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Effects of exogenous oxytocin and estradiol on resting-state functional connectivity in women and men. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3113. [PMID: 36813823 PMCID: PMC9947123 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29754-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Possible interactions of the neuropeptide oxytocin and the sex hormone estradiol may contribute to previously observed sex-specific effects of oxytocin on resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of the amygdala and hippocampus. Therefore, we used a placebo-controlled, randomized, parallel-group functional magnetic resonance imaging study design and measured amygdala and hippocampus rsFC in healthy men (n = 116) and free-cycling women (n = 111), who received estradiol gel (2 mg) or placebo before the intranasal administration of oxytocin (24 IU) or placebo. Our results reveal significant interaction effects of sex and treatments on rsFC of the amygdala and hippocampus in a seed-to-voxel analysis. In men, both oxytocin and estradiol significantly decreased rsFC between the left amygdala and the right and left lingual gyrus, the right calcarine fissure, and the right superior parietal gyrus compared to placebo, while the combined treatment produced a significant increase in rsFC. In women, the single treatments significantly increased the rsFC between the right hippocampus and the left anterior cingulate gyrus, whereas the combined treatment had the opposite effect. Collectively, our study indicates that exogenous oxytocin and estradiol have different region-specific effects on rsFC in women and men and that the combined treatment may produce antagonistic effects.
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2
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Huang X, Izumi SI, Suzukamo Y. Neural and behavioral alterations of a real-time interpersonal distance (IPD) development process in differing social status interactions. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:969440. [PMCID: PMC9616044 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.969440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundEvidence showed neural changes in interpersonal distance (IPD) interaction, and neural activities are affected by relationships (such as friends or strangers). Behavior studies proved that social status strongly affects IPD between two persons. However, how the differing social status impacts neural alterations in the IPD interactions remains unknown.ObjectivesThe teacher-student relationship is a typical representation of the difference in social status. The present study aims to investigate the IPD performance and brain processes underlying real-time differing social status during the development process from teacher-student interactions.Materials and methodsWe designed three within-subject experiments corresponding to the inclusion, control, and affection stages of IPD. Altogether, 38 valid healthy participants participated in three experiments with a teacher (differing social status condition, DS condition) and a peer student (peer social status condition, PS condition) separately. This study employed functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and modified real-time stop-distance paradigms to record IPD performance and neural processes.ResultsFor IPD performance, significantly larger IPD gaps were shown in the DS condition than in the PS condition, and IPD feedback affected IPD performance. For neural alterations, activated frontopolar area (FPA, BA10), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC, BA9/BA46), and Broca’s area (BA45) were observed across the IPD stages. Importantly, brain activation shifts with the development of IPD. In addition, results showed that differences in Oxy-Hb changes were located in the FPA (BA10), DLPFC (BA9/BA46), and Broca’s area (BA45) between the DS and PS conditions across IPD stages. Additionally, negative correlations were found between Oxy-Hb changes and IPD performance.ConclusionWe propose prefrontal cortex (PFC) and Broca’s area involvement in IPD interactions, initially focusing on evaluation and action periods, and later on IPD-evaluation processes after feedback. In addition, a difference in Oxy-Hb activities implies the complexity of relationships and social status in IPD interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Huang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Izumi
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- *Correspondence: Shin-Ichi Izumi,
| | - Yoshimi Suzukamo
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Zhang K, Fan Y, Yu R, Tian Y, Liu J, Gong P. Intranasal oxytocin administration but not peripheral oxytocin regulates behaviors of attachment insecurity: A meta-analysis. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 132:105369. [PMID: 34340132 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In light of the roles of oxytocin (OT) in social bonding and interpersonal relationship, studies have examined the roles of OT in human attachment, but by and large previous findings are inconsistent. Here, we conducted - meta-analyses to estimate the associations between peripheral OT level (e.g., blood and salivary OT) and attachment (i.e., attachment dimensions and behaviors of attachment insecurity) and examine the effects of intranasal OT administration on behaviors of attachment insecurity. The analyses indicated that: (1) Peripheral OT level was not significantly associated with attachment dimensions (e.g., attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance) and behaviors of attachment insecurity; (2) intranasal OT administration significantly reduced behaviors of attachment insecurity of neutral contexts, particularly behaviors of attachment avoidance. The findings suggest that intranasal OT administration is an available approach for reducing behaviors of attachment insecurity of interpersonal situations with ambiguous social cues, which implicates suggestions for therapeutic treatments of attachment-related dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejin Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; College of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yuhe Fan
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Rongjun Yu
- Department of Management, School of Business, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yajie Tian
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Jinting Liu
- Research Center of Brain Function and Psychological Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Pingyuan Gong
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; College of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
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4
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Saporta N, Scheele D, Lieberz J, Stuhr-Wulff F, Hurlemann R, Shamay-Tsoory SG. Opposing Association of Situational and Chronic Loneliness with Interpersonal Distance. Brain Sci 2021; 11:1135. [PMID: 34573157 PMCID: PMC8471414 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11091135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Loneliness is a prevalent condition with adverse effects on physical and mental health. Evolutionary theories suggest it evolved to drive people to reconnect. However, chronic loneliness may result in a negative social bias and self-preservation behaviors, paradoxically driving individuals away from social interactions. Lonely people often feel they are not close to anyone; however, little is known about their interpersonal distance preferences. During COVID-19, many experienced situational loneliness related to actual social isolation. Therefore, there was a unique opportunity to examine both chronic and situational (COVID-19-related) loneliness. In the present study, 479 participants completed an online task that experimentally assessed interpersonal distance preferences in four conditions-passively being approached by a friend or a stranger, and actively approaching a friend or a stranger. Results show that high chronic loneliness was related to a greater preferred distance across conditions. Intriguingly, by contrast, high COVID-19-related loneliness was related to a smaller preferred distance across conditions. These findings provide further support for the evolutionary theory of loneliness: situational loneliness indeed seems to drive people towards reconnection, while chronic loneliness seems to drive people away from it. Implications for the amelioration of chronic loneliness are discussed based on these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nira Saporta
- School of Psychological Science, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel; (F.S.-W.); (S.G.S.-T.)
| | - Dirk Scheele
- Division of Medical Psychology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany; (D.S.); (J.L.)
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany;
| | - Jana Lieberz
- Division of Medical Psychology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany; (D.S.); (J.L.)
| | - Fine Stuhr-Wulff
- School of Psychological Science, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel; (F.S.-W.); (S.G.S.-T.)
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - René Hurlemann
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany;
- Research Center Neurosensory Science, University of Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Simone G. Shamay-Tsoory
- School of Psychological Science, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel; (F.S.-W.); (S.G.S.-T.)
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Neural Alterations in Interpersonal Distance (IPD) Cognition and Its Correlation with IPD Behavior: A Systematic Review. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11081015. [PMID: 34439634 PMCID: PMC8394299 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11081015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Interpersonal distance (IPD) plays a critical role in a human being’s social life, especially during interpersonal interaction, and IPD is non-verbal social information and not only provides silent cues but also provides a secure space for personal relationships. IPD has been a research field of neural studies from the recent decade, researches had provided behavior and neural correlates of IPD. Objectives. This review aims to summarize the experimental paradigms of IPD-neural research, to reveal the neural activity processes associated with it, and to explore the correlation between IPD-neural activity and IPD-behavior. Methods. We conducted a standardized systematic review procedure, including the formal search method be adopted to seek out any type of studies related to IPD and brain, then devised them into categories to make a systematic review. Results. 17 articles met the inclusion criteria of the review, 5 event-related potential (ERP) studies measured the amplitude and latencies of ERPs, and 12 functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies provided the neural activation during IPD tasks. In addition, the passive IPD experimental paradigm is the main experimental paradigm for exploring neural activity in IPD cognition, with the parietal lobe, motor areas, prefrontal lobe, and amygdala being the main brain areas involved. Functional connections between the identified brain regions were found and have a moderate correlation with IPD behavior. Conclusions. This review provides the neural activity of the IPD interaction process. However, the insufficient ecological validity of IPD tasks and ignore the initiative of people in IPD interaction. Therefore, there is a large research space on this topic. The work of the current systematic review contributed to linking the external performance and inner neural activities of IPD.
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Candini M, Battaglia S, Benassi M, di Pellegrino G, Frassinetti F. The physiological correlates of interpersonal space. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2611. [PMID: 33510396 PMCID: PMC7844010 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82223-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Interpersonal space (IPS) is the area around the body that individuals maintain between themselves and others during social interactions. When others violate our IPS, feeling of discomfort rise up, urging us to move farther away and reinstate an appropriate interpersonal distance. Previous studies showed that when individuals are exposed to closeness of an unknown person (a confederate), the skin conductance response (SCR) increases. However, if the SCR is modulated according to participant’s preferred IPS is still an open question. To test this hypothesis, we recorded the SCR in healthy participants when a confederate stood in front of them at various distances simulating either an approach or withdrawal movement (Experiment 1). Then, the comfort-distance task was adopted to measure IPS: participants stop the confederate, who moved either toward or away from them, when they felt comfortable with other’s proximity (Experiment 2). We found higher SCR when the confederate stood closer to participants simulating an IPS intrusion, compared to when the confederate moved farther away. Crucially, we provide the first evidence that SCR, acting as a warning signal, contributes to interpersonal distance preference suggesting a functional link between behavioral components of IPS regulation and the underlying physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Candini
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat, 5, 40127, Bologna, Italy. .,Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Operative Unit for Recovery and Functional Rehabilitation of the Institute of Castel Goffredo, 46042, Mantova, Italy.
| | - Simone Battaglia
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat, 5, 40127, Bologna, Italy.,CsrNC, Center for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, 47521, Cesena, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Benassi
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat, 5, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe di Pellegrino
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat, 5, 40127, Bologna, Italy.,CsrNC, Center for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, 47521, Cesena, Italy
| | - Francesca Frassinetti
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat, 5, 40127, Bologna, Italy.,Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Operative Unit for Recovery and Functional Rehabilitation of the Institute of Castel Goffredo, 46042, Mantova, Italy
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Interpersonal distance adjustments after interactions with a generous and selfish trustee during a repeated trust game. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2020.104001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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8
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Givon-Benjio N, Okon-Singer H. Biased estimations of interpersonal distance in non-clinical social anxiety. J Anxiety Disord 2020; 69:102171. [PMID: 31865274 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2019.102171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have indicated that socially-anxious individuals prefer to maintain a greater interpersonal distance from others, specifically from strangers. Notwithstanding, it has yet to be examined whether this preference for distance is associated with estimating the physical interpersonal distance in a distorted manner. In the current study, 100 participants performed a computerized task that measured estimated distance (Study 1). An additional sample of 75 participants performed the same task for the purpose of replication, and further took part in a new task that measured estimated distance from a stranger in a real-life setting (Study 2). In both studies social anxiety correlated with estimating the interpersonal distance from strangers as shorter. Furthermore, ones' preferred distance from a stranger was predicted by this distance estimation bias. Taken together, our findings are the first to reveal distance estimation bias in social anxiety, suggesting a role for distorted distance estimation in avoidance behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Givon-Benjio
- Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, Israel; The Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBR), University of Haifa, Israel.
| | - Hadas Okon-Singer
- Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, Israel; The Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBR), University of Haifa, Israel
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9
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Oxytocin reduces interpersonal distance: Examining moderating effects of childrearing experiences and interpersonal context in virtual reality. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 108:102-109. [PMID: 31252303 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Oxytocin has been shown to stimulate social approach behaviors, although effects may depend on contextual and individual difference factors. Here, we examined intranasal oxytocin effects on interpersonal distance using an immersive Virtual Reality paradigm, taking into account early caregiving experiences and interpersonal context as potential moderators. Participants were 180 women who received 24 IU oxytocin or a placebo and had reported how often their mother used love withdrawal as a disciplinary strategy, involving withholding love and affection after a failure or misbehavior. We used a virtual stop-distance paradigm, instructing participants to approach a virtual person or to stop an approaching virtual person at a preferred distance (passive approach). In order to examine the role of interpersonal context in shaping oxytocin effects, facial expressions and bodily gestures of the virtual person were manipulated. The person showed a dynamical expression of sadness, happiness, anger, fear, disgust, or no emotional expression in six different emotion conditions. We found that oxytocin reduced interpersonal distance across the different emotion conditions, but only in individuals with lower levels of love withdrawal. In addition, oxytocin reduced anxiety levels during passive approach, in particular in the disgust condition, but only in individuals with lower levels of maternal disciplinary love withdrawal. Individuals with more love withdrawal experienced more anxiety while being approached by a virtual person displaying disgust or fear, but benefitted less from anxiety-reducing oxytocin effects. These results are consistent with previous research showing a dysregulated oxytocinergic system after childhood adversity and indicate that oxytocin may be less effective for individuals who are most in need of an intervention because of a problematic family background.
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10
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Tabak BA, Teed AR, Castle E, Dutcher JM, Meyer ML, Bryan R, Irwin MR, Lieberman MD, Eisenberger NI. Null results of oxytocin and vasopressin administration across a range of social cognitive and behavioral paradigms: Evidence from a randomized controlled trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 107:124-132. [PMID: 31128568 PMCID: PMC6687062 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Research examining oxytocin and vasopressin in humans has the potential to elucidate neurobiological mechanisms underlying human sociality that have been previously unknown or not well characterized. A primary goal of this work is to increase our knowledge about neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders characterized by impairments in social cognition. However, years of research highlighting wide-ranging effects of, in particular, intranasal oxytocin administration have been tempered as the fields of psychology, neuroscience, and other disciplines have been addressing concerns over the reproducibility and validity of research findings. We present a series of behavioral tasks that were conducted using a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled, between-subjects design, in which our research group found no main effects of oxytocin and vasopressin on a host of social outcomes. In addition to null hypothesis significance testing, we implemented equivalence testing and Bayesian hypothesis testing to examine the sensitivity of our findings. These analyses indicated that 47-83% of our results (depending on the method of post-hoc analysis) had enough sensitivity to detect the absence of a main effect. Our results add to evidence that intranasal oxytocin may have a more limited direct effect on human social processes than initially assumed and suggest that the direct effects of intranasal vasopressin may be similarly limited. Randomized controlled trial registration: NCT01680718.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A. Tabak
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX,Corresponding author: Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, 6116 N. Central Expressway, P.O. Box 750442, Dallas, TX 75206. Phone: (214-738-2315),
| | - Adam R. Teed
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX
| | - Elizabeth Castle
- Department of Psychology, University of California – Los Angeles, CA
| | - Janine M. Dutcher
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Meghan L. Meyer
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH
| | | | - Michael R. Irwin
- Department of Psychology, University of California – Los Angeles, CA,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California – Los Angeles, CA,Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California – Los Angeles, CA
| | - Matthew D. Lieberman
- Department of Psychology, University of California – Los Angeles, CA,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California – Los Angeles, CA
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