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Wang X, Xie J, Ma H, Li G, Li M, Li S, Sun X, Zhao Y, Sun W, Yang S, Li J. The relationship between alterations in plasma metabolites and treatment responses in antipsychotic-naïve female patients with schizophrenia. World J Biol Psychiatry 2024; 25:106-115. [PMID: 37867221 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2023.2271965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the relationship between alterations in plasma metabolites and treatment responses amongst antipsychotic-naïve female patients with schizophrenia. A total of 38 antipsychotic-naïve female schizophrenia patients (ANS) and 19 healthy female controls (HC) were recruited. Plasma samples were obtained from all participants, and targeted metabolomics were measured with FIA-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS. The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) was used to assess the severity of psychotic symptoms before and after eight weeks of treatment. Receiver operator characteristics (ROC) curves were used to predict diagnostic and therapeutic responses. A total of 186 metabolites passed quality control procedures and were used in statistical analysis to identify potential biomarkers. Before treatment, the ANS patients had lower levels of γ -Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) and higher levels of Cholesteryl esters (CE) (20:3), Cholic Acid (CA) and Glycocholic Acid (GCA) compared to the HCs. These four differential metabonomic markers were synthesised into a combinatorial biomarker panel. This panel significantly distinguished ANS from HC. Moreover, this biomarker panel was able to effectively predict therapeutic responses. Our results suggest that plasma CE (20:3), CA, GCA, and GABA levels may be useful for diagnosing and predicting antipsychotic efficacy amongst female schizophrenia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Tianjin Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongyun Ma
- Tianjin Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Gang Li
- Tianjin Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Chifeng Anding Hospital, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Meijuan Li
- Tianjin Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shen Li
- Tianjin Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Sun
- Tianjin Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongping Zhao
- Tianjin Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Tianjin Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shu Yang
- Tianjin Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Li
- Tianjin Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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2
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Zhang T, Chen Y, Li X, Zhang J, Duan L. Genetic associations and potential mediators between psychiatric disorders and irritable bowel syndrome: a Mendelian randomization study with mediation analysis. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1279266. [PMID: 38352653 PMCID: PMC10861787 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1279266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Potential causal associations between psychiatric disorders and irritable bowel syndrome have been demonstrated in observational studies; however, these studies are susceptible to underlying confounding and reverse causation biases. We aimed to assess the causal effects of psychiatric disorders on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and the potential mediators from a genetic perspective by conducting a Mendelian randomization (MR) study with mediation analysis. Method Genetic instruments associated with psychiatric disorders, potential mediators, and IBS were obtained from large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Three MR methods - the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method, MR-Egger method, and weighted median method, were used to investigate causal association estimates. Heterogeneity among different genetic instrumental variables (IVs) was assessed using Q tests. Additionally, the MR-PRESSO and MR-Pleiotropy methods were used to verify horizontal pleiotropy and detect outliers that might bias the results, which were removed from further analysis. Consequently, we used MR mediation analysis to investigate potential mediators in the causal associations between psychiatric disorders and IBS. Results MR provided evidence of the causal effects of genetically predicted broad depression, major depressive disorder (MDD), anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and schizophrenia on IBS. The results of MR mediation analysis demonstrated that the reduction in acetate levels mediated 12.6% of the effects of broad depression on IBS; insomnia mediated 16.00%, 16.20%, and 27.14% of the effects of broad depression, MDD, and PTSD on IBS, respectively; and the increase in blood β-hydroxybutyrate levels mediated 50.76% of the effects of schizophrenia on IBS. Conclusion Our study confirmed the brain-gut axis involvement and potential modulators in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorder-induced IBS from a genetic perspective, and suggests potential therapeutic targets for the disrupted brain-gut axis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Liping Duan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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3
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Zhang G, Ye X, Wang X, Lin Y, Zhu C, Pan J, Yin X, Ye M, Lv W, Tang W, Liu J, Yang X, Hui L, Zheng K. Serum total cholesterol levels associated with immediate memory performance in patients with chronic schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2023; 255:256-260. [PMID: 37060796 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive impairments are common in patients with schizophrenia. Changes in total cholesterol (TC) may be involved in the development of schizophrenia and associated with cognitive function. This study aimed to investigate differences in serum TC level and cognitive function between schizophrenia patients and healthy controls and explore the relationship between serum TC level and cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia. A total of 105 schizophrenia patients and 105 healthy controls were recruited. Results showed that patients with schizophrenia had significantly lower scores on the overall RBANS scale and subscales (i.e., immediate memory, language, attention, and delayed memory) than those of healthy controls. Pearson's correlation analyses showed that in patients with schizophrenia, serum TC levels were positively associated with RBANS subscale scores of immediate memory and language. Furthermore, multivariate regression analyses showed that serum TC level was positively associated with the immediate memory index in patients with schizophrenia. However, no significant association was found between serum TC level and RBANS score in the healthy control group. Our results suggest that elevated serum TC level may be related to improved cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia, especially that of immediate memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Zhang
- School of Mental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China.
| | - Xiaodan Ye
- The affiliated Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- Center for Health Behaviours Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yixuan Lin
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Cheng Zhu
- The affiliated Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Jianshe Pan
- The affiliated Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Yin
- The affiliated Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Minjie Ye
- The affiliated Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Wei Lv
- The affiliated Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Wei Tang
- The affiliated Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Jiahong Liu
- The affiliated Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Xue Yang
- Center for Health Behaviours Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Li Hui
- Institute of Mental Health, Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215137, PR China.
| | - Ke Zheng
- The affiliated Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China.
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Omori NE, Malys MK, Woo G, Mansor L. Exploring the role of ketone bodies in the diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric disorders. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1142682. [PMID: 37139329 PMCID: PMC10149735 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1142682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent times, advances in the field of metabolomics have shed greater light on the role of metabolic disturbances in neuropsychiatric conditions. The following review explores the role of ketone bodies and ketosis in both the diagnosis and treatment of three major psychiatric disorders: major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, and schizophrenia. Distinction is made between the potential therapeutic effects of the ketogenic diet and exogenous ketone preparations, as exogenous ketones in particular offer a standardized, reproducible manner for inducing ketosis. Compelling associations between symptoms of mental distress and dysregulation in central nervous system ketone metabolism have been demonstrated in preclinical studies with putative neuroprotective effects of ketone bodies being elucidated, including effects on inflammasomes and the promotion of neurogenesis in the central nervous system. Despite emerging pre-clinical data, clinical research on ketone body effectiveness as a treatment option for psychiatric disorders remains lacking. This gap in understanding warrants further investigating, especially considering that safe and acceptable ways of inducing ketosis are readily available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Elyse Omori
- Health Via Modern Nutrition Inc. (H.V.M.N.), San Francisco, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Naomi Elyse Omori,
| | - Mantas Kazimieras Malys
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Geoffrey Woo
- Health Via Modern Nutrition Inc. (H.V.M.N.), San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Latt Mansor
- Health Via Modern Nutrition Inc. (H.V.M.N.), San Francisco, CA, United States
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Krivosova M, Gondas E, Murin R, Dohal M, Ondrejka I, Tonhajzerova I, Hutka P, Ferencova N, Visnovcova Z, Hrtanek I, Mokry J. The Plasma Levels of 3-Hydroxybutyrate, Dityrosine, and Other Markers of Oxidative Stress and Energy Metabolism in Major Depressive Disorder. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12040813. [PMID: 35453861 PMCID: PMC9025710 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12040813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a serious mental disease with a pathophysiology that is not yet fully clarified. An increasing number of studies show an association of MDD with energy metabolism alteration and the presence of oxidative stress. We aimed to evaluate plasma levels of 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB), NADH, myeloperoxidase, and dityrosine (di-Tyr) in adolescent and adult patients with MDD, compare them with healthy age-matched controls, and assess the effect of antidepressant treatment during hospitalisation on these levels. In our study, plasmatic levels of 3HB were elevated in both adolescents (by 55%; p = 0.0004) and adults (by 88%; p < 0.0001) with MDD compared to controls. Levels of dityrosine were increased in MDD adults (by 19%; p = 0.0092) but not adolescents. We have not found any significant effect of antidepressants on the selected parameters during the short observation period. Our study supports the findings suggesting altered energy metabolism in MDD and demonstrates its presence independently of the age of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Krivosova
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (M.K.); (N.F.); (Z.V.)
| | - Eduard Gondas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (E.G.); (R.M.)
| | - Radovan Murin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (E.G.); (R.M.)
| | - Matus Dohal
- Department of Pharmacology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Igor Ondrejka
- Psychiatric Clinic, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, University Hospital Martin, 03659 Martin, Slovakia; (I.O.); (P.H.); (I.H.)
| | - Ingrid Tonhajzerova
- Department of Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Peter Hutka
- Psychiatric Clinic, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, University Hospital Martin, 03659 Martin, Slovakia; (I.O.); (P.H.); (I.H.)
| | - Nikola Ferencova
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (M.K.); (N.F.); (Z.V.)
| | - Zuzana Visnovcova
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (M.K.); (N.F.); (Z.V.)
| | - Igor Hrtanek
- Psychiatric Clinic, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, University Hospital Martin, 03659 Martin, Slovakia; (I.O.); (P.H.); (I.H.)
| | - Juraj Mokry
- Department of Pharmacology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia;
- Correspondence:
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Yi W, Sylvester E, Lian J, Deng C. Kidney plays an important role in ketogenesis induced by risperidone and voluntary exercise in juvenile female rats. Psychiatry Res 2021; 305:114196. [PMID: 34488011 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The positive role of ketone bodies in the treatment for mental disorders has been demonstrated. Ketogenesis can be triggered by not only exercise and diet but also metabolic disorders. This study aimed to explore the role of risperidone and exercise in ketogenesis. Thirty-two juvenile female Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned into four groups: Vehicle-Sedentary, Risperidone (0.9 mg/kg; b.i.d)-Sedentary, Vehicle-Exercise (three hours daily access to running wheels) and Risperidone-Exercise groups for four weeks. Exercise-intervention significantly ameliorated the risperidone-induced increase in white adipose mass, fasting plasma triglyceride and insulin levels. Compared to the vehicle-exercise group, the risperidone-exercise group had significantly higher plasma β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HB) level, which had a positive correlation with plasma non-esterified fatty acid levels. Risperidone-treatment upregulated expression of ketogenic key enzyme, mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA synthase 2 (HMGCS2) in the kidney rather than liver. Exercise-intervention significantly enhanced renal carnitine palmitoyltransferase1A (CPT1A) expression. These results suggested that the kidney plays an important role in ketogenesis associated with risperidone and exercise. Therefore, it is important to monitor the levels of plasma ketone bodies while exercise intervention is utilized to prevent risperidone-induced metabolic disorders in young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Yi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China; Antipsychotic Research Laboratory, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; School of Medicine and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Emma Sylvester
- Antipsychotic Research Laboratory, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; School of Medicine and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Jiamei Lian
- Antipsychotic Research Laboratory, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; School of Medicine and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Chao Deng
- Antipsychotic Research Laboratory, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; School of Medicine and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
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7
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Cao B, Wang D, Pan Z, McIntyre RS, Brietzke E, Subramanieapillai M, Nozari Y, Wang J. Metabolic profiling for water-soluble metabolites in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls in a Chinese population: A case-control study. World J Biol Psychiatry 2020; 21:357-367. [PMID: 31161852 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2019.1615639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Objective measures integrated with clinical symptoms may improve early prevention and detection of schizophrenia. Herein we aim to evaluate potential water-soluble metabolic biomarkers in schizophrenia.Methods: We recruited adults with schizophrenia (n = 113) who had not received pharmacological treatment for at least 1 month prior to enrollment and 111 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects from Weifang, Shandong province, China. All serum samples were analysed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry coupled with a hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography column.Results: Eleven metabolites, namely carnitines (oleoylcarnitine, l-palmitoylcarnitine, 9-decenoylcarnitine and 2-trans,4-cis-decadienoylcarnitine), polar lipids (lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC)(P-16:0), LPC (16:0), LPC (15:0) and LPC(14:0)), amino acids (taurine and l-arginine), and organic acid (2,5-dichloro-4-oxohex-2-enedioate), separated the patients and healthy controls. Compared with healthy controls, taurine, l-palmitoylcarnitine and oleoylcarnitine levels were higher, whereas the remaining eight metabolites were lower in patients with schizophrenia. A combination of four metabolites, i.e., oleoylcarnitine, 9-decenoylcarnitine, LPC (15:0) and LPC (14:0), provided the most robust between-group separation.Conclusions: This study appears to distinguish between groups of patients and controls, which should be considered as a contribution to putative potential biomarkers. The water-soluble metabolites were determined to be significantly different between the groups in the current study, and were primarily related to cellular bioenergetics, notably oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Cao
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | | | - Zihang Pan
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Elisa Brietzke
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mehala Subramanieapillai
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yasaman Nozari
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jingyu Wang
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research, Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, P. R. China.,Peking University Medical and Health Analysis Center, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
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8
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Regulation of obesity-associated metabolic disturbance by the antipsychotic drug olanzapine: Role of the autophagy-lysosome pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 158:114-125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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9
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Sommer O, Aug RL, Schmidt AJ, Heiser P, Schulz E, Vedder H, Clement HW. Hydrogen Sulfide Affects Radical Formation in the Hippocampus of LPS Treated Rats and the Effect of Antipsychotics on Hydrogen Sulfide Forming Enzymes in Human Cell Lines. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:501. [PMID: 30386265 PMCID: PMC6198150 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia and other neuroinflammatory diseases are accompanied by an increase in the oxidative stress and changes in the immune system and in the metabolic, hormonal and neurological components of the central nervous system (CNS). Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gaseous molecule that is endogenously produced in the peripheral and central nervous system through cysteine by the following major H2S producing enzymes in the brain: cystathionine-γlyase (CSE), cystathionine ß-synthase (CBS) and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (MPST). The physiological effects of H2S are broad, with antioxidative properties being a major role in the body. The aims of our investigation were to analyze the central nervous antioxidant, metabolic and neuronal effects in the hippocampus of the rat after inflammatory peripheral lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment; and to examine the effects of antipsychotics on the expression of these enzymes in human cell lines. Material and Methods: Male Lewis rats (250 g) received an i.p. LPS injection (1 mg/kg) 24 h before microdialysis experiments. Conscious rats were infused via these probes (1.5 μl/min) with a radical scavenger 1-hydroxy-3-methoxycarbonyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine (CMH) in Krebs-Ringer solution. Sodiumhydrogensulfide (NaHS, 10 μg/min) was infused after a 2- h baseline for 1 h. Corticosterone, glutamate, glucose and lactate were measured by Elisa. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected by electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR). The impact of the antipsychotics haloperidol, clozapine, olanzapine and risperidone on the expression of genes encoding the key enzymes of H2S synthesis was studied at the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y and monocytic U-937 cell lines. The cells were incubated for 24 h with 30 μM antipsychotic following which mRNA levels were measured by polymerase chain reaction. Results: Microdialysate glucose and lactate levels dramatically increased in the hippocampus of LPS untreated rats by local application of NaHS. By contrast, in the LPS pretreated rats, there was no effect of NaHS infusion on glucose but a further significant increase in microdialysate lactate was found. It was LPS pretreatment alone that particularly enhanced lactate levels. There was a marked increase in hippocampal microdialysate glutamate levels after local NaHS infusion in LPS untreated animals. In LPS treated rats, no change was observed by NaHS, but LPS itself had the strongest effect on microdialysate glutamate levels. Microdialysate corticosterone levels were reduced by NaHS in both LPS pretreated and untreated rats. The formation of free radicals in the hippocampus significantly reduced in LPS pretreated rats, while in LPS untreated rats a significant increase was observed after NaHS infusion. In human SH-SY5Y and U-937 cells, all three major enzymes of H2S-Synthesis, namely cystathionine-γ-lyase, cystathione ß-synthase and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase, could be detected by PCR. The antipsychotics haloperidol, clozapine, olanzapine and risperidone affected all three enzymes in different ways; with haloperidol and risperidone showing major effects that led to reductions in CBS or CSE expression. Discussion: The local application of NaHS in the hippocampus of the rat strongly affected glucose, lactate and glutamate release. Contrastingly, in LPS pretreated rats, a decreased radical formation was the only effect found. H2S synthetizing enzymes may be involved in antipsychotic mechanisms, although no clear common mechanism could be found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Sommer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rosana L. Aug
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas J. Schmidt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Philip Heiser
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Eberhard Schulz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Helmut Vedder
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Willi Clement
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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10
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Huang YC, Lin PY, Lee Y, Hung CF, Hsu ST, Wu CC, Wang LJ. Serum levels of β-hydroxybutyrate and pyruvate, metabolic changes and cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia during antipsychotic treatment: a preliminary study. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2018; 14:799-808. [PMID: 29593413 PMCID: PMC5865581 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s157055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HB) and pyruvate have been associated with the brain energy utilization, which may play a role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. In this prospective study, we aim to investigate the trends of β-HB and pyruvate levels, metabolic changes, and cognitive function in schizophrenia patients receiving antipsychotic treatment. OBJECTIVE We recruited 38 schizophrenia patients who had been treated with antipsychotics for 12 weeks, as well as 38 healthy age- and gender-matched subjects. Blood samples were taken from the patients at baseline and week 12 to determine the serum levels of β-HB, pyruvate, and metabolic parameters, while blood samples of the healthy controls were taken at baseline. We evaluated the psychopathology using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and cognitive function using the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia. RESULTS During the 12-week follow-up period, the β-HB levels in patients with schizophrenia showed a decreasing trend, particularly in those undergoing treatment with aripiprazole or ziprasidone. The serum levels of β-HB in patients at baseline and week 12 were both higher than the levels in the healthy controls. Among the schizophrenia patients, changes in β-HB were positively correlated with changes in executive function. On the other hand, serum pyruvate levels remained steady during the 12-week follow-up period, and we found no significant correlation between pyruvate changes and changes in cognitive function or clinical symptoms. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that β-HB may possess a potential indicator of energy utilization and have a protective role in executive function in patients with schizophrenia. Additional longitudinal studies with a larger sample size and longer follow-up periods are necessary to identify the relationship of metabolite regulation and cognitive function during schizophrenia patients' exposure to antipsychotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chi Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan.,Chung Shan Medical University School of Medicine, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Yen Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Fa Hung
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Su-Ting Hsu
- Department of Community Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Municipal Kai-Syuan Psychiatric Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ching Wu
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Jen Wang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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