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Camprodon-Boadas P, De Prisco M, Rabelo-da-Ponte FD, Sugranyes G, Clougher D, Baeza I, Torrent C, Castro-Fornieles J, Tosetti Y, Vieta E, de la Serna E, Amoretti S. Cognitive reserve and cognition in mood disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res 2024; 339:116083. [PMID: 39003801 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Cognitive functioning heterogeneity is a well-recognized phenomenon in individuals diagnosed with mood disorders. Cognitive Reserve (CR) has been linked to multiple positive outcomes, including cognitive performance in these patients. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to provide a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between CR and cognitive functioning in individuals with mood disorders, including bipolar disorder and depressive disorders. Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted of original research exploring the relationship between CR and cognitive performance in adult individuals with mood disorders. The literature search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, from 2002 to September 2023, and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to evaluate the quality of studies. Overall, 17 studies met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review and 11 for the meta-analysis. Both qualitative and quantitative findings suggested a positive relationship between CR measures and cognitive domains. CR emerges as a possible protective factor for cognitive functioning in adult individuals with mood disorders, potentially helping to mitigate the cognitive impairments associated with the disorder. These findings underscore the importance of the fact that promoting and enhancing CR could help in the cognitive prognosis of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Camprodon-Boadas
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2021SGR01319, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM; Department of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Michele De Prisco
- Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM; Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Diego Rabelo-da-Ponte
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Gisela Sugranyes
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2021SGR01319, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM
| | - Derek Clougher
- Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM; Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; BIOARABA, Department of Psychiatry. Hospital Universitario de Alava. University of the Basque Country, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Baeza
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2021SGR01319, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM; Department of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carla Torrent
- Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM; Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josefina Castro-Fornieles
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2021SGR01319, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM; Department of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yamila Tosetti
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2021SGR01319, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM; Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena de la Serna
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2021SGR01319, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM
| | - Silvia Amoretti
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addictions, Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
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Matsumoto K, Hamatani S. Impact of cognitive reserve on bipolar disorder: a systematic review. Front Psychiatry 2024; 14:1341991. [PMID: 38371715 PMCID: PMC10869457 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1341991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cognitive reserve (CR) is a complex concept that includes premorbid IQ, years of education, and exposure to neuropsychological stimuli through work and leisure. Previous studies have suggested that CR has a positive impact on several aspects of bipolar disorder. Synthesizing the evidence to date is an important work in providing directions for future studies. The objectives of this systematic review to summary impact of CR on onsetting, relapsing bipolar episodes, buffering cognitive dysfunctions, and maintaining quality of life (QOL) in bipolar disorder. Methods Two researchers independently reviewed selected paper from three database as PubMed, PsychINFO, and Web of Science. The search keywords were "bipolar disorder" and "cognitive reserve." The selected studies were classified as the levels of evidence according to the criteria of the Oxford Center for Evidence- Based Medicine. The results of the selected studies were summarized according to the objectives. Results Thrity six studies were included in this review. People with high CR may have fewer bipolar episodes and alleviate cognitive impairments and dysfunction. CR may keep the functional level in patients with bipolar disorder. Conclusion The results of this systematic review suggest that CR may be involved in preventing relapse of bipolar episodes and may alleviate cognitive dysfunction. However, effect on prevention of onset-risk and relapse of bipolar episodes need further investigation in prospective studies. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021270293, the protocol was registered with PROSERO (CRD42021270293).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Matsumoto
- Division of Clinical Psychology, Kagoshima University Hospital, Research and Education Assembly Medical and Dental Sciences Area, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Sayo Hamatani
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
- Division of Developmental Higher Brain Functions, United Graduate School of Child Development, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychological Medicine, University of Fukui Hospital, Fukui, Japan
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Ponsoni A, Branco LD, Cotrena C, Shansis FM, Fonseca RP. A longitudinal study of cognition, functional outcome and quality of life in bipolar disorder and major depression. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2023; 30:757-763. [PMID: 34597199 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2021.1979551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cognitive impairments are known to be a frequent cause of disability in bipolar disorder (BD) and major depression (MDD). Yet there is no consensus regarding the particular cognitive functions whose impairments can lead to disability in each domain of functioning. The aim of this study was to perform a longitudinal evaluation of working memory, inhibition, cognitive flexibility and attention in BD and MDD, investigate the relationship of these cognitive functions to disability and quality of life, and evaluate the impact of variables related to cognitive reserve (education and daily cognitive stimulation) on cognitive performance. METHOD 31 participants (MDD = 12; BD = 19) were evaluated at baseline and after an average time of 2 years. RESULTS the BD group showed improvements in attention while patients with MDD improved on measures of attention and working memory. In BD working memory performance was associated with the cognition and mobility domains of functioning, and with physical and environmental quality of life. In MDD, cognitive flexibility was related to social relationships and environmental quality of life. CONCLUSION working memory and cognitive flexibility may be an interesting target for interventions aiming to improve everyday functioning and quality of life in BD and MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Ponsoni
- Department of Psychology, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Laura Damiani Branco
- Department of Psychology, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Charles Cotrena
- Department of Psychology, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Flávio Milman Shansis
- Medical Sciences Post Graduate Program, University of Vale do Taquari (Univates), Lajeado, Brazil
| | - Rochele Paz Fonseca
- Department of Psychology, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Salem AAGG, Ferreira da Silva P, Felizardo D, Holz MR, Fonseca RP. Does the frequency of reading and writing habits contribute to executive functions, intelligence, and learning in adolescents with healthy development? APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. CHILD 2023; 12:34-44. [PMID: 35129415 DOI: 10.1080/21622965.2022.2026222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The influence of the frequency of reading and writing habits (FRWH) on cognition has been investigated by several studies in the literature. However, the implications of FRWH on executive development, intelligence, and academic achievement are not yet clear in adolescents with healthy development. The aim was to verify whether there are differences in executive functions, intelligence, and academic achievement between adolescents with high and low FRWH. Moreover, we aimed to investigate if there are differences in the parental FRWH between adolescents with high and low FRWH. The sample was composed of 47 healthy adolescents, n = 24 with high FRWH and n = 23 with low FRWH. Adolescents with higher FRWH had better performance on measures of vocabulary, Speech Act analysis, and Oral Narrative Discourse. Therefore, a high FRWH has a positive influence on the cognitive development of healthy adolescents, especially with regard to pragmatic language. However, adolescents with low FRWH performed better than those with a high FRWH on an automatic counting task. The interpretation of cognitive performance and academic achievement scores in neuropsychological assessment should consider the FRWH of parents and adolescents. This factor should be targeted by early stimulation interventions to help adolescents achieve the highest possible levels of global development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Deivid Felizardo
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Maila Rossato Holz
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Cotrena C, Branco LD, Ponsoni A, Shansis FM, Fonseca RP. Cognitive reserve may outperform age, mood and psychiatric comorbidities as a predictor of executive functioning in bipolar disorder and healthy adults. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2021; 43:611-622. [PMID: 34730064 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2021.1981251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cognitive reserve plays a protective role against executive dysfunction in healthy adults and individuals with psychiatric illnesses such as bipolar disorder. However, the magnitude of the influence of cognitive reserve on specific executive functions (EFs), and its impact relative to variables such as depressive symptoms, age and psychiatric comorbidities, is unexplored. This study aimed to quantify the influence of cognitive reserve on specific EFs, and compare its impact with that of depressive symptoms, age and psychiatric comorbidities, in separate models for patients with bipolar disorder and healthy adults. METHOD This was a cross-sectional study of 121 adults with no mood disorders and 109 with bipolar disorder, all of whom underwent a comprehensive psychiatric assessment and evaluation of the EFs. Cognitive reserve was measured using years of education, IQ and reading and writing habits. The association between EFs and predictors (cognitive reserve, depressive symptoms, age and psychiatric comorbidities) was evaluated through structural equation modeling. Four models were constructed for each group independently (bipolar disorder and control), one each for working memory, verbal fluency, inhibition and flexibility, due to group differences in age and cognitive reserve. RESULTS Working memory, inhibition and flexibility were most significantly predicted by cognitive reserve and age. Verbal fluency was only predicted by cognitive reserve. Comorbidities and depressive symptoms were not significant in any of the models. Cognitive reserve had a positive influence on all EFs in models for patients with bipolar disorder and models for control participants. Age had a negative impact on three of the four EFs tested. CONCLUSION Fostering cognitive reserve through continued education and cognitively stimulating leisure activities may be an effective intervention for executive dysfunction in patients and non-patients alike. In some cases, the effects of these interventions may outweigh the negative cognitive impact of aging, depressive symptoms and psychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Cotrena
- Graduate Department of Psychology, School of Health Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS)
| | - Laura Damiani Branco
- Graduate Department of Psychology, School of Health Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS)
| | - André Ponsoni
- Graduate Department of Psychology, School of Health Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS)
| | | | - Rochele Paz Fonseca
- Graduate Department of Psychology, School of Health Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS)
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Sweet JJ, Heilbronner RL, Morgan JE, Larrabee GJ, Rohling ML, Boone KB, Kirkwood MW, Schroeder RW, Suhr JA. American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology (AACN) 2021 consensus statement on validity assessment: Update of the 2009 AACN consensus conference statement on neuropsychological assessment of effort, response bias, and malingering. Clin Neuropsychol 2021; 35:1053-1106. [PMID: 33823750 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2021.1896036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Citation and download data pertaining to the 2009 AACN consensus statement on validity assessment indicated that the topic maintained high interest in subsequent years, during which key terminology evolved and relevant empirical research proliferated. With a general goal of providing current guidance to the clinical neuropsychology community regarding this important topic, the specific update goals were to: identify current key definitions of terms relevant to validity assessment; learn what experts believe should be reaffirmed from the original consensus paper, as well as new consensus points; and incorporate the latest recommendations regarding the use of validity testing, as well as current application of the term 'malingering.' Methods: In the spring of 2019, four of the original 2009 work group chairs and additional experts for each work group were impaneled. A total of 20 individuals shared ideas and writing drafts until reaching consensus on January 21, 2021. Results: Consensus was reached regarding affirmation of prior salient points that continue to garner clinical and scientific support, as well as creation of new points. The resulting consensus statement addresses definitions and differential diagnosis, performance and symptom validity assessment, and research design and statistical issues. Conclusions/Importance: In order to provide bases for diagnoses and interpretations, the current consensus is that all clinical and forensic evaluations must proactively address the degree to which results of neuropsychological and psychological testing are valid. There is a strong and continually-growing evidence-based literature on which practitioners can confidently base their judgments regarding the selection and interpretation of validity measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry J Sweet
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Martin L Rohling
- Psychology Department, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Kyle B Boone
- California School of Forensic Studies, Alliant International University, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael W Kirkwood
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ryan W Schroeder
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Wichita, KS, USA
| | - Julie A Suhr
- Psychology Department, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
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Zimmermann N, Pontes MC, Kochhann R, Prigatano GP, Fonseca RP. Patient Competency Rating Scale-Brazilian Revised Version (PCRS-R-BR): Normative and Psychometric Data in 154 Healthy Individuals. Brain Inj 2020; 35:138-148. [PMID: 33372816 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2020.1861651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Patient Competency Rating Scale (PCRS-R-BR) is a clinical tool to evaluate the degree of competence in cognitive skills perceived by patients with brain injuries. However, no studies have investigated the influence of sociodemographic variables on self-report and self-awareness of healthy individuals.Aim This study aimed to (1) present normative data from the PCRS-R-BR in a healthy adult Brazilian sample; and (2) investigate psychometric properties of the scaleMethod One hundred and fifty-four adults that were divided in three age groups and two education groups and their informants completed the PCRS-R-BR.Results Score on the PCRS-R-BR Patient's Form differed as a function of age with younger adults reporting less competency than older individuals. An education effect was found on Attention/Working memory Factor on the Informant's PCRS-R-BR with informants of higher education adults reporting better competency than lower education individuals. A gender effect was observed on the Informant's Form. The Informant's Form scores of informants of women were higher than the scores provided by the informants of men. PCRS-R-BR showed adequate consistency coefficients and six factors.Conclusion PCRS-R-BR scores showed acceptable validity evidence and provides information regarding how age and gender effects may influence ratings in a Brazilian sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolle Zimmermann
- Neuropsychology Service, Paulo Niemeyer State Brain Institute, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Monique Castro Pontes
- Neuropsychology Service, Paulo Niemeyer State Brain Institute, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renata Kochhann
- Department of Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - George P Prigatano
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Rochele P Fonseca
- Department of Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Cotrena C, Damiani Branco L, Milman Shansis F, Paz Fonseca R. "Influence of modifiable and non-modifiable variables on functioning in bipolar disorder: a path analytical study". Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2020; 24:398-406. [PMID: 32692269 DOI: 10.1080/13651501.2020.1779307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of modifiable (mood, cognitive reserve, cognitive performance) and non-modifiable factors (diagnosis, suicide attempts, substance use, age) on self-reported functioning in BD. METHODS 103 adults with no mood disorders and 95 individuals with BD completed the WHODAS 2.0, in addition to a neuropsychological battery and diagnostic assessments. Path analysis was then used to analyse the relationships between modifiable and non-modifiable predictors of functioning in the sample. RESULTS Cognitive reserve and age had an indirect influence on individual functioning, mediated by cognitive performance. The influence of diagnosis and depressive symptoms on functioning was partly direct, and partly mediated by cognition. The presence of psychiatric comorbidities in addition to BD also had a significant influence on individual functioning. CONCLUSIONS Initiatives focussed on modifiable factors such as depressive symptoms and cognitively stimulating activities, which increase cognitive reserve, may be a useful complement to existing treatments and help patients achieve functional recovery. KEY POINTS Individual functioning was influenced by cognitive performance, cognitive reserve, age, diagnosis and depressive symptoms. Executive functioning mediated the influence of age and cognitive reserve on individual functioning. Interventions focussed on depressive symptoms and cognitive stimulation may help patients achieve functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Cotrena
- Graduate Department of Psychology, School of Health Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS)
| | - Laura Damiani Branco
- Graduate Department of Psychology, School of Health Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS)
| | | | - Rochele Paz Fonseca
- Graduate Department of Psychology, School of Health Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS)
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Toledo-Fernández A, Marín-Navarrete R, Villalobos-Gallegos L, Salvador-Cruz J, Benjet C, Roncero C. Testing whether cognitive reserve as measured by self-rating of stimulating activities moderates the association of polysubstance use and neurocognitive disorder. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 2019; 24:421-433. [PMID: 31554497 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2019.1670631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: The objectives were to identify a latent factor of cognitive reserve (CR) assessed by self-rating of cognitively stimulating activities, to analyze the association between this factor and educational attainment, and to test whether CR moderates the association between polysubstance use and neurocognitive disorder (NCD). Methods: Cross-sectional data of 753 participants was collected in Mexico City. A questionnaire for self-rating of stimulating activities (work/education, leisure, physical, social, usual- and current environments) was designed. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to test unifactoriality. This CR factor was then used within a structural equation model of moderation between recent- and years of substance use and indicators of NCD (Montreal Cognitive Assessment and an interview for subjective cognitive deficits). Results: We found acceptable goodness-of-fit values for the unifactorial model, but no association of this factor with educational attainment, nor with recent- and years of substance use (suggesting independence of CR and severity of neuropathology). We did not find a moderation effect of CR between substance use and indicators of NCD; CR was negatively associated with subjective cognitive deficits only. Conclusions: Moderation effect of self-rated CR should be further tested using direct measures of substance-induced neuropathology. Measurement of self-rated CR may complement self-reported cognitive examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldebarán Toledo-Fernández
- Clinical Trials Unit on Addiction and Mental Health, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz (INPRFM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Marín-Navarrete
- Clinical Trials Unit on Addiction and Mental Health, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz (INPRFM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Villalobos-Gallegos
- School of Medicine and Psychology, Autonomous University of Baja California-Tijuana, Tijuana, Mexico
| | - Judith Salvador-Cruz
- Department of Neuropsychology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Corina Benjet
- Division of Epidemiological and Psychosocial Research, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Roncero
- Psychiatric Service, University of Salamanca Health Care Complex, Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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Cotrena C, Branco LD. Influence of clinical features on cognition in bipolar disorder: Comment on the meta-analysis published by Bora (2018). J Affect Disord 2019; 254:115-116. [PMID: 29628396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles Cotrena
- Department of Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, Building 11, 9th floor, Rm 932, Porto Alegre, RS 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Laura Damiani Branco
- Department of Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, Building 11, 9th floor, Rm 932, Porto Alegre, RS 90619-900, Brazil.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of a Swedish version of the Hayling test (HT-S) and its clinical utility in a group of patients with different frontotemporal dementia (FTD) syndromes. Early diagnosis of FTD is a challenge and requires a broad arsenal of assessment methods, neuropsychological tests not the least. The Hayling test assesses executive functions including initiation, efficiency and response inhibition. METHODS Seventy-six healthy controls were included as well as patients with the behavioral variant FTD (bvFTD; n = 17), semantic dementia (SD, n = 6), and progressive supranuclear palsy (n = 12). The Color Word Interference Test was administered to examine the construct validity. RESULTS Age showed a correlation with better performances in younger participants whereas the importance of sex and education were less evident. The split half reliability and internal consistency were equal to, or better, than reported for the original version. The interrater reliability was excellent. The construct validity was supported, nevertheless indicating partly different processes behind the performances of the two tests. The FTD group performed significantly worse than healthy controls on efficiency and response inhibition and there were also significant differences in performances between the syndromes despite small samples. CONCLUSIONS The psychometric properties and clinical utility of the Swedish version are satisfactory for measuring efficiency and response inhibition with results indicating dissimilar profiles in the performances in the different syndromes. These results need to be corroborated in larger samples. (JINS, 2019, 25, 195-203).
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Bora E. The need for identifying biotypes of bipolar disorder beyond phenomenological subtypes: Response to. J Affect Disord 2018; 235:521-522. [PMID: 29684867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.04.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emre Bora
- Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Izmir, Turkey; Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria 3053, Australia.
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