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Nayeri T, Sarvi S, Daryani A. Effective factors in the pathogenesis of Toxoplasmagondii. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31558. [PMID: 38818168 PMCID: PMC11137575 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a cosmopolitan protozoan parasite in humans and animals. It infects about 30 % of the human population worldwide and causes potentially fatal diseases in immunocompromised hosts and neonates. For this study, five English-language databases (ScienceDirect, ProQuest, Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus) and the internet search engine Google Scholar were searched. This review was accomplished to draw a global perspective of what is known about the pathogenesis of T. gondii and various factors affecting it. Virulence and immune responses can influence the mechanisms of parasite pathogenesis and these factors are in turn influenced by other factors. In addition to the host's genetic background, the type of Toxoplasma strain, the routes of transmission of infection, the number of passages, and different phases of parasite life affect virulence. The identification of virulence factors of the parasite could provide promising insights into the pathogenesis of this parasite. The results of this study can be an incentive to conduct more intensive research to design and develop new anti-Toxoplasma agents (drugs and vaccines) to treat or prevent this infection. In addition, further studies are needed to better understand the key agents in the pathogenesis of T. gondii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tooran Nayeri
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Shahabeddin Sarvi
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ahmad Daryani
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Chen C, Qin SY, Yang X, Li XM, Cai Y, Lei CC, Zhao Q, Elsheikha HM, Cao H. Global prevalence and risk factors associated with Toxoplasma gondii infection in wild birds: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Prev Vet Med 2024; 226:106187. [PMID: 38554654 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to identify the global prevalence and factors associated with Toxoplasma gondii infection in wild birds. Six bibliographic databases (Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP Chinese Journal Database, Wanfang Data, PubMed, Web of science and ScienceDirect) were searched from inception to February 2023. The search yielded 1220 records of which 659 articles underwent full-text evaluation, which identified 49 eligible articles and 16,030 wild bird samples that were included in the meta-analysis. The estimated pooled global prevalence of T. gondii infection in wild birds was 16.6%. Out of the variables tested, publication year after 2020 and climate type were significantly associated with T. gondii infection (P<0.01). Our data indicate that the prevalence of T. gondii in wild birds can be influenced by epidemiological variables. Further research is needed to identify the biological, environmental, anthropogenic, and geographical risk factors which impact the ecology and prevalence of T. gondii in wild birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224002, PR China
| | - Si-Yuan Qin
- Center of Prevention and Control Biological Disaster, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shenyang, Liaoning 110034, PR China
| | - Xing Yang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000, PR China
| | - Xiao-Man Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, PR China
| | - Yanan Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, PR China
| | - Cong-Cong Lei
- Center of Prevention and Control Biological Disaster, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shenyang, Liaoning 110034, PR China
| | - Quan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, PR China.
| | - Hany M Elsheikha
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, United Kingdom.
| | - Hongwei Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224002, PR China.
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Deleplancque AS, Fricker-Hidalgo H, Pomares C, L’Ollivier C, Lemoine JP, Cimon B, Paris L, Houzé S, Villena I, Pelloux H, Villard O. Comparative performance of ISAGA IgM and ELISA assays for the diagnosis of maternal and congenital Toxoplasma infections: which technique could replace ISAGA IgM? Parasite 2024; 31:7. [PMID: 38334687 PMCID: PMC10854481 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2024004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The ISAGA immunocapture test for the detection of anti-Toxoplasma immunoglobulin M is a manual technique known for its excellent sensitivity and specificity. The purpose of this retrospective, multicenter study was to compare the performances and agreement between ISAGA and other IgM detection techniques before cessation of ISAGA production. The analytic performance of the different tests was evaluated using 1,341 serum samples from adults with positive IgM and negative IgG to Toxoplasma gondii, and 1,206 sera from neonates born to mothers with seroconversion. The agreement between the tests was evaluated on 13,506 adult and 5,795 child serum samples. The sensitivity of Toxo-ISAGA IgM® (adults 98.7%, neonates 63.1%) was similar to that of Platelia Toxo IgM® (adults 94.4%, neonates 64.6%), and significantly higher than Liaison Toxo IgM® (adults 90.6%), Architect/Alinity Toxo IgM® (adults 95.7%, neonates 48.6%), and Vidas Toxo IgM® (adults 81.8%, neonates 17.5%). However, the specificities varied between 24.4% (Platelia Toxo IgM®) and 95.2% (Liaison Toxo IgM®) in adults and were >95% for all tests in neonates. An analysis of the kappa coefficients showed better agreement between ISAGA IgM® and the other tests in children (0.75-0.83%) than in adults (0.11-0.53%). We conclude that, in the absence of Toxo-ISAGA IgM®, the association of a very sensitive technique (Platelia Toxo IgM® or Architect/Alinity Toxo IgM®) and a very specific technique (Vidas Toxo IgM® or Liaison Toxo IgM®) is recommended for IgM detection in adult sera. For neonates, Platelia Toxo IgM® appeared to be the best alternative to replace Toxo-ISAGA IgM®.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Deleplancque
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Centre National de Référence Toxoplasmose – Pôle Sérologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
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CHU Lille, Parasitology Mycology Department, INSERM U1285, CNRS UMR 8576, Glycobiology in Fungal Pathogenesis and Clinical Applications, Université de Lille Lille France
| | - Hélène Fricker-Hidalgo
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Centre National de Référence Toxoplasmose – Pôle Sérologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
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Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital and Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble Alpes University, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309 Grenoble France
| | - Christelle Pomares
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Centre National de Référence Toxoplasmose – Pôle Sérologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
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Parasitology-Mycology laboratory, Côte d’Azur University, INSERM 1065, Nice University Hospital Nice France
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Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3 M), U1065, Université Côte d’Azur, INSERM, Archimed Building 151 route Saint Antoine de Ginestière Nice France
| | - Coralie L’Ollivier
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Centre National de Référence Toxoplasmose – Pôle Sérologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
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IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM) Marseille France
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Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, IHU Méditerranée Marseille France
| | | | - Bernard Cimon
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Centre National de Référence Toxoplasmose – Pôle Sérologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
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Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU d’Angers Angers France
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Angers University, Brest University, IRF, SFR 4208 ICAT Angers France
| | - Luc Paris
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Centre National de Référence Toxoplasmose – Pôle Sérologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
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Parasitology laboratory, AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière Paris France
| | - Sandrine Houzé
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Centre National de Référence Toxoplasmose – Pôle Sérologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
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Parasitology laboratory, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard Paris France
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University of Paris Cité, IRD 261, MERIT Paris France
| | - Isabelle Villena
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Centre National de Référence Toxoplasmose – Pôle Sérologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
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Department of Parasitology and Medical Mycology, National Reference Centre on Toxoplasmosis, Reims Hospital Reims France
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Team EA 7510, SFR CAP-SANTE, Reims Champagne Ardenne University Reims France
| | - Hervé Pelloux
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Centre National de Référence Toxoplasmose – Pôle Sérologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
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Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital and Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble Alpes University, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309 Grenoble France
| | - Odile Villard
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Centre National de Référence Toxoplasmose – Pôle Sérologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
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Institut de Parasitologie et de Pathologie Tropicale, UR7292 Dynamique des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène, Fédération de Médecine Transrationnelle, Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
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Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologie Médicale, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
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Tawfeek GM, Abou-El-Naga IF, Hassan EME, Sabry D, Meselhey RA, Younis SS. Protective efficacy of Toxoplasma gondii infected cells-derived exosomes against chronic murine toxoplasmosis. Acta Trop 2023; 248:107041. [PMID: 37858877 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.107041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes were isolated from T. gondii infected human hepatoblastoma cells using the exosome isolation kit and characterized by electron microscopy and Western blotting. Exosomes adsorbed to alum adjuvant were evaluated as a potential immunizing agent against murine chronic toxoplasmosis compared to excretory secretory antigens (ESA)-alum. Mice were immunized at days 1, 15 and 29. The levels of IgG, IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were determined using sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (sandwich ELISA) at days 14, 28 and 56 of the experiment. Then mice were infected orally with 10 cysts of T. gondii. The protective efficacy of the antigens were evaluated by counting the brain cysts and measuring the aforementioned humoral and cellular parameters 60 days post infection. The results showed that alum increased the protective efficacy of the exosomes. Immunization with exosome-alum induced both humoral and mixed Th1/Th2 cellular immune responses. Exosome-alum gave higher levels of the humoral and cellular parameters, compared to ESA-alum. After challenge infection, exosome-alum significantly reduced the brain cyst burden by 75 % while ESA-alum gave 42 % reduction and evoked higher humoral and cellular immune responses. Therefore, the possibility of using T. gondii infected cells-derived exosome-alum as a vaccine is a new perspective in toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gihan M Tawfeek
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Iman F Abou-El-Naga
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | | | - Dina Sabry
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Badr University in Cairo, Egypt; Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | | | - Salwa Sami Younis
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Denis J, Lemoine JP, L'ollivier C, Deleplancque AS, Fricker Hidalgo H, Pelloux H, Pomares C, Cimon B, Paris L, Houzé S, Villena I, Villard O. Contribution of serology in congenital toxoplasmosis diagnosis: results from a 10-year French retrospective study. J Clin Microbiol 2023; 61:e0035423. [PMID: 37728898 PMCID: PMC10595068 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00354-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate different serological strategies for the postnatal diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis (CT) and establish a biological algorithm for CT diagnosis. The study analyzed serological data of immunoglobulins M, A, and G (IgM, IgA, IgG) performed by immunoenzymatic and compared immunological profile (CIP) assays in 668 newborns with CT diagnosis across four testing periods: P1 (D0- D10), P2 (D11-D35), P3 (D36-D45), and P4 (>D45). Forty-nine percent of the 668 CT cases were diagnosed during P1 and 34%, 4%, and 12% during P2, P3, and P4, respectively. CIP assays detected neosynthetized IgMs/IgGs in 98% of CT cases diagnosed during P1, while IgMs and IgAs were detected in 90% and 57% of CT cases diagnosed during P2 and in 88% and 67% of diagnoses made during P3, respectively. Detection of neosynthesized IgMs/IgGs, IgMs, and IgAs by immunoassay contributed to CT diagnosis in 81%, 77%, and 60% of cases, respectively. In total, 46% of serum samples were positive for all three parameters, 27% for two, and 27% for one of the three. The study recommends using the CIP assay as standard during P1 for CT diagnosis and IgM and IgA immunoassays after P1. A clinical and biological follow-up in a specialized center with a close collaboration between biologists and clinicians is highly recommended to increase the chances of early diagnosis. Overall, this study provides useful information for the development of a biological algorithm for CT diagnosis, which can aid in early detection and appropriate treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Denis
- Institut de Parasitologie et de Pathologie Tropicale, UR7292 Dynamique des interactions hôte pathogène, Fédération de Médecine Transrationnelle, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologie Médicale, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Coralie L'ollivier
- Centre National de Référence Toxoplasmose-Pôle sérologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, IHU Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Deleplancque
- Centre National de Référence Toxoplasmose-Pôle sérologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- CHU Lille, Parasitology Mycology Department, Lille University, Inserm, U995 - LIRIC - Lille Inflammation Research International Center, Lille, France
| | - Hélène Fricker Hidalgo
- Centre National de Référence Toxoplasmose-Pôle sérologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Grenoble-Alpes University Hospital, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Hervé Pelloux
- Centre National de Référence Toxoplasmose-Pôle sérologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Grenoble-Alpes University Hospital, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Christelle Pomares
- Centre National de Référence Toxoplasmose-Pôle sérologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Parasitology-Mycology laboratory, Côte d'Azur University, INSERM 1065, Nice University Hospital, Nice, France
- Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), U1065, Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm, Nice, France
| | - Bernard Cimon
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU d'Angers, Angers, France
- Centre National de Référence Toxoplasmose-Pôle sérologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Angers University, Brest University, IRF, SFR 4208 ICAT, Angers, France
| | - Luc Paris
- Centre National de Référence Toxoplasmose-Pôle sérologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Parasitology laboratory, AP-HP Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Houzé
- Centre National de Référence Toxoplasmose-Pôle sérologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Parasitology laboratory, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard, Paris, France
- University of Paris Cité, IRD 261, MERIT, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Villena
- Centre National de Référence Toxoplasmose-Pôle sérologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Mycology, National Reference Centre on Toxoplasmosis, Reims Hospital, Reims, France
- Team EA 7510, SFR CAP-SANTE, Reims Champagne Ardenne University, Reims, France
| | - Odile Villard
- Institut de Parasitologie et de Pathologie Tropicale, UR7292 Dynamique des interactions hôte pathogène, Fédération de Médecine Transrationnelle, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologie Médicale, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Centre National de Référence Toxoplasmose-Pôle sérologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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Márquez-Mauricio A, Caballero-Ortega H, Gómez-Chávez F. Congenital Toxoplasmosis Diagnosis: Current Approaches and New Insights. Acta Parasitol 2023; 68:473-480. [PMID: 37368128 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-023-00693-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to describe and discuss current disadvantages in congenital toxoplasmosis (CT) diagnosis, and what can be improved or changed through new perspectives and technological advances. METHODS We used Pubmed, Cochrane, and EBSCO databases to research publications from 10 years to date describing current diagnostic methods for CT. The keywords used for this Mini-Review were Toxoplasma gondii, congenital toxoplasmosis, diagnosis, and prospects using Boolean operators such as AND, OR, identifying scientific publications highlighting the importance of implementing new diagnostic methods. RESULTS Current diagnosis methods have several disadvantages, i.e., time-consuming, low sensitivity or specificity, and non-cost effective, that bring up the necessity of improving or developing new approaches. Recombinant proteins can help improve specificity by generating tests that use circulating strains in a specific geographical region, SAG1 and BAG1, as they are expressed during a particular stage of the disease (acute or chronic, respectively), for its use in serological diagnoses, such as capture ELISA and immunochromatography. Point of Care (POC) tests are methods performed at the patient care site, which leads to rapid patient treatment; despite the advantages, several improvements and perspectives are necessary to be implemented globally. CONCLUSIONS Although already established diagnosis methods for CT may be sufficient in some regions, there is still a persistent demand to develop tests with higher throughput, cost, and time reduction in developing countries, where prevalence is high. New approaches in CT diagnosis, such as recombinant proteins, capture ELISA, immunochromatography, and POC tests methods, can increase performance in terms of specificity and sensitivity simplifying diagnostic tests' requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fernando Gómez-Chávez
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Osteoarticulares e Inmunológicas, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, ENMyH-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Guan YB, Sun XX, Chen SL, Zhu XT, Zeng ZH, Lu HW, Feng HM, Guo Y, Jiang WG, Xiong K, Yang XR, Nam HW, Yang ZS. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among patients of a tertiary hospital in Guangzhou, Guangdong province, PR China. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286430. [PMID: 37428723 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to explore the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) among patients in Guangzhou city, South China, and to identify susceptible patient populations and analyze the causes of infection differences. METHODS From May 2020 to May 2022, a total of 637 sera were collected from patients, and 205 sera were collected from health participants as health control. All sera were examined by colloidal gold kits to detect the positivity of antibodies against T. gondii. And the positivity of antibodies in sera was confirmed with ARCHITECT i2000SR system. RESULTS The prevalence of T. gondii infection in patients was 7.06% (45/637), which was lower than the prevalence in health participants 4.88% (10/205). Among patients, 34 (5.34%) were positive only for IgG, 10 (1.57%) were only for IgM, and 1 (0.16%) was positive for both IgG and IgM. There was a significant difference in prevalence between male and female patients, but not among different age groups or diseases groups. The prevalence of T. gondii infection in diseases groups varied. The prevalence was relatively high in patients with the disorders of thyroid gland and the malignant neoplasms of digestive organs, which suggests that caution should be taken to avoid T. gondii infection in these patients. Surprisingly, the prevalence was quite low in diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBC) patients. This may be due to the overexpression of TNF-α in tumor tissues of DLBC patients and the higher protein level of TNF-α in sera of DLBC patients. CONCLUSION This study provides a systematic exploration of the prevalence of T. gondii infection in patients in a tertiary hospital. Our data contributes to a better understanding of the epidemic investigation of T. gondii among patients in South China, which can help the prevention and treatment of the disease caused by T. gondii infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Bin Guan
- The First Affiliated Hospital/School of Clinical Medicine of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital/School of Clinical Medicine of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Shao-Lian Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital/School of Clinical Medicine of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ting Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital/School of Clinical Medicine of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Hua Zeng
- The First Affiliated Hospital/School of Clinical Medicine of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Han-Wei Lu
- The First Affiliated Hospital/School of Clinical Medicine of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Mei Feng
- The First Affiliated Hospital/School of Clinical Medicine of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yu Guo
- The First Affiliated Hospital/School of Clinical Medicine of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Gong Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital/School of Clinical Medicine of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Kui Xiong
- The First Affiliated Hospital/School of Clinical Medicine of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Rong Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital/School of Clinical Medicine of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Ho-Woo Nam
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhao-Shou Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital/School of Clinical Medicine of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
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Hicks VJ, Sánchez C, López MR, Gottschlich A, Grajeda LM, Balish A, Gómez A, Nuñez N, Juárez J, López B, Freitas-Ning M, Cordón-Rosales C, Sagastume M, McCracken JP, Espinosa-Bode A, Cadena L, Lo TQ. Seroprevalence of high incidence congenital infections among pregnant women in Coatepeque, Guatemala and surrounding areas, 2017-2018. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011248. [PMID: 37093863 PMCID: PMC10159341 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal infections during pregnancy can potentially cause birth defects and severe adverse effects in infants. From 2017 to 2018, we investigated the seroprevalence of five antibodies among 436 mother-infant pairs enrolled in a pregnancy cohort study in Coatepeque, Guatemala. Upon enrollment (< 20 weeks gestational age) and shortly after delivery, we measured the prevalence of IgG and IgM antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), rubella, and cytomegalovirus (CMV) in mothers and newborns and used rapid tests to detect HIV and syphilis (Treponema pallidum) in mothers. The mean cohort age was 24.5 years. Maternal T. gondii IgM and IgG seropositivity was 1.9% and 69.7%, respectively. No women were positive for HIV, syphilis, or rubella IgM. Maternal rubella IgG seropositivity was 80.8% and significantly increased with age. Maternal CMV IgM and IgG seropositivity were 2.3% and 99.5%, respectively. Of the 323 women tested at both timepoints, IgM reactivation occurred in one woman for T. gondii infection and in eight for CMV. No newborn was seropositive for CMV IgM or rubella IgM. One newborn was seropositive for T. gondii IgM. Congenital T. gondii and CMV infections are important public health issues for pregnant women, newborns, and healthcare providers in Coatepeque and Guatemala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria J Hicks
- Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
- Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Central America Region Office, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - César Sánchez
- Departamento de Epidemiología, Ministerio de Salud Pública y Asistencia Social, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - María Reneé López
- Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Anna Gottschlich
- Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Central America Region Office, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Laura M Grajeda
- Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
- Global Health Institute, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Amanda Balish
- Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ana Gómez
- Departamento de Epidemiología, Área de Salud de Quetzaltenango; Ministerio de Salud Pública y Asistencia Social, Quetzaltenango, Guatemala
| | - Nevis Nuñez
- Hospital Regional "Dr. Juan José Ortega" de Coatepeque, Ministerio de Salud Pública y Asistencia Social, Coatepeque, Guatemala
| | - Julio Juárez
- Unidad de Atención Integral del VIH e Infecciones Crónicas "Dr. Carlos Rodolfo Mejia" del Hospital Roosevelt, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Beatriz López
- Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Central America Region Office, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Mariangeli Freitas-Ning
- Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Central America Region Office, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Celia Cordón-Rosales
- Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Manuel Sagastume
- Departamento de Epidemiología, Ministerio de Salud Pública y Asistencia Social, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - John P McCracken
- Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Andrés Espinosa-Bode
- Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Central America Region Office, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Loren Cadena
- Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Central America Region Office, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Terrence Q Lo
- Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
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Advances and Challenges in Diagnostics of Toxoplasmosis in HIV-Infected Patients. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12010110. [PMID: 36678458 PMCID: PMC9862295 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12010110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is a worldwide distributed protozoan parasite. This apicomplexan parasite infects one-third of the population worldwide, causing toxoplasmosis, considered one of the neglected parasitic infections. In healthy humans, most infections are asymptomatic. However, in immunocompromised patients, the course of the disease can be life-threatening. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients have a very high burden of Toxoplasma gondii co-infection. Thus, it is essential to use modern, sensitive, and specific methods to properly monitor the course of toxoplasmosis in immunodeficient patients.
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10
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Toxoplasmosis diagnostic techniques: Current developed methods and biosensors. Talanta 2023; 252:123828. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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11
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Souza IMFNBD, Siqueira VDS, Ribeiro IDC, Moraes LSP, Prado DPGD, Rezende SR, Costa WLGD, Rezende HHA. Molecular and serological diagnosis of toxoplasmosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2023; 65:e19. [PMID: 36921207 PMCID: PMC10013468 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946202365019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is an infection of vast worldwide distribution whose etiologic agent is Toxoplasma gondii. This disease can cause problems ranging from mild symptoms to serious conditions, such as encephalitis, miscarriage and blindness. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to perform a diagnosis with reproducible techniques in order to obtain a good prognosis. The aim of this review was to analyze the efficiency of toxoplasmosis diagnostic techniques based on sensitivity and specificity results. Five research platforms in English language were used (Eric, Elsevier, Google Scholar, PubMed and SciELO), which contained data on the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. The search and selection were performed for studies published prior to June 2021. The search resulted in the inclusion of 13 articles published from 2005 to 2020. The data revealed the use of different samples in the standardization of techniques such as serum, total blood, colostrum and amniotic fluid. The flow cytometry, lateral flow immunoassay and qPCR techniques showed 100% sensitivity, whereas the ELISA, western blotting, qPCR and RE-LAMP techniques achieved 100% specificity. Significantly, the qPCR and LAMP techniques were more accurate when the likelihood ratio was assessed. The meta-analysis identified that ISAGA and western blotting have low sensitivity values and LIASON, ELFA and ELISA, using a silica bioconjugate, also have low specificity values. It was noted that a wide range of methods have high values of sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, the choice of the method will be based on the conditions and its financial viability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victor da Silva Siqueira
- Universidade Federal de Jatai, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Saúde, Jataí, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Webster Leonardo Guimarães da Costa
- Universidade Federal de Jatai, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Saúde, Jataí, Goiás, Brazil.,Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular (Imunologia), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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12
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Kodym P, Kurzová Z, Berenová D, Malý M. Detection of persistent low IgG avidity-an interpretative problem in the diagnosis of acute toxoplasmosis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284499. [PMID: 37053239 PMCID: PMC10101438 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES For the proper diagnosis of toxoplasmosis it is essential to determine the stage of the infection, for which the most preferred method is IgG avidity test. The avidity index (AI) should initially be low (AI≤0.3) in the acute phase and increase during the infection. However, persistent low avidity can occur in patients with latent toxoplasmosis, which can complicate the interpretation of the results. The aim of the study is to explain the causes of this phenomenon. METHODOLOGY A retrospective study was carried out with 717 serum samples collected from 442 patients from the categories of pregnant and non-pregnant women, men, and newborns + infants (age < 0.5 year). The trends of AI kinetics were evaluated in repeatedly examined patients. The frequency of cases with low avidity was compared in individual categories of patients and in groups of people with acute and non-acute toxoplasmosis. RESULTS The proportion of patients with initially low avidity was 42.1% in the acute toxoplasmosis group while it was 13.0% in the non-acute groups. In uninfected newborns with anti-Toxoplasma antibodies transmitted from the mother, a decrease in IgG avidity levels over time was observed, resulting in 29.2% of samples showing low (improper) avidity. While the dynamics of IgG avidity and the frequency of cases of improperly low avidity were similar in men and pregnant and non-pregnant women, the category of newborns and infants differed substantially for these indicators. CONCLUSIONS Due to acceptable specificity and negative predictive value, high avidity can rule out acute toxoplasmosis, but moderate sensitivity complicates the possibility of its confirmation. The results of the avidity test must be interpreted in the context of the results of other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Kodym
- National Reference Laboratory for Toxoplasmosis, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Kurzová
- National Reference Laboratory for Toxoplasmosis, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dagmar Berenová
- National Reference Laboratory for Toxoplasmosis, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Malý
- National Institute of Public Health, Unit of Biostatistics, Prague, Czech Republic
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13
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Cárdenas Sierra DM, Domínguez Julio GC, Blanco Oliveros MX, Soto JA, Tórres Morales E. Seroprevalencia y factores de riesgo asociados a toxoplasmosis gestacional en el Nororiente Colombiano. REVISTA CUIDARTE 2022. [DOI: 10.15649/cuidarte.2287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Highlights:
La toxoplasmosis gestacional podría constituir una grave problemática en ascenso en la población atendida en zona fronteriza nororiental de Colombia.
La incrementada reactividad IgM específica a T.gondii en mujeres gestantes representa una alarma para la generación de estrategias de impacto en la prevención de esta problemática, como población priorizada.
La seronegatividad frente a T.gondii, aún predominante en población gestante evaluada en región nororiental de Colombia, constituye un factor de riesgo relevante de toxoplasmosis gestacional, reflejado en alta susceptibilidad.
La considerable exposición a factores de riesgo de toxoplasmosis en el embarazo implica una clara oportunidad de mejora de la calidad del control prenatal, mediante atención integral.
Introducción:La toxoplasmosis es una zoonosis prevalente en un tercio de la población mundial, que afecta negativamente la salud materno-fetal causando daños de grado variable al feto. Objetivo: Se propuso evaluar el estado serológico IgG e IgM anti-Toxoplasma gondii y factores de riesgo relacionados, en mujeres gestantes de primer trimestre en Cúcuta, Colombia, en el año 2018. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal y correlacional en 111 mujeres participando voluntariamente, a quienes se testeó para IgM e IgG específicas por inmunoensayo LIA. Resultados: Se halló 19,8% y 35,1% de seropositividad total para IgM e IgG, respectivamente, 11,7% lo fue únicamente para IgM y 53,2% corresponde a la frecuencia de seronegatividad global para T.gondii; Se identificaron factores de riesgo (IC=95%) como consumo de carne mal cocida (54,1% de los casos, OR=1,8, p=0,120), de agua del grifo (48,6%, OR=1,4, p=0,421), de leche cruda de cabra o de vaca (39,6%, OR=0,78, p=0,553), además de convivencia con gatos (23,4%), éste último asociado significativamente a seropositividad al parásito (OR=2,8, p=0,025). Discusión y Conclusiones: Nuestros hallazgos revelan un posible riesgo de primo-infección en más de la mitad de la población gestante dada su seronegatividad frente al parásito, pero también una frecuencia considerable de casos con sospecha de infección muy reciente, lo que además de asociarse a un factor de riesgo previamente reconocido, deja entrever otros aspectos de riesgo en torno a la alimentación que deben impactarse mediante estrategias de prevención durante el control prenatal, sugiriendo la necesidad de fortalecer la vigilancia en torno al evento.
Como citar este artículo: Cárdenas Sierra Denny Miley, Domínguez Julio Camila, Blanco Oliveros María Ximena, Soto Javier Andrés, Tórres Morales Elizabeth. Seroprevalencia y factores de riesgo asociados a toxoplasmosis gestacional en el Nororiente Colombiano. Revista Cuidarte. 2023;14(1):e2287. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.2287
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Holec-Gąsior L, Sołowińska K. IgG Avidity Test as a Tool for Discrimination between Recent and Distant Toxoplasma gondii Infection—Current Status of Studies. Antibodies (Basel) 2022; 11:antib11030052. [PMID: 35997346 PMCID: PMC9397011 DOI: 10.3390/antib11030052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite, is the causative agent of one of the most prevalent zoonoses worldwide. T. gondii infection is extremely important from a medical point of view, especially for pregnant women, newborns with congenital infections, and immunocompromised individuals. Thus, an accurate and proper diagnosis of this infection is essential. Among the available diagnostic tests, serology is commonly used. However, traditional serological techniques have certain limitations in evaluating the duration of T. gondii infection, which is problematic, especially for pregnant women. Avidity of T. gondii-specific IgG antibodies seems to be a significant tool for discrimination between recent and distant infections. This article describes the problem of diagnosis of T. gondii infection, with regard to IgG avidity tests. The IgG avidity test is a useful serological indicator of toxoplasmosis, which in many cases can confirm or exclude the active form of the disease. IgG antibodies produced in the recent primary T. gondii infection are of low avidity while IgG antibodies with high avidity are detected in the chronic phase of infection. Furthermore, this paper presents important topics of current research that concern the usage of parasite recombinant antigens that may improve the performance of IgG avidity tests.
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de Barros RAM, Torrecilhas AC, Marciano MAM, Mazuz ML, Pereira-Chioccola VL, Fux B. Toxoplasmosis in Human and Animals Around the World. Diagnosis and Perspectives in the One Health Approach. Acta Trop 2022; 231:106432. [PMID: 35390311 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is a unique health disease that significantly affects the health of humans, domestic animals, wildlife and is present in ecosystems, including water, soil and food. Toxoplasma gondii is one of the best-adapted parasites in the word. This parasite is able to persist for long periods in its hosts, in different geographic regions of the word. This review summarizes the current literature of these themes, focusing on: (1) toxoplasmosis, a zoonotic infection; (2) One health approach and toxoplasmosis; (3) human toxoplasmosis; (4) animal toxoplasmosis; (5) toxoplasmosis diagnosis, as immunological, parasitological and molecular diagnosis; (6) T. gondii outbreaks caused by infected meat, milk and dairy products, as well as, vegetables and water consume; (7) studies in experimental models; (8) genetic characterization of T. gondii strains; (9) extracellular vesicles and miRNA; and (10) future perspectives on T. gondii and toxoplasmosis. The vast prevalence of toxoplasmosis in both humans and animals and the dispersion and resistence of T. gondii parasites in environment highlight the importance of the one health approach in diagnostic and control of the disease. Here the different aspects of the one health approach are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosangela Aparecida Müller de Barros
- Unidade de Medicina Tropical, Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil.; Programa em Doenças Infecciosas, Centro de Doenças Infecciosas, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil..
| | - Ana Claudia Torrecilhas
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Bioquímica de Fungos e Protozoários, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Diadema, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil..
| | | | - Monica Leszkowicz Mazuz
- Parasitology Division, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Israeli Veterinary Service and Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development Beit Dagan, 5025000, Israel..
| | | | - Blima Fux
- Unidade de Medicina Tropical, Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil.; Programa em Doenças Infecciosas, Centro de Doenças Infecciosas, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil..
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Sánchez-Arcila JC, Jensen KDC. Forward Genetics in Apicomplexa Biology: The Host Side of the Story. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:878475. [PMID: 35646724 PMCID: PMC9133346 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.878475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Forward genetic approaches have been widely used in parasitology and have proven their power to reveal the complexities of host-parasite interactions in an unbiased fashion. Many aspects of the parasite’s biology, including the identification of virulence factors, replication determinants, antibiotic resistance genes, and other factors required for parasitic life, have been discovered using such strategies. Forward genetic approaches have also been employed to understand host resistance mechanisms to parasitic infection. Here, we will introduce and review all forward genetic approaches that have been used to identify host factors involved with Apicomplexa infections, which include classical genetic screens and QTL mapping, GWAS, ENU mutagenesis, overexpression, RNAi and CRISPR-Cas9 library screens. Collectively, these screens have improved our understanding of host resistance mechanisms, immune regulation, vaccine and drug designs for Apicomplexa parasites. We will also discuss how recent advances in molecular genetics give present opportunities to further explore host-parasite relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C. Sánchez-Arcila
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, United States
| | - Kirk D. C. Jensen
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, United States
- Health Science Research Institute, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Kirk D. C. Jensen,
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17
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Martins HDD, da Silva QP, Gonçalves LFF, Leonel ACLDS, Perez DEDC, Bonan PRF. Ulcerative lesion on lower lip. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2022; 134:415-419. [PMID: 35461796 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2022.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hélder Domiciano Dantas Martins
- Oral Pathology Post Graduate Program, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; PhD student, Dentistry Post Graduation Program, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
| | - Quemuel Pereira da Silva
- MSc Student, Dentistry Post Graduation Program, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
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18
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Jean-Pierre V, Miozzo J, Fricker-Hidalgo H, Garnaud C, Robert MG, Pelloux H, Brenier-Pinchart MP. Serological diagnosis of toxoplasmosis: evaluation of the commercial test recomLine Toxoplasma IgG immunoblot (Mikrogen) based on recombinant antigens. Parasite 2022; 29:52. [PMCID: PMC9645231 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2022050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: IgG detection to determine immune status to Toxoplasma gondii infection and seroconversion mainly relies on ELISA techniques and, if necessary, on a confirmatory test, Western blot. This study evaluated the performance of the recomLine Toxoplasma IgG immunoblot (IB-recomLine) (Mikrogen) as a confirmatory test on a large number of sera. A total of 171 sera were selected (113 patients) and had previously been analyzed by two ELISA tests, ARCHITECT (Abbott) and VIDAS (bioMérieux) ± LDBIO-Toxo II IgG Western blot (WB-LDBIO) (LDBio). The sera were classified into three groups: group 1 included 50 sera without difficulty in interpreting the IgG results (patients with documented past infection or uninfected); group 2 included 47 sera with difficulty in interpreting the ELISA results; and group 3 included 74 sequential sera from 25 pregnant women with seroconversion. Results: In group 1, overall IgG agreements were 94% and 90% with ARCHITECT and VIDAS, respectively. In group 2, low agreement was observed between IB-recomLine and WB-LDBIO, with eight false-positive and 13 false-negative results. In group 3, 4/13 seroconversions were detected earlier with IB-recomLine compared to other tests. Conclusions: IB-recomLine allowed for earlier diagnosis of toxoplasmic seroconversion compared to both ELISA tests and WB-LDBIO but led to insufficient performance to confirm the immune status when ELISA results were discordant or equivocal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Jean-Pierre
- Parasitology-Mycology, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital 38000 Grenoble France
- Corresponding author:
| | - Julien Miozzo
- Parasitology-Mycology, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital 38000 Grenoble France
| | | | - Cécile Garnaud
- Parasitology-Mycology, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital 38000 Grenoble France
- TIMC, CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes 38000 Grenoble France
| | - Marie Gladys Robert
- Parasitology-Mycology, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital 38000 Grenoble France
| | - Hervé Pelloux
- Parasitology-Mycology, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital 38000 Grenoble France
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Identification of Oocyst-Driven Toxoplasma gondii Infections in Humans and Animals through Stage-Specific Serology-Current Status and Future Perspectives. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9112346. [PMID: 34835471 PMCID: PMC8618849 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The apicomplexan zoonotic parasite Toxoplasma gondii has three infective stages: sporozoites in sporulated oocysts, which are shed in unsporulated form into the environment by infected felids; tissue cysts containing bradyzoites, and fast replicating tachyzoites that are responsible for acute toxoplasmosis. The contribution of oocysts to infections in both humans and animals is understudied despite being highly relevant. Only a few diagnostic antigens have been described to be capable of discriminating which parasite stage has caused an infection. Here we provide an extensive overview of the antigens and serological assays used to detect oocyst-driven infections in humans and animals according to the literature. In addition, we critically discuss the possibility to exploit the increasing knowledge of the T. gondii genome and the various 'omics datasets available, by applying predictive algorithms, for the identification of new oocyst-specific proteins for diagnostic purposes. Finally, we propose a workflow for how such antigens and assays based on them should be evaluated to ensure reproducible and robust results.
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20
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Robert MG, Brenier-Pinchart MP, Garnaud C, Fricker-Hidalgo H, Pelloux H. Molecular diagnosis of toxoplasmosis: recent advances and a look to the future. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2021; 19:1529-1542. [PMID: 34112045 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2021.1941867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Toxoplasmosis is a globally distributed parasitic infection that can be particularly severe when opportunistic or congenital. Its diagnosis requires accurate and rapid techniques that rely mainly on serology and molecular methods. AREAS COVERED The aim of this review was to discuss the positioning of the molecular diagnosis of toxoplasmosis according to the different clinical situations possibly resulting from infection with T. gondii, and to detail recent developments in this technique. The English and French literature were searched with the following keywords: 'Toxoplasmosis', "Molecular diagnosis" and 'PCR'. EXPERT OPINION Molecular techniques have revolutionized the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis, and practices have considerably evolved over the past decades. However, there is still a high degree of inter-laboratory heterogeneity which impairs comparisons between results and studies. Efforts to standardize practices are underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Gladys Robert
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut pour l'Avancée des Biosciences (IAB), Grenoble, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Brenier-Pinchart
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut pour l'Avancée des Biosciences (IAB), Grenoble, France.,Centre National de Référence Toxoplasmose - Pôle Biologie Moléculaire, France
| | - Cécile Garnaud
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble INP, TIMC-IMAG, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Hervé Pelloux
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut pour l'Avancée des Biosciences (IAB), Grenoble, France.,Centre National de Référence Toxoplasmose - Pôle Biologie Moléculaire, France
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21
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Biosensor Based Immunoassay: A New Approach for Serotyping of Toxoplasma gondii. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11082065. [PMID: 34443896 PMCID: PMC8401488 DOI: 10.3390/nano11082065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is the most reported parasitic zoonosis in Europe, with implications in human health and in the veterinary field. There is an increasing need to develop serotyping of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) in view of greater sensitivity and efficiency, through the definition of new targets and new methodologies. Nanotechnology is a promising approach, with impact in the development of point-of-care devices. The aim of this work was to develop a simple but highly efficient method for Toxoplasma gondii serotyping based on gold nanoparticles. A simple colorimetric method was developed using gold nanoparticles modified with the synthetic polymorphic peptide derived from GRA6 antigen specific for type II T. gondii. The method of preparation of the gold nanoprobes and the experimental conditions for the detection were found to be critical for a sensitive discrimination between positive and negative sera. The optimized method was used to detect antibodies anti-GRA6II both in mice and human serum samples. These results clearly demonstrate that a biosensor-based immunoassay using AuNPs conjugated with polymorphic synthetic peptides can be developed and used as a serotyping device
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22
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Kalantari N, Gorgani-Firouzjaee T, Moulana Z, Chehrazi M, Ghaffari S. Toxoplasma gondii infection and spontaneous abortion: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Microb Pathog 2021; 158:105070. [PMID: 34186117 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is one of the most common parasitic infections in humans, which is caused by Toxoplasma gondii. It is usually asymptomatic but primary infection in a pregnant woman can cause severe consequences in the fetus such as miscarriage. This study aimed to estimate the global prevalence of T. gondii infection in women with spontaneous abortion. It also evaluates the possible relationship between recent Toxoplasma infection and miscarriage. Five electronic databases were reviewed. We used the random effects model and 95% confidence intervals(CI) to determine the overall prevalence and odds ratio (OR). Heterogeneity was calculated using Cochran's Q test and I2 statistic. The included studies were divided into three sub-groups based on antibody class against T. gondii and the existence of parasite DNA. Based on PCR, the pooled random-effects estimates that the prevalence of T. gondii infection in women with abortion was 10% (95% CI 7-14%). The pooled random effect favored a statistically significant increased risk of latent Toxoplasma infection [OR = 1.84; 95% CI: 1.41-2.40, P < 0.001] and recent infection [OR = 3.72; 95% CI: 2.21-6.26, P < 0.001] in women with spontaneous abortions. In recent infections, significant pooled ORs of positive association were observed in women with miscarriage [OR = 4.2; 95% CI: 2.04-8.85; χ2 = 17.2; I2 = 42.0%, P = 0.07]. This study demonstrates that recent T. gondii infection is associated with an elevated risk of spontaneous abortion. Further studies concerning all risk factors related to toxoplasmosis, and undertaking confirmatory tests at the time of abortion should be performed to investigate the impact of T. gondii infection and spontaneous abortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Kalantari
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Tahmineh Gorgani-Firouzjaee
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Zahra Moulana
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mohammad Chehrazi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Salman Ghaffari
- Department of Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
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De Mattos LC, Ferreira AIC, de Oliveira KY, Nakashima F, Brandão CC. The Potential Contribution of ABO, Lewis and Secretor Histo-Blood Group Carbohydrates in Infection by Toxoplasma gondii. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:671958. [PMID: 34222043 PMCID: PMC8251793 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.671958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The glycosyltransferases encoded by genes from the human ABO, Lewis, and Secretor histo-blood group systems synthesize part of the carbohydrate antigens in hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic tissues. The combined action of these glycosyltransferases strongly influences cell, tissue, mucosa, and exocrine secretion carbohydrate phenotypes, including those serving as habitat for mutualistic and pathogenic microorganisms. A set of reports investigated associations between Toxoplasma gondii infection and the ABO histo-blood group system, but the results are contradictory. As T. gondii uses the gastrointestinal tract as a route for infection, and in this organ, the expression of ABO, Lewis, and Secretor histo-blood group carbohydrates occurs, it is reasonable to suppose some biological relationship between them. This text reviewed association studies published in recent decades focusing on the potential contribution of the ABO, Lewis, and Secretor histo-blood group carbohydrates and infection by T. gondii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Carlos De Mattos
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine – FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Ana Iara Costa Ferreira
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine – FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Karina Younan de Oliveira
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine – FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Nakashima
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine – FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Cinara Cássia Brandão
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine – FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
- FAMERP Toxoplasma Research Group, Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine – FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
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Storchilo HR, Teixeira GM, Moreira ALE, Gomes TC, Borges CL, de Castro AM. Identification of Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Prognosis of Congenital and Acute Toxoplasmosis. J Infect Dis 2021; 223:1965-1972. [PMID: 32995873 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis can be inconclusive in many cases. Despite the several serological tests developed, the literature on biomarkers that can assist in the diagnosis of congenital an acute toxoplasmosis is limited. The objective of this study was to analyze the immunoreactive profile of Toxoplasma gondii protein bands with the potential to be biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of congenital and acute toxoplasmosis. METHODS Peripheral blood samples from women of childbearing age and/or pregnant women diagnosed with acquired toxoplasmosis as well as from congenitally infected children were selected and submitted to immunoblotting for analysis of the immunoreactive bands profile by immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies. RESULTS When comparing the immunoreactive bands profile for antibodies present in samples from different groups and subgroups, the 150, 18.5, and 16.96-kDa bands were more immunoreactive with the antibodies present in serum samples from the acquired infection group. The 343, 189, 150, 75, and 42-kDa bands showed more chance to be detected by the symptomatic congenital infection subgroup samples, while the 61, 50, and 16.96-kDa bands were significantly immunoreactive with the acute infection subgroup samples. CONCLUSIONS The identification of these potential biomarkers can assist in early diagnosis and treatment of congenital toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heloisa Ribeiro Storchilo
- Department of Biosciences and Technology - Parasitology sector, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Giulianne Monteiro Teixeira
- Department of Biosciences and Technology - Parasitology sector, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - André Luís Elias Moreira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Taynara Cristina Gomes
- Department of Biosciences and Technology - Parasitology sector, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Clayton Luiz Borges
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria de Castro
- Department of Biosciences and Technology - Parasitology sector, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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Santana SS, Paiva VF, Carvalho FR, Barros HLS, Silva TL, Barros PSC, Pajuaba ACAM, Barros GB, Dietze R, Mineo TWP, Mineo JR. A peptide originated from Toxoplasma gondii microneme 8 displaying serological evidence to differentiate recent from chronic human infection. Parasitol Int 2021; 84:102394. [PMID: 34044107 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2021.102394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is able to cause death and/or sequelae in foetuses from pregnant women and immunocompromised individuals. The early diagnosis, able to differentiate acute from chronic phases, is essential to define the treatment against this disease and minimize the risk of complications. Here we describe a peptide derived from microneme 8 (pMIC8) protein of Toxoplasma gondii, able to distinguish the phase of infection. By using human and mice serum samples with different infection times, we assessed the ability of pMIC8 to interact with antibodies present in early of infection, and compared the results obtained with soluble antigen of T. gondii (STAg). The results showed that pMIC8 was recognized more precisely with antibodies present in serum samples from individuals with time of infection below 3 months, followed by those between 4 and 6 months of infection. Based on these results, it is possible to conclude that the association of immunoassays using STAg and pMIC8 as antigen preparations can be used to distinguish acute from chronic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silas Silva Santana
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38400-902 Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Laboratory of Biology, Federal University of Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Campus Janaúba, Janaúba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Fernandes Paiva
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38400-902 Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernando Reis Carvalho
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38400-902 Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Goiás, Campus Itumbiara, Itumbiara, Goiás, 75524-010, Brazil
| | - Heber Leão Silva Barros
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38400-902 Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tamires Lopes Silva
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38400-902 Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Patrício Silva Cardoso Barros
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38400-902 Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Arantes Marquez Pajuaba
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38400-902 Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Geisa Baptista Barros
- Infectious Disease Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, 29040-091 Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Reynaldo Dietze
- Infectious Disease Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, 29040-091 Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Tiago Wilson Patriarca Mineo
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38400-902 Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Mineo
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38400-902 Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Sun T, Rahman SU, Cai J, Zeng J, Mi R, Zhang Y, Gong H, Ma H, Huang Y, Han X, Zhao Q, Chen Z. Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in yaks (Bos grunniens) on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau of China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 28:43. [PMID: 34009120 PMCID: PMC8132598 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2021043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular parasite that is extensively prevalent globally. Studies have indicated the presence of T. gondii infection in animals in some provinces of China, but little is known about T. gondii infection in yaks (Bos grunniens) on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. In the current study, to determine the seroprevalence and associated risk factors of T. gondii, a total of 2784 serum samples were collected from 18 different sampling sites in eight counties of the Qinghai and Tibet regions of China from 2018 to 2019. Serum antibodies against T. gondii were detected in 261 yaks (9.38%) via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We found that seroprevalence differed significantly among different counties (ranging from 5.41% in Gangcha to 19.79% in Datong), by year in the Tibet Autonomous Region (from 2.34% in 2018 to 13.24% in 2019), and by age (from 5.59% in 0 < year ≤ 1 to 11.76% in year > 7) (p < 0.05). Climate, geographical conditions, and age are the main factors influencing T. gondii infection in yaks in these regions. Therefore, our study provides a data reference for public health and prevention of yak toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Biohazards (Shanghai) of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China - Animal Science and Technology College, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, PR China
| | - Sajid Ur Rahman
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Biohazards (Shanghai) of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Jinzhong Cai
- Veterinary Research Institute, Qinghai Academy of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Xining 810016, Qinghai, PR China
| | - Jiangyong Zeng
- Tibet Livestock Research Institute, Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Science, Lhasa 850009, Tibet, PR China
| | - Rongsheng Mi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Biohazards (Shanghai) of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Yehua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Biohazards (Shanghai) of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Haiyan Gong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Biohazards (Shanghai) of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Hongcai Ma
- Tibet Livestock Research Institute, Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Science, Lhasa 850009, Tibet, PR China
| | - Yan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Biohazards (Shanghai) of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Xiangan Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Biohazards (Shanghai) of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Quan Zhao
- Animal Science and Technology College, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, PR China
| | - Zhaoguo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Biohazards (Shanghai) of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
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Arranz-Solís D, Carvalheiro CG, Zhang ER, Grigg ME, Saeij JPJ. Toxoplasma GRA Peptide-Specific Serologic Fingerprints Discriminate Among Major Strains Causing Toxoplasmosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:621738. [PMID: 33680990 PMCID: PMC7935526 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.621738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The severity of toxoplasmosis depends on a combination of host and parasite factors. Among them, the Toxoplasma strain causing the infection is an important determinant of the disease outcome. Type 2 strains dominate in Europe, whereas in North America type 2, followed by type 3 and 12 strains are commonly isolated from wildlife and patients. To identify the strain type a person is infected with, serological typing provides a promising alternative to the often risky and not always possible biopsy-based DNA methods of genotyping. However, despite recent advances in serotyping, improvements in the sensitivity and specificity are still needed, and it does not yet discriminate among the major Toxoplasma lineages infecting people. Moreover, since infections caused by non-1/2/3 strains have been associated with more severe disease, the ability to identify these is critical. In the present study we investigated the diagnostic potential of an ELISA-based assay using 28 immunogenic Toxoplasma peptides derived from a recent large-scale peptide array screen. Our results show that a discrete number of peptides, derived from Toxoplasma dense granule proteins (GRA3, GRA5, GRA6, and GRA7) was sufficient to discriminate among archetypal strains that infect mice and humans. The assay specifically relies on ratios that compare individual serum reactivities against GRA-specific polymorphic peptide variants in order to determine a "reactivity fingerprint" for each of the major strains. Importantly, nonarchetypal strains that possess a unique combination of alleles, different from types 1/2/3, showed either a non-reactive, or different combinatorial, mixed serum reactivity signature that was diagnostic in its own right, and that can be used to identify these strains. Of note, we identified a distinct "HG11/12" reactivity pattern using the GRA6 peptides that is able to distinguish HG11/12 from archetypal North American/European strain infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Arranz-Solís
- Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology Department, Veterinary Medicine School 3A, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Cristina G. Carvalheiro
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, Molecular Parasitology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States,Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth R. Zhang
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, Molecular Parasitology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Michael E. Grigg
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, Molecular Parasitology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jeroen P. J. Saeij
- Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology Department, Veterinary Medicine School 3A, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Jeroen P. J. Saeij,
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Dard C, Swale C, Brenier-Pinchart MP, Farhat DC, Bellini V, Robert MG, Cannella D, Pelloux H, Tardieux I, Hakimi MA. A brain cyst load-associated antigen is a Toxoplasma gondii biomarker for serodetection of persistent parasites and chronic infection. BMC Biol 2021; 19:25. [PMID: 33557824 PMCID: PMC7871634 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-00959-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomarker discovery remains a major challenge for predictive medicine, in particular, in the context of chronic diseases. This is true for the widespread protozoan Toxoplasma gondii which establishes long-lasting parasitism in metazoans, humans included. This microbe successively unfolds distinct genetic programs that direct the transition from high to low replicative potential inside host cells. As a slow-replicating cell, the T. gondii bradyzoite developmental stage persists enclosed in a cyst compartment within tissues including the nervous system, being held by a sustained immune equilibrium which accounts for the prolonged clinically silent phase of parasitism. Serological surveys indicate that nearly one third of the human population has been exposed to T. gondii and possibly host bradyzoites. Because any disruption of the immune balance drives the reverse transition from bradyzoite to fast replicating tachyzoite and uncontrolled growth of the latter, these people are at risk for life-threatening disease. While serological tests for discriminating recent from past infection are available, there is yet no immunogenic biomarker used in the serological test to allow ascertaining the presence of persistent bradyzoites. RESULTS Capitalizing on genetically engineered parasites induced to produce mature bradyzoites in vitro, we have identified the BCLA/MAG2 protein being restricted to the bradyzoite and the cyst envelope. Using laboratory mice as relevant T. gondii host models, we demonstrated that BCLA/MAG2 drives the generation of antibodies that recognize bradyzoite and the enveloping cyst structure. We have designed an ELISA assay based on a bacterially produced BCLA recombinant polypeptide, which was validated using a large collection of sera from mice of different genetic backgrounds and infected with bcla+ or bcla-null cystogenic and non-cystogenic T. gondii strains. To refine the design of the ELISA assay, we applied high-resolution BCLA epitope mapping and identified a specific combination of peptides and accordingly set up a selective and sensitive ELISA assay which allowed the detection of anti-BCLA/MAG2 antibodies in the sera of human patients with various forms of toxoplasmosis. CONCLUSIONS We brought proof of principle that anti-BCLA/MAG2 antibodies serve as specific and sensitive serological markers in the perspective of a combinatorial strategy for detection of persistent T. gondii parasitism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Dard
- Team Host-Pathogen Interactions and Immunity to Infection, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, CS10217, 38043, Grenoble, France
| | - Christopher Swale
- Team Host-Pathogen Interactions and Immunity to Infection, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Brenier-Pinchart
- Team Host-Pathogen Interactions and Immunity to Infection, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, CS10217, 38043, Grenoble, France
| | - Dayana C Farhat
- Team Host-Pathogen Interactions and Immunity to Infection, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Valeria Bellini
- Team Host-Pathogen Interactions and Immunity to Infection, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Marie Gladys Robert
- Team Host-Pathogen Interactions and Immunity to Infection, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, CS10217, 38043, Grenoble, France
| | - Dominique Cannella
- Team Host-Pathogen Interactions and Immunity to Infection, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Hervé Pelloux
- Team Host-Pathogen Interactions and Immunity to Infection, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, CS10217, 38043, Grenoble, France
| | - Isabelle Tardieux
- Team Membrane and Cell Dynamics of Host Parasite Interactions, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Mohamed-Ali Hakimi
- Team Host-Pathogen Interactions and Immunity to Infection, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.
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Jirapattharasate C, Udonsom R, Prachasuphap A, Jongpitisub K, Dhepakson P. Development and evaluation of recombinant GRA8 protein for the serodiagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infection in goats. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:27. [PMID: 33422085 PMCID: PMC7796619 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02719-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of sensitive and specific methods for detecting Toxoplasma gondii infection is critical for preventing and controlling toxoplasmosis in humans and other animals. Recently, various recombinant proteins have been used in serological tests for diagnosing toxoplasmosis. The production of these antigens is associated with live tachyzoites obtained from cell cultures or laboratory animals for genomic extraction to amplify target genes. Synthetic genes have gained a key role in recombinant protein production. For the first time, we demonstrated the production of the recombinant protein of the T. gondii dense granular antigen 8 (TgGRA8) gene based on commercial gene synthesis. Recombinant TgGRA8 plasmids were successfully expressed in an Escherichia coli system. The recombinant protein was affinity-purified and characterized via sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting. Furthermore, the diagnostic potential of the recombinant protein was assessed using 306 field serum samples from goats via indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) and the latex agglutination test (LAT). RESULTS Western blotting using known positive serum samples from goats identified a single antigen at the expected molecular weight of TgGRA8 (27 kDa). iELISA illustrated that 15.40% of goat samples were positive for T. gondii-specific IgG antibodies. In addition, TgGRA8 provided high sensitivity and specificity, with significant concordance (91.83) and kappa values (0.69) compared with the results obtained using LAT. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the production of a recombinant protein from a synthetic TgGRA8 gene and the ability to detect T. gondii infection in field samples. The sensitivity and specificity of TgGRA8 demonstrated that this protein could be a good serological marker for detecting specific IgG in goat sera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charoonluk Jirapattharasate
- Department of Preclinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, 999 Phutthamonthon sai 4 Rd, Salaya, Nakhonpathom, 73170 Thailand
| | - Ruenruetai Udonsom
- Department of Protozoology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Apichai Prachasuphap
- Department of Medical Sciences, Medical Life Sciences Institute, 88/7 Tiwanon Road, Talad Kwan Subdistrict, Muang District, Nonthaburi, 11000 Thailand
| | - Kodcharad Jongpitisub
- Department of Medical Sciences, Medical Life Sciences Institute, 88/7 Tiwanon Road, Talad Kwan Subdistrict, Muang District, Nonthaburi, 11000 Thailand
| | - Panadda Dhepakson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Medical Life Sciences Institute, 88/7 Tiwanon Road, Talad Kwan Subdistrict, Muang District, Nonthaburi, 11000 Thailand
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Wallon M, Fricker-Hidalgo H, Chapey E, Bailet C, Dard C, Brenier-Pinchart MP, Pelloux H. Performance of a Toxo IgM prototype assay for the diagnosis of maternal and congenital Toxoplasma infections. Clin Chem Lab Med 2020; 58:1959-1964. [PMID: 32333648 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2019-1199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Testing for anti-Toxoplasma immunoglobulin (Ig)M is of main importance in the context of pregnancy to promptly alert to an acute maternal infection prior to the detection of IgG and to identify infected newborns. Their absence helps exclude a recent maternal infection in the presence of IgG. Methods The performance of a Toxo IgM immunocapture prototype assay (bioMérieux, France) was compared with that of the VIDAS® Toxo IgM and the ARCHITECT® Toxo IgM (Abbott, Germany) assays at Grenoble and Lyon (France). A total of 1446 sera were sampled from (i) 1054 pregnant women found by routine workup to have no infection (n = 843), an acute infection (<4 months) (n = 28) or a chronic infection (>4 months) with residual (n = 120) or no IgM (n = 62); (ii) 50 three-serum panels sampled immediately after a maternal seroconversion; (iii) 242 samples taken in 41 children with a congenital toxoplasmosis (n = 122) and in 40 uninfected children (n = 120). Results In pregnant women, the overall agreement with the VIDAS® assay was 99.23% (CI: 99.16-99.27) and that with the ARCHITECT® assay was 99.14% (CI: 99.07-99.17). Sensitivity of the Toxo IgM prototype assay was 100% (CI: 87.66-100.00) and specificity was 99.64% (98.96-99.93). In acute maternal infections, IgM assays were detected as early with the prototype as with the other two. In the congenitally infected children, IgM were detected on their first sample in 25/40 with the prototype vs. 23/40 with the VIDAS® test. No uninfected child had positive IgM. Conclusion The prototype performed comparably to the ARCHITECT® and VIDAS® Toxo IgM assays for the diagnosis of maternal and congenital toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Wallon
- Service de Parasitologie et de Mycologie Médicale, Hôpital de la Croix Rousse, CHU de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud, Waking Team, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM U1028-CNRS UMR 5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Hélène Fricker-Hidalgo
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, CS 10217, Grenoble, France.,Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Team Host-Pathogen Interactions and Immunity to Infection, INSERM U1209-CNRS UMR 5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Emmanuelle Chapey
- Service de Parasitologie et de Mycologie Médicale, Hôpital de la Croix Rousse, CHU de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud-Charles Mérieux, Lyon, France
| | - Claire Bailet
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, CS 10217, Grenoble, France.,Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Team Host-Pathogen Interactions and Immunity to Infection, INSERM U1209-CNRS UMR 5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Céline Dard
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, CS 10217, Grenoble, France.,Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Team Host-Pathogen Interactions and Immunity to Infection, INSERM U1209-CNRS UMR 5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Brenier-Pinchart
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, CS 10217, Grenoble, France.,Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Team Host-Pathogen Interactions and Immunity to Infection, INSERM U1209-CNRS UMR 5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Hervé Pelloux
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, CS 10217, Grenoble, France.,Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Team Host-Pathogen Interactions and Immunity to Infection, INSERM U1209-CNRS UMR 5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
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Dupont D, Fricker-Hidalgo H, Brenier-Pinchart MP, Garnaud C, Wallon M, Pelloux H. Serology for Toxoplasma in Immunocompromised Patients: Still Useful? Trends Parasitol 2020; 37:205-213. [PMID: 33046380 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis represents one of the most common comorbidity factors in solid organ or hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients as well as in other immunocompromised patients. In the past decades, availability and performance of molecular tools for the diagnosis or the exclusion of toxoplasmosis in these patients have greatly improved. However, if accurately used, serology remains a complementary and essential diagnostic tool for physicians and medical parasitologists for the prevention and management of toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised patients as well. It is required for determination of the immunological status of patients against Toxoplasma. It also helps diagnose and monitor complex cases of opportunistic Toxoplasma infection in immunocompromised patients. New perspectives are available to further enhance their yield and ease of use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Dupont
- Institut des Agents Infectieux, Service de Parasitologie Mycologie Médicale, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, 69004, France; Physiologie intégrée du système d'éveil, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM U1028-CNRS UMR 5292, Faculté de Médecine, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bron, 69500, France.
| | - Hélène Fricker-Hidalgo
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, 38000, France; Institut pour l'Avancée des Biosciences (IAB), INSERM U1209-CNRS UMR 5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Brenier-Pinchart
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, 38000, France; Institut pour l'Avancée des Biosciences (IAB), INSERM U1209-CNRS UMR 5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Cécile Garnaud
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, 38000, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble INP, TIMC-IMAG, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Martine Wallon
- Institut des Agents Infectieux, Service de Parasitologie Mycologie Médicale, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, 69004, France; Physiologie intégrée du système d'éveil, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM U1028-CNRS UMR 5292, Faculté de Médecine, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bron, 69500, France
| | - Hervé Pelloux
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, 38000, France; Institut pour l'Avancée des Biosciences (IAB), INSERM U1209-CNRS UMR 5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, 38000, France
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Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii in Dairy Cows in Southeastern Brazil: Seropositive Cows on All Farms Investigated. Acta Parasitol 2020; 65:628-635. [PMID: 32207057 DOI: 10.2478/s11686-019-00140-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and identify the risk factors associated with the higher in-herd T. gondii seroprevalence in dairy cows in 37 farms in southern Minas Gerais, Southeastern Brazil. METHODS Serum samples from 1,105 dairy cows were subjected to an indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT 1:64) for anti-T. gondii IgG. The association existing between possible risk factors at the herd level and the seroprevalence were verified through Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) multiple logistic regression models. RESULTS Anti-T. gondii antibodies were observed in 31.4% of the cows (347; 95% CI= 28.7-34.2) and on 100% of the farms (37; 95% CI= 90.6-100.0%), indicating that all properties possessed at least one seropositive animal. For univariate analysis, herds with seroprevalence were categorized as greater and less than 30% as the outcome. The "breeding of Holstein Friesian cows" (p= 0.016, OR= 6.667, 95% CI= 1.500-29.628) and in an "intensive system" (p= 0.013, OR= 6.120, 95% CI= 1.394-26.876) increased the chance of the herd seroprevalence being greater than 30% by approximately six-fold. However, these variables did not exhibit a significant association (p >0.05) in the Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) logistic regression model. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that T. gondii infection is widespread among dairy cows in the south of Minas Gerais, with a wide environmental dispersion of the parasite on farms in this region.
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Role of Toxoplasma gondii IgG Avidity Testing in Discriminating between Acute and Chronic Toxoplasmosis in Pregnancy. J Clin Microbiol 2020; 58:JCM.00505-20. [PMID: 32321784 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00505-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Risk of mother-to-child transmission of Toxoplasma gondii during pregnancy is much greater in women who are exposed to primary T. gondii infection (toxoplasmosis) after conception compared to those who were exposed to the infection before conception. Therefore, laboratory tests that help classify recent primary toxoplasmosis are important tools for the management of pregnant women suspected to have T. gondii exposure. Detection of Toxoplasma IgM (Toxo IgM) is a sensitive indicator of primary toxoplasmosis, but the indicator specificity is low because sometimes natural IgM antibodies react with Toxoplasma antigens in the absence of the infection. Furthermore, Toxo IgM sometimes persists in blood serum for several months or years following the primary infection. In recent decades, Toxo IgG avidity assay has been used as a standard diagnostic technique for a better estimation of the infection acquisition time and identification of the primary T. gondii infection during pregnancy. Avidity is described as the aggregate strength; by which, a mixture of polyclonal IgG molecules reacts with multiple epitopes of the proteins. This parameter matures gradually within 6 months of the primary infection. A high Toxo IgG avidity index allows a recent infection (less than 4 months) to be excluded, whereas a low Toxo IgG avidity index indicates a probable recent infection with no exclusions of the older infections. This minireview is based on various aspects of T. gondii IgG avidity testing, including (i) description of avidity and basic methods used in primary studies on T. gondii IgG avidity and primary infections; (ii) importance of IgG avidity testing in pregnancy; (iii) result summary of the major studies on the use of T. gondii IgG avidity assay in pregnancy; (iv) brief explanation of the T. gondii IgG avidity values in newborns; (v) result summary of the major studies on T. gondii IgG avidity and PCR; (vi) discussion of commercially available T. gondii IgG avidity assays, including newer automated assays; and (vii) current issues and controversies in diagnosis of primary T. gondii infections in pregnancy.
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Chronic toxoplasmosis and sleepiness in obstructive sleep apnea: Is there a link? PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235463. [PMID: 32609758 PMCID: PMC7329112 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sleepiness is the main clinical expression of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome resulting from upper airway collapse. Recent studies have discussed the fact that the presence of T. gondii cysts in the brain and the resulting biochemical and immunological mechanisms could be linked to neurobehavioral disorders. The aim of the present study was to explore the potential impact of chronic toxoplasmosis on sleepiness and on obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity in OSA obese patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS A case control study on obese patients screened for OSA was performed. According to the sleep disorder and matched based on gender, age and body mass index (BMI), two groups of obese patients were selected from our sample collection database. All patients were tested for toxoplasmosis serological status measuring anti-Toxoplasma IgG and IgM levels. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were performed to assess the impact of chronic toxoplasmosis on sleepiness and OSA severity. RESULTS 107 obese patients suffering from OSA were included in the study (median age: 53.3 years Interquartile range (IQR): [41.9-59.9]; median BMI: 39.4 kg/m2 IQR: [35.5-44.1], apnea-hypopnea index = 27.5 events/h [10.7-49.9]). Chronic toxoplasmosis was present in 63.4% and 70.7% of patients with or without sleepiness (p = 0.48), respectively and was not associated either to sleepiness (OR: 0.76, 95% CI: [0.52; 2.33], p = 0.64) or OSA severity (OR = 1.75, 95% CI: [0.51; 5.98] p = 0.37). CONCLUSION Although chronic Toxoplasma infection in immunocompetent humans has been associated to several behavioral disorders or pathologies in recent literature, we demonstrate here that chronic toxoplasmosis is not associated to sleepiness and to sleep apnea syndrome severity in obese patients suspected of sleep apnea syndrome.
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Chiquet C, Chumpitazi B, Vilgrain I, Lesoin A, Fricker-Hidalgo H, Brenier-Pinchart MP, Vasseneix C, Savy O, Campolmi N, Gain P, Flori P, Aptel F, Pelloux H, Bouillet L. Prospective study of serum and aqueous humour anti-Hsp70.1 IgG antibody levels in ocular toxoplasmosis. Parasite Immunol 2020; 42:e12771. [PMID: 32602946 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We evaluate whether the serum and aqueous humour (AH) level of IgG anti-Hsp70.1 antibodies improved the biological diagnosis of ocular toxoplasmosis. METHODS AND RESULTS In this prospective cross-sectional and multicentre study, serum and AH were collected at the time of active uveitis. Anti-Hsp70.1-antibody levels were determined by ELISA. Patients with confirmed (Group A1, n = 21) or suspected ocular toxoplasmosis (group A2, n = 30) were enrolled, as well as a control group of patients with cataract (group B, n = 42). Serum IgG anti-Hsp70.1 antibody levels were not significantly different within the group of uveitis patients (A1, n = 21 vs A2, n = 30, P = .8) and were significantly associated with the affected retinal zone (P = .006) and with the size of the retinal lesion (P = .03). Serum anti-Hsp70.1 antibody level was positive in 10 out of the 18 patients of group A2. Significant anti-Hsp-70.1 antibody level in AH was reported in only three patients (3 eyes) with confirmed ocular toxoplasmosis. CONCLUSION While the level of IgG anti-Hsp-70.1 antibody in AH did not improve the laboratory diagnosis of ocular toxoplasmosis, its level in serum was of major significance for retinal damage diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Chiquet
- Department of Ophthalmology, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Bernabé Chumpitazi
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, CHU de Grenoble-Alpes and Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Isabelle Vilgrain
- CNRS, INSERM, CEA, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research of Grenoble (IRIG), Laboratory of Biology of Cancer and Infection, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Anne Lesoin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Helene Fricker-Hidalgo
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, CHU de Grenoble-Alpes and Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Brenier-Pinchart
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, CHU de Grenoble-Alpes and Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Olivier Savy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chambery Hospital, Chambery, France
| | - Nelly Campolmi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saint Etienne University Hospital, Saint Etienne, France
| | - Philippe Gain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saint Etienne University Hospital, Saint Etienne, France
| | - Pierre Flori
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint Etienne, France
| | - Florent Aptel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Hervé Pelloux
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, CHU de Grenoble-Alpes and Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Laurence Bouillet
- CNRS, INSERM, CEA, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research of Grenoble (IRIG), Laboratory of Biology of Cancer and Infection, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Department of Internal Medicine, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
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Xin S, Su R, Jiang N, Zhang L, Yang Y. Low Prevalence of Antibodies Against Toxoplasma gondii in Chinese Populations. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:302. [PMID: 32656100 PMCID: PMC7324674 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii has been found to infect almost all warm-blooded animals, including humans. In this study, a total of 3,275 human serum samples were collected from hospitals in five provinces of China. About 5.13% (168/3,275) (95% CI, 4.42–5.94) of the serum samples tested positive for T. gondii IgG antibody by a modified agglutination test (MAT) (cut-off: 1:20). Significant associations were detected between geographic location (OR = 1.763), age (OR = 3.072), infertility in women (OR = 2.4409) and T. gondii infection in humans (p < 0.05). To minimize infection, citizens need to be informed about the best practices for toxoplasmosis prevention, including eating well-cooked meat, drinking boiled water, washing vegetables and fruits, and being careful during contact with cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Xin
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruijing Su
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Longxian Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yurong Yang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
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Pleyer U, Gross U, Schlüter D, Wilking H, Seeber F. Toxoplasmosis in Germany. DEUTSCHES ARZTEBLATT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 116:435-444. [PMID: 31423982 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2019.0435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With approximately 30% of the world population infected, Toxoplasma gondii is one of the most widespread pathogenic parasites in both humans and animals and a major problem for health economics in many countries. METHODS This review is based on the findings of individual studies, meta-analyses, and Cochrane Reviews retrieved by a selective literature survey of the Medline and Google Scholar databases. RESULTS Current data indicate a high rate of Toxoplasma gondii infection in Germany, ranging from 20% to 77% depending on age (95% confidence interval for 18- to 29-year-olds [17.0; 23.1]; for 70- to 79-year-olds [72.7; 80.5]). Male sex, caring for a cat, and a body mass index of 30 or more are independent risk factors for seroconversion. Postnatally acquired (food-related) infec- tion is predominant, but maternal-to-fetal transmission still plays an important role. While most infections are asymptomatic, congenital toxoplasmosis and reactivated Toxoplasma encephalitis in immunosuppressed persons (transplant recipients and others) are sources of considerable morbidity. Toxoplasma gondii infection of the retina is the most common cause of infectious uveitis in Germany. The diagnosis and treatment of this type of parasitic infection are particular to the specific organs involved in the individual patient. CONCLUSION Desirable steps for the near future include development of an effective treatment for the cystic stage and identifica- tion of biomarkers to assess the risk of reactivation and predict the disease course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Pleyer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Charité Campus Virchow, University Faculty of Medicine, Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Institute of Medical Microbiology and German Reference Laboratory for Toxoplasma Infection, Faculty of Medicine University of Göttingen; Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School (MHH); Unit 35: Gastrointestinal Infections, Zoonoses and Tropical Infections, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin; Unit 16: Mycotic and parasitic agents and mycobacteria, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin
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Ferreira FB, de Macêdo-Júnior AG, Lopes CS, Silva MV, Ramos ELP, Júnior ÁF, Vitaliano SN, Santiago FM, Santos ALQ, Mineo JR, Mineo TWP. Serological evidence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in Melanosuchus niger (Spix, 1825) and Caimam crocodilus (Linnaeus, 1758). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-PARASITES AND WILDLIFE 2020; 12:42-45. [PMID: 32420024 PMCID: PMC7217805 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan with worldwide prevalence, known to affect a large variety of warm-blooded hosts. However, its ability to induce long-lasting infections in cold-blooded animals remains unclear. The most likely source of infection is through consumption of meat containing tissue cysts or by ingestion of food or water contaminated with oocysts. The current global climate change trend and the progressive degradation of natural habitats are prone to alter the distribution of ectotherm populations over a short period of time, which may favor contact between these animals and the protozoan. In association, alligator meat is considered a delicacy in many regions and its consumption has been previously related to a diversity of foodborne diseases. In that sense, we proposed in this study to search for specific antibodies against T. gondii in serum samples of two common species of alligators from the Brazilian fauna (Melanosuchus niger and Caimam crocodilus). We obtained the serum samples from 84 alligators from the Araguaia region, which were tested by agglutination assays that do not require species-specific secondary antibodies (Modified Agglutination Test – MAT; Indirect Hemagglutination Assay – IHA). From the 84 samples tested, eight (9.5%) were positive by MAT. From those, seven (87.5% of MAT+, 8.3% of the total) were also positive by IHA, reassuring a probable exposure of these animals to the parasite. Direct parasite detection in muscle fragments of one serologically reactive alligator did not yield positive results. Our results provide serological evidence that Brazilian alligators may be exposed to T. gondii and further studies should be performed to elucidate whether alligators are natural hosts of this ubiquitous protozoan parasite. Exposure to T. gondii was verified in sera of 84 Brazilian alligators. The serum samples were analyzed to 2 serological assays: MAT and HAI. 7 samples were found to be positive in bothserological tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Batista Ferreira
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Pará, 1720, Uberlândia, CEP, 38400 902, Brazil
| | - Arlindo Gomes de Macêdo-Júnior
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Pará, 1720, Uberlândia, CEP, 38400 902, Brazil
| | - Carolina Salomão Lopes
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Pará, 1720, Uberlândia, CEP, 38400 902, Brazil
| | - Murilo Vieira Silva
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Pará, 1720, Uberlândia, CEP, 38400 902, Brazil
| | - Eliézer Lucas Pires Ramos
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Pará, 1720, Uberlândia, CEP, 38400 902, Brazil
| | - Álvaro Ferreira Júnior
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Pará, 1720, Uberlândia, CEP, 38400 902, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Netto Vitaliano
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, University of São Paulo, SP, 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Maria Santiago
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Pará, 1720, Uberlândia, CEP, 38400 902, Brazil
| | - André Luis Quagliatto Santos
- Laboratory for Education and Research on Wild Animals (LAPAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Mineo
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Pará, 1720, Uberlândia, CEP, 38400 902, Brazil
| | - Tiago Wilson Patriarca Mineo
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Pará, 1720, Uberlândia, CEP, 38400 902, Brazil
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Duong HD, Appiah-Kwarteng C, Takashima Y, Aye KM, Nagayasu E, Yoshida A. A novel luciferase-linked antibody capture assay (LACA) for the diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infection in chickens. Parasitol Int 2020; 77:102125. [PMID: 32311471 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2020.102125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite that causes the most common parasitic zoonosis worldwide in multiples species of mammals and birds. Although free-range chickens may play a role as an important reservoir for T. gondii, there is no reliable and commercially available diagnostic test for this disease in chickens. In this study, we aimed to develop a novel Luciferase-linked Antibody Capture Assay (LACA) for the serodiagnosis of Toxoplasma infection in chickens. Recombinant nanoluciferase fused-T. gondii dense granule antigen 8 (rNluc-GRA8) was produced and applied to LACA assay as a diagnostic antigen. GRA8-LACA was tested with the sera from uninfected and experimentally infected chickens with T. gondii and other parasitic pathogens and showed unexpectedly high sensitivity (90.5%) and specificity (95.4%). Interestingly, E. coli lysate expressing rNluc-GRA8 could be applied in GRA8-LACA with 85.7% sensitivity and an increased specificity (96.9%) that gave better diagnostic performance compared to conventional ELISA. We applied our diagnostic system to examine 267 free-range chicken sera collected from 12 farms and 100 closed-house broiler chicken sera from local poultry abattoirs. The overall seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in free-range chickens was 10.9% (95% CI: 10.6%-11.1%), while no positive case was found in broiler chickens. GRA8-LACA could be a useful diagnostic technique for T. gondii infection in chickens. The detection of T. gondii seropositive chickens in this study warns a potential risk of Toxoplasma transmission by the consumption of raw or undercooked chicken meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hieu Duc Duong
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitic Diseases, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan; Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Viet Nam
| | - Cornelia Appiah-Kwarteng
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Takashima
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Khin Myo Aye
- Division of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan; Parasitology Research Division, Department of Medical Research, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Eiji Nagayasu
- Division of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Ayako Yoshida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitic Diseases, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan; Centre for Animal Diseases Control (CADIC), University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.
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Tsymala I, Nigritinou M, Zeka B, Schulz R, Niederschick F, Matković M, Bauer IJ, Szalay M, Schanda K, Lerch M, Misu T, Fujihara K, Bennett JL, Dahle C, Pache F, Rommer P, Leutmezer F, Illes Z, Leite MI, Palace J, Scholze P, Reindl M, Lassmann H, Bradl M. Induction of aquaporin 4-reactive antibodies in Lewis rats immunized with aquaporin 4 mimotopes. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:49. [PMID: 32293546 PMCID: PMC7160927 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-00920-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Most cases of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) harbor pathogenic autoantibodies against the water channel aquaporin 4 (AQP4). Binding of these antibodies to AQP4 on astrocytes initiates damage to these cells, which culminates in the formation of large tissue destructive lesions in the central nervous system (CNS). Consequently, untreated patients may become permanently blind or paralyzed. Studies on the induction and breakage of tolerance to AQP4 could be of great benefit for NMOSD patients. So far, however, all attempts to create suitable animal models by active sensitization have failed. We addressed this challenge and identified peptides, which mimic the conformational AQP4 epitopes recognized by pathogenic antibodies of NMOSD patients. Here we show that these mimotopes can induce the production of AQP4-reactive antibodies in Lewis rats. Hence, our results provide a conceptual framework for the formation of such antibodies in NMOSD patients, and aid to improve immunization strategies for the creation of animal models suitable for tolerance studies in this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Tsymala
- Department Neuroimmunology, Medical University Vienna, Center for Brain Research, Spitalgasse 4, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Magdalini Nigritinou
- Department Neuroimmunology, Medical University Vienna, Center for Brain Research, Spitalgasse 4, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bleranda Zeka
- Department Neuroimmunology, Medical University Vienna, Center for Brain Research, Spitalgasse 4, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rouven Schulz
- Department Neuroimmunology, Medical University Vienna, Center for Brain Research, Spitalgasse 4, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Felix Niederschick
- Department Neuroimmunology, Medical University Vienna, Center for Brain Research, Spitalgasse 4, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mia Matković
- Department Neuroimmunology, Medical University Vienna, Center for Brain Research, Spitalgasse 4, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Isabel J Bauer
- Department Neuroimmunology, Medical University Vienna, Center for Brain Research, Spitalgasse 4, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Szalay
- Department Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Medical University Vienna, Center for Brain Research, Spitalgasse 4, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kathrin Schanda
- Clinical Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 66/2, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Magdalena Lerch
- Clinical Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 66/2, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tatsuro Misu
- Departments of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics and Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryomachi, Aobaku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Kazuo Fujihara
- Departments of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics and Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryomachi, Aobaku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Jeffrey L Bennett
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Program, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Charlotte Dahle
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Florence Pache
- Department of Neurology and NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paulus Rommer
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fritz Leutmezer
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Zsolt Illes
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Maria Isabel Leite
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Jacqueline Palace
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Petra Scholze
- Department Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Medical University Vienna, Center for Brain Research, Spitalgasse 4, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Reindl
- Clinical Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 66/2, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hans Lassmann
- Department Neuroimmunology, Medical University Vienna, Center for Brain Research, Spitalgasse 4, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Bradl
- Department Neuroimmunology, Medical University Vienna, Center for Brain Research, Spitalgasse 4, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
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Nayeri T, Sarvi S, Moosazadeh M, Amouei A, Hosseininejad Z, Daryani A. The global seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in women who had spontaneous abortion: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008103. [PMID: 32168351 PMCID: PMC7069604 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is an intracellular pathogen that can lead to abortion in pregnant women infected with this parasite. Therefore, the present study aimed to estimate the global seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii antibodies in women who had spontaneous abortion based on the results of published articles and evaluate the relationship between seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii antibodies and abortion via a systematical review and meta-analysis. METHODS Different databases were searched in order to gain access to all studies on the seroprevalence of anti- T. gondii antibodies in women who had spontaneous abortion and association between seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii antibodies and abortion published up to April 25th, 2019. Odds ratio (OR) and the pooled rate seroprevalence of T. gondii with a 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using the random effects model. RESULTS In total, 8 cross-sectional studies conducted on 1275 women who had abortion in present pregnancy, 40 cross-sectional studies performed on 9122 women who had a history of abortion, and 60 articles (involving 35 cross-sectional studies including 4436 women who had spontaneous abortion as case and 10398 as control and 25 case-control studies entailing 4656 cases and 3178 controls) were included for the final analyses. The random-effects estimates of the prevalence of anti-T. gondii IgG antibody in women who had abortion in present pregnancy and women who had a history of abortion were 33% (95% CI: 17%-49%) and 43% (95% CI: 27%-60%), respectively. In addition, the pooled OR for anti-T. gondii IgG antibody in cross-sectional and case-control studies among women who had spontaneous abortion were 1.65 (95% CI: 1.31-2.09) and 2.26 (95% CI: 1.56-3.28), respectively. Also, statistical analysis showed that the pooled OR of the risk of anti-T. gondii IgM antibody 1.39 (95% CI: 0.61-3.15) in cross-sectional and 4.33 (95% CI: 2.42-7.76) in case-control studies. CONCLUSION Based on the results of the current study, T. gondii infection could be considered a potential risk factor for abortion. It is recommended to carry out further and more comprehensive investigations to determine the effect of T. gondii infection on abortion to prevent and control toxoplasmosis among pregnant women around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tooran Nayeri
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Shahabeddin Sarvi
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahmood Moosazadeh
- Health Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Amouei
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Zahra Hosseininejad
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ahmad Daryani
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Simon L, Fillaux J, Guigon A, Lavergne RA, Villard O, Villena I, Marty P, Pomares C. Serological diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii: analysis of false-positive IgG results and implications. Parasite 2020; 27:7. [PMID: 32031519 PMCID: PMC7006501 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2020006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary infection by Toxoplasma gondii in pregnant women can result in serious outcomes for the foetus. A false-positive IgG result during pregnancy can lead to a misdiagnosis of past infection and to stopping preventive measures. We collected 189 sera with positive Architect® Toxo IgG assay (Abbott Laboratories) and negative IgG results with at least two other serological tests, in order to find an explanation for the suspected false-positive IgG results. We used the recomLine Toxoplasma IgG® immunoblot (Mikrogen Diagnostik) to search for specific antigenic reactivities of the sera, and the LDBio Toxo II IgG® immunoblot (LDBio Diagnostics) as a confirmatory test. RESULTS The bands GRA8 and/or GRA7 were positive for 148 samples (78.3%). GRA8 was the most frequent band, appearing in 133 patterns (70.4%), whereas GRA7 was present for 49 samples (25.9%). Of the 81 samples tested with LDBio®, 23 (28.4%) turned out to be positive. Of the 58 negative LDBio® tests (71.6%) (real false-positive Architect® IgG), 23 samples (39.6%) did not show either a GRA8 or p30 band by recomLine®. Their false positivity with Architect® remains unexplained since Abbott uses these two recombinant antigens for their assay. CONCLUSIONS The Architect® IgG false positivity for T. gondii seems to be due to reactivity against GRA8 for the majority of the sera and GRA7 to a lesser extent. The hypothesis of past contact with parasites genetically close to T. gondii such as Hammondia hammondi or Neospora caninum seems promising and should be assessed further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Simon
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Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU de Nice, Université Côte d’Azur 06202 Nice France
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Inserm U1065, C3M 06204 Nice France
| | - Judith Fillaux
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Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU de Toulouse 31300 Toulouse France
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PharmaDev, IRD UMR 152, Université de Toulouse 31062 Toulouse France
| | - Aurélie Guigon
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Service de Microbiologie, Hôpital La Source, CHR d’Orléans 45100 Orléans France
| | - Rose-Anne Lavergne
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Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU de Nantes 44093 Nantes France
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Université de Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universités, EA1155-IICiMed, Institut de Recherche en Santé 2 44200 Nantes France
| | - Odile Villard
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Institut de Parasitologie et de Pathologie Tropicale, EA 7292, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Université de Strasbourg 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Isabelle Villena
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EA7510, ESCAPE, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, SFR Cap Santé FED 4231 51096 Reims France
| | - Pierre Marty
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Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU de Nice, Université Côte d’Azur 06202 Nice France
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Inserm U1065, C3M 06204 Nice France
| | - Christelle Pomares
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Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU de Nice, Université Côte d’Azur 06202 Nice France
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Inserm U1065, C3M 06204 Nice France
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How to estimate time of infection with Toxoplasma gondii in pregnant women. Use of specific IgG and IgM kinetics by 7 techniques on 691 sera. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 96:114987. [PMID: 32005405 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2020.114987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A difficulty when detecting both anti-Toxoplasma gondii-specific IgG and IgM in pregnant women is estimating the date of infection. The aim of this study was to compare the anti-Toxoplasma-specific immunoglobulin kinetics of 7 serological techniques to date the infection and to draw kinetic curves that are easy to use on a daily basis. IgG and IgM antibodies were measured on 691 sera samples. IgM appeared a few days, less than 1 week, after the beginning of the infection. Then, the levels of IgM reached a peak at approximately 3, 4, and 5 weeks with Toxo-ISAGA® IgM, IgM homemade indirect immunofluorescence assays, and Vidas Toxo® IgM, respectively. Furthermore, the Architect Toxo® IgG titers were higher than those of the Vidas Toxo® IgG results in recent infection (less than 6 months). This study provides new average IgM and IgG curves that can help to determine the approximate date of infection.
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Nakashima F, Pardo VS, Miola MP, Murata FHA, Paduan N, Longo SM, Brandão de Mattos CC, Pereira-Chioccola VL, Ricci O, de Mattos LC. Serum IgG Anti- Toxoplasma gondii Antibody Concentrations Do Not Correlate Nested PCR Results in Blood Donors. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 9:461. [PMID: 31993377 PMCID: PMC6970978 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:Toxoplasma gondii infects millions of individuals worldwide. This protozoan is food and water-borne transmitted but blood transfusion and organ transplantation constitute alternative forms for transmission. However, the influence of IgG anti-T. gondii antibodies in molecular analysis carried out in peripheral blood still remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the serum IgG anti-T. gondii antibody concentrations correlate Nested PCR results in blood donors. Methods: 750 blood donors were enrolled. IgM and IgG anti-T. gondii antibodies were assessed by ELISA (DiaSorin, Italy). Nested PCR was performed with primers JW62/JW63 (288 bp) and B22/B23 (115 bp) of the T. gondii B1 gene. The mean values of IgG concentration were compared for PCR positive and PCR Negative blood donors using the t-test or Mann-Whitney according to the normal distribution (p-value ≤ 0.05). Results: 361 (48.1%) blood donors presented positive serology as follow: IgM+/IgG−: 5 (0.6%); IgM+/IgG+: 21 (2.8%); IgM−/IgG+: 335 (44.7%) and 389 (51.9%), negative serology. From 353 blood donors with positive serology tested, the Nested PCR was positive in 38 (10.8%) and negative in 315 (89.2%). There were no differences statistically significant between the mean values of serum IgG anti-T. gondii antibody concentrations and the Nested PCR results. Conclusions: In conclusion, our data show that variations in the serum IgG anti-T. gondii antibody concentrations do not correlate T. gondii parasitemia detected by Nested PCR in chronically infected healthy blood donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Nakashima
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Molecular Biology Department, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valquíria Sousa Pardo
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Molecular Biology Department, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Paulo Miola
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Molecular Biology Department, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Blood Bank São José do Rio Preto, Fundação Faculdade Regional de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Natalia Paduan
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Molecular Biology Department, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stefani Miqueline Longo
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Molecular Biology Department, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cinara Cássia Brandão de Mattos
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Molecular Biology Department, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,FAMERP Toxoplasma Research Group, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Octávio Ricci
- Blood Bank São José do Rio Preto, Fundação Faculdade Regional de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos de Mattos
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Molecular Biology Department, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,FAMERP Toxoplasma Research Group, São Paulo, Brazil
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Diezma-Díaz C, Ferre I, Saldias B, Blanco-Murcia J, Ortega-Mora LM, Álvarez-García G. Added value of IgM detection and low avidity index as markers of acute bovine besnoitiosis. Vet Parasitol 2019; 277:109012. [PMID: 31884316 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2019.109012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Early in vivo diagnosis of bovine besnoitiosis is crucial for the success of control programmes. However, diagnosis in acutely infected animals is hindered by the low sensitivity of the available serological tools. In this study, a novel ELISA to detect specific anti-Besnoitia besnoiti IgM antibodies was developed. The usefulness of this tool together with an avidity ELISA were studied with a well-coded sera panel from experimentally and naturally infected cattle. First, the kinetics of specific IgM levels were determined in experimentally infected calves during the acute and chronic infection. Next, IgM levels were determined in naturally infected cattle with either acute or chronic infection. Finally, the IgG avidity index was monitored in both experimentally and naturally infected cattle. Specific IgM antibodies were detected prior to specific IgG antibodies (7-19 days vs. 17-26 days post-infection). A prompt IgM response was associated with the end of the febrile stage in experimentally infected calves. Naturally and experimentally infected animals with acute clinical signs tested IgM-positive but IgG-negative, followed by IgG seroconversion 2-3 weeks later. Chronically infected cattle developed both IgM and IgG specific antibodies. Moreover, a progressive increase in the avidity index (AI) was observed in all experimentally infected calves during the course of the experimental trials. However, a low AI coincided with visible tissue cysts. Low avidity values were also detected when naturally infected cattle with acute clinical signs seroconverted, in contrast to a high AI detected in chronically infected cattle. In summary, IgM and avidity ELISAs improved the early in vivo diagnosis of bovine besnoitiosis. IgM-positive but IgG-negative results were indicative of an acute infection, whereas IgG positive results accompanied by low avidity values confirmed a recent infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Diezma-Díaz
- SALUVET, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Ferre
- SALUVET, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Begonia Saldias
- SALUVET, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Blanco-Murcia
- SALUVET, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Animal Medicine and Surgery Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Miguel Ortega-Mora
- SALUVET, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Álvarez-García
- SALUVET, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Arranz-Solís D, Cordeiro C, Young LH, Dardé ML, Commodaro AG, Grigg ME, Saeij JPJ. Serotyping of Toxoplasma gondii Infection Using Peptide Membrane Arrays. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:408. [PMID: 31850240 PMCID: PMC6895565 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii can cause chronic infections in most warm-blooded animals, including humans. In the USA, strains belonging to four different Toxoplasma clonal lineages (types 1, 2, 3, and 12) are commonly isolated, whereas strains not belonging to these lineages are predominant in other continents such as South America. Strain type plays a pivotal role in determining the severity of Toxoplasma infection. Therefore, it is epidemiologically relevant to develop a non-invasive and inexpensive method for determining the strain type in Toxoplasma infections and to correlate the genotype with disease outcome. Serological typing is based on the fact that many host antibodies are raised against immunodominant parasite proteins that are highly polymorphic between strains. However, current serological assays can only reliably distinguish type 2 from non-type 2 infections. To improve these assays, mouse, rabbit, and human infection serum were reacted against 950 peptides from 62 different polymorphic Toxoplasma proteins by using cellulose membrane peptide arrays. This allowed us to identify the most antigenic peptides and to pinpoint the most relevant polymorphisms that determine strain specificity. Our results confirm the utility of previously described peptides and identify novel peptides that improve and increase the specificity of the assay. In addition, a large number of novel proteins showed potential to be used for Toxoplasma diagnosis. Among these, peptides derived from several rhoptry, dense granule, and surface proteins represented promising candidates that may be used in future experiments to improve Toxoplasma serotyping. Moreover, a redesigned version of the published GRA7 typing peptide performed better and specifically distinguished type 3 from non-type 3 infections in sera from mice, rabbits, and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Arranz-Solís
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Cynthia Cordeiro
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, United States.,Biology Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Lucy H Young
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Marie Laure Dardé
- Faculty of Medicine, Parasitologie-Mycologie, UMR INSERM 1094, National Reference Center and Biological Resource Center for Toxoplasmosis, CHU Dupuytren 2, Limoges, France
| | - Alessandra G Commodaro
- Molecular Parasitology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Michael E Grigg
- Molecular Parasitology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jeroen P J Saeij
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Acute Toxoplasma infection in pregnant women worldwide: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007807. [PMID: 31609966 PMCID: PMC6822777 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute Toxoplasma infection (ATI) during pregnancy, if left untreated, can cause severe adverse outcomes for the fetus and newborn. Here, we undertook a meta-analysis to estimate the worldwide prevalence of ATI in pregnant women. METHODS We searched international databases for studies published between January 1988 and November 2018. We included population-based cross-sectional and prospective cohort studies that reported the prevalence of ATI in pregnant women. Data were synthesized using a random effect model to calculate the overall prevalence of ATI (with a 95% CI) in six WHO regions and globally. We also performed linear meta-regression analyses to investigate associations of maternal, socio-demographic, geographical and climate parameters with the prevalence of ATI. RESULTS In total, 217 studies comprising 902,228 pregnant women across 74 countries were included in the meta-analysis. The overall prevalence of ATI in pregnant women globally was 1.1% (95% CI: 0.9-1.2%). In studies where more strict criteria for ATI were used, the overall prevalence was 0.6% (95% CI: 0.4-0.7%). The prevalence was highest in the Eastern Mediterranean region (2.5%; 95%CI: 1.7-3.4%) and lowest in the European region (0.5%; 95% CI: 0.4-0.7%). A significantly higher prevalence of ATI was found in countries with lower income levels (P = 0.027), lower human development indices (P = 0.04), higher temperatures (P = 0.02) and lower latitudes (P = 0.005) and longitudes (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS The risk of acquiring ATI during gestation is clinically important and preventive measures to avoid exposure of pregnant women to Toxoplasma infection should be strictly applied.
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Rivera EM, Lavayén SN, Sánchez P, Martins CMA, Gómez E, Rodríguez JP, Arias ME, Silva AP, Angel SO. Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity associated to peri-urban living places in pregnant women in a rural area of Buenos Aires province, Argentina. Parasite Epidemiol Control 2019; 7:e00121. [PMID: 31872090 PMCID: PMC6911913 DOI: 10.1016/j.parepi.2019.e00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with Toxoplasma gondii is very common in humans throughout the world, the intake of raw or undercooked meat with tissue cysts and fruits, vegetables and water contaminated with parasite oocysts being the main routes of infection. Here, we analyzed the seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii antibodies in pregnant females (age 13–44 years; n = 920) between April 2014 and December 2017 from Chascomús (Argentina), a city immersed in a rural area. Altogether 320 tested positive for immunoglobulin G antibodies, yielding an overall seroprevalence of 34.8% (CI 95%: 31.7–37.9). No association was observed between seropositivity and age. In addition, by using the QGIS 3.2.1 software we analyzed the geographical distribution of 769 (83.6%) pregnant females in two main areas of the city: Urban (n = 157) and Peri-urban (n = 612) with a seroprevalence of 26.8% (CI 95%: 19.8–33.7) and 36.4% (CI 95%: 32.6–40.3) respectively, and this difference was statistically significant (p = 0.023). Furthermore, we assessed through a questionnaire survey, between April 2016 to December 2017, possible risk factors such as activity (urban and rural), home water supply, animal husbandry, presence of cats as pets, gardening and consumption of meat and its derivatives (pork, sheep meat and sausages) and their frequencies (consumption per week), not finding significant association with seropositivity. Significant differences was found when the seroprevalence was analyzed between the urban and peri-urban neighborhoods of the city of Chascomús. The higher seroprevalence in peri-urban neighborhoods could be due to an unfavorable socioeconomic situation and/or to undeveloped peri-urban environments, which is a risk factor that should be taken into account when planning the health care of pregnant females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elías M Rivera
- Laboratorio de Parasitología Molecular, INTECH, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)/Universidad Nacional General San Martin (UNSAM), Int. Marino Km8.2, Chascomús, Provincia de Buenos Aires, CP7130, Argentina
| | - Silvina N Lavayén
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Instituto Nacional de Epidemiología Dr. Juan H. Jara-ANLIS Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán, Mar Del Plata, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paola Sánchez
- Hospital Municipal San Vicente de Paul, Chascomús, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos M A Martins
- Hospital Municipal San Vicente de Paul, Chascomús, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Etelvina Gómez
- Hospital Municipal San Vicente de Paul, Chascomús, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge P Rodríguez
- Hospital Municipal San Vicente de Paul, Chascomús, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcela E Arias
- Secretaría de Salud, Municipalidad de Chascomús, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea P Silva
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Instituto Nacional de Epidemiología Dr. Juan H. Jara-ANLIS Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán, Mar Del Plata, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sergio O Angel
- Laboratorio de Parasitología Molecular, INTECH, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)/Universidad Nacional General San Martin (UNSAM), Int. Marino Km8.2, Chascomús, Provincia de Buenos Aires, CP7130, Argentina
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Alvarado-Esquivel C, Ramos-Nevarez A, Guido-Arreola CA, Cerrillo-Soto SM, Pérez-Álamos AR, Estrada-Martínez S, Gutierrez-Martinez VD, Sifuentes-Alvarez A, Ramírez-Valles EG, Contreras-Cisneros E. Association between Toxoplasma gondii infection and thyroid dysfunction: a case-control seroprevalence study. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:826. [PMID: 31533667 PMCID: PMC6751844 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4450-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The association between Toxoplasma gondii infection and thyroid disease has been poorly studied. Therefore, we sought to determine the association between T. gondii seropositivity and thyroid dysfunction. Methods We performed an age- and gender-matched case-control study of 176 patients suffering from hypothyroidism (n = 161) or hyperthyroidism (n = 15) and 528 control subjects without these diseases in a public hospital in Durango City, Mexico. Anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibodies were determined in sera from cases and controls using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunoassay. Results Anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies were found in 11 (6.3%) of 176 patients suffering from thyroid dysfunction and in 48 (9.1%) of 528 control subjects (OR = 0.66; 95% CI: 0.33–1.31; P = 0.23). Stratification by two groups of age (50 years and younger, and 51 year and older) showed that the youngest group of patients with thyroid dysfunction had a significantly lower seroprevalence of T. gondii infection than its age- and gender-matched control group (1/83: 1.2% vs 23/257: 8.6%; OR = 0.12; 95% CI: 0.01–0.93; P = 0.01). This stratification also showed that the youngest group of patients with hypothyroidism had a significantly lower seroprevalence of T. gondii infection than its age- and gender matched control group (0/75: 0% vs 21/233: 9.0%; P = 0.003). Conclusions Our results suggest that thyroid dysfunction is not associated with seropositivity to T. gondii in general; however, in young (50 years or less) patients, a negative association between infection and thyroid dysfunction and hypothyroidism was found. Further research to confirm this negative association is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosme Alvarado-Esquivel
- Biomedical Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Nutrition, Juárez University of Durango State, Avenida Universidad S/N, 34000, Durango, Mexico.
| | - Agar Ramos-Nevarez
- Clínica de Medicina Familiar, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Predio Canoas S/N, 34079, Durango, Mexico
| | - Carlos Alberto Guido-Arreola
- Clínica de Medicina Familiar, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Predio Canoas S/N, 34079, Durango, Mexico
| | - Sandra Margarita Cerrillo-Soto
- Clínica de Medicina Familiar, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Predio Canoas S/N, 34079, Durango, Mexico
| | - Alma Rosa Pérez-Álamos
- Institute for Scientific Research "Dr. Roberto Rivera-Damm", Juárez University of Durango State, Avenida Universidad S/N, 34000, Durango, Mexico
| | - Sergio Estrada-Martínez
- Institute for Scientific Research "Dr. Roberto Rivera-Damm", Juárez University of Durango State, Avenida Universidad S/N, 34000, Durango, Mexico
| | | | - Antonio Sifuentes-Alvarez
- Biomedical Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Nutrition, Juárez University of Durango State, Avenida Universidad S/N, 34000, Durango, Mexico
| | - Eda Guadalupe Ramírez-Valles
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Juárez University of Durango State, Avenida Universidad S/N, 34000, Durango, Dgo, Mexico
| | - Edith Contreras-Cisneros
- Clínica de Medicina Familiar, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Predio Canoas S/N, 34079, Durango, Mexico
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Is Toxoplasma gondii a potential risk factor for Alzheimer's disease? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Microb Pathog 2019; 137:103751. [PMID: 31536800 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is a major public health concern due to neurotropic nature and role in the development of mental and behavioral disorders. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an important nervous disease that results in the reduction of the amount of beta-amyloid plaque deposition and irreversible loss of neurons in the brain. Although a few studies evaluated the association between AD and toxoplasmosis, the present study as a systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies investigated the possible association between Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) and AD. A systematic literature search was conducted using seven electronic databases from the inception to 25th of November 2018 with no restriction of language that looked at toxoplasmosis (as an exposure) and AD (as a disease). The random effect model was used to determine the total odds ratio (OR) and total p-value. Generally, eight studies containing 3239 subjects (360 patients and 2879 controls) met the eligibility criteria. Then, eight articles were used for meta-analysis with respect to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results of the meta-analysis (random effect model) showed a common OR of 1.53 (95% CI: 1.07-2.18). Despite the fact that there was no evidence of publication bias (P = 0.079) using formal statistical test, the visual inspection of the funnel graph suggested that the observed effect was fueled mainly by three studies with large effects (and large standard errors). Moreover, the file-drawer effect (i.e. publishing mainly studies with positive results) might play a role in the phenomenon. Results of this meta-analytic study suggested that T. gondii can be considered a risk factor for the development of AD and exacerbation of its symptoms. However, the number of published relevant studies is still relatively low, and the risk of the presence of publication bias is relatively high. Therefore, the investigation of the clinically important question of the possible association between toxoplasmosis and AD definitively deserves further attention.
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