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Groen G, Jörns-Presentati A, Dessauvagie A, Seedat S, van den Heuvel LL, Suliman S, Grobler G, Jansen R, Mwape L, Mukwato P, Chapima F, Korhonen J, Stein DJ, Jonker D, Mudenda J, Turunen T, Valtiņš K, Beinaroviča A, Grada L, Lahti M. Development of a Mobile Application for Detection of Adolescent Mental Health Problems and Feasibility Assessment with Primary Health Care Workers. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2022; 43:1046-1055. [PMID: 36205922 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2022.2124003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: There has been a sharp increase in the use of digital health interventions in global health, particularly mobile health applications, in recent years. The extreme shortage of health care providers trained in mental health screening and intervention in low- and middle-income countries raises questions about the applicability of mobile applications to deliver these services due to their accessibility and availability. This exploratory paper describes the development and feasibility assessment of a mobile screening application for the detection of mental disorders among adolescents in Zambia and South Africa. Methods: Eighty-two health care workers (HCW) working in primary care evaluated the acceptability and practicality of the mobile screening application after receiving brief training. The evaluation included questions from the Mobile Application Rating Scale (MARS) as well as open-ended questions. Results: The acceptability of the screening app was high and study participants were positive about using the app in routine care. Problems with internet connectivity, and time and staff constraints were perceived as the main barriers to regular use. Conclusion: HCW in primary care were able and willing to use a mobile screening app for the detection of mental health problems among treatment-seeking adolescents. Implementation in clinical practice needs to be further evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunter Groen
- Department of Social Work, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Anja Dessauvagie
- Department of Social Work, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Soraya Seedat
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.,South African Medical Research Council/Stellenbosch, University Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Leigh L van den Heuvel
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.,South African Medical Research Council/Stellenbosch, University Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sharain Suliman
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.,South African Medical Research Council/Stellenbosch, University Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gerhard Grobler
- Clinical Unit, Psychiatry, Steve Biko Academic Hospital and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Ronelle Jansen
- School of Nursing, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Lonia Mwape
- Department of Nursing, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | | | - Fabian Chapima
- Department of Nursing, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Joonas Korhonen
- Nursing Science Department, Health and Well-being, Turku University of Applied Sciences, Turku, Finland
| | - Dan J Stein
- SA MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Deborah Jonker
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - John Mudenda
- Medical Education, Lusaka Apex Medical University, Lusaka, Zambia
| | | | | | | | | | - Mari Lahti
- Nursing Science Department, Health and Well-being, Turku University of Applied Sciences, Turku, Finland.,Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Babu B. Integrating technology into 21 st century psychiatry. ARCHIVES OF MENTAL HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/amh.amh_117_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Malhotra S, Chakrabarti S, Shah R. A model for digital mental healthcare: Its usefulness and potential for service delivery in low- and middle-income countries. Indian J Psychiatry 2019; 61:27-36. [PMID: 30745651 PMCID: PMC6341930 DOI: 10.4103/psychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_350_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using digital technology to deliver mental health care can possibly serve as a viable adjunct or alternative to mainstream services in lessening the mental health gap in a large number of resource deficient and LAMI countries. Conventional models of telepsychiatric services available so far, however, have been inadequate and ineffective, as these address only a small component of care, and rely on engagement of specialists who are grossly insufficient in numbers. AIM To describe an innovative digital model of mental health care, enabling and empowering the non-specialists to deliver high quality mental health care in remote areas. METHODS The model is powered by an online, fully automated clinical decision support system (CDSS), with interlinked modules for diagnosis, management and follow-up, usable by non-specialists after brief training and minimal supervision by psychiatrist, to deliver mental health care at remote sites. RESULTS The CDSS has been found to be highly reliable, feasible, with sufficient sensitivity and specificity. This paper describes the model and initial experience with the digital mental health care system deployed in three geographically difficult and remote areas in northern hill states in India. The online system was found to be reasonably comprehensive, brief, feasible, user-friendly, with high levels of patient satisfaction. 2594 patients assessed at the three remote sites and the nodal center represented varied diagnoses. CONCLUSIONS The digital model described here has the potential to serve as an effective alternative or adjunct for delivering comprehensive and high quality mental health care in LAMI countries like India in the primary and secondary care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savita Malhotra
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Subho Chakrabarti
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ruchita Shah
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Telemental Health in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review. Int J Telemed Appl 2018; 2018:9602821. [PMID: 30519259 PMCID: PMC6241375 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9602821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The rising incidence of mental illness and its impact on individuals, families, and societies is becoming a major public health concern, especially in resource-constrained countries. Consequently, there is an increasing demand for mental health services in many middle- and low-income countries (LMIC). Challenges such as inequality in access, lack of staff and hospital beds, and underfunding, often present in the LMIC, might in part be addressed by telemental health services. However, little is known about telemental health in the LMIC. Methods A systematic review was performed, drawing on several electronic databases, including PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Springer Link, and Google Scholar. Original English language studies on the practice of telemental health in LMIC, involving patients and published between 1 January 2000 and 16 February 2017, were included. Results Nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Most of the articles were recent, which may reflect an increasing focus on telemental health in the LMIC. Eight of these studies were from Asia. Eight of the studies were interventional/randomized controlled trials, and 11 examined general mental health issues. Videoconferencing was the most frequently (6) studied telemental modality. Other modalities studied were online decision support systems (3), text messaging and bibliotherapy (1), e-chatting combined with videoconferencing (1), online therapy (2), e-counseling (1), store-and-forward technology (1), telephone follow-up (1), online discussion groups (1), audiovisual therapy and bibliotherapy (1), and computerized occupational therapy (1). Although many of the studies showed that telemental services had positive outcomes, some studies reported no postintervention improvements. Conclusion The review shows a rising trend in telemental activity in the LMIC. There is a greater need for telemental health in the LMIC, but more research is needed on empirical and theoretical aspects of telemental activity in the LMIC and on direct comparisons between telemental activity in the LMIC and the non-LMIC.
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Malhotra S, Chakrabarti S, Shah R, Sharma M, Sharma KP, Malhotra A, Upadhyaya SK, Margoob MA, Maqbool D, Jassal GD. Telepsychiatry clinical decision support system used by non-psychiatrists in remote areas: Validity & reliabilityof diagnostic module. Indian J Med Res 2018; 146:196-204. [PMID: 29265020 PMCID: PMC5761029 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_757_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives: A knowledge-based, logically-linked online telepsychiatric decision support system for diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders was developed and validated. We evaluated diagnostic accuracy and reliability of the application at remote sites when used by non-psychiatrists who underwent a brief training in its use through video-conferencing. Methods: The study was conducted at a nodal telepsychiatry centre, and three geographically remote peripheral centres. The diagnostic tool of application had a screening followed by detailed criteria-wise diagnostic modules for 18 psychiatric disorders. A total of 100 consecutive consenting adult outpatients attending remote telepsychiatry centres were included. To assess inter-rater reliability, patients were interviewed face to face by non-specialists at remote sites using the application (active interviewer) and simultaneously on online application via video-conferencing by a passive assessor at nodal centre. Another interviewer at the nodal centre rated the patient using Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) for diagnostic validation. Results: Screening sub-module had high sensitivity (80-100%), low positive predictive values (PPV) (0.10-0.71) but high negative predictive value (NPV) (0.97-1) for most disorders. For the diagnostic sub-modules, Cohen's kappa was >0.4 for all disorders, with kappa of 0.7-1.0 for most disorders. PPV and NPV were high for most disorders. Inter-rater agreement analysis revealed kappa >0.6 for all disorders. Interpretation & conclusions: Diagnostic tool showed acceptable to good validity and reliability when used by non-specialists at remote sites. Our findings show that diagnostic tool of the telepsychiatry application has potential to empower non-psychiatrist doctors and paramedics to diagnose psychiatric disorders accurately and reliably in remote sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savita Malhotra
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Subho Chakrabarti
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ruchita Shah
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Minali Sharma
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kanu Priya Sharma
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Akanksha Malhotra
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Suneet K Upadhyaya
- Department of Psychiatry, Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Base Hospital, Srinagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mushtaq A Margoob
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Dar Maqbool
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India
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Naslund JA, Aschbrenner KA, Araya R, Marsch LA, Unützer J, Patel V, Bartels SJ. Digital technology for treating and preventing mental disorders in low-income and middle-income countries: a narrative review of the literature. Lancet Psychiatry 2017; 4:486-500. [PMID: 28433615 PMCID: PMC5523650 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(17)30096-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Few individuals living with mental disorders around the globe have access to mental health care, yet most have access to a mobile phone. Digital technology holds promise for improving access to, and quality of, mental health care. We reviewed evidence on the use of mobile, online, and other remote technologies for treatment and prevention of mental disorders in low-income and middle-income countries. Of the 49 studies identified, most were preliminary evaluations of feasibility and acceptability. The findings were promising, showing the potential effectiveness of online, text-messaging, and telephone support interventions. We summarised the evaluations as: technology for supporting clinical care and educating health workers, mobile tools for facilitating diagnosis and detection of mental disorders, technologies for promoting treatment adherence and supporting recovery, online self-help programmes for individuals with mental disorders, and programmes for substance misuse prevention and treatment. Continued research is needed to rigorously evaluate effectiveness, assess costs, and carefully consider potential risks of digital technology interventions for mental disorders, while determining how emerging technologies might support the scale-up of mental health treatment and prevention efforts across low-resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Naslund
- The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA; Health Promotion Research Center at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA; Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA.
| | - Kelly A Aschbrenner
- Health Promotion Research Center at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Ricardo Araya
- Centre for Global Mental Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Lisa A Marsch
- Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Jürgen Unützer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Vikram Patel
- Centre for Global Mental Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Sangath, Goa, India; Center for Chronic Conditions and Injuries, Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India
| | - Stephen J Bartels
- The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA; Health Promotion Research Center at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA
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