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Wilder B, Pinedo A, Abusin S, Ansell D, Bacong AM, Calvin J, Cha SW, Doukky R, Hasan F, Luo S, Oktay AA, Palaniappan L, Rana N, Rivera FB, Fayaz B, Suliman AA, Volgman AS. A Global Perspective on Socioeconomic Determinants of Cardiovascular Health. Can J Cardiol 2024:S0828-282X(24)00583-X. [PMID: 39095016 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2024.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality in the world. From 2005 to 2008, the World Health Organization (WHO) planned an initiative to reduce the mortality rate of CVD by 2030 by addressing health, finance, transport, education, and agriculture in these communities. Plans were underway by many countries to meet the goals of the WHO initiative. However, in 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic derailed these goals, and many health systems suffered as the world battled the viral pandemic. The pandemic made health inequities even more prominent and necessitated a different approach to understanding and improving the socioeconomic determinants of health (SDOH). WHO initiated a special initiative to improve SDOH globally. This paper is an update on what other regions across the globe are doing to decrease, more specifically, the impact of socioeconomic determinants of cardiovascular health. Our review highlights how countries and regions such as Canada, the United States, India, Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and Africa are uniquely affected by various socioeconomic factors and how these countries are attempting to counter these obstacles by creating policies and protocols to facilitate an infrastructure that promotes screening and treatment of CVD. Ultimately, interventions directed toward populations that have been economically and socially marginalized may aid in reducing the disease and financial burden associated with CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Wilder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alejandro Pinedo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Salaheldin Abusin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - David Ansell
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Adrian Matias Bacong
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; Stanford Center for Asian Health Research and Education (CARE), Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - James Calvin
- Stanford Center for Asian Health Research and Education (CARE), Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA; Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Rami Doukky
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Cook County Health, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Faisal Hasan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Shengyuan Luo
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ahmet Afşin Oktay
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Latha Palaniappan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Natasha Rana
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Basmah Fayaz
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Annabelle Santos Volgman
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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Heinze C, Hartmeyer RD, Sidenius A, Ringgaard LW, Bjerregaard AL, Krølner RF, Allender S, Bauman A, Klinker CD. Developing and Evaluating a Data-Driven and Systems Approach to Health Promotion Among Vocational Students: Protocol for the Data Health Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2024; 13:e52571. [PMID: 38319698 PMCID: PMC10879971 DOI: 10.2196/52571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vocational school students exhibit significant risk behaviors in terms of poor diet, frequent use of nicotine products, inadequate fruit and vegetable intake, low levels of physical activity, and poor mental health. This makes vocational students vulnerable to the development of noncommunicable diseases. Therefore, effective health promotion programs targeting vocational students are required. OBJECTIVE The Danish study "Data-driven and Systems Approach to Health Promotion Among Vocational Students" (Data Health) aims to develop, implement, and evaluate a systems approach to support vocational schools, municipalities, and local communities in implementing locally relevant health promotion actions among and for vocational students. This paper describes the Data Health program and how implementation and preliminary effectiveness will be evaluated. METHODS The Data Health program offers an iterative 5-step process to develop changes in the systems that shape health behavior and well-being among vocational students. The program will be implemented and evaluated in 8 Danish vocational schools in 4 municipalities. The implementation of the process and actions will be explored using a systems-based evaluation design that assesses contextual differences and the mechanisms through which the program leads to changes in the systems. Preliminary effectiveness at the individual level (students' self-reported health behavior and well-being) and organizational level (school organizational readiness reported by school staff) will be assessed using a quasi-experimental design, and cross-sectional data will be collected at all 8 schools simultaneously 4 times during the 2-year study period. RESULTS This study was launched in 2021, and data collection is expected to be completed in June 2024. The first results are expected to be submitted for publication in January 2024. CONCLUSIONS We expect that the Data Health study will make significant contributions to complex intervention research by contributing to the paucity of research studies that have used systems approaches in school settings. The study will also provide evidence of successful elements for systems change and effectiveness to determine whether a national scale-up can be recommended. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05308459; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05308459. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/52571.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Heinze
- Department of Prevention, Health Promotion and Community Care, Copenhagen University Hospital - Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rikke Dalgaard Hartmeyer
- Department of Prevention, Health Promotion and Community Care, Copenhagen University Hospital - Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Anne Sidenius
- Department of Prevention, Health Promotion and Community Care, Copenhagen University Hospital - Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Lene Winther Ringgaard
- Department of Prevention, Health Promotion and Community Care, Copenhagen University Hospital - Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | | | | | - Steven Allender
- Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Adrian Bauman
- Department of Prevention, Health Promotion and Community Care, Copenhagen University Hospital - Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
- School of Public Health, Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Charlotte Demant Klinker
- Department of Prevention, Health Promotion and Community Care, Copenhagen University Hospital - Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
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An Y, Dai H, Duan Y, Cheng L, Shi L, He C, Wang C, Lv Y, Li H, Zhang H, Huang Y, Fu W, Sun W, Zhao B. The relationship between gut microbiota and susceptibility to type 2 diabetes mellitus in rats. Chin Med 2023; 18:49. [PMID: 37147692 PMCID: PMC10161507 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00717-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the susceptibility to type 2 diabetes and gut microbiota in rats and to explore the potential mechanism involved. METHODS Thirty-two SPF-grade SD rats were raised as donor rats, and divided into control, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM, fasting blood glucose ≥ 11.1 mmol/L), and Non-T2DM (fasting blood glucose < 11.1 mmol/L) groups. Feces were collected and prepared as fecal bacteria supernatants Diab (fecal bacteria supernatant of T2DM group rats), Non (fecal bacteria supernatant of Non-T2DM group rats), and Con (fecal bacteria supernatant of control group rats). Another seventy-nine SPF-grade SD rats were separated into normal saline (NS) and antibiotics (ABX) groups and given normal saline and antibiotics solutions, respectively. In addition, the ABX group rats were randomly separated into ABX-ord (fed with a 4-week ordinary diet), ABX-fat (fed with a 4-week high-fat diet and STZ ip), FMT-Diab (with transplanted fecal bacteria supernatant Diab and fed with a 4-week high-fat diet and STZ ip), FMT-Non (with transplanted fecal bacteria supernatant Non and fed with a 4-week high-fat diet and STZ ip), and FMT-Con (with transplanted fecal bacteria supernatant Con and fed with a 4-week high-fat diet and STZ ip) groups. Furthermore, the NS group was randomly divided into NS-ord (fed with a 4-week ordinary diet) and NS-fat (fed with a 4-week high-fat diet and STZ ip) groups. After this, the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the feces were detected using gas chromatography, and the gut microbiota were detected using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Finally, G protein-coupled receptor 41 (GPR41) and GPR43 were detected by western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS G__Ruminococcus_gnavus_group were more abundant in the FMT-Diab group compared to the ABX-fat and FMT-Non groups. The levels of blood glucose, serum insulin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were also higher in the FMT-Diab group compared to those of the ABX-fat group. Compared to the ABX-fat group, both the FMT-Diab and FMT-Non groups had higher contents of acetic and butyric acid, and the expression of GPR41/43 were significantly higher as well. CONCLUSIONS G__Ruminococcus_gnavus_group might make rats more susceptible to T2DM; T2DM-susceptible flora transplantation increased the susceptibility to T2DM in rats. Additionally, gut microbiota-SCFAs-GPR41/43 may play a role in the development of T2DM. Lowering blood glucose by regulating gut microbiota may therefore become a new strategy for the treatment of T2DM in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongcheng An
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Hongyu Dai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yuhui Duan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Long Cheng
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Lu Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Changhao He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Chen Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yinglan Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Huimin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Huilin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yan Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Wanxin Fu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Weiguang Sun
- Guangzhou Baiyunshan Xingqun Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Guangzhou, 510288, China.
| | - Baosheng Zhao
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Munir M, Zakaria ZA, Alhajj R, Mohamad MB, Baig AA, Arshed N. Global human obesity and political globalization; asymmetric relationship through world human development levels. Nutr Health 2022:2601060221125146. [PMID: 36113142 DOI: 10.1177/02601060221125146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Purpose - Political globalization is a crucial and distinct component of strengthening global organizations. Obesity is a global epidemic in a few nations, and it is on the verge of becoming a pandemic that would bring plenty of diseases. This research aims to see how the political globalization index affects worldwide human obesity concerning global human development levels. Methods- To assess any cross-sectional dependence among observed 109 nations, the yearly period from 1990 to 2017 is analyzed using second generation panel data methods. KAO panel cointegration test and Fully Modified Least Square model were used to meet our objectives. Finding- Low level of political globalization tends to increase global human obesity because countries cannot sway international decisions and resources towards them. While the high level of political globalization tends to reduce obesity because it can control and amends international decisions. For the regression model, a fully modified Least Square model was utilized. The study observed that the R squared values for all models are healthy, with a minimum of 87 percent variables explaining differences in global obesity at the country level. Originality: There is very important to tackle the globalization issue to reduce global human obesity. With the simplicity of dietary options and the amount of physical labour they undergo in their agricultural duties, an increase in rural population percentage tends to lower the average national obesity value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubbasher Munir
- Faculty of Informatics and Computing, 65246Universiti of Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Zahrahtul Amani Zakaria
- Faculty of Informatics and Computing, 65246Universiti of Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Reda Alhajj
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, 218502Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Computer Science, 2129University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Health Informatics, 6174University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mumtazimah Binti Mohamad
- Faculty of Informatics and Computing, 65246Universiti of Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Atif Amin Baig
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti of Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Noman Arshed
- Department of Economics, 66917Division of Management and Administrative Science, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
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An Y, Duan Y, Dai H, Wang C, Shi L, He C, Lv Y, Li H, Dai S, Zhao B. Correlation analysis of intestinal flora and pathological process of type 2 diabetes mellitus. JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcms.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Social factors tend to decline age-standardized all-cause mortality rates in China during 2005-2015: evidence from an ecological study. Public Health 2021; 196:158-164. [PMID: 34224976 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2021.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES It is important to understand the factors that can substantially decrease mortality rates, as multiple strategies have been implemented to improve economic development and national health in China. We aimed to describe the geographic variations and changes in the all-cause mortality rates in 2005-2015 and to investigate the social factors that tend to decline age-standardized all-cause mortality rates. STUDY DESIGN Ecological study. METHODS The data used came from China's National Census Survey in 2005, 2010 and 2015 and China National Statistical Yearbooks. We conducted provincial-level thematic mapping of age-standardized all-cause mortality rate trajectory groups in 2005-2015 by using ArcGIS. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) models were used to clarify the social factors that may have long-term relevance to declining age-standardized all-cause mortality rates. We compared the characteristics of the three provinces with the lowest mortality rates and the three provinces with the highest mortality rates to further understand the health disparities. RESULTS The age-standardized mortality rates declined from 2000 to 2006 and from 2008 to 2019. Provinces in the low-trajectory tended to be located in the Northeast and Southeast China. The GEE results revealed that the greater the proportion of the population with senior high school education or above, the more families with flushing or pumping toilets that are not shared with other households, the more nurses per 1000 people and a stable economic growth rate were inclined to low age-standardized all-cause mortality rates (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Health disparities between different regions were still in existence even in 2015. Thus, it is critical to improve equality in economic and educational development, the distribution of healthcare professionals, and sanitation facilities, to ensure the equality of opportunities in terms of healthy lives and well-being for all. Furthermore, for developing countries, the improvement of national health urgently needs to prevent the health risks relevant to rapid industrialization and urbanization.
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Tierney AC, Rumble CE, Billings LM, George ES. Effect of Dietary and Supplemental Lycopene on Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:1453-1488. [PMID: 32652029 PMCID: PMC7666898 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death globally and the presence of ≥1 cardiovascular risk factors elevates total risk. Lycopene, a carotenoid with high antioxidant capacity, may be protective. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analyses is to determine the efficacy of consuming dietary and/or supplemental lycopene on cardiovascular risk factors. Using the PRISMA guidelines, 4 databases were systematically searched from inception: Medline, Cinahl, Proquest, and Scopus. Intervention trials assessing dietary or supplemental lycopene on CVD outcomes were included. The Cochrane Risk-of-Bias tool was used to assess the quality of the included papers. Pooled analysis was conducted using outcomes with available data. Forty-three studies were included. Lycopene interventions were highly variable (supplement with or without food, based as tomato juice/paste/raw product, or combined with olive oil), the dose ranged from 1.44 to 75 mg lycopene/d and was not reported in 11 of 43 included studies. Studies reported conflicting findings for the effect of lycopene on cardiovascular risk factors, This was supported by meta-analyses where there were no significant differences between lycopene intervention and control groups for blood pressure and lipids (total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides). This was observed for overall groups and in subgroup analyses for individuals with elevated risk factor concentrations at baseline. Lycopene interventions for cardiovascular risk factors were highly variable across studies in both the dosage provided and the mode of delivery (supplement or food based). As such, there are conflicting findings regarding the efficacy of lycopene to improve cardiovascular risk factors. This systematic review was registered with PROSPERO as CRD42018112174.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey C Tierney
- School of Allied Health and Health Implementation Science and Technology Group, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chloe E Rumble
- School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lauren M Billings
- School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elena S George
- School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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Wafa HA, Wolfe CDA, Emmett E, Roth GA, Johnson CO, Wang Y. Burden of Stroke in Europe: Thirty-Year Projections of Incidence, Prevalence, Deaths, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years. Stroke 2020; 51:2418-2427. [PMID: 32646325 PMCID: PMC7382540 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.029606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Prediction of stroke impact provides essential information for healthcare planning and priority setting. We aim to estimate 30-year projections of stroke epidemiology in the European Union using multiple modeling approaches. METHODS Data on stroke incidence, prevalence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life years in the European Union between 1990 and 2017 were obtained from the global burden of disease study. Their trends over time were modeled using 3 modeling strategies: linear, Poisson, and exponential regressions-adjusted for the gross domestic product per capita, which reflects the impact of economic development on health status. We used the Akaike information criterion for model selection. The 30-year projections up to 2047 were estimated using the best fitting models, with inputs on population projections from the United Nations and gross domestic product per capita prospects from the World Bank. The technique was applied separately by age-sex-country groups for each stroke measure. RESULTS In 2017, there were 1.12 million incident strokes in the European Union, 9.53 million stroke survivors, 0.46 million deaths, and 7.06 million disability-adjusted life years lost because of stroke. By 2047, we estimated an additional 40 000 incident strokes (+3%) and 2.58 million prevalent cases (+27%). Conversely, 80 000 fewer deaths (-17%) and 2.31 million fewer disability-adjusted life years lost (-33%) are projected. The largest increase in the age-adjusted incidence and prevalence rates are expected in Lithuania (average annual percentage change, 0.48% and 0.7% respectively), and the greatest reductions in Portugal (-1.57% and -1.3%). Average annual percentage change in mortality rates will range from -2.86% (Estonia) to -0.08% (Lithuania), and disability-adjusted life years' from -2.77% (Estonia) to -0.23% (Romania). CONCLUSIONS The number of people living with stroke is estimated to increase by 27% between 2017 and 2047 in the European Union, mainly because of population ageing and improved survival rates. Variations are expected to persist between countries showing opportunities for improvements in prevention and case management particularly in Eastern Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatem A Wafa
- School of Population Health and Environmental Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom (H.A.W., C.D.A.W., E.E., Y.W.).,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, United Kingdom (H.A.W., C.D.A.W., Y.W.).,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) South London, United Kingdom (H.A.W., C.D.A.W., Y.W.)
| | - Charles D A Wolfe
- School of Population Health and Environmental Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom (H.A.W., C.D.A.W., E.E., Y.W.).,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, United Kingdom (H.A.W., C.D.A.W., Y.W.).,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) South London, United Kingdom (H.A.W., C.D.A.W., Y.W.)
| | - Eva Emmett
- School of Population Health and Environmental Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom (H.A.W., C.D.A.W., E.E., Y.W.)
| | - Gregory A Roth
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (G.A.R.).,Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME), University of Washington, Seattle (G.A.R., C.O.J.)
| | - Catherine O Johnson
- Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME), University of Washington, Seattle (G.A.R., C.O.J.)
| | - Yanzhong Wang
- School of Population Health and Environmental Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom (H.A.W., C.D.A.W., E.E., Y.W.).,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, United Kingdom (H.A.W., C.D.A.W., Y.W.).,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) South London, United Kingdom (H.A.W., C.D.A.W., Y.W.)
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From End Treatment to Source Prevention: Socio-Ecological Approaches to Promote Research on the Environment and Non-Communicable Chronic Diseases with Special Reference to China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16111900. [PMID: 31146383 PMCID: PMC6603779 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16111900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Globally, the pandemic of non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs) has become a critical public health problem. Although NCD prevention has been shifting from individual behavioral interventions to broad environmental interventions, it is still necessary to promote research on the environment and NCDs as a whole. Therefore, this conceptual paper aimed to develop a general and novel framework to advance this line of research. The framework uses socio-ecological approaches that emphasize source prevention rather than the end treatment. Specifically, this framework comprehensively covered integrative research approaches, prioritized areas, urgent efforts, innovative methodologies, and improved funding. The framework used China as a typical context, where its public health policies, similar to other nations, still focus on the end treatment of NCDs, placing emphasis on biomedical approaches and technologies. China’s relevant efforts may furnish new insights and approaches concerning NCD prevention, and these efforts may benefit the improvement of global health and well-being. Such social-ecological research efforts can help to accelerate a shift from existing individual interventions to environmental interventions, thereby ultimately achieving the effective source prevention of NCDs in China and around the globe.
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Hauger AV, Bergland A, Holvik K, Ståhle A, Emaus N, Strand BH. Osteoporosis and osteopenia in the distal forearm predict all-cause mortality independent of grip strength: 22-year follow-up in the population-based Tromsø Study. Osteoporos Int 2018; 29:2447-2456. [PMID: 30094609 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-018-4653-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Low bone mineral density (BMD) gives an increased risk of fractures, which can lead to premature death. Can BMD of the wrist predict mortality? BMD consistent with osteopenia and osteoporosis gave a significantly increased risk of death for both men and women in a general population in Tromsø, Norway. INTRODUCTION To investigate if bone mineral density (BMD) levels of the distal forearm, consistent with osteopenia and osteoporosis, can predict mortality and if grip strength is an effect modifier. METHODS The study population constituted 6565 participants aged 50-79 years at baseline in the Tromsø Study wave 4 conducted in 1994-1995. Forearm BMD measured by SXA was categorized as "normal," "osteopenia," or "osteoporosis" following WHO's definition. Cox regression with all-cause mortality as the outcome over 22 years of follow-up was performed for men and women separately, adjusting for health-related factors, as well as BMD by grip strength interaction. A secondary analysis with a 15-year follow-up also adjusted for hip fractures and osteoporotic fractures. RESULTS During follow-up, 3176 of participants died (47%). Those categorized as osteoporotic had higher mortality hazard ratio (HR) compared to those with normal BMD; men HR = 1.37 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.19, 1.58) and women HR = 1.32 (1.14, 1.53) were adjusted for age, body mass index, physical activity, smoking habits, education, health status, chronic diseases, and grip strength. Corresponding HRs for osteopenia were men HR = 1.13 (1.00, 1.27) and women HR = 1.17 (1.01, 1.35). Further adjustments for fractures did only marginally attenuate the results, and HRs were still significant. There was no grip strength by BMD interaction. CONCLUSION Men and women with low distal forearm BMD values, consistent with osteoporosis or osteopenia, had an increased mortality compared to normal BMD participants. High grip strength did not modify this association, and the association remained after adjustment for a range of health-related factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Hauger
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, OsloMet - storbyuniversitetet Postboks 4 St. Olavs plass, 0130, Oslo, Norway.
| | - A Bergland
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, OsloMet - storbyuniversitetet Postboks 4 St. Olavs plass, 0130, Oslo, Norway
| | - K Holvik
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Marcus Thranes gate 6, 0473, Oslo, Norway
| | - A Ståhle
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels Allé 23, 14183, Huddinge, Sweden
- Function Area Occupational Therapy & Physiotherapy, Allied Health Professionals Function, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - N Emaus
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - B H Strand
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Marcus Thranes gate 6, 0473, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Aging and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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11
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Pswarayi H, Dankwah E, Kaur M, Okon I, Yaghoubi M, Qarmout T, Steeves M, Farag M. Provincial health expenditure and cardiovascular disease mortality, a panel data study of Canadian provinces. Int J Health Plann Manage 2018; 33:1071-1081. [DOI: 10.1002/hpm.2582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Manpreet Kaur
- School of Public HealthUniversity of Saskatchewan Canada
| | - Imaeyen Okon
- School of Public HealthUniversity of Saskatchewan Canada
| | | | - Tamer Qarmout
- School of Public Administration and Development EconomicsDoha Institute for Graduate Studies Qatar
| | - Megan Steeves
- School of Public HealthUniversity of Saskatchewan Canada
| | - Marwa Farag
- School of Public HealthUniversity of Saskatchewan Canada
- School of Public Administration and Development EconomicsDoha Institute for Graduate Studies Qatar
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12
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Al Asoom LI. Assessment of plasma level of 25(OH)D and its correlation with cardiorespiratory fitness in young females of Dammam City, KSA. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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13
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Zhao Z, Liu X, Xing X, Lu Y, Sun Y, Ou X, Su X, Jiang J, Yang Y, Chen J, Shen B, He Y. The Activation Effects of Low Level Isopropyl Alcohol Exposure on Arterial Blood Pressures Are Associated with Decreased 5-Hydroxyindole Acetic Acid in Urine. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162762. [PMID: 27622502 PMCID: PMC5021351 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purposes The objectives of this paper are to study the impact of low level isopropyl alcohol exposure on blood pressure and to explore its potential mechanism. Methods This cross-sectional study was based on a prospective occupational cohort in south China, which focusing on occupational risk factors related cardiovascular health problems. A total of 283 participants (200 low isopropyl alcohol exposed workers and 83 controls) was finally enrolled in this study. Linear regression models were used to analyze the relationship between arterial blood pressures and low level isopropyl alcohol exposure. We used mediation method to explore possible mediated roles of neurogenic factors. Results Systolic blood pressure (SBP, 123±10 vs. 118±11), diastolic blood pressure (DBP, 79±7 vs. 74±7) and mean blood pressure (MBP, 93±8 vs. 89±9) were different between the exposed group and the control group (p < 0.01). After adjusting for covariates, the difference was still significant. Besides, isopropyl alcohol and smoking had an interactive effect on DBP and MBP (p < 0.05). Furthermore, we observed a mediated effect of 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA) on isopropyl alcohol exposure induced arterial blood pressure increase, which accounted for about 25%. Conclusions Our results suggest that low level isopropyl alcohol exposure is a potential risk factor for the increased arterial blood pressure and 5-HIAA partly mediates the association between low level isopropyl alcohol exposure and arterial blood pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Zhao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Risk Assessment, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinxia Liu
- Prevention and Control Center for Occupational Diseases, Zhongshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiumei Xing
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Risk Assessment, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Risk Assessment, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Risk Assessment, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ou
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Risk Assessment, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaolin Su
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Risk Assessment, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Risk Assessment, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yarui Yang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Risk Assessment, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingli Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Risk Assessment, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Biling Shen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Risk Assessment, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yun He
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Risk Assessment, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail:
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14
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Engelmann J, Manuwald U, Rubach C, Kugler J, Birkenfeld AL, Hanefeld M, Rothe U. Determinants of mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes: a review. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2016; 17:129-37. [PMID: 27068710 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-016-9349-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We aimed to review and summarize the evidence from accomplished trials analyzing factors influencing mortality in patients with T2DM and to provide some recommendations for targets and treatment in the European region. The following databases were searched for relevant trials: PubMed and the Cochrane Library. Of 3.806 citations, 134 trials met our inclusion criteria. RESULTS The reduction in lifetime for 65 + -years-old patients having less than 10 years T2DM amounts to 1.8 years. Having T2DM for more than 10 years lifetime will be reduced by 2.7 years. However, the lifetime shortening factor of T2DM will even be stronger for 40 + -years-old patients at onset. Males will lose 11.6 years of life and 18.6 QUALYs. T2DM among females will reduce life by 14 QUALYs by 22 years. From a statistical point of view, the highest mortality rate will occur in an over 55-years-old European smoking and non-compliant diabetic woman with alcohol abuse living in a rural area with a low level of education and a low socio-economic status. Furthermore, other co-morbidities such as cardiovascular diseases, gout, and depression affect mortality. Additionally, mortality will increase with a BMI over 35 and also with a BMI under 20-25. This refers to the obesity paradox indicating a higher mortality rate among normal weight patients with T2DM compared to overweight patients with T2DM. HbA1c-levels between 6.5 % and 7 % are associated with the lowest impact on mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Engelmann
- Health Sciences/Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, TUD, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulf Manuwald
- Health Sciences/Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, TUD, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Constanze Rubach
- Health Sciences/Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, TUD, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Joachim Kugler
- Health Sciences/Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, TUD, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas L Birkenfeld
- Medical Clinic III, University Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, TUD, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
- Study Center Prof. Hanefeld, Research for Metabolic Vascular Syndrome, GWT-TUD GmbH, Fiedlerstraße 34, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Markolf Hanefeld
- Study Center Prof. Hanefeld, Research for Metabolic Vascular Syndrome, GWT-TUD GmbH, Fiedlerstraße 34, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulrike Rothe
- Health Sciences/Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, TUD, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany.
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