve its implementation, will be evaluated. METHODS Three-monthly focus groups with participating community mental health service case managers (N = 8) assessed the implementation and the impact of an MBI added to a recovery model of care and the way the clinicians worked with consumers with BPD and recurrent, deliberate self-harm in this context. RESULTS Qualitative analysis revealed compatibility of the MBI with a recovery-based case management approach for the above group of consumers, albeit with operational barriers. CONCLUSIONS MBI with consumers with BPD appears to be compatible with recovery-focused psychiatric case management and was accepted by consumers. The case managers perceived that no harm was rendered in terms of deliberate self-harm and acute service utilization. The MBI led to a sense of improved therapeutic alliance in case managers working with consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bosanac
- Director Clinical Services, St Vincent's Mental Health, Fitzroy, VIC, and; Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bridget Hamilton
- Clinical Nurse Consultant, St Vincent's Mental Health, Fitzroy, VIC, and; Senior Lecturer, Coordinator Research Training, Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Josephine Beatson
- St Vincent's Mental Health, Fitzroy, VIC, and; Senior Clinical Adviser, Spectrum, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robert Trett
- Associate Clinical Director, Spectrum, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sathya Rao
- Consultant Psychiatrist, Spectrum, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sam Mancuso
- Research Coordinator, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David Castle
- Chair of Psychiatry, St Vincent's Mental Health, Fitzroy, VIC, and; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Brickman LJ, Ammerman BA, Look AE, Berman ME, McCloskey MS. The relationship between non-suicidal self-injury and borderline personality disorder symptoms in a college sample. Borderline Personal Disord Emot Dysregul 2014; 1:14. [PMID: 26401298 PMCID: PMC4579519 DOI: 10.1186/2051-6673-1-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a major concern in both clinical and non-clinical populations. It has been approximated that 65-80% of individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD) engage in some form of NSSI. Despite such high co-morbidity, much still remains unknown about the relationship between NSSI and BPD symptomatology. The goal of the current study was to identify individual BPD symptoms and higher order BPD factors that increase one's vulnerability of NSSI engagement among a college sample. It was hypothesized that the BPD factor of emotion dysregulation and the BPD symptoms of affect instability and intense anger/aggression would be associated with the presence and frequency of NSSI. METHOD Seven hundred twenty four undergraduates (61.2% female) completed self-report measures of BPD symptomology and NSSI history. RESULTS Regression analyses revealed that among the individual BPD symptoms, past suicidality, impulsivity, chronic emptiness, and identity disturbance were each significantly, positively associated with lifetime history of NSSI, whereas unstable relationships were negatively associated with lifetime history of NSSI. The BPD symptom associated with NSSI frequency was dissociation. Among the BPD factors, emotion dysregulation and disturbed relatedness were both associated with NSSI history, but only disturbed relatedness was associated with NSSI frequency. CONCLUSION Findings show partial support for the importance of emotion dysregulation in the relationship between NSSI and BPD symptomatology, but also suggest that the relationship may be more complex and not solely based on emotion dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren J Brickman
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, 1701 N. 13th Street, Weiss Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA
| | - Brooke A Ammerman
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, 1701 N. 13th Street, Weiss Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA
| | - Amy E Look
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, 1701 N. 13th Street, Weiss Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA
| | - Mitchell E Berman
- Department of Psychology, Lee Blvd, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, MS 39759 USA
| | - Michael S McCloskey
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, 1701 N. 13th Street, Weiss Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA
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