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Setiawati Y, Hartopo D, Rabitho FD, Chuanardi W. Investigating Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms, Emotional Dysregulation and Family Functioning in Children: A Community-Based Study in Elementary Schools in Surabaya, Indonesia. Soa Chongsonyon Chongsin Uihak 2024; 35:250-257. [PMID: 39380565 PMCID: PMC11456649 DOI: 10.5765/jkacap.240015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Research on emotional dysregulation related to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and its effects on family functioning in children is scarce. This is the first study conducted in Indonesia to examine the intricate relationships between ADHD symptoms, emotional regulation, and family functioning in children. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted involving primary caregivers of children aged 9-13 years old across three elementary schools in Surabaya, using validated questionnaires comprising the Indonesian ADHD Rating Scale, Emotion Regulation Checklist, and Family APGAR scale. Results The findings revealed a positive association between ADHD features and the emotional lability/negativity subscale (ERLN) (r=0.528; p<0.001), but not the emotion regulation subscale (EREG). Moreover, family functioning positively correlated with ERLN (r= -0.269; p=0.003) and negatively correlated with EREG (r=0.331; p<0.001). Parental education emerged as a significant demographic factor, with higher education levels linked to better emotion regulation (r=0.297; p=0.001). Conclusion These findings underscore the importance of addressing ADHD symptoms and emotional dysregulation in children in order to enhance family functioning and overall well-being. Implications for future research and interventions targeting emotion regulation, especially in children with ADHD and their families, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunias Setiawati
- Department of Psychiatry, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Dhenni Hartopo
- Department of Psychiatry, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | | | - Winson Chuanardi
- Department of Psychiatry, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
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2
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Haza B, Gosling CJ, Ciminaghi F, Conty L, Pinabiaux C. Research Review: Social cognition and everyday social skills in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analysis of case-control studies. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024; 65:1245-1254. [PMID: 38860431 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.14006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies that have assessed social cognition in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have produced inconsistent findings. To summarize these data and shed light upon moderators that may explain observed inconsistencies, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis exploring social cognition (Theory of Mind (ToM), Empathy, Facial and Non-Facial Emotion Recognition) and Everyday Social Skills in children and adolescents with ADHD. METHODS The current meta-analysis involved 142 studies including 652 effect sizes. These studies compared children and adolescents with ADHD (n = 8,300) and with typical development (n = 7,983). RESULTS Participants with ADHD exhibited moderate to very large deficits in ToM (SMD = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.68-0.99), Facial Emotion Recognition (SMD = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.46-0.81), and Everyday Social Skills (SMD = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.08-1.37). The magnitude of these impairments was similar when considering effect sizes adjusted for some covariates and the methodological quality of the studies. Few studies have investigated Empathy and Non-Facial Emotion Recognition, which precludes definitive conclusions. CONCLUSIONS Children and adolescents with ADHD experience robust impairments in ToM, Facial Emotion Recognition and Everyday Social Skills. Future studies should explore whether these deficits are a consequence of difficulties in other areas of cognition (e.g., executive functioning). We have made all our raw data open access to facilitate the use of the present work by the community (e.g., clinicians looking for tools, assessing social impairments, or researchers designing new studies).
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Affiliation(s)
- Belen Haza
- Laboratory of Cognitive Functioning and Dysfunctioning (DysCo), Université Paris Nanterre, Nanterre, France
| | - Corentin J Gosling
- Laboratory of Cognitive Functioning and Dysfunctioning (DysCo), Université Paris Nanterre, Nanterre, France
- Laboratory of Psychopathology and Health Process, Université Paris Cité, Boulogne Billancourt, France
- Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, School of Psychology, Centre for Innovation in Mental Health (CIMH), University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Flavia Ciminaghi
- Laboratory of Cognitive Functioning and Dysfunctioning (DysCo), Université Paris Nanterre, Nanterre, France
| | - Laurence Conty
- Laboratory of Cognitive Functioning and Dysfunctioning (DysCo), Université Paris Nanterre, Nanterre, France
| | - Charlotte Pinabiaux
- Laboratory of Cognitive Functioning and Dysfunctioning (DysCo), Université Paris Nanterre, Nanterre, France
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3
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Özyurt G, Öztürk Y, Turan S, Çıray RO, Tanıgör EK, Ermiş Ç, Tufan AE, Akay A. Are Communication Skills, Emotion Regulation and Theory of Mind Skills Impaired in Adolescents with Developmental Dyslexia? Dev Neuropsychol 2024; 49:99-110. [PMID: 38466040 DOI: 10.1080/87565641.2024.2325338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates pragmatic language impairment, Theory of Mind (ToM), and emotion regulation in adolescents with Developmental Dyslexia(DD). The Social Responsiveness Scale-2(SRS) and Children's Communication Checklist-2(CCC-2) scores were found to be statistically significantly higher in the DD group than in healthy controls. DD group had lower performance in ToM skills and they have more difficulties in emotion regulation. We also found that CCC-2 and ToM scores were significantly correlated in adolescents with DD. These results may be important in understanding the difficulties experienced in social functioning and interpersonal relationships in adolescents with DD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonca Özyurt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Katip Çelebi University Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Öztürk
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, School of Medicine, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Serkan Turan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Bursa Uludağ University, School of Medicine, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Remzi Oğulcan Çıray
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Dokuz Eylul University, School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Karagöz Tanıgör
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Katip Çelebi University Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Çağatay Ermiş
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Dokuz Eylul University, School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ali Evren Tufan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, School of Medicine, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Aynur Akay
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Dokuz Eylul University, School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
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4
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Arango-Tobón OE, Guevara Solórzano A, Orejarena Serrano SJ, Olivera-La Rosa A. Social Cognition and Prosocial Behavior in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:1366. [PMID: 37239652 PMCID: PMC10218260 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11101366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to analyze the empirical evidence on the relationship between social cognition and prosocial behavior in children and adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). A systematic review was carried out following the PRISMA guidelines of empirical studies found in PubMed and Scopus databases, including a total of 51 research studies. The results indicate that children and adolescents with ADHD have deficits in social cognition and prosocial behavior. For children with ADHD, their deficits in social cognition highlight their difficulty in the process of theory of mind, emotional self-regulation, emotion recognition and empathy, affecting prosocial behavior, evidencing difficulty in personal relationships, and the creation of emotional bonds with their peers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olber Eduardo Arango-Tobón
- Basic and Applied Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Luis Amigó Catholic University, Medellin 680001, Colombia; (A.G.S.); (A.O.-L.R.)
| | - Alexandra Guevara Solórzano
- Basic and Applied Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Luis Amigó Catholic University, Medellin 680001, Colombia; (A.G.S.); (A.O.-L.R.)
| | | | - Antonio Olivera-La Rosa
- Basic and Applied Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Luis Amigó Catholic University, Medellin 680001, Colombia; (A.G.S.); (A.O.-L.R.)
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5
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Blasco-Fontecilla H, Menéndez-García Á, Sanchez-Sanchez F, Bella-Fernández M. Lack of educational impact of video game addiction in children and adolescents diagnosed with ADHD: A cross-sectional study. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1136671. [PMID: 37151982 PMCID: PMC10157203 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1136671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The use of video games has become widespread worldwide. Excessive use of video games is increasingly becoming a matter of concern, particularly in patients diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Currently, internet gaming disorder (IGD) is not included within the DSM-5-chapter Disorders related to substances and addictive disorders. Methods This is a post-hoc descriptive naturalistic study comparing children and adolescents diagnosed with ADHD with and without IGD. We used the 85% cut-off point of the test ADITEC-V for video game addiction to split our sample of ADHD patients into those with IGD (>=85%) and those without IGD (<85%). Results 13 (25%) out of the 51 children and adolescents with ADHD included in our study had an IGD. Patients with IGD had a first contact with internet, smartphones, and videogames at a very early age (5.67 ± 3.31, 6.33 ± 4.60, and 7.50 ± 2.61, respectively). However, only age at first contact with the internet was statistically significantly different when comparing ADHD patients with and without IGD (8.68 ± 2.71 vs. 5.67 ± 3.31, t = 3.166, df = 47, p = 0.01). Different neurodevelopmental, clinical, and neuropsychological measures converging in impulsivity is a risk factor for IGD. Unexpectedly, we found no association between IGD and poor academic achievement. Discussion Future studies may include randomized controlled trials for treating IGD, the study of social adjustment as a protective factor against developing an IGD, and the role of serious and non-serious video games in the development of an IGD, among others. Additional research is clearly needed on IGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilario Blasco-Fontecilla
- Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, IDIPHISA-Puerta de Hierro University Hospital, Majadahonda, Spain
- Spain Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Korian, ITA Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Hilario Blasco-Fontecilla,
| | - Ángela Menéndez-García
- Department of Psychiatry, IDIPHISA-Puerta de Hierro University Hospital, Majadahonda, Spain
| | | | - Marcos Bella-Fernández
- Department of Psychiatry, IDIPHISA-Puerta de Hierro University Hospital, Majadahonda, Spain
- Faculty of Psychology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychology, Pontifical University of Comillas, Madrid, Spain
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6
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Nejati V. Reading mind from the eyes in individuals with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): A meta-analysis. Expert Rev Neurother 2022; 22:889-896. [PMID: 36420829 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2022.2151899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Individuals with ADHD struggle with social impairments. The present study aimed to find out the inconsistent results of theory of mind skill in individuals with ADHD. METHODS The current meta-analysis reviewed 17 empirical studies that compared theory of mind in individuals with and without ADHD based on reading mind from the eyes test (RMET). RESULTS Finding from 1620 participants with ADHD and 1249 healthy controls showed a significant impairment in theory of mind in individuals with ADHD (Hedges' g = 0.66). Moderator analyses indicated that the impaired theory of mind was not affected by age and gender. CONCLUSION These findings describe impaired theory of mind in individuals with ADHD and provide an insight to pay attention to theory of mind in respective clinical assessments and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Nejati
- Department of Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, 1983969411 Tehran, Iran
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7
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Ozbaran NB, Ozyasar SC, Dogan N, Kafali HY, Isik E, Satar A, Kose S, Atik T, Cogulu O. Evaluation of social cognition, autistic traits, and dysmorphology in comorbid specific learning disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2022; 27:991-1005. [PMID: 35658687 DOI: 10.1177/13591045221095428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Research on areas such as social cognition, autistic traits, and minor physical anomalies in comorbid Specific Learning Disorder (SLD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is limited. In this study, we compared these areas in children aged between 8 and 14 with comorbid SLD and ADHD and their typically developed peers. Emotion recognition and social cognition were evaluated by Faces Test, Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test, Comprehension Test, and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire and Social Responsiveness Scale were used for screening of autism spectrum disorder in children. Furthermore, autistic traits in parents were measured by Autism-Spectrum Quotient. The MPAs of all the subjects were determined by pediatric geneticists. We detected that children with comorbid SLD and ADHD performed worse than controls in all social cognition tests and maternal AQ score had a strong correlation with the Faces Test, DERS, and SRS scores. Also, the total ASSQ score in the comorbid SLD and ADHD group was significantly higher than controls. Finally, MPAs were significantly more frequent in the comorbid SLD and ADHD group. Impairment in social cognition and evaluation of autistic traits and dysmorphology in children with comorbid SLD and ADHD may provide useful information on neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazli Burcu Ozbaran
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, 60521Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Senay Celenay Ozyasar
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 233010Adiyaman Education and Research Hospital, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - Nurhak Dogan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, 60521Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Helin Yilmaz Kafali
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 536164Ministry of Health Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Esra Isik
- Subdivision of Pediatric Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, 60521Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Aysegul Satar
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ardahan State Hospital, Ardahan, Turkey
| | - Sezen Kose
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, 60521Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Tahir Atik
- Subdivision of Pediatric Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, 60521Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Cogulu
- Subdivision of Pediatric Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, 60521Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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8
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Ruhrman D, Mikulincer M, Apter A, Benaroya-Milshtein N, Steinberg T. Emotion regulation and tic disorders in children. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2021; 32:893-902. [PMID: 34854986 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-021-01912-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Tic disorders (TD) are developmental neuropsychiatric conditions often accompanied by comorbid conditions, and psychosocial hardships for child and family. The etiology of tics is unknown, and is complex and multifactorial. Stress is known to aggravate tic expression as well as associated comorbidities. Consequently, this study focused on possible connections between stress, emotion regulation, tic expression, and related psychopathology. Sixty consecutive admissions were assessed for perceived stress, emotional dysregulation, severity of obsessions and compulsions, anxiety, depression, attention deficit disorder, and tic expression at a TD clinic, in a university affiliated pediatric hospital. The results indicated that stress and emotion dysregulation were significantly related to both tic expression and severity of comorbidities. We discuss the role of emotion regulation dimensions regarding TD and related psychopathology as well as the mediating role of emotion regulation, and how they may contribute to the development of improved therapies for children with TD.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ruhrman
- Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel. .,Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Reichman University, Herzliya, Israel. .,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - M Mikulincer
- Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Reichman University, Herzliya, Israel
| | - A Apter
- Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Reichman University, Herzliya, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - N Benaroya-Milshtein
- Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - T Steinberg
- Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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9
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Levi-Shachar O, Gvirts HZ, Goldwin Y, Bloch Y, Shamay-Tsoory S, Boyle D, Maoz H. The association between symptom severity and theory of mind impairment in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Psychiatry Res 2021; 303:114092. [PMID: 34252635 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to investigate the correlation between ADHD symptom severity and impairments in "theory of mind" (ToM) and empathy, and the improvement in these functions following the administration of methylphenidate (MPH). Fifty children aged 6-12 years with ADHD participated in the study. Symptom severity was assessed using the Swanson, Nolan and Pelham Questionnaire-IV (SNAP-IV). ToM performance was assessed using the "ToM test" and the "Faux-Pas Recognition Test". A significant negative correlation was found between the SNAP-IV Conners index, the oppositional and deportment subscales, and ToM test scores. MPH administration improved ToM scores in a magnitude that was negatively correlated with baseline performance. Additionally, Children with more severe behavioral problems showed greater improvement in ToM following administration of MPH. We conclude that severity of ADHD symptoms, most notably behavioral symptoms, is correlated with deficits in ToM. Administration of MPH improves ToM performance, with the greatest improvement occurring in children with more severe behavioral symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orit Levi-Shachar
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Geha Mental Health Center, Petah-Tikva, Israel
| | - Hila Z Gvirts
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Psychology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | | | - Yuval Bloch
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Shalvata Mental Health Center, Hod-Hasharon, Israel
| | | | - Dennis Boyle
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hagai Maoz
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Shalvata Mental Health Center, Hod-Hasharon, Israel.
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10
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Yilmaz Kafali H, Kayan Ocakoğlu B, Işık A, Ayvalık Baydur ÜG, Müjdecioğlu Demir G, Şahin Erener M, Üneri ÖŞ. Theory of mind failure and emotion dysregulation as contributors to peer bullying among adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. CHILDRENS HEALTH CARE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/02739615.2021.1926250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helin Yilmaz Kafali
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ministry of Health Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Binay Kayan Ocakoğlu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Istanbul Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Adem Işık
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Van Regional Training and Research Hospital, Van, Turkey
| | - Ümran Gül Ayvalık Baydur
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ministry of Health Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Müge Şahin Erener
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ministry of Health Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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11
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Paulus FW, Ohmann S, Möhler E, Plener P, Popow C. Emotional Dysregulation in Children and Adolescents With Psychiatric Disorders. A Narrative Review. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:628252. [PMID: 34759846 PMCID: PMC8573252 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.628252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Emotional dysregulation (ED) is a transdiagnostic construct defined as the inability to regulate the intensity and quality of emotions (such as, fear, anger, sadness), in order to generate an appropriate emotional response, to handle excitability, mood instability, and emotional overreactivity, and to come down to an emotional baseline. Because ED has not been defined as a clinical entity, and because ED plays a major role in child and adolescent psychopathology, we decided to summarize current knowledge on this topic based on a narrative review of the current literature. Methods: This narrative review is based on a literature search of peer-reviewed journals. We searched the databases ERIC, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO and PSYNDEX on June 2, 2020 for peer reviewed articles published between 2000 and 2020 in English language for the preschool, school, and adolescent age (2-17 years) using the following search terms: "emotional dysregulation" OR "affect dysregulation," retrieving 943 articles. Results: The results of the literature search are presented in the following sections: the relationship between ED and psychiatric disorders (ADHD, Mood Disorders, Psychological Trauma, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Non-suicidal Self-Injury, Eating Disorders, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Conduct Disorder, Disruptive Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder, Personality Disorders, Substance Use Disorder, Developmental Disorders, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Psychosis and Schizophrenia, and Gaming Disorder), prevention, and treatment of ED. Conclusion: Basic conditions of ED are genetic disposition, the experience of trauma, especially sexual or physical abuse, emotional neglect in childhood or adolescence, and personal stress. ED is a complex construct and a comprehensive concept, aggravating a number of various mental disorders. Differential treatment is mandatory for individual and social functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank W Paulus
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Ohmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Society of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (OeGVT), Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Möhler
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Paul Plener
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Popow
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Society of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (OeGVT), Vienna, Austria.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Regional Psychiatric Hospital, Mauer, Austria
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12
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Cupertino RB, Soheili-Nezhad S, Grevet EH, Bandeira CE, Picon FA, Tavares MEDA, Naaijen J, van Rooij D, Akkermans S, Vitola ES, Zwiers MP, Rovaris DL, Hoekstra PJ, Breda V, Oosterlaan J, Hartman CA, Beckmann CF, Buitelaar JK, Franke B, Bau CHD, Sprooten E. Reduced fronto-striatal volume in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in two cohorts across the lifespan. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2020; 28:102403. [PMID: 32949876 PMCID: PMC7502360 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has been associated with altered brain anatomy in neuroimaging studies. However, small and heterogeneous study samples, and the use of region-of-interest and tissue-specific analyses have limited the consistency and replicability of these effects. We used a data-driven multivariate approach to investigate neuroanatomical features associated with ADHD in two independent cohorts: the Dutch NeuroIMAGE cohort (n = 890, 17.2 years) and the Brazilian IMpACT cohort (n = 180, 44.2 years). Using independent component analysis of whole-brain morphometry images, 375 neuroanatomical components were assessed for association with ADHD. In both discovery (corrected-p = 0.0085) and replication (p = 0.032) cohorts, ADHD was associated with reduced volume in frontal lobes, striatum, and their interconnecting white-matter. Current results provide further evidence for the role of the fronto-striatal circuit in ADHD in children, and for the first time show its relevance to ADHD in adults. The fact that the cohorts are from different continents and comprise different age ranges highlights the robustness of the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sourena Soheili-Nezhad
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Eugenio Horacio Grevet
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Adulthood ADHD Outpatient Program (ProDAH), Clinical Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Developmental Psychiatry Program, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Cibele Edom Bandeira
- Adulthood ADHD Outpatient Program (ProDAH), Clinical Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Developmental Psychiatry Program, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Department of Genetics, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Felipe Almeida Picon
- Adulthood ADHD Outpatient Program (ProDAH), Clinical Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Developmental Psychiatry Program, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Maria Eduarda de Araujo Tavares
- Adulthood ADHD Outpatient Program (ProDAH), Clinical Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Developmental Psychiatry Program, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Department of Genetics, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jilly Naaijen
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Daan van Rooij
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sophie Akkermans
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Eduardo Schneider Vitola
- Adulthood ADHD Outpatient Program (ProDAH), Clinical Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Developmental Psychiatry Program, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marcel P Zwiers
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Diego Luiz Rovaris
- Universidade de Sao Paulo Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pieter J Hoekstra
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Vitor Breda
- Adulthood ADHD Outpatient Program (ProDAH), Clinical Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Developmental Psychiatry Program, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jaap Oosterlaan
- Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Vrije Universiteit, Clinical Neuropsychology Section, Van der Boechortstraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Catharina A Hartman
- Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Vrije Universiteit, Clinical Neuropsychology Section, Van der Boechortstraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christian F Beckmann
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Claiton Henrique Dotto Bau
- Adulthood ADHD Outpatient Program (ProDAH), Clinical Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Developmental Psychiatry Program, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Department of Genetics, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Emma Sprooten
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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