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Devine K, Villalobos E, Kyle CJ, Andrew R, Reynolds RM, Stimson RH, Nixon M, Walker BR. The ATP-binding cassette proteins ABCB1 and ABCC1 as modulators of glucocorticoid action. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2023; 19:112-124. [PMID: 36221036 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-022-00745-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Responses to hormones that act through nuclear receptors are controlled by modulating hormone concentrations not only in the circulation but also within target tissues. The role of enzymes that amplify or reduce local hormone concentrations is well established for glucocorticoid and other lipophilic hormones; moreover, transmembrane transporters have proven critical in determining tissue responses to thyroid hormones. However, there has been less consideration of the role of transmembrane transport for steroid hormones. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) proteins were first shown to influence the accumulation of glucocorticoids in cells almost three decades ago, but observations over the past 10 years suggest that differential transport propensities of both exogenous and endogenous glucocorticoids by ABCB1 and ABCC1 transporters provide a mechanism whereby different tissues are preferentially sensitive to different steroids. This Review summarizes this evidence and the new insights provided for the physiology and pharmacology of glucocorticoid action, including new approaches to glucocorticoid replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerri Devine
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Translational & Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Elisa Villalobos
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Catriona J Kyle
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ruth Andrew
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rebecca M Reynolds
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Roland H Stimson
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mark Nixon
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Brian R Walker
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- Translational & Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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Lopez JP, Brivio E, Santambrogio A, De Donno C, Kos A, Peters M, Rost N, Czamara D, Brückl TM, Roeh S, Pöhlmann ML, Engelhardt C, Ressle A, Stoffel R, Tontsch A, Villamizar JM, Reincke M, Riester A, Sbiera S, Fassnacht M, Mayberg HS, Craighead WE, Dunlop BW, Nemeroff CB, Schmidt MV, Binder EB, Theis FJ, Beuschlein F, Andoniadou CL, Chen A. Single-cell molecular profiling of all three components of the HPA axis reveals adrenal ABCB1 as a regulator of stress adaptation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabe4497. [PMID: 33571131 PMCID: PMC7840126 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe4497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Chronic activation and dysregulation of the neuroendocrine stress response have severe physiological and psychological consequences, including the development of metabolic and stress-related psychiatric disorders. We provide the first unbiased, cell type-specific, molecular characterization of all three components of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, under baseline and chronic stress conditions. Among others, we identified a previously unreported subpopulation of Abcb1b+ cells involved in stress adaptation in the adrenal gland. We validated our findings in a mouse stress model, adrenal tissues from patients with Cushing's syndrome, adrenocortical cell lines, and peripheral cortisol and genotyping data from depressed patients. This extensive dataset provides a valuable resource for researchers and clinicians interested in the organism's nervous and endocrine responses to stress and the interplay between these tissues. Our findings raise the possibility that modulating ABCB1 function may be important in the development of treatment strategies for patients suffering from metabolic and stress-related psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Lopez
- Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Bavaria 80804, Germany
- The Max Planck Society-Weizmann Institute of Science Laboratory for Experimental Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Neurogenetics, Rehovot 76100, Israel and Munich, Bavaria 80804, Germany
| | - Elena Brivio
- Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Bavaria 80804, Germany
- The Max Planck Society-Weizmann Institute of Science Laboratory for Experimental Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Neurogenetics, Rehovot 76100, Israel and Munich, Bavaria 80804, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry (IMPRS-TP), Munich, Bavaria 80804, Germany
| | - Alice Santambrogio
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London SE11UL, UK
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Saxony 01307, Germany
| | - Carlo De Donno
- Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Bavaria 80804, Germany
- The Max Planck Society-Weizmann Institute of Science Laboratory for Experimental Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Neurogenetics, Rehovot 76100, Israel and Munich, Bavaria 80804, Germany
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Bavaria 85764, Germany
| | - Aron Kos
- Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Bavaria 80804, Germany
- The Max Planck Society-Weizmann Institute of Science Laboratory for Experimental Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Neurogenetics, Rehovot 76100, Israel and Munich, Bavaria 80804, Germany
| | - Miriam Peters
- Department for Endocrinology, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Bavaria 80336, Germany
| | - Nicolas Rost
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry (IMPRS-TP), Munich, Bavaria 80804, Germany
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Bavaria 80804, Germany
| | - Darina Czamara
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Bavaria 80804, Germany
| | - Tanja M Brückl
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Bavaria 80804, Germany
| | - Simone Roeh
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Bavaria 80804, Germany
| | - Max L Pöhlmann
- Research Group Neurobiology of Stress Resilience, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Bavaria 80804, Germany
| | - Clara Engelhardt
- Research Group Neurobiology of Stress Resilience, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Bavaria 80804, Germany
| | - Andrea Ressle
- Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Bavaria 80804, Germany
| | - Rainer Stoffel
- Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Bavaria 80804, Germany
| | - Alina Tontsch
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Bavaria 80804, Germany
| | - Javier M Villamizar
- Department for Endocrinology, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Bavaria 80336, Germany
| | - Martin Reincke
- Department for Endocrinology, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Bavaria 80336, Germany
| | - Anna Riester
- Department for Endocrinology, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Bavaria 80336, Germany
| | - Silviu Sbiera
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Bavaria 97080, Germany
| | - Martin Fassnacht
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Bavaria 97080, Germany
| | - Helen S Mayberg
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - W Edward Craighead
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Boadie W Dunlop
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Charles B Nemeroff
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, TX 78738, USA
| | - Mathias V Schmidt
- Research Group Neurobiology of Stress Resilience, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Bavaria 80804, Germany
| | - Elisabeth B Binder
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Bavaria 80804, Germany
| | - Fabian J Theis
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Bavaria 85764, Germany
- Department of Mathematics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Bavaria 85748, Germany
| | - Felix Beuschlein
- Department for Endocrinology, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Bavaria 80336, Germany
- Klinik für Endokrinologie, Diabetologie und Klinische Ernährung, Universitätsspital Zürich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Cynthia L Andoniadou
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London SE11UL, UK
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Saxony 01307, Germany
| | - Alon Chen
- Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Bavaria 80804, Germany.
- The Max Planck Society-Weizmann Institute of Science Laboratory for Experimental Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Neurogenetics, Rehovot 76100, Israel and Munich, Bavaria 80804, Germany
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Silva J, Khoja S, Asatryan L, Pacifici E, Davies DL. A novel pharmacotherapy approach using P-glycoprotein (PGP/ABCB1) efflux inhibitor combined with ivermectin to reduce alcohol drinking and preference in mice. Alcohol 2020; 86:1-8. [PMID: 32278067 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2020.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) has a major national impact, affecting over 18 million people, causing approximately 88,000 deaths, and costing upward of $250 billion annually in the United States. Unfortunately, FDA-approved AUD pharmaceuticals are few, and clinical benefits are mostly ineffective in patients suffering from AUD. Therefore, the identification of novel targets and/or innovative methods for the development of safe and effective medications represents a critical public health need. Previously, we reported that avermectin compounds (ivermectin [IVM] and moxidectin [MOX]) significantly reduced ethanol intake in male and female mice. However, avermectin compounds are readily effluxed by P-glycoprotein (Pgp/ABCB1) in the blood-brain barrier (BBB), resulting in reduced retention time by the drugs in the central nervous system (CNS). As such, the doses of IVM or MOX and the time frame for significant reductions of ethanol intake are not ideal. Here we evaluate a novel combinatorial strategy involving IVM and tariquidar (TQ), a third-generation efflux inhibitor of Pgp, to reduce the dosing necessary for improving alcohol (ethanol) consumption behavior. We tested male C57BL/6J mice using a two-bottle choice study to evaluate ethanol consumption and preference. We found that injecting 10 mg/kg of TQ 30 min prior to IVM resulted in a five-fold improvement in the efficacy of IVM (dosed at 0.5 mg/kg), resulting in a significant reduction in ethanol intake and preference. Notably, the reduction by IVM was well tolerated, and no adverse effects were identified when tested at doses ranging from 0.50 mg/kg to 2.0 mg/kg. Collectively, our findings indicate that IVM, in combination with TQ, increases its efficacy in the CNS for reducing ethanol consumption. This work demonstrates a novel combinatorial drug strategy that allows new opportunities for drugs with poor CNS retention, such as IVM, to demonstrate improved potency and potentially improved safety.
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Brzozowska NI, Smith KL, Zhou C, Waters PM, Cavalcante LM, Abelev SV, Kuligowski M, Clarke DJ, Todd SM, Arnold JC. Genetic deletion of P-glycoprotein alters stress responsivity and increases depression-like behavior, social withdrawal and microglial activation in the hippocampus of female mice. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 65:251-261. [PMID: 28502879 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is an ABC transporter expressed at the blood brain barrier and regulates the brain uptake of various xenobiotics and endogenous mediators including glucocorticoid hormones which are critically important to the stress response. Moreover, P-gp is expressed on microglia, the brain's immune cells, which are activated by stressors and have an emerging role in psychiatric disorders. We therefore hypothesised that germline P-gp deletion in mice might alter the behavioral and microglial response to stressors. Female P-gp knockout mice displayed an unusual, frantic anxiety response to intraperitoneal injection stress in the light-dark test. They also tended to display reduced conditioned fear responses compared to wild-type (WT) mice in a paradigm where a single electric foot-shock stressor was paired to a context. Foot-shock stress reduced social interaction and decreased microglia cell density in the amygdala which was not varied by P-gp genotype. Independently of stressor exposure, female P-gp deficient mice displayed increased depression-like behavior, idiosyncratic darting behavior, age-related social withdrawal and hyperactivity, facilitated sensorimotor gating and altered startle reactivity. In addition, P-gp deletion increased microglia cell density in the CA3 region of the hippocampus, and the microglial cells exhibited a reactive, hypo-ramified morphology. Further, female P-gp KO mice displayed increased glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression in the hippocampus. In conclusion, this research shows that germline P-gp deletion affected various behaviors of relevance to psychiatric conditions, and that altered microglial cell activity and enhanced GR expression in the hippocampus may play a role in mediating these behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia I Brzozowska
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; The Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Kristie L Smith
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; The Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Cilla Zhou
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; The Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter M Waters
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Ligia Menezes Cavalcante
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; The Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Sarah V Abelev
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; The Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael Kuligowski
- The Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; Australian Microscopy & Microanalysis Research Facility, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - David J Clarke
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; The Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephanie M Todd
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; The Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Jonathon C Arnold
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; The Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
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Morphometric analysis of the cerebral expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter protein ABCB1 in chronic schizophrenia: Circumscribed deficits in the habenula. Schizophr Res 2016; 177:52-58. [PMID: 26948503 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that microvascular abnormalities and malfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) significantly contribute to schizophrenia pathophysiology. The ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCB1 is an important molecular component of the intact BBB, which has been implicated in a number of neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. However, the regional and cellular expression of ABCB1 in schizophrenia is yet unexplored. Therefore, we studied ABCB1 protein expression immunohistochemically in twelve human post-mortem brain regions known to play a role in schizophrenia, in 13 patients with schizophrenia and nine controls. In ten out of twelve brain regions under study, no significant differences were found with regard to the numerical density of ABCB1-expressing capillaries between all patients with schizophrenia and control cases. The left and right habenular complex, however, showed significantly reduced capillary densities in schizophrenia patients. In addition, we found a significantly reduced density of ABCB1-expressing neurons in the left habenula. Reduced ABCB1 expression in habenular capillaries might contribute to increased brain levels of proinflammatory cytokines in patients with schizophrenia, while decreased expression of this protein in a subpopulation of medial habenular neurons (which are probably purinergic) might be related to abnormalities of purines and their receptors found in this disease.
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Enokido M, Suzuki A, Sadahiro R, Matsumoto Y, Shibuya N, Goto K, Otani K. Implication of P-glycoprotein in formation of depression-prone personality: association study between the C3435T MDR1 gene polymorphism and interpersonal sensitivity. Neuropsychobiology 2014; 69:89-94. [PMID: 24577069 DOI: 10.1159/000358063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Interpersonal sensitivity is defined as undue and excessive awareness of, and sensitivity to, the behavior and feelings of others. Previous studies suggested that interpersonal sensitivity is one of the vulnerable factors to depression, and that genetic factors and cortisol are involved in the formation of interpersonal sensitivity. On the other hand, P-glycoprotein, which is encoded by the multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) gene, serves as a barrier to entry and as an active eliminator for xenobiotics and cellular metabolites including cortisol, which is implicated in multiple brain functions. In the present study, we examined the effects of the MDR1 C3435T polymorphism (rs1045642) on interpersonal sensitivity in healthy subjects. METHODS The subjects were 842 healthy Japanese volunteers (mean age = 26.7 years, male/female ratio = 490/352). The C3435T polymorphism of MDR1 gene was detected by a PCR method, and interpersonal sensitivity was assessed by the Interpersonal Sensitivity Measure (IPSM). RESULTS The 2-factor analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) showed a significant main effect of the MDR1 genotype on the IPSM scores with a significant interaction between the genotype and gender. The subsequent 1-factor ANCOVA showed that in females the C/C genotype group had higher IPSM scores than the C/T genotype group (p < 0.001) and the T/T genotype group (p < 0.001), and the C/T genotype group had higher IPSM scores than the T/T genotype group (p = 0.014). In males no significant association was found between the MDR1 genotype and the IPSM scores. In allelic analyses using the χ(2) tests, the C allele frequency in females was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in the high IPSM group than in the low IPSM group, while there was no significant difference in the C allele frequency between the high and low IPSM groups in total subjects and males. CONCLUSION The present study suggests that the C3435T polymorphism of the MDR1 gene affects the formation of a depression-prone personality trait in Japanese females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Enokido
- Department of Psychiatry, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
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Aiello R, Crupi R, Leo A, Chimirri S, Rispoli V, Marra R, Citraro R, Cuzzocrea S, De Sarro G, Russo E. Long-term betamethasone 21-phosphate disodium treatment has distinct effects in CD1 and DBA/2 mice on animal behavior accompanied by opposite effects on neurogenesis. Behav Brain Res 2014; 278:155-66. [PMID: 25289489 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
One of the most peculiar characteristics of the stress response is the pronounced inter-individual and inter-strain variability both in behavioral and neurochemical outcomes. Several studies confirm that rodents belonging to the same or different strain and/or gender, when exposed to a stressor, may show behavioral and cognitive differences. We compared the effects of long-term betamethasone 21-phosphate disodium (BTM), a widely clinically used corticosteroid, on animal behavior and neurogenesis in CD1 and DBA/2 mice. BTM treatment, in CD1 mice, increased body weight gain and anxiety parameters while having pro-depressant effects. Furthermore, BTM significantly reduced neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Finally, BTM treatment induced a significant impairment in memory and learning performance in the Morris water maze. At odds, BTM administration, in DBA/2 mice, caused a significant reduction in the body weight while not modifying anxiety parameters. In addition, both an increased synaptogenesis and neurogenesis were found. Similarly to CD1 mice, also in DBA/2 mice, memory and learning were impaired. Our data confirm that long-term exposure to corticosteroids can generate or aggravate psychiatric/neurologic disorders such as depression, anxiety, memory and learning. Our study did not reveal significant differences between corticosterone and BTM treatment in CD1 mice. In contrast, BTM treatment in mice with an anxious phenotype (DBA/2 mice) revealed some contrasting results indicating that genetic factors can influence corticosteroids dependent effects. Finally, our data further underline the need for a re-evaluation of neurogenesis role; the increased neurogenesis observed in DBA/2 mice and behavioral effects might be distinguished phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Aiello
- Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Leo
- Science of Health Department, School of Pharmacy, University of Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Serafina Chimirri
- Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Rispoli
- Science of Health Department, School of Pharmacy, University of Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosario Marra
- National Council of Research (CNR), Institute of Neurological Science, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rita Citraro
- Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Italy
| | | | - Emilio Russo
- Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Italy.
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de Smet MD, Gad Elkareem AM, Zwinderman AH. The Vitreous, the Retinal Interface in Ocular Health and Disease. Ophthalmologica 2013; 230:165-78. [DOI: 10.1159/000353447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Heinzmann JM, Thoeringer CK, Knapman A, Palme R, Holsboer F, Uhr M, Landgraf R, Touma C. Intrahippocampal corticosterone response in mice selectively bred for extremes in stress reactivity: a microdialysis study. J Neuroendocrinol 2010; 22:1187-97. [PMID: 20735798 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2010.02062.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis is one of the major stress hormone systems, and glucocorticoids (GCs) play a pivotal role in homeostatic processes throughout the body and brain. A dysregulation of the HPA axis, leading to an aberrant secretion of GCs, is associated with affective disorders such as major depression. In the present study, three mouse lines selectively bred for high (HR), intermediate (IR) or low (LR) stress reactivity were used to elucidate the temporal dynamics of intrahippocampal corticosterone (CORT) in response to a standardised stressor. In particular, we addressed the question of whether the distinct differences in HPA axis reactivity between the three mouse lines, as determined by plasma CORT measurements, are present in the central nervous system as well, and if the respective endophenotype is brought about by alterations in blood-brain barrier (BBB) functionality. We applied in vivo microdialysis in the hippocampus, demonstrating that the concentrations of CORT released from the adrenals in response to restraint stress are not only distinctly different in the plasma, but can also be found in the central nervous system, although the differences between the three mouse lines were attenuated, particularly between IR and LR animals. Additionally, a time lag of approximately 60 min was observed in all three lines regarding intrahippocampal peak concentrations of CORT after the onset of the stressor. Furthermore, we showed that the penetration and clearance of CORT in the hippocampal tissue was not affected by differences in BBB functionality because the multidrug resistance 1 P-glycoprotein (Mdr1 Pgp) was equally expressed in HR, IR and LR mice. Furthermore, we could exclude surgical damage of the BBB because peripherally-injected dexamethasone, which is a high affinity substrate for the Mdr1 Pgp and therefore restricted from entering the brain, could only be detected in the plasma and was virtually absent in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-M Heinzmann
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
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Larsson MH, Miketa A, Martinez V. Lack of interaction between psychological stress and DSS-induced colitis affecting colonic sensitivity during colorectal distension in mice. Stress 2009; 12:434-44. [PMID: 19929445 DOI: 10.1080/10253890802626603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and stress have been associated to colorectal hypersensitivity in functional gastrointestinal disorders. We explored if colonic inflammation and stress, alone or combined, participate in the development of visceral hypersensitivity in a mouse model. First, female mice were exposed to 3% dextran sulphate sodium (DSS, 5 days) to induce chronic colitis, followed by repeated psychological stress (water avoidance stress, WAS; 1 h daily/10 days). In a separate experiment, female mice were subjected to WAS and thereafter received 3% DSS. Colitis was evaluated at necropsy. Faecal pellet output served as a marker of stress effect on colonic motility. Visceral pain was assessed at fixed time-points monitoring abdominal contractions during colorectal distension (CRD). DSS provoked a mild chronic colitis that was not affected by previous WAS or aggravated by subsequent stress. WAS induced a significant increase in pellet output, although the response was attenuated in animals with colitis. Responses to CRD were similar in all experimental groups, with transient hyperalgesia observed only during acute colitis. Under the present conditions, neither colitis nor stress, alone or in combination, significantly affected the responses to CRD in mice, suggesting that there is not a direct relationship between inflammation and stress and the development of visceral hypersensitivity.
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van Waarde A, Ramakrishnan NK, Rybczynska AA, Elsinga PH, Berardi F, de Jong JR, Kwizera C, Perrone R, Cantore M, Sijbesma JWA, Dierckx RA, Colabufo NA. Synthesis and preclinical evaluation of novel PET probes for P-glycoprotein function and expression. J Med Chem 2009; 52:4524-32. [PMID: 19530699 DOI: 10.1021/jm900485a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is an ATP-dependent efflux pump protecting the body against xenobiotics. A P-gp substrate (7) and an inhibitor (6) were labeled with (11)C, resulting in potential tracers of P-gp function and expression. METHODS 6 and 7 were labeled using (11)CH(3)I. (11)C-verapamil was prepared as published previously, using (11)C-methyl triflate. MicroPET scans (with arterial sampling) and biodistribution studies were performed in rats pretreated with saline, cyclosporin A (CsA, 50 mg/kg), or cold 6 (15 mg/kg). RESULTS The radiochemical yields of (11)C-6 and (11)C-7 were approximately 30% with a total synthesis time of 45 min. Cerebral distribution volumes (DV) of (11)C-6 (2.35 +/- 0.11) and (11)C-7 (1.86 +/- 0.15) in saline-treated rats were higher than of (11)C-verapamil (0.64 +/- 0.12). DVs of (11)C-7 and (11)C-verapamil were significantly increased by CsA (to 5.26 +/- 0.14 and 5.85 +/- 0.32, respectively). The DV of (11)C-6 was reduced by cold 6 (to 1.65 +/- 0.03). Its uptake was also reduced (up to 67%) in several peripheral organs that express P-gp. CONCLUSIONS (11)C-7 is a novel tracer of P-gp function with higher baseline uptake than (11)C-verapamil. Upregulation of P-gp function in response to treatment (which is hard to detect with (11)C-verapamil) may be detectable using (11)C-7 and PET. Because (11)C-6 shows specific binding in target organs, this compound is the first PET tracer allowing measurement of P-gp expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aren van Waarde
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Baker DG, Nievergelt CM, Risbrough VB. Post-traumatic stress disorder: emerging concepts of pharmacotherapy. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2009; 14:251-72. [PMID: 19453285 DOI: 10.1517/14728210902972494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can result from a traumatic experience that elicits emotions of fear, helpless or horror. Most individuals remain asymptomatic or symptoms quickly resolve, but in a minority intrusive imagery and nightmares, emotional numbing and avoidance, and hyperarousal persist for decades. PTSD is associated with psychiatric and medical co-morbidities, increased risk for suicide, and with poor social and occupational functioning. Psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy are common treatments. Whereas, research supports the efficacy of the cognitive behavioral psychotherapies, there is insufficient evidence to unequivocally support the efficacy of any specific pharmacotherapy. Proven effective pharmacologic agents are sorely needed to treat core and targeted PTSD symptoms, and for prevention. This review describes current and emerging pharmacotherapies that advance these goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewleen G Baker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive (0603V), La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
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Bibliography. Current world literature. Adrenal cortex. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2008; 15:284-299. [PMID: 18438178 DOI: 10.1097/med.0b013e3283040e80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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