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Næss JØ, Hirnstein M, Kusztrits I, Larøi F. An online survey on clinical and healthy individuals with auditory verbal hallucinations: Abuse did not lead to more negative voice content. Schizophr Res 2024; 265:39-45. [PMID: 36435717 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Despite the clinical and theoretical importance of the negative content in auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs), little research has been conducted on the topic. A handful of studies suggest that trauma or adverse life events contribute to negative content. The findings are somewhat inconsistent, however, possibly due to methodological limitations. Moreover, only trauma occurring in childhood has been investigated so far. In the present study, we studied the effect of abuse, experienced in either child- or adulthood, and clinical status on negative content of AVHs in four groups of participants that were assessed as part of a large, previously published online survey: Individuals with a psychotic disorder and AVHs (total n = 33), who had experienced abuse (n = 21) or not (n = 12) as well as a group of healthy individuals with AVHs (total n = 53), who had experienced abuse (n = 31) or not (n = 22). We hypothesized that having experienced abuse was associated with a higher degree of negative content. The clinical group collectively reported significantly higher degrees of negative AVHs content compared to the healthy group, but there was no effect of abuse on the degree of negative AVHs content. The presence of AVHs was more common amongst individuals who reported a history of abuse compared to individuals with no history of abuse, both in clinical and healthy participants with AVHs. This implies that at group level, being subjected to traumatic events increases an individual's vulnerability to experiencing AVHs. However, it does not necessarily account for negative content in AVHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Øverbø Næss
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Marco Hirnstein
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway; NORMENT - Norwegian Centre of Excellence for Mental Disorders Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Isabella Kusztrits
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway; NORMENT - Norwegian Centre of Excellence for Mental Disorders Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Frank Larøi
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
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Luo X, Yu T, Yang Z, Wang D. Psychotic-Like Experiences and Suicidal Ideation Among Adolescents: The Chain Mediating Role of Insomnia Symptoms and Resilience. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:3519-3530. [PMID: 37675191 PMCID: PMC10478937 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s426363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Individuals who experience psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) are at significant risk of suicide-related behaviors. This two-wave longitudinal study aimed to investigate the relationships among PLEs, insomnia symptoms, resilience, and suicidal ideation (SI) among adolescents. Methods A total of 2231 college students [mean age (standard deviation) = 20.02 (1.39) years] completed two web-based surveys. Participants completed self-report measures of sample characteristics, PLEs, insomnia symptoms, resilience, and SI. Results The findings indicated a significantly positive correlation between PLEs and SI that was sequentially mediated by insomnia symptoms and resilience. Furthermore, insomnia symptoms and resilience played a chain-mediating role between PLEs and adolescent SI. Conclusion These findings suggest potential mechanism for the PLEs-SI link, which helps us better understand how PLEs can influence individual SI and provides important information for early prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Luo
- School of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan First Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Taowen Yu
- Department of Applied Psychology, Changsha Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zilu Yang
- College of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongfang Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
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Yeo JJ, Chew QH, Sim K. Resilience and its inter-relationship with symptomatology, illness course, psychosocial functioning, and mediational roles in schizophrenia: A systematic review. Asia Pac Psychiatry 2022; 14:e12486. [PMID: 34431616 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is a major psychiatric disorder which poses substantial illness burden on affected individuals. In view of the need to better understand the growing literature on resilience (adaptation in the face of adversity) and its clinical correlates to inform and optimize clinical management in schizophrenia, we sought to summarize the extant literature which examined the inter-relationships between resilience and demographic features, phenomenology, illness course, psychosocial functioning, and its mediational role among relevant factors. METHODS A systematic review was conducted on published empirical studies examining the topic of resilience and clinical correlates within schizophrenia spectrum conditions up until December 2020. RESULTS Higher level of resilience was associated with lower severity of specific symptomatology including positive, negative, depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, cognitive deficits, and better insight. Moreover, higher resilience was significantly associated with different aspects of illness course (such as shorter duration of untreated psychosis, longer duration of illness, improved symptom remission and recovery), internal factors (such as lower stigma, better self-esteem), and psychosocial functioning (better overall, real-life, social and interpersonal functioning, better quality of life). Resilience also acts as a mediator in pathways leading to depression, functioning, and quality of life within schizophrenia spectrum conditions. DISCUSSION Viewed within the context of various resiliency models (compensatory, challenge, protective factor models), suggestions were made to enhance resilience and balance risk versus protective factors in order to improve disease management. Future research should seek to better elucidate associated biomarkers, inter-relationships with carer resilience, and evaluate the efficacy of suitable resilience-targeted interventions in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Jay Yeo
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qian Hui Chew
- Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kang Sim
- Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park, Singapore, Singapore
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Kusztrits I, Larøi F, Laloyaux J, Marquardt L, Sinkeviciute I, Kjelby E, Johnsen E, Sommer IE, Hugdahl K, Hirnstein M. Mapping psychotic-like experiences: Results from an online survey. Scand J Psychol 2020; 62:237-248. [PMID: 33009660 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Suggestions have been made that psychotic-like experiences (PLEs), such as hallucinatory and delusional experiences, exist on a continuum from healthy individuals to patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. We used the screening questions of the Questionnaire for Psychotic Experiences (QPE), an interview that captures the presence and phenomenology of various psychotic experiences separately, to assess PLEs in Norway. Based on data from an online survey in a sample of more than 1,400 participants, we demonstrated that the QPE screening questions show satisfactory psychometric properties. Participants with mental disorders reported more frequent lifetime and current hallucinatory experiences than participants without mental disorders. Childhood experiences were rather low and ranged from 0.7% to 5.2%. We further replicated findings that young age, illegal drug use, lower level of education, and having parents with a mental disorder are associated with higher endorsement rates of PLEs. Finally, a binomial regression revealed that the mere presence of PLEs does not discriminate between individuals with and without a mental disorder. Taken together, the findings of the present study support existing models that both hallucinations and delusions exist on a structural and phenomenological continuum. Moreover, we demonstrated that the QPE screening questions can be used by themselves as a complementary tool to the full QPE interview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Kusztrits
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,NORMENT Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, University of Bergen and Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Frank Larøi
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,NORMENT Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, University of Bergen and Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Julien Laloyaux
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,NORMENT Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, University of Bergen and Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Lynn Marquardt
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,NORMENT Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, University of Bergen and Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Igne Sinkeviciute
- NORMENT Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, University of Bergen and Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Eirik Kjelby
- NORMENT Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, University of Bergen and Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Erik Johnsen
- NORMENT Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, University of Bergen and Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Iris E Sommer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, RijksUniversiteit Groningen (RUG), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kenneth Hugdahl
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,NORMENT Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, University of Bergen and Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Marco Hirnstein
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,NORMENT Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, University of Bergen and Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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