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Hoge EA, Simon NM, Szuhany K, Feldman B, Rosenfield D, Hoeppner S, Jennings E, Khalsa SB, Hofmann SG. Comparing Kundalini Yoga, cognitive behavioral therapy, and stress education for generalized anxiety disorder: Anxiety and depression symptom outcomes. Psychiatry Res 2023; 327:115362. [PMID: 37598625 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Increasingly, individuals with anxiety disorders are seeking mind-body interventions (e.g., yoga), but their effectiveness is unclear. This report summarizes seven additional, secondary outcomes measuring anxiety and depression symptoms from a study of 226 adults with generalized anxiety disorder who were randomized to 12-week Kundalini Yoga, Cognitive-Behavior Therapy (CBT) or stress education (control). At post-treatment, participants receiving CBT displayed significantly lower symptom severity, compared to those in the control group, on 6 of the 7 measures. Participants who received Yoga (vs. those in the control group) displayed lower symptom severity on 3 of the 7 measures. No significant differences were detected between participants receiving CBT vs those receiving Yoga. At the 6-month follow-up, participants from the CBT continued to display lower symptoms than the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Hoge
- Georgetown University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, 2115 Wisconsin Ave, NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC, 20007, USA.
| | - Naomi M Simon
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New York NY 10016, USA
| | - Kristin Szuhany
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New York NY 10016, USA
| | - Benjamin Feldman
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New York NY 10016, USA
| | - David Rosenfield
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Expressway Tower 1100N, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Susanne Hoeppner
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Richard B. Simches Research Center, 185 Cambridge St., Suite 2000, Boston MA, USA
| | - Emma Jennings
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New York NY 10016, USA
| | - Sat Bir Khalsa
- Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston MA, USA
| | - Stefan G Hofmann
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, 900 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Clinical Psychology, Philipps-University Marburg, Schulstrasse 12, 35037 Marburg, Germany
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Pierce B, Kirsh T, Ferguson AR, Neylan TC, Ma S, Kummerfeld E, Cohen BE, Nielson JL. Causal discovery replicates symptomatic and functional interrelations of posttraumatic stress across five patient populations. Front Psychiatry 2023; 13:1018111. [PMID: 36793783 PMCID: PMC9924232 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1018111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Approximately half of individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may meet criteria for other psychiatric disorders, and PTSD symptoms are associated with diminished health and psychosocial functioning. However, few studies examine the longitudinal progression of PTSD symptoms concurrent with related symptom domains and functional outcomes, such that may neglect important longitudinal patterns of symptom progression beyond PTSD specifically. Methods Therefore, we used longitudinal causal discovery analysis to examine the longitudinal interrelations among PTSD symptoms, depressive symptoms, substance abuse, and various other domains of functioning in five longitudinal cohorts representing veterans (n = 241), civilians seeking treatment for anxiety disorders (n = 79), civilian women seeking treatment for post-traumatic stress and substance abuse (n = 116), active duty military members assessed 0-90 days following TBI (n = 243), and civilians with a history of TBI (n = 43). Results The analyses revealed consistent, directed associations from PTSD symptoms to depressive symptoms, independent longitudinal trajectories of substance use problems, and cascading indirect relations from PTSD symptoms to social functioning through depression as well as direct relations from PTSD symptoms to TBI outcomes. Discussion Our findings suggest PTSD symptoms primarily drive depressive symptoms over time, tend to show independence from substance use symptoms, and may cascade into impairment in other domains. The results have implications for refining conceptualization of PTSD co-morbidity and can inform prognostic and treatment hypotheses about individuals experiencing PTSD symptoms along with co-occurring distress or impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Pierce
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Thomas Kirsh
- Institute for Health Informatics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Adam R. Ferguson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Brain and Spinal Injury Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Thomas C. Neylan
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Sisi Ma
- Institute for Health Informatics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Erich Kummerfeld
- Institute for Health Informatics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Beth E. Cohen
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jessica L. Nielson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Institute for Health Informatics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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Wang Y, Jacques JJ, Li Z, Sibille KT, Cook RL. Health Outcomes among Adults Initiating Medical Cannabis for Chronic Pain: A 3-month Prospective Study Incorporating Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA). CANNABIS (ALBUQUERQUE, N.M.) 2021; 4:69-83. [PMID: 34671723 PMCID: PMC8525881 DOI: 10.26828/cannabis/2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
In response to the need of more rigorous data on medical cannabis and chronic pain, we conducted a 3-month prospective study incorporating ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to examine the effects of medical cannabis on pain, anxiety/depression, sleep, and quality of life. Data were collected from 46 adults (Mean age=55.7±11.9, 52.2% male) newly initiating medical cannabis treatment for chronic pain. Participants completed a baseline survey, EMA for approximately 1 week pre- and up to 3 weeks post- medical cannabis treatment, and a 3-month follow-up survey. The self-reported EMA data (2535 random and 705 daily assessments) indicated significant reductions in momentary pain intensity (b = -16.5, p < .001, 16.5 points reduction on 0-100 visual analog) and anxiety (b = -0.89, p < .05), and significant increase in daily sleep duration (b = 0.34, p < .01) and sleep quality (b = 0.32, p <.001) after participants initiated medical cannabis for a few weeks. At 3 months, self-reported survey data showed significantly lower levels of worst pain (t = -2.38, p < .05), pain interference (t = -3.82, p < .05), and depression (t = -3.43, p < .01), as well as increased sleep duration (t = 3.95, p < .001), sleep quality (t = -3.04, p < .01), and quality of life (t = 4.48, p < .001) compared to baseline. In our sample of primarily middle-aged and older adults with chronic pain, medical cannabis was associated with reduced pain intensity/inference, lower anxiety/depression, and improved sleep and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | | | - Zhigang Li
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Kimberly T. Sibille
- Department of Aging & Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Robert L. Cook
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
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Shafran R, Wroe A, Nagra S, Pissaridou E, Coughtrey A. Cognitive behaviour treatment of co-occurring depression and generalised anxiety in routine clinical practice. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201226. [PMID: 30048513 PMCID: PMC6062076 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anxiety and depression are closely associated. However, they are typically treated separately and there is a dearth of information on tackling them together. Aims The study’s purpose was to establish how best to treat co-occurring anxiety and depression in a routine clinical service—specifically, to compare cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) focusing only on depression (CBT-D) to a broader CBT focusing on both depression and anxiety (CBT-DA). Method Case notes of 69 patients with equally severe clinical levels of depression and anxiety seen in a routine clinical service were randomly selected to review from a pool of 990 patients. The mean age was 44.61 years (SD = 12.97). 65% of the sample were female and 88% reported their ethnicity white. The content of electronic records reporting techniques used and scores on a measure of depression (The Patient Health Questionnaire) and anxiety (The Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment) were reviewed to categorise therapy as CBT-D or CBT-DA. Results Results indicated significant overall improvement with CBT; 70% and 77% of the sample met criteria for reliable improvement on The Patient Health Questionnaire and The Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment respectively. Fewer patients who received CBT-DA met The Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment recovery criteria at the end of treatment than those who received CBT-D. Mean post treatment PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores remained above threshold for those receiving CBT_DA but not those receiving CBT-D. There was no evidence suggesting CBT-DA was superior to CBT-D. Conclusions In patients with equally severe clinical levels of depression and anxiety, a broader treatment addressing both anxiety and depression does not appear to be associated with improved outcomes compared to treatment focused on depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roz Shafran
- Population, Policy and Practice, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Abigail Wroe
- Berkshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Berkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Sasha Nagra
- Berkshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Berkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Eleni Pissaridou
- Population, Policy and Practice, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Coughtrey
- Population, Policy and Practice, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, London, United Kingdom
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Chlebowy DO, Batscha C, Kubiak N, Crawford T. Relationships of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress with Adherence to Self-Management Behaviors and Diabetes Measures in African American Adults with Type 2 Diabetes. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2018; 6:71-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s40615-018-0500-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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