1
|
D'Iorio A, Benedetto GLD, Santangelo G. A meta-analysis on the neuropsychological correlates of Borderline Personality Disorder: An update. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 165:105860. [PMID: 39173987 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Previous research on Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) demonstrated dysfunction across a broad range of cognitive domains. However, the limited number of neuropsychological studies on BPD and their occasionally conflicting results have precluded a clear characterization of the neuropsychological features associated with this personality disorder. Therefore, the main aim of the present study is to provide an updated overview of neuropsychological functions related to BPD. A meta-analysis of 36 studies was performed, comparing the performance of BPD patients and healthy controls (HCs) across several cognitive domains. Significant differences between BPD patients and HCs in multiple cognitive domains were found. The smallest effect size was observed for general executive function, while the largest effect sizes were found in the long-term spatial memory and inhibition domains. In conclusion, the neuropsychological profile of BPD, characterized by deficits in inhibition as well as attention, memory, and executive functions, can result in difficulties in performing everyday activities. Accordingly, assessing neuropsychological functions could assist clinicians in developing more targeted non-pharmacological treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfonsina D'Iorio
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | | | - Gabriella Santangelo
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
D'Aurizio G, Di Stefano R, Socci V, Rossi A, Barlattani T, Pacitti F, Rossi R. The role of emotional instability in borderline personality disorder: a systematic review. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2023; 22:9. [PMID: 36918920 PMCID: PMC10011773 DOI: 10.1186/s12991-023-00439-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emotional regulation process plays a pivotal role in daily-life functioning, modulating goal-directed and adaptive behavior. Conversely, altering this cognitive function can disrupt self-regulation and bring emotional dysregulation. Emotional instability could represent a core characteristic of BPD, also modulating the BPD symptom's onset. This systematic review aims to summarize the existing literature reporting the role of emotional instability in BPD to better define the role of the impairment of the emotional processes in the onset of the cognitive and behavioral symptoms of this complex mental disorder. METHODS MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science were independently searched for relevant studies. Eligible studies had to be identifiable through database searching, published and accessible. This systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. The search period was from 2012 to 14 September 2022. RESULTS A pool of 120 studies was identified, out of which 11 met the selection criteria and were included. Overall, the studies confirm a relationship between emotional instability and borderline personality disorder. CONCLUSIONS The evidences retrieved seem to point out the role of the emotional impairment not only in worsening of the disorder, but could also be one of the risk factors for its onset.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia D'Aurizio
- Chair of Psychiatry, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio (Coppito 2), 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Ramona Di Stefano
- Chair of Psychiatry, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio (Coppito 2), 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Valentina Socci
- Chair of Psychiatry, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio (Coppito 2), 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rossi
- Chair of Psychiatry, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio (Coppito 2), 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Tommaso Barlattani
- Chair of Psychiatry, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio (Coppito 2), 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesca Pacitti
- Chair of Psychiatry, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio (Coppito 2), 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Rossi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Berenson KR, Van De Weert SM, Nicolaou S, Campoverde C, Rafaeli E, Downey G. Reward and Punishment Sensitivity in Borderline and Avoidant Personality Disorders. J Pers Disord 2021; 35:573-588. [PMID: 32163026 DOI: 10.1521/pedi_2020_34_475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The authors compared self-reported and behavioral responses to reward and punishment in individuals diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD) or avoidant personality disorder (APD) relative to a healthy comparison (HC) group. As predicted, self-reported sensitivity to reward was significantly higher in the BPD group than in the APD and HC groups. Also as predicted, self-reported sensitivity to punishment was significantly elevated in both disordered groups but significantly higher in APD than in BPD. These hypothesized patterns were also evident in responses to behavioral tasks: Participants with BPD made more errors of commission and fewer errors of omission than HC participants on a passive avoidance learning task, and participants with APD showed greater reactivity to losses than other participants on a probabilistic reversal learning task. Results help characterize differences between these two disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathy R Berenson
- Department of Psychology, Gettysburg College, Gettsyburg, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Cindy Campoverde
- Department of Psychology, Gettysburg College, Gettsyburg, Pennsylvania
| | - Eshkol Rafaeli
- Department of Psychology, Barnard College, New York, New York, and Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Israel
| | - Geraldine Downey
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hanegraaf L, van Baal S, Hohwy J, Verdejo-Garcia A. A systematic review and meta-analysis of 'Systems for Social Processes' in borderline personality and substance use disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 127:572-592. [PMID: 33865874 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Deficits in social processing (SP) have been proposed to underpin interpersonal dysfunction in both Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) and Substance Use Disorders (SUD). This study aimed to explore potential transdiagnostic cognitive and behavioral phenotypes of these disorders utilizing the NIMH Research Domain Criteria 'Systems for Social Processes'. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the published research was conducted on 134 studies identified through our database searches. Four meta-analyses were conducted, which revealed significant overlapping deficits in the ability to identify facial emotions and infer the mental states of others in both BPD and SUD. Further, people with BPD displayed a higher ostracism effect following perceived social exclusion. Systematically reviewed studies also revealed significant dysfunction amongst individuals with BPD and SUD across both self and other SP constructs, which were broadly similar in magnitude. Taken together, these results support the proposition that SP dysfunction may be considered a core transdiagnostic phenotype of BPD and SUD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Hanegraaf
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
| | - Simon van Baal
- Cognition and Philosophy Lab, Philosophy Department, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Jakob Hohwy
- Cognition and Philosophy Lab, Philosophy Department, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Antonio Verdejo-Garcia
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
The mediator role of BIS/BAS Systems in the Relationship between psychological symptoms and borderline personality features: Conformation from a non-Western sample. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01386-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
6
|
Wiesenfeller J, Flasbeck V, Brown EC, Brüne M. Approach and Avoidance Behavior in Female Patients With Borderline Personality Disorder. Front Behav Neurosci 2020; 14:588874. [PMID: 33335479 PMCID: PMC7736178 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.588874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is portrayed by unstable relationships, fears of abandonment and heightened sensitivity to social rejection. Research has shown that these characteristics may lead to inappropriate social behavior including altered approach-avoidance behavior. However, it has remained unclear how social exclusion may affect approach-avoidance behavior in patients with BPD. Design We assessed social approach-avoidance behavior and the impact of social exclusion in a sample of 38 patients with BPD and 40 healthy control participants. Methods We used an explicit joystick-based approach-avoidance task (AAT) after playing a virtual ball-tossing game (Cyberball), which simulates the exclusion of the participant by two other players. In the AAT, participants were required to push or pull emotional stimuli, more specifically happy and angry facial expressions, with either direct or averted gaze direction. Results Patients with BPD approached happy stimuli less and showed overall less differential approach-avoidance behavior toward individuals expressing positive or negative facial emotions compared to healthy participants, who showed more approach behavior for happy compared to angry facial expressions. Moreover, borderline symptom severity correlated inversely with the AAT score for happy facial expressions and positively with subjective unpleasantness during social exclusion as well as rejection sensitivity. However, social exclusion did not influence approach-avoidance tendencies. Conclusion Patients with BPD showed altered approach-avoidance behavior, which might affect social interactions in the patient’s everyday lives and may therefore impede social interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Wiesenfeller
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Preventive Medicine, Division of Social Neuropsychiatry and Evolutionary Medicine, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Vera Flasbeck
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Preventive Medicine, Division of Social Neuropsychiatry and Evolutionary Medicine, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Elliot C Brown
- Department of Decision Neuroscience and Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Nuthetal, Germany.,Neuroscience Research Center, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Brüne
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Preventive Medicine, Division of Social Neuropsychiatry and Evolutionary Medicine, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Vestergaard M, Kongerslev MT, Thomsen MS, Mathiesen BB, Harmer CJ, Simonsen E, Miskowiak KW. Women With Borderline Personality Disorder Show Reduced Identification of Emotional Facial Expressions and a Heightened Negativity Bias. J Pers Disord 2020; 34:677-698. [PMID: 30689504 DOI: 10.1521/pedi_2019_33_409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD) frequently display impairments in the identification of emotional facial expressions paralleled by a negativity bias. However, it remains unclear whether misperception of facial expressions is a key psychopathological marker of BPD. To address this question, the authors examined 43 women diagnosed with BPD and 56 healthy female controls using an emotion face identification task and a face dot-probe task together with measures on psychopathology. Compared to controls, women with BPD showed impaired identification of disgusted and angry faces concurrent with a bias to misclassify faces as angry, and a faster preconscious vigilance for fearful relative to happy facial expressions. Increased severity of borderline symptoms and global psychopathology in BPD patients were associated with reduced ability to identify angry facial expressions and a stronger negativity bias to anger. The findings indicate that BPD patients who misperceive face emotions have the greatest mental health issues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mickey T Kongerslev
- Psychiatric Research Unit, Psychiatry Region Zealand, Denmark.,Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark.,Psychiatric Clinic, Psychiatry Roskilde, Region Zealand, Denmark
| | - Marianne S Thomsen
- Psychiatric Research Unit, Psychiatry Region Zealand, Denmark.,Psychiatric Clinic, Psychiatry Roskilde, Region Zealand, Denmark.,Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Erik Simonsen
- Psychiatric Research Unit, Psychiatry Region Zealand, Denmark.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kamilla W Miskowiak
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.,Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Centre, Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Loijen A, Vrijsen JN, Egger JI, Becker ES, Rinck M. Biased approach-avoidance tendencies in psychopathology: A systematic review of their assessment and modification. Clin Psychol Rev 2020; 77:101825. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
9
|
Bortolla R, Cavicchioli M, Fossati A, Maffei C. Emotional Reactivity in Borderline Personality Disorder: Theoretical Considerations Based on a Meta-Analytic Review of Laboratory Studies. J Pers Disord 2020; 34:64-87. [PMID: 30355020 DOI: 10.1521/pedi_2018_32_382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Emotional hyperreactivity (Linehan, 1993) is the most investigated construct in borderline personality disorder (BPD). However, experimental studies revealed mixed results on the topic. Our main objective is to comprehensively summarize the results on emotional reactivity in BPD compared to healthy controls (HCs), using a meta-analytic approach, considering different emotional response systems (physiology, behavior, self-report). We included 31 experimental studies (1,675 subjects). We observed null to small effect sizes for several physiological and behavioral outcomes. Conversely, BPD subjects revealed a moderate to large difference in valence attributed to emotional stimuli and a small difference in self-reported arousal. Significant differences in pooled effect sizes were found between self-report and physiological outcomes. Several sources of heterogeneity were explored. In general, the hyperreactivity hypothesis was not supported. Additional dysfunctional processes should be taken into consideration to understand BPD emotional responsiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Cesare Maffei
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,San Raffaele Hospital, Milan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Papousek I, Wimmer S, Lackner HK, Schulter G, Perchtold CM, Paechter M. Trait positive affect and students’ prefrontal EEG alpha asymmetry responses during a simulated exam situation. Biol Psychol 2019; 148:107762. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2019.107762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
11
|
Sim S, Shin JE, Sohn YW. Effects of Non-verbal Priming on Attachment-Style Activation. Front Psychol 2019; 10:684. [PMID: 31024376 PMCID: PMC6459896 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Using an affective priming procedure, two experiments examined the effects of non-verbal cues on activating attachment styles. In Study 1, the secure attachment group, which was primed non-verbally, showed higher levels of self-esteem, interpersonal competence, and positive affect than the insecure attachment group, which was also primed non-verbally. In contrast, no significant difference was found between the two attachment groups that were primed verbally. In Study 2, using a different priming method and adding a neutral group, similar interactions between priming modality (non-verbal or verbal cues) and attachment styles were found: the differences in self-esteem, interpersonal competence, and positive affect between the secure attachment group, neutral group, and insecure attachment group were greater when primed non-verbally than when primed verbally. Finally, the limitations of the research and recommendations for follow-up study are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suhyung Sim
- Department of Psychology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji-eun Shin
- Department of Psychology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Young Woo Sohn
- Department of Psychology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Turner D, Wittekind CE, Briken P, Fromberger P, Moritz S, Rettenberger M. Approach and Avoidance Biases Toward Sexual Stimuli and Their Association with the Dual Control Model of Sexual Response in Heterosexual Men. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2019; 48:867-880. [PMID: 30238184 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-018-1289-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Many models of human behavior work in an interaction of a dual system. While one system usually represents controlled and reflective behavioral responses, the other system reflects automatic and impulsive actions. In the impulsive system, positive stimuli initiate approach reactions and negative cues avoidance reactions. Besides stimulus valence, the behavioral response triggered by the impulsive system is influenced by personality (e.g., the propensity to react with approach or avoidance biases in a specific situation). The present study applied a computerized Approach-Avoidance Task (AAT; Rinck & Becker, 2007) to assess automatic behavioral approach and avoidance biases toward sexual and neutral stimuli in heterosexual men (N = 40). Individual AAT-performance was furthermore related to sexual excitation (SES) and the two sexual inhibition factors (SIS1 and SIS2) as proposed by the Dual Control Model of sexual response (Bancroft & Janssen, 2000). Against our hypotheses, participants did not show a stronger approach bias toward sexually preferred (i.e., images of women) than sexually not preferred stimuli (i.e., images of men or children). However, stronger approach biases toward images of women were positively associated with sexual excitation and negatively correlated with sexual inhibition due to a threat of performance failure (SIS1) even after controlling for potential confounds (i.e., general behavioral activation and inhibition). The results support the importance of the influence of dispositional traits measured with the Dual Control Model of sexual response on approach and avoidance biases toward sexually preferred stimuli in heterosexual men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Turner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Untere Zahlbacherstraße 8, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
- Institute for Sex Research and Forensic Psychiatry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Charlotte E Wittekind
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, LMU, Munich, Germany
- Clinical Neuropsychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peer Briken
- Institute for Sex Research and Forensic Psychiatry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter Fromberger
- Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Forensic Psychiatry, Human Medical Center Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Steffen Moritz
- Clinical Neuropsychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Rettenberger
- Institute for Sex Research and Forensic Psychiatry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Centre for Criminology (Kriminologische Zentralstelle - KrimZ), Wiesbaden, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Are emotional action tendencies and attentional bias related to temperament dimensions in patients with borderline personality disorder? Psychiatry Res 2018; 266:247-252. [PMID: 29576411 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Disturbances in emotion regulation have been identified as a core feature of patients with a borderline personality disorder (BPD). Findings of studies using experimental measures of emotion processing are mixed, which may be partially explained by the heterogeneity of the BPD population. To address this issue, we investigated differences in experimental measures of emotional action tendencies (approach-avoidance behaviour) and attentional bias to emotional stimuli in BPD subtypes. Data of the Approach-Avoidance Task (AAT) and the Emotional Stroop Task (EST) were collected in 140 BPD patients, previously clustered into four BPD subtypes based on temperament dimensions. We investigated (1) the relationship between temperament dimensions and the performance on the AAT and EST and (2) compared performance on these tasks in previous defined BPD subtypes. The results of the present study demonstrated a positive relationship between effortful control (EC) and AAT effect-scores. A higher level of EC was positively associated with a general emotional action tendency towards faces with directed gaze, even when controlling for gender, age and BPD severity. Preliminary results on the comparison of the BPD subtypes demonstrated no significant differences in AAT and EST performance. These findings emphasize the relevance of EC in emotional action tendencies in BPD patients.
Collapse
|
14
|
Fineberg SK, Leavitt J, Landry CD, Neustadter ES, Lesser RE, Stahl DS, Deutsch-Link S, Corlett PR. Individuals with Borderline Personality Disorder show larger preferred social distance in live dyadic interactions. Psychiatry Res 2018; 260:384-390. [PMID: 29248760 PMCID: PMC5972044 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Personal space regulation is a key component of effective social engagement. Personal space varies among individuals and with some mental health conditions. Simulated personal space intrusions in Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) reveal larger preferred interpersonal distance in that setting. These findings led us to conduct the first test of live interpersonal distance preferences in symptoms in BPD. With direct observation of subjects' personal space behavior in the stop-distance paradigm, we found a 2-fold larger preferred interpersonal distance in BPD than control (n = 30, n = 23). We discuss this result in context of known biology and etiology of BPD. Future work is needed to identify neural circuits underlying personal space regulation in BPD, individual differences in preferred interpersonal distance in relation to specific symptoms and relationship to recovery status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K. Fineberg
- Yale University Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT, USA,Sarah Fineberg, MD, PhD; Yale University Department of Psychiatry Connecticut Mental Health Center, 34 Park Street, New Haven CT 06519 203-974-7265
| | - Jacob Leavitt
- Yale University Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Eli S. Neustadter
- Department of Psychological Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cedars Sinai Medical Center
| | - Rebecca E. Lesser
- Department of Psychological Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cedars Sinai Medical Center
| | - Dylan S. Stahl
- Yale University Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT, USA,Knox College, Galesburg, IL, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Papousek I, Aydin N, Rominger C, Feyaerts K, Schmid-Zalaudek K, Lackner HK, Fink A, Schulter G, Weiss EM. DSM-5 personality trait domains and withdrawal versus approach motivational tendencies in response to the perception of other people’s desperation and angry aggression. Biol Psychol 2018; 132:106-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
16
|
Bertsch K, Roelofs K, Roch PJ, Ma B, Hensel S, Herpertz SC, Volman I. Neural correlates of emotional action control in anger-prone women with borderline personality disorder. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2018; 43:170102. [PMID: 29336775 PMCID: PMC5915237 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.170102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Difficulty in controlling emotional impulses is a crucial component of borderline personality disorder (BPD) that often leads to destructive, impulsive behaviours against others. In line with recent findings in aggressive individuals, deficits in prefrontal amygdala coupling during emotional action control may account for these symptoms. METHODS To study the neurobiological correlates of altered emotional action control in individuals with BPD, we asked medication-free, anger-prone, female patients with BPD and age- and intelligence-matched healthy women to take part in an approach-avoidance task while lying in an MRI scanner. The task required controlling fast behavioural tendencies to approach happy and avoid angry faces. Additionally, before the task we collected saliva testosterone and self-reported information on tendencies to act out anger and correlated this with behavioural and functional MRI (fMRI) data. RESULTS We included 30 patients and 28 controls in our analysis. Patients with BPD reported increased tendencies to act out anger and were faster in approaching than avoiding angry faces than with healthy women, suggesting deficits in emotional action control in women with BPD. On a neural level, controlling fast emotional action tendencies was associated with enhanced activation in the antero- and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex across groups. Healthy women showed a negative coupling between the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and right amygdala, whereas this was absent in patients with BPD. LIMITATIONS Specificity of results to BPD and sex differences remain unknown owing to the lack of clinical control groups and male participants. CONCLUSION The results indicate reduced lateral prefrontal-amygdala communication during emotional action control in anger-prone women with BPD. The findings provide a possible neural mechanism underlying difficulties with controlling emotional impulses in patients with BPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katja Bertsch
- From the Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (Bertsch, Herpertz); the Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Roelofs); Division of Experimental Radiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (Ma); the Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany (Hensel); and the Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK (Volman)
| | - Karin Roelofs
- From the Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (Bertsch, Herpertz); the Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Roelofs); Division of Experimental Radiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (Ma); the Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany (Hensel); and the Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK (Volman)
| | - Paul Jonathan Roch
- From the Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (Bertsch, Herpertz); the Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Roelofs); Division of Experimental Radiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (Ma); the Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany (Hensel); and the Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK (Volman)
| | - Bo Ma
- From the Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (Bertsch, Herpertz); the Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Roelofs); Division of Experimental Radiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (Ma); the Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany (Hensel); and the Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK (Volman)
| | - Saskia Hensel
- From the Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (Bertsch, Herpertz); the Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Roelofs); Division of Experimental Radiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (Ma); the Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany (Hensel); and the Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK (Volman)
| | - Sabine C Herpertz
- From the Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (Bertsch, Herpertz); the Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Roelofs); Division of Experimental Radiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (Ma); the Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany (Hensel); and the Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK (Volman)
| | - Inge Volman
- From the Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (Bertsch, Herpertz); the Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Roelofs); Division of Experimental Radiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (Ma); the Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany (Hensel); and the Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK (Volman)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Brooker BA, Ostojic D, Miller CJ. Symptom covariance accounts for behavioral approach associations across impulse control disorders. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 10:199-208. [PMID: 29168110 DOI: 10.1007/s12402-017-0245-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral approach system (BAS) dysfunction has been identified as a correlate of and a potential mechanism for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and comorbid disorders. This study examined the role of symptom covariation in the relations among BAS dysfunction, ADHD symptoms, and comorbid impulsive personality disorder features. Undergraduates (N = 207) completed measures of BAS functioning, ADHD symptoms, and borderline and antisocial personality disorder symptoms, and associated features (i.e., relational aggression). Hierarchical regression suggested that age, impulsive ADHD symptoms, and relational aggression were associated with BAS functioning. Adding other ADHD symptom dimensions (inattention, hyperactivity) and antisocial and borderline scores to the model did not increase variance accounted for beyond that accounted for by ADHD impulsivity scores. Results highlight a role of symptom covariance in the previously demonstrated relation between BAS, impulsive presentations of ADHD, and comorbid impulsive personality pathology. Implications for etiological models of ADHD and its co-occurrence with other disorders are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brianne A Brooker
- Department of Psychology, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Dragana Ostojic
- Department of Psychology, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Carlin J Miller
- Department of Psychology, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Trousselard M, Canini F. Réaction de défense et confrontation péritraumatique : intérêt d’une approche éthologique. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF TRAUMA & DISSOCIATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejtd.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
19
|
Dixon-Gordon KL, Peters JR, Fertuck EA, Yen S. Emotional Processes in Borderline Personality Disorder: An Update for Clinical Practice. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOTHERAPY INTEGRATION 2017; 27:425-438. [PMID: 29527105 PMCID: PMC5842953 DOI: 10.1037/int0000044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Despite prior assumptions about poor prognosis, the surge in research on borderline personality disorder (BPD) over the past several decades shows that it is treatable and can have a good prognosis. Prominent theories of BPD highlight the importance of emotional dysfunction as core to this disorder. However, recent empirical research suggests a more nuanced view of emotional dysfunction in BPD. This research is reviewed in the present article, with a view towards how these laboratory-based findings can influence clinical work with individuals suffering from BPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Dixon-Gordon
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Department of Psychological and Brain Science, 135 Hicks Way, Amherst, MA 01002
| | - Jessica R Peters
- Alpert Brown Medical School, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Box G-BH, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Eric A Fertuck
- The City College of New York, The City University of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, North Academic Center, Room 7/239, New York, NY 10031
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032
| | - Shirley Yen
- Alpert Brown Medical School, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Box G-BH, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
López-Pérez B, Ambrona T, Gummerum M. Interpersonal emotion regulation in Asperger's syndrome and borderline personality disorder. BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2016; 56:103-113. [PMID: 27990657 DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Interpersonal emotion regulation (ER) plays a significant role in how individuals meet others' emotional needs and shape social interactions, as it is key to initiating and maintaining high-quality social relationships. Given that individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD) or Asperger's syndrome (AS) exhibit problems in social interactions, the aim of this study was to examine their use of different interpersonal ER strategies compared to normative control participants. METHODS Thirty individuals with AS, 30 with BPD, and 60 age-, gender-, and education-matched control participants completed a battery of measures to assess interpersonal ER, which assessed to what extent participants tended to engage in interpersonal affect improvement and worsening and to what extent they used different strategies. Before completing those measures, all groups were screened for disorders of Axis I and Axis II with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I and Axis II Disorders. RESULTS Compared to controls, individuals with AS and with BPD engaged less in affect improvement. No differences were found for affect worsening. Individuals with AS reported to use less adaptive (attention deployment, cognitive change) and more maladaptive (expressive suppression) interpersonal ER strategies, compared to individuals with BPD and control participants who did not differ from each other. CONCLUSIONS The obtained results suggest the need to develop tailored ER interventions for each of the clinical groups studied. Furthermore, they highlight the need to study further potential differences in intrapersonal and interpersonal ER in clinical populations. PRACTITIONER POINTS Individuals with Asperger's syndrome (AS) and borderline personality disorder (BPD) engaged significantly less than healthy controls in interpersonal affect improvement. Individuals with BPD did not differ from healthy controls in the use of interpersonal strategies. Individuals with AS reported to use more maladaptive and less adaptive strategies than BPD individuals and healthy controls. Understanding differences in interpersonal emotion regulation in individuals with AS and with BPD and normative controls might help practitioners develop better interventions.
Collapse
|
21
|
Reddy LF, Green MF, Wynn JK, Rinck M, Horan WP. Approaching anger in schizophrenia: What an implicit task tells you that self-report does not. Schizophr Res 2016; 176:514-519. [PMID: 27242068 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Motivational deficits are important determinants of impaired social functioning in schizophrenia, yet we know very little about their precise nature. One influential model of motivation distinguishes between approach and avoidance neurobiological systems that impact the tendency to approach rewarding and avoid threatening stimuli. The current study evaluated approach and avoidance motivational tendencies using both implicit and explicit measures. One-hundred and sixteen individuals with schizophrenia and 73 healthy controls completed the implicit Approach Avoidance Task (AAT) which provides a reaction time-based measure of approach and avoidance tendencies for happy and angry faces, and the Behavioral Inhibition/Behavioral Activation System Scale (BIS/BAS), a self-report measure of approach and avoidance tendencies. The patient sample was re-administered the AAT four weeks later to evaluate re-test reliability. At baseline, patients showed a significant tendency to approach (rather than avoid) angry faces on the AAT. This same pattern was replicated at the follow-up assessment. In contrast, on the BIS/BAS, patients reported significantly elevated BIS scores, reflecting increased avoidance of aversive, anxiety-inducing stimuli. Results suggest a discrepancy between patients' implicit behavioral tendency to approach angry faces and their self-reported avoidance of aversive stimuli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Felice Reddy
- Department of Veterans Affairs VISN 22 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States; UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, United States.
| | - Michael F Green
- Department of Veterans Affairs VISN 22 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States; UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, United States
| | - Jonathan K Wynn
- Department of Veterans Affairs VISN 22 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States; UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, United States
| | - Mike Rinck
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - William P Horan
- Department of Veterans Affairs VISN 22 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States; UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Radke S, Seidel EM, Eickhoff SB, Gur RC, Schneider F, Habel U, Derntl B. When opportunity meets motivation: Neural engagement during social approach is linked to high approach motivation. Neuroimage 2016; 127:267-276. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|
23
|
Radke S, Pfersmann V, Derntl B. The impact of emotional faces on social motivation in schizophrenia. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2015; 265:613-22. [PMID: 25724560 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-015-0589-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Impairments in emotion recognition and psychosocial functioning are a robust phenomenon in schizophrenia and may affect motivational behavior, particularly during socio-emotional interactions. To characterize potential deficits and their interplay, we assessed social motivation covering various facets, such as implicit and explicit approach-avoidance tendencies to facial expressions, in 27 patients with schizophrenia (SZP) and 27 matched healthy controls (HC). Moreover, emotion recognition abilities as well as self-reported behavioral activation and inhibition were evaluated. Compared to HC, SZP exhibited less pronounced approach-avoidance ratings to happy and angry expressions along with prolonged reactions during automatic approach-avoidance. Although deficits in emotion recognition were replicated, these were not associated with alterations in social motivation. Together with additional connections between psychopathology and several approach-avoidance processes, these results identify motivational impairments in SZP and suggest a complex relationship between different aspects of social motivation. In the context of specialized interventions aimed at improving social cognitive abilities in SZP, the link between such dynamic measures, motivational profiles and functional outcomes warrants further investigations, which can provide important leverage points for treatment. Crucially, our findings present first insights into the assessment and identification of target features of social motivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sina Radke
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany. .,JARA - Translational Brain Medicine, Jülich/Aachen, Germany.
| | | | - Birgit Derntl
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,JARA - Translational Brain Medicine, Jülich/Aachen, Germany.,Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Schienle A, Wabnegger A, Schöngassner F, Leutgeb V. Effects of personal space intrusion in affective contexts: an fMRI investigation with women suffering from borderline personality disorder. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2015; 10:1424-8. [PMID: 25809402 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsv034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The amygdala and the parietal cortex play a key role in the neural representation of personal space. Although the concept of personal space is clinically very relevant for borderline personality disorder (BPD), especially in affective contexts, it has not been investigated thus far with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In this fMRI study, 25 female BPD patients and 25 healthy women were exposed to photos of angry, disgusted and neutral facial expressions. All stimuli were once shown as still photos, and once were zoomed-in in order to simulate intrusion into one's own personal space. Approaching faces generally provoked activation of the amygdala and the somatosensory cortex. BPD patients showed an increased activation within both regions, but only toward approaching disgusted faces. Their amygdala activation in this specific condition positively correlated with self-disgust scores. Moreover, the clinical group indicated an enhanced personal distance preference, which was associated with parietal activation. The present study revealed altered personal space processing of BPD patients, especially in situations that relate to social contexts involving disgust. Future studies should focus on the temporal stability of personal space processing during the natural course of BPD as well as during therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Schienle
- Clinical Psychology, University of Graz, BioTechMedGraz, Graz, Austria
| | - Albert Wabnegger
- Clinical Psychology, University of Graz, BioTechMedGraz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Verena Leutgeb
- Clinical Psychology, University of Graz, BioTechMedGraz, Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yu F, Ye R, Sun S, Carretié L, Zhang L, Dong Y, Zhu C, Luo Y, Wang K. Dissociation of neural substrates of response inhibition to negative information between implicit and explicit facial Go/Nogo tasks: evidence from an electrophysiological study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109839. [PMID: 25330212 PMCID: PMC4199673 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although ample evidence suggests that emotion and response inhibition are interrelated at the behavioral and neural levels, neural substrates of response inhibition to negative facial information remain unclear. Thus we used event-related potential (ERP) methods to explore the effects of explicit and implicit facial expression processing in response inhibition. METHODS We used implicit (gender categorization) and explicit emotional Go/Nogo tasks (emotion categorization) in which neutral and sad faces were presented. Electrophysiological markers at the scalp and the voxel level were analyzed during the two tasks. RESULTS We detected a task, emotion and trial type interaction effect in the Nogo-P3 stage. Larger Nogo-P3 amplitudes during sad conditions versus neutral conditions were detected with explicit tasks. However, the amplitude differences between the two conditions were not significant for implicit tasks. Source analyses on P3 component revealed that right inferior frontal junction (rIFJ) was involved during this stage. The current source density (CSD) of rIFJ was higher with sad conditions compared to neutral conditions for explicit tasks, rather than for implicit tasks. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicated that response inhibition was modulated by sad facial information at the action inhibition stage when facial expressions were processed explicitly rather than implicitly. The rIFJ may be a key brain region in emotion regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengqiong Yu
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuropsychology, Department of Medical Psychology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Rong Ye
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuropsychology, Department of Medical Psychology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shiyue Sun
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Luis Carretié
- Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lei Zhang
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuropsychology, Department of Medical Psychology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yi Dong
- Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China
| | - Chunyan Zhu
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuropsychology, Department of Medical Psychology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuejia Luo
- Institute of Social and affective Neuroscience, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuropsychology, Department of Medical Psychology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|