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Zhilyaeva TV, Kasyanov ED, Rukavishnikov GV, Piatoikina AS, Bavrina AP, Kostina OV, Zhukova ES, Shcherbatyuk TG, Mazo GE. Pterin metabolism, inflammation and oxidative stress biochemical markers in schizophrenia: Factor analysis and assessment of clinical symptoms associations. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 127:110823. [PMID: 37437837 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Various aspects of folate and tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) metabolism disturbances have been detected in patients with schizophrenia.Data were obtained that disturbances in the pterins (folates and BH4) metabolism can be associated with oxidative stress and inflammation, but has not yet been confirmed in clinical studies in schizophrenia. Within the framework of this study, a correlation and factor analysis of biochemical markersof pterin metabolism, inflammation and redox imbalance in patients with schizophrenia was performed in order to test the hypothesis of the single etiopathogenetic node, including the studied biochemical processes. Methods: 125 patients with schizophrenia and 95 healthy volunteers were randomly selected and evaluated with a biochemical examination of BH4, folate, B12, homocysteine, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, reduced glutathione levels in the blood serum; activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase - in erythrocytes; malondialdehyde - in blood plasma. All patients underwent an examination using standardized psychopathology rating scales. Spearman rank coefficient (ρ) with Benjamini-Hochberg correction was used for the correlation analysis. The principal components analysis (PCA) was used as a factor analysis. Results: Significant correlations were found within groups of pterin metabolism, inflammatory markers and redox-imbalance, and also between separate inflammation, oxidative stress and markers of pterin metabolism. The performed factor analysis made it possible to distinguish two components: 1 - pterin metabolism, 2 - oxidativeinflammatory markers. Despite the weak statistical associations and, possibly, functional relationships between pterin metabolism and oxidative/inflammation markers, each of the components has its own clinical correlates and, probably, a separate contribution to the pathology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- T V Zhilyaeva
- Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - E D Kasyanov
- V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - G V Rukavishnikov
- V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A S Piatoikina
- Nizhny Novgorod Clinical Psychiatric, Hospital No. 1, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - A P Bavrina
- Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - O V Kostina
- Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - E S Zhukova
- Nizhny Novgorod Research Institute for Hygiene and Occupational Pathology, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - T G Shcherbatyuk
- Nizhny Novgorod Research Institute for Hygiene and Occupational Pathology, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; Pushchino State Institute of Natural Science, Pushchino, Russia
| | - G E Mazo
- V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Zhilyaeva TV, Kasyanov ED, Semennov IV, Rukavishnikov GV, Piatoikina AS, Kostina OV, Verbitskaya EV, Mazo GE. Tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency in schizophrenia: Biochemical and clinical aspects. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 153:141-148. [PMID: 35816973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED It was reported that the levels of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) are reduced in schizophrenia. However, mechanisms of BH4 deficiency in schizophrenia had not been studied precisely. OBJECTIVE the search of the association between BH4 deficiency in schizophrenia and a range of biochemical and clinical parameters for the evaluation of the possible mechanisms of BH4 loss and its role in the development of the symptoms. METHODS 93 patients with schizophrenia and 60 healthy volunteers were randomly selected and evaluated with a biochemical examination of BH4, folate, cobalamin (B12), homocysteine, C-reactive protein (CRP), reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in the blood serum.Patients underwent standardized psychopathological examination. RESULTS In patients, the levels of BH4 and folate were lower (p = 0.001 and p = 0.054, respectively), and the levels of homocysteine were higher (p = 0.012) compared to the control group. BH4 levels directly moderately correlated with folate (ρ = 0.43; p = 0.0029) and B12 levels (ρ = 0.43; p = 0.0020) and inversely moderately correlated with homocysteine levels (ρ = -0.54; p = 0.00015) in patients. Cluster analysis identified schizophrenia biotype characterized by a deficiency of BH4, folate, B12, and hyperhomocysteinemia. The clinical characteristics of this biotype were not specific. CRP and GSH were higher in patients compared to controls, but their association with serum BH4 was not confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T V Zhilyaeva
- Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - E D Kasyanov
- Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - I V Semennov
- Nizhny Novgorod Clinical Psychiatric Hospital No.1, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - G V Rukavishnikov
- Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A S Piatoikina
- Nizhny Novgorod Clinical Psychiatric Hospital No.1, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - O V Kostina
- Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - E V Verbitskaya
- Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - G E Mazo
- Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Semennov IV, Zhilyaeva TV, Kasyanov ED, Mishanov GA, Chekanina OM, Blagonravova AS, Mazo GE. Association of tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency with disturbances in one-carbon metabolism in patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2021; 229:132-133. [PMID: 33234426 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Vladimirovich Semennov
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Privolzhsky Research Medical University", Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky sq., Nizhny Novgorod 603005, Russia
| | - Tatyana Vladimirovna Zhilyaeva
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Privolzhsky Research Medical University", Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky sq., Nizhny Novgorod 603005, Russia.
| | - Evgeny Dmitrievich Kasyanov
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology", Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 3 Bekhtereva st., St. Petersburg 192019, Russia
| | - Georgy Aleksandrovich Mishanov
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Privolzhsky Research Medical University", Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky sq., Nizhny Novgorod 603005, Russia
| | - Oksana Mikhailovna Chekanina
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Privolzhsky Research Medical University", Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky sq., Nizhny Novgorod 603005, Russia
| | - Anna Sergeevna Blagonravova
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Privolzhsky Research Medical University", Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky sq., Nizhny Novgorod 603005, Russia
| | - Galina Elevna Mazo
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology", Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 3 Bekhtereva st., St. Petersburg 192019, Russia
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Klaus F, Guetter K, Schlegel R, Seifritz E, Rassi A, Thöny B, Cathomas F, Kaiser S. Peripheral biopterin and neopterin in schizophrenia and depression. Psychiatry Res 2021; 297:113745. [PMID: 33524773 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence points to a causal involvement of inflammation in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD) and schizophrenia (SZ). Neopterin and biopterin may link peripheral immune system activation and central neurotransmitter alterations. However, it is not fully established whether these alterations are transdiagnostic or disorder-specific and whether they are associated with reward-related psychopathologies. We investigated group differences in neopterin and biopterin in the plasma of healthy comparison (HC) (n=19), SZ (n=45) and MDD (n=43) participants. We then correlated plasma proteins with CRP as a measure for inflammation. Lastly, plasma proteins were correlated with the reward-related psychopathological domain apathy. We found a trend-level difference in biopterin levels and no significant difference in neopterin levels between groups. Within both patient groups, but not HC, we show a significant positive correlation of CRP with neopterin but not with biopterin. Further, we observed no significant correlations of plasma proteins with reward-related psychopathology in HC, MDD or SZ. While our study shows trend-level alterations of biopterin with relevance for future research, it does not support the hypothesis that peripheral neopterin or biopterin are associated with reward-related psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Klaus
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, USA.
| | - Karoline Guetter
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rebecca Schlegel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Erich Seifritz
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anahita Rassi
- Divisions of Metabolism and of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beat Thöny
- Divisions of Metabolism and of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Flurin Cathomas
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy P, New York, USA
| | - Stefan Kaiser
- Division of Adult Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, Chemin du Petit-Bel-Air, 1225 Chêne-Bourg, Switzerland
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Clelland CL, Kantrowitz JT, Choo T, Clelland JD, Lieberman JA. Adjunctive sapropterin dihydrochloride treatment in schizophrenia: A positive proof-of-concept, rater-blind, randomized, multivitamin-controlled study. Schizophr Res 2020; 218:321-323. [PMID: 31973997 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine L Clelland
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Joshua T Kantrowitz
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA; Schizophrenia Research Center, The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Tse Choo
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - James D Clelland
- Clinical Research Department, The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Lieberman
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Clelland JD, Smeed J, Cremers S, Clelland CL. A tetrahydrobiopterin deficit finding in schizophrenia: A confirmation study. Schizophr Res 2019; 210:316-318. [PMID: 31230962 PMCID: PMC7247802 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James D Clelland
- Clinical Research Department, The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, NY, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center (NYU), 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Smeed
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Serge Cremers
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Catherine L Clelland
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, United States of America; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, United States of America.
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Mohandoss AA, Thavarajah R. Salivary Flow Alteration in Patients Undergoing Treatment for Schizophrenia: Disease-Drug-Target Gene/Protein Association Study for Side-effects. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2019; 9:286-293. [PMID: 31289718 PMCID: PMC6593211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salivary flow alteration (SA), is a known unwarranted effect of schizophrenic medications. It manifest either as reduced (xerostomia) or increased (sialorrhea) SA, among treated schizophrenic patients. It is believed that the SA is due to action of the drugs/disease process involving the muscarinic receptor-3 to process acetyl choline, the common neurotransmitter. The genetic mediation behind the SA in such patients remains largely unexplored. We aimed to address the same by using curated literary databases to identify such relationship, if any existed. MATERIAL AND METHODS Curated databases of Gene-Disease Association, www.DisGeNet.org and www.networkanalyst.ca were effectively used to identify the probable genes, strength of association and the drug-genes pathway that could be possibly be involved. The genes associated with schizophrenia and SA were analyzed in detail. Protein-Protein interaction (PPI) network proven experimentally in humans were used to identify the missing or unreported links. RESULTS In all 28 genes associated with schizophrenia were linked to SA. The genetic network of schizophrenia and xerostomia involved FGFR2 gene prominently and network module was statistically significant (P = 9.87*10-8) was achieved that had xerostomia as a node, while schizophrenia (P = 0.025) had statistical significance. Sialorrhea had no statistical significance (P = 0.555). When schizophrenia and sialorrhea connections were analyzed for genetic interaction, only gene GCH1 emerged. On combining the three disease entities, the association of TAC1 gene with sialorrhea was also identified. Using PPI, the coordination of CHRM3, TAC1 and GPRASP1 gene were identified. This network involved several genes that has significant influence on calcium signaling pathway (P = 7.74*10-16), cholingeric synapse(P = 6 × 10-4), salivary secretion(P = 4.38*10-3), endocytosis(P = 8.23*10-4), TGFβ signaling pathway(P = 0.0031), gap junction (P = 4.08*10-3) and glutamergic synapse(P = 6.4*10-3). The involvement of G-receptor signaling protein product, GNAQ was established. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The possible genetic pathway of SA in schizophrenic patients are discussed in light of pharmacotherapeutics. Using the knowledge effectively would help to increase the quality of life of schizophrenic besides increasing the understanding to use saliva as a biomarker of prognosis of schizophrenia and its drug effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusa Arunachalam Mohandoss
- Dept of Psychiatry, Shri Satya Sai Medical College and Research Institute, Affiliated to Shri Balaji Vidyapeeth, Ammapettai, Kanchipuram, India
| | - Rooban Thavarajah
- Marundeeshwara Oral Pathology Services and Analytics, B-1, Mistral Apartments, Wipro Street, Shollinganallur, Chennai, 600 119, India
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