1
|
Wang Y, Arshed N, Ghulam Shabeer M, Munir M, Rehman HU, Khan YA. Does globalization and ecological footprint in OECD lead to national happiness. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288630. [PMID: 37874811 PMCID: PMC10597492 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examines the relationship between globalization, ecological footprint, innovation, and subjective wellbeing in the form of happiness, using a comprehensive assessment of OECD countries from 2008 to 2020. The study employs FGLS, Quantile, and Bootstrap Quantile regression estimation to investigate the quadratic effects of globalization, ecological footprint, and the moderating effect of innovation while controlling for renewable energy and population density. Happiness is a multidisciplinary subject, and this study focuses on the economic dimensions of happiness. The findings reveal a nonlinear relationship between ecological footprint and globalization, with negative effects on subjective wellbeing at high levels of ecological footprint and globalization. However, the moderating effect of innovation mitigates these adverse effects, indicating that innovation can help to offset the detrimental impacts of ecological footprint and globalization on subjective wellbeing. The study's implications are significant for policymakers promoting sustainable economic growth while enhancing subjective wellbeing. The findings highlight the importance of investing in innovation and sustainable development to promote subjective wellbeing in the face of increasing ecological footprint and globalization. Additionally, this research contributes to the multidisciplinary understanding of happiness and provides valuable insights for future research in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yueying Wang
- School of Business, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Noman Arshed
- Department of Economics, Division of Management and Administrative Science, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ghulam Shabeer
- Department of Economics and Statistics, Dr Hasan Murad School of Management, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mubbasher Munir
- Department of Economics and Statistics, Dr Hasan Murad School of Management, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hafeez ur Rehman
- Department of Economics and Statistics, Dr Hasan Murad School of Management, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Yousaf Ali Khan
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Munir M, Zakaria ZA, Nisar H, Ahmed Z, Korma SA, Esatbeyoglu T. Global human obesity and global social index: Relationship and clustering. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1150403. [PMID: 37063335 PMCID: PMC10092351 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1150403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionObesity, a complex, multifactorial disease, is considered a global disease burden widely affecting the quality of life across different populations. Factors involved in obesity involve genetics, behavior and socioeconomic and environmental origins, each contributing to the risk of debilitating morbidity and mortality. However, the trends across the world vary due to various globalization parameters.MethodsThis article tends to identify the global social indicators, compiled into a global index, and develop a correlation between the global social index created by using the human development index, social and political globalization, the global happiness index, and the quality of infrastructure, institutions, and individuals using the internet factors and its effect on global obesity.Results and DiscussionOur results identified a positive correlation between medium human development levels with obesity compared to low and very high human development levels. Economic stability due to rapid industrialization has increased the buying capacity and changed the global food system, which seems to be the major driver of the rise of global obesity.ConclusionThe results decipher that global social indicators and overall social index have positively affected global obesity, which will help policymakers and governmental organizations monitor the obesity patterns across their regions by a significant contribution from globally influenced social factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mubbasher Munir
- Faculty of Informatics and Computing, University of Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia
- Department of Economics and Statistics, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Mubbasher Munir,
| | - Zahrahtul Amani Zakaria
- Faculty of Informatics and Computing, University of Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Haseeb Nisar
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zahoor Ahmed
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sameh A. Korma
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tuba Esatbeyoglu
- Department of Food Development and Food Quality, Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Tuba Esatbeyoglu,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Vattappilly Siddique H, Munir M, Ande P, Rayadurgam S, Richardson M. WCN23-0885 EVAULATION OF CROCKCROFT-GAULT TO CALCULATE GFR. Kidney Int Rep 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2023.02.499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
|
4
|
Khan ZI, Liu W, Mubeen I, Alrefaei AF, Alharbi SN, Muhammad FG, Ejaz A, Ahmad K, Nadeem M, Shoukat J, Ashfaq A, Mahpara S, Siddique K, Ashraf MA, Memona H, Batool AI, Munir M, Malik IS, Noorka IR, Ugulu I. Cobalt availability in the soil plant and animal food chain: a study under a peri-urban environment. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 83:e270256. [PMID: 37018800 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.270256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cobalt metal is considered as an essential trace element for the animals. Present investigation was undertaken in the peri-urban area to analyze the cobalt availability in animal food chain by using different indices. Cow, buffalo and sheep samples along with forage and soil samples were collected from the three different sites of District Jhang and analyzed through atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Cobalt values differed in soil samples as 0.315-0.535 mg/kg, forages as 0.127-0.333 mg/kg and animal samples as 0.364-0.504 mg/kg. Analyzed cobalt concentration in soil, forage and animal samples was found to be deficient in concentration with respect to standard limits. Soil showed the minimum cobalt level in Z. mays while maximum concentration was examined in the forage C. decidua samples. All indices examined in this study has values lesser than 1, representing the safer limits of the cobalt concentration in these samples. Enrichment factor (0.071-0.161 mg/kg) showed the highly deficient amount of cobalt enrichment in this area. Bio-concentration factor (0.392-0.883) and pollution load index (0.035-0.059 mg/kg) values were also lesser than 1 explains that plant and soil samples are not contaminated with cobalt metal. The daily intake and health risk index ranged from 0.00019-0.00064 mg/kg/day and 0.0044-0.0150 mg/kg/day respectively. Among the animals, cobalt availability was maximum (0.0150 mg/kg/day) in the buffaloes that grazed on the C. decidua fodder. Results of this study concluded that cobalt containing fertilizers must be applied on the soil and forages. Animal feed derived from the cobalt containing supplements are supplied to the animals, to fulfill the nutritional requirements of livestock.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z I Khan
- University of Sargodha, Department of Botany, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - W Liu
- Fuyang Normal University, Department of Biological Sciences, Fuyang, Anhui, China
| | - I Mubeen
- Zhejiang University, Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Hangzhou, China
| | - A F Alrefaei
- King Saud University, College of Science, Department of Zoology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - S N Alharbi
- Imperial College London, Department of Surgery and Cancer, London, United Kingdom
| | - F G Muhammad
- University of Sargodha, Department of Botany, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - A Ejaz
- University of Sargodha, Department of Botany, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - K Ahmad
- University of Sargodha, Department of Botany, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - M Nadeem
- University of Sargodha, Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - J Shoukat
- University of Sargodha, Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - A Ashfaq
- University of Sargodha, Department of Botany, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - S Mahpara
- University of Sargodha, Department of Botany, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - K Siddique
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - M A Ashraf
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - H Memona
- Queen Mary College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - A I Batool
- University of Sargodha, Department of Zoology, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - M Munir
- University of Sargodha, Department of Botany, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - I S Malik
- University of Sargodha, Department of Botany, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - I R Noorka
- University of Sargodha, College of Agriculture, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - I Ugulu
- Usak University, Faculty of Education, Usak, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sardar MS, Asghar N, Munir M, Alhajj R, Rehman HU. Moderation of Services' EKC through Transportation Competitiveness: PQR Model in Global Prospective. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 20:293. [PMID: 36612615 PMCID: PMC9819055 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The continuously increasing GHG emissions have created environmental pollution and several challenges to ecosystems and biodiversity. The challenges of climate change are multipronged, resulting in melting glaciers, flash floods, and severe heat waves. In this regard, the adaptive and mitigation strategies to manage the consequences of climate change are highly important. The transport sector creates a quarter of carbon emissions, and this share is continuously increasing. Accordingly, this research study uses transport competitiveness to determine carbon emissions of the transport sector for 121 countries covering the time period from 2008 to 2018. The Panel Quantile Regression (PQR) technique is engaged to analyze the study results. The findings highlight that transport competitiveness tends to increase carbon emissions of the transport sector across quantile groups 1 and 3, while it reduces carbon emissions in quantile group 2. The U-shaped services' EKC is validated in quantile groups 2 and 4. The moderation engaged, i.e., transportation competitiveness, changes the turning point of the services' EKC across quantile groups 2 and 4. However, in the high-CO2 quantile group, the moderation impact of transport competitiveness is strongest as it reduces the sensitivity by flattening the services' EKC. Furthermore, the planned expansion of the population and improved institutional quality tend to mitigate carbon emissions across different quantile groups. The policy relevance/implications that are based on the study results/findings are made part of the research paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahzad Sardar
- Department of Economics and Statistics, University of Management and Technology, Lahore 54770, Pakistan
| | - Nabila Asghar
- Department of Economics, Division of Management and Administrative Science, University of Education Lahore, Lahore 54770, Pakistan
| | - Mubbasher Munir
- Department of Economics and Statistics, University of Management and Technology, Lahore 54770, Pakistan
| | - Reda Alhajj
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34810, Turkey
- Department of Computer Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Department of Health Informatics, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Hafeez ur Rehman
- Department of Economics and Statistics, University of Management and Technology, Lahore 54770, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang S, Khan SA, Munir M, Alhajj R, Khan YA. Entropy-based financial asset pricing: Evidence from Pakistan. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278236. [PMID: 36548250 PMCID: PMC9778568 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Entropy is an alternative measure to calculate the risk, simplify the portfolios and equity risk premium. It has higher explanatory power than capital asset price model (CAPM) beta. The comparison of Entropy and CAPM beta provide in depth analysis about the explanatory power of the model that in turn help investor to make right investment decisions that minimizes risk. In this context, this study aims to compare Shannon and Rennyi Entropies with the CAPM beta for measuring the risk. Ordinary Least square approach has been utilized using a dataset of 67 enterprises registered in Pakistan Stock exchange. The comparative analysis of CAPM beta and entropy has been carried out with the R2 parameters. The result indicates that entropy has more explanatory power as compare to CAPM beta's explanatory power, and this turns out to be the best option to evaluate the risk performances. The result implies that an investor should make the best investment decision by choosing an enterprise that provide with good returns at minimum risk based on entropy technique.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Wang
- School of Business and Economics, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- * E-mail: (SW); (YAK)
| | - Sher Ali Khan
- School of Management Science, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mubbasher Munir
- Department of Economics and Statistics, HSM, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Reda Alhajj
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Computer Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Health Informatics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Yousaf Ali Khan
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
- * E-mail: (SW); (YAK)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Munir M, Zakaria ZA, Baig AA, Mohamad MB, Arshed N, Alhajj R. Global impact on human obesity - A robust non-linear panel data analysis. Nutr Health 2022:2601060221129142. [PMID: 36198038 DOI: 10.1177/02601060221129142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Recent studies in economics showed that humans are bounded rational. This being consumers, they are not perfect judges of what matters for the standard of living. While with a marked increase in economic and social wellbeing, there is a consistent rise in obesity levels, especially in the developed world. Thus, this study intends to explore the empirical and socio-economic antecedents of human obesity across countries using six global indexes. Methods: This study used the data of 40 countries between 1975 to 2018 and used the Panel FGLS Regression with the quadratic specification. Findings: The results showed that health and food indicators increase global human obesity, environment and education indicators decrease global human obesity, and economic and social indicators follow an inverted U-shaped pattern in affecting global human obesity. Originality: Previous studies have used infant mortality and life expectancy as the major health indicator in determining the standard of living while overlooking global human obesity as a major deterrent to welfare. This study has provided a holistic assessment of the causes of obesity in global contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mubbasher Munir
- Faculty of Informatics and Computing, 65246Universiti of Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Zahrahtul Amani Zakaria
- Faculty of Informatics and Computing, 65246Universiti of Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Atif Amin Baig
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 65246Universiti of Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Mumtazimah Binti Mohamad
- Faculty of Informatics and Computing, 65246Universiti of Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Noman Arshed
- Department of Economics, 66917University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Reda Alhajj
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Computer Science, 2129University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Department of Health Informatics, 6174University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Salameh AA, Amin S, Danish MH, Asghar N, Naveed RT, Munir M. Socio-economic determinants of subjective wellbeing toward Sustainable Development Goals: An insight from a developing country. Front Psychol 2022; 13:961400. [PMID: 36186294 PMCID: PMC9515650 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.961400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the goals of happiness research is to identify the key factors that influence it. Therefore, the present research is designed to examine the determining factors of subjective wellbeing (SWB) in Pakistan. The present research is conducted by collecting the data of 1,566 households in Punjab, Pakistan, using the ordered logit and tobit model. The findings of this research confirm that income, education, government effectiveness, no perceived corruption, and perceived institutional quality improve wellbeing, while lower trust in family and friends, poor health status, living on rent, and dissatisfaction with the services of hospitals lower the level of wellbeing. But individuals with more social ties, who face barriers in health services, live more happily satisfied with their lives. Crime victimization and worrisome terrorism also lower the level of SWB. Findings of research strongly emphasize policymakers and government institutions to improve their quality and take essential measures for improving the governance structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anas A. Salameh
- Department of Management Information Systems, College of Business Administration, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajid Amin
- Punjab Economic Research Institute, Planning and Development Department, Government of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hassan Danish
- School of Commerce and Accountancy, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nabila Asghar
- Division of Management and Administrative Science, Department of Economics, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rana Tahir Naveed
- Division of Management and Administrative Sciences, University of Education (UE) Business School, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mubbasher Munir
- Department of Economics and Statistics, Dr. Hasan Murad School of Management, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Mubbasher Munir,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Munir M, Zakaria ZA, Alhajj R, Mohamad MB, Baig AA, Arshed N. Global human obesity and political globalization; asymmetric relationship through world human development levels. Nutr Health 2022:2601060221125146. [PMID: 36113142 DOI: 10.1177/02601060221125146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Purpose - Political globalization is a crucial and distinct component of strengthening global organizations. Obesity is a global epidemic in a few nations, and it is on the verge of becoming a pandemic that would bring plenty of diseases. This research aims to see how the political globalization index affects worldwide human obesity concerning global human development levels. Methods- To assess any cross-sectional dependence among observed 109 nations, the yearly period from 1990 to 2017 is analyzed using second generation panel data methods. KAO panel cointegration test and Fully Modified Least Square model were used to meet our objectives. Finding- Low level of political globalization tends to increase global human obesity because countries cannot sway international decisions and resources towards them. While the high level of political globalization tends to reduce obesity because it can control and amends international decisions. For the regression model, a fully modified Least Square model was utilized. The study observed that the R squared values for all models are healthy, with a minimum of 87 percent variables explaining differences in global obesity at the country level. Originality: There is very important to tackle the globalization issue to reduce global human obesity. With the simplicity of dietary options and the amount of physical labour they undergo in their agricultural duties, an increase in rural population percentage tends to lower the average national obesity value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mubbasher Munir
- Faculty of Informatics and Computing, 65246Universiti of Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Zahrahtul Amani Zakaria
- Faculty of Informatics and Computing, 65246Universiti of Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Reda Alhajj
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, 218502Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Computer Science, 2129University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Health Informatics, 6174University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mumtazimah Binti Mohamad
- Faculty of Informatics and Computing, 65246Universiti of Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Atif Amin Baig
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti of Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Noman Arshed
- Department of Economics, 66917Division of Management and Administrative Science, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abdelfattah OM, Sayed AS, Munir M, Shazly O, Awad AK, Ghaith HS, Gerew M, Guha A, Barac A, Fradley MG, Abela GS, Addison D. Effectiveness of empiric cardioprotective therapy in patients receiving cardiotoxic chemotherapies: systematic review & bayesian network meta-analysis. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwac056.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.
Background
Cardioprotective therapies represent an important avenue to reduce these limiting toxicities, including serious heart failure (HF) events. However, due to conflicting isolated reports, the true efficacy and optimal cardioprotective therapy at the time of anticancer treatment initiation is unclear. Therefore, we undertook a network meta-analysis to elucidate the most effective therapies at cardiotoxic HF prevention.
Purpose
To determine the efficacy, and optimal cardioprotective strategy in patients receiving cardiotoxic chemotherapies.
Methods
Leveraging the MEDLINE/Pubmed, CENTRAL, and clinicaltrials.gov databases, we identified all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating cardioprotective therapies from inception to November 2021. Eligible cardioprotective classes included ACEIs, ARBs, Beta-blockers, dexrazoxane (DEX), statins, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRA). The primary endpoint was the prevention of new-onset HF. The secondary outcomes were the mean difference in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) change, the incidence of hypotension, and all-cause mortality. Network meta-analyses were used to assess the cardioprotective effects of each therapy to deduce the most effective therapies. Both analyses were undertaken using a Bayesian random-effects model to estimate risk ratios (RR) and 95% credible intervals (95% CrI).
Results
Overall, from 726 articles, 39 studies evaluating 5,931 participants (38.0±19.1 years, 72.0% females) were identified. Over a median follow-up of 6 months, use of any cardioprotective strategy was associated with a significant reduction in new-onset HF (RR:0.32; 95% CrI:0.19-0.55), improved LVEF (mean difference: 3.92%; 95% CrI:2.81-5.07), and increased hypotension (RR:3.27; 95% CrI:1.38-9.87); there was no difference in mortality (RR:1.03; 95% CrI:0.84-1.22). Based on the median risk of incident HF in the control groups being 3.28%, the number need to treat (NNT) for "any" cardioprotective therapy to prevent one incident HF event was 45 patients. For dexrazoxane and neurohormonal agents, the median NNT was 36 and 53 patients, respectively. In this network analysis, dexrazoxane was most effective at HF prevention [Surface Under the Cumulative Ranking curve (SUCRA): 81.47%] and MRA most effective at preserving LVEF (SUCRA: 99.22%). ARBs most greatly increased hypotension (RR:7.20; 95% CrI:2.46-26.94).
Conclusion
Cardiotoxicity remains a challenge for cancer patients requiring life-saving cancer therapies. The initiation of a cardioprotective strategy reduces incident HF. Additional head-to-head trials are needed to confirm the optimal preventative strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- OM Abdelfattah
- Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, United States of America
| | - AS Sayed
- Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M Munir
- Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - O Shazly
- Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - AK Awad
- Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - HS Ghaith
- Al-Azhar University, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M Gerew
- Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, United States of America
| | - A Guha
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Department of CardioOncology, Cleveland, United States of America
| | - A Barac
- MedStar Heart and Vascular Institute, Cardio-Oncology Program, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - MG Fradley
- University of Pennsylvania, Cardio-Oncology Center of Excellence, Division of Cardiology, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - GS Abela
- Michigan State University, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, East Lansing, United States of America
| | - D Addison
- Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Division of CardioOncology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Columbus, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhao Y, Abbas M, Samma M, Ozkut T, Munir M, Rasool SF. Exploring the Relationship Between Corporate Social Responsibility, Trust, Corporate Reputation, and Brand Equity. Front Psychol 2021; 12:766422. [PMID: 34858294 PMCID: PMC8631389 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.766422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR), corporate reputation (CR), and brand equity (BE). Building on the resource-based theory of the firm, this study proposes a theoretical framework. In this framework, CSR is theorized to strengthen CR and brand equity, directly and indirectly, through consumer trust. We used a questionnaire survey approach. In the questionnaire, 17 items were used with a 5-point Likert-Scale (1 stands for “strongly disagree,” and 5 stands for “strongly agree”). Data were collected from the consumers of the banking sector in the vicinity of Lahore, Pakistan. To estimate the proposed relationships in the conceptual model, we use structural equation modeling (SEM) through Smart PLS 3.2. The outcomes of this study confirm that CSR significantly impacts CR and brand equity. It is also demonstrated that trust mediates positively and significantly in the relationship between CSR, CR, and BE. Results of the present study have several implications for the senior management, marketing expert, administrators, and policymakers. This study expresses how CSR boosts BE and CR. Moreover, this study also indicates that trust is an important factor that enhances BE and CR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- School of Management, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Manzir Abbas
- Department of Business Administration, Institute of Social Sciences, Istanbul Okan University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Madeeha Samma
- School of Management, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tarik Ozkut
- Department of Business Administration, Institute of Social Sciences, Istanbul Okan University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mubbasher Munir
- Department of Economics and Statistics, Dr. Hasan Murad School of Management, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Samma Faiz Rasool
- School of Management, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Munir M, Miraj F, Raza H, Hussain OA, Khan AA, Siddiqi DA, Khan AJ, Habib A, Chandir S. Feasibility of an artificially intelligent vaccines chatbot in Pakistan: A mixed methods evaluation. Eur J Public Health 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckab164.507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Despite free vaccination services, gaps in information access impede immunization uptake in low and middle-income countries (LMICs), including Pakistan. We developed Bablibot (Babybot), a local-language, text-based chatbot to connect caregivers with immunization-related information in real-time, and evaluated its feasibility and acceptability in resolving immunization-related queries among Karachi's low-income communities.
Methods
We developed Bablibot using Natural Language Processing (NLP), Machine Learning, and Human in the Loop features. We conducted a sequential mixed-methods pilot in Karachi where caregivers were recruited when visiting selected immunization centers for any childhood vaccine except Measles 2 (last vaccine visit) or were informed through targeted text messages. We assessed Bablibot's feasibility and acceptability through user-engagement metrics and thematic analysis of qualitative interviews conducted with 20 pilot participants.
Results
Between March 9, 2020 and April 15, 2021, Bablibot accrued 677 users and participated in 874 conversations. Of 2,202 pilot-enrolled caregivers, 210 (10%) interacted with the bot; other 467 users were not pilot participants. Most queries were about due dates (25%; 221/874), delaying vaccination (17%; 146/874), or side-effect management (16%;137/874). The conversations now constitute a valuable training database for future local-language bots. Over 90% (277/307) of responses to text-based exit surveys indicated user satisfaction. Qualitative analysis showed caregivers appreciate Bablibot's convenience, reliability, and responsiveness.
Conclusions
Our results demonstrate the feasibility and acceptability of local-language NLP chatbots in providing immunization information. Text-based chatbots can minimize workload on helpline operators, in addition to quickly resolving queries that otherwise lead to delay or default. Bablibot's conversation data provides learning infrastructure for future health-related bots.
Key messages
An AI-based NLP chatbot is a feasible and acceptable intervention for providing immunization-related information to large number of caregivers 24/7 in limited resource setting. By serving as a remote, low-cost and confidential bi-directional channel, chatbots can address gaps in information access, especially for women, and have long term impact on immunization uptake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Munir
- MCH, IRD Global, Singapore, Singapore
| | - F Miraj
- MCH, IRD Pakistan, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - H Raza
- MCH, IRD Pakistan, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - AA Khan
- MCH, IRD Pakistan, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - AJ Khan
- MCH, IRD Global, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - S Chandir
- MCH, IRD Global, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rasim R, Rosmansyah Y, Langi AZ, Munir M. Immersive Intelligent Tutoring System for Remedial Learning Using Virtual Learning Environment. Indonesian J Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.17509/ijost.v6i3.38954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) has been widely used in supporting personal learning. However, there is an aspects that have not become focus in ITS, namely immersive. This research proposes an Immersive Intelligent Tutoring (IIT) model based on Bayesian Knowledge Tracing (BKT) for determining the learner’s characteristics and learning content delivery strategies using genetic algorithms. The model uses remedial learning with a faded worked-out example. This study uses a 3-Dimensional Virtual Learning Environment (3DMUVLE) that implements immersive features to increase intrinsic motivation. This model was built using a client / server architecture. The server side component uses the MOODLE, the client side component uses OpenSim and its viewers, and the middleware component uses the Simulation Linked Object Oriented Dynamic Learning Environment (SLOODLE). Model testing is performed on user acceptance using a combination of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Hedonic-Motivation System Adoption Model (HMSAM) and the impact of the model in learning using statistical test. The results showed 83% of the learners felt happy with the learning. Meanwhile, the evaluation of the impact on learning outcomes shows that the use of this model is significantly different from traditional learning.
Collapse
|
14
|
Wijayasiri P, Than HP, Munir M, Sahota O. 480 INFORMATION OVERKILL: IF THE WALLS ACROSS HOSPITALS WARDS COULD TALK. Age Ageing 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afab116.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The walls across hospital wards are cluttered with posters, which, in some places, are peeling and staining with the years. Hospital management and well intention ward users dictate these displays, however their effectiveness in delivering essential information is rarely measured. We undertook a survey to establish: a) Whether posters are effective, b) What information ward users want, c) How they want information to be delivered.
Methods
100 participants (68 staff and 32 patients’ relatives) were surveyed across three 28 bedded wards for older people. They had to recall as many posters as possible then identify useful posters from a current list. They were asked about unmet information needs, other media that they would utilise and alternative uses for ward walls. Interventions were made on one ward based on initial findings: 1. An ‘Information for Relatives’ board was created, 2. A mural was installed. 20 relatives were asked to complete an anonymous form reviewing the board.
Results
Only 23% of participants were able to recall at least 3 posters. 34% could not find a single useful topic among the current posters. The most popular unmet information needs, among many, were ‘the discharge pathway’, ‘delirium’ and ‘falls’. Most participants said they would engage with alternative information media, suggesting leaflets, email and websites. A quarter felt walls should be for artwork, not posters. The ‘Information for Relatives’ board was well received. In the second survey, new unmet information needs were uncovered and, despite the new mural, 45% called for more paintings still.
Conclusions
Most people do not read the information on the walls on hospital wards. An appetite exists for alternative media. Paintings were earnestly called for at every point; a comforting ward environment should be part of the holistic care we aim to offer, especially for older patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - M Munir
- Nottingham University Hospitals
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Arshed N, Munir M, Iqbal M. Sustainability assessment using STIRPAT approach to environmental quality: an extended panel data analysis. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:18163-18175. [PMID: 33410004 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12044-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The consequence of increasing economic activities is observable in the incidence of environmental deterioration. Many studies have explored the precedents of environment quality. In this regard, the proposed stochastic impacts by regression on population, affluence, and technology (STIRPAT) and environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) analysis are valuable not only for academic analysts, but also for policymakers. This study has focused on 80 selected countries between 1990 and 2017, which confirms the existence of EKC within the STIRPAT framework. The results are estimated with the help of dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS), which controls for the autocorrelation in long periods. According to the estimated results, this study confirms U-shaped EKC based on industrial-, agricultural-, and services-based economic activities. This means that over-reliance on one specific economic activity may harm the environment and create footprint. In this regard, urbanization is responsible for affecting carbon dioxide emissions. Moreover, governance and technology are protecting the environment. This quadratic function had classified the sample countries in terms of the degree of sustainability of their economic activity sectors. This study proposes that countries should work on a balanced composition of economic activity so that the lowest possible environmental deterioration is caused.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noman Arshed
- School of Business and Economics, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Mubbasher Munir
- School of Business and Economics, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Mubasher Iqbal
- School of Business and Economics, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Munir M, Ahmad M, Rehan M, Saeed M, Lam SS, Nizami AS, Waseem A, Sultana S, Zafar M. Production of high quality biodiesel from novel non-edible Raphnus raphanistrum L. seed oil using copper modified montmorillonite clay catalyst. Environ Res 2021; 193:110398. [PMID: 33127396 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on producing high quality and yield of biodiesel from novel non-edible seed oil of abundantly available wild Raphnus raphanistrum L. using an efficient, recyclable and eco-friendly copper modified montmorillonite (MMT) clay catalyst. The maximum biodiesel yield of 83% was obtained by base catalyzed transesterification process under optimum operating conditions of methanol to oil ratio of 15:1, reaction temperature of 150 °C, reaction time of 5 h and catalyst loading of 3.5%. The synthesized catalyst and biodiesel were characterized for their structural features and chemical compositions using various state-of-the-art techniques, including x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (1H, 13C) and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. The fuel properties of the biodiesel were estimated including kinematic viscosity (4.36 cSt), density (0.8312 kg/L), flash point (72 °C), acid value (0.172 mgKOH/g) and sulphur content (0.0002 wt.%). These properties were compared and found in good agreement with the International Biodiesel Standards of American (ASTM-951, 6751), European Committee (EN-14214) and China GB/T 20828 (2007). The catalyst was re-used in five consecutive transesterification reactions without losing much catalytic efficiency. Overall, non-edible Raphnus raphanistrum L.. seed oil and Cu doped MMT clay catalyst appeared to be highly active, stable, and cheap contenders for future biofuel industry. However, detailed life cycle assessment (LCA) studies of Raphnus raphanistrum L. seed oil biodiesel are highly recommended to assess the technical, ecological, social and economic challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Munir
- Biodiesel Lab, Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M Ahmad
- Biodiesel Lab, Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan; Pakistan Academy of Sciences, Pakistan.
| | - M Rehan
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies (CEES), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - M Saeed
- Analytical Lab, Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Pyrolysis Technology Research Group, Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (Akuatrop), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - A S Nizami
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - A Waseem
- Pakistan Academy of Sciences, Pakistan
| | - S Sultana
- Biodiesel Lab, Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M Zafar
- Biodiesel Lab, Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Munir M, Khan M, Agrawal P, Benjamin M, Syed M, Farjo P, Patel K, Ghaffar Y, Khan M, Khan S, Balla S. Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation in patients with reduced systolic function: a national perspective. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.0558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Randomized trials have shown improvement in hard clinical end points when catheter ablation (CA) was employed as a management strategy for certain atrial fibrillation (AF) patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). We sought to determine real world data on mortality and complications after utilization of CA in such patients.
Methods and results
Data were derived from National Inpatient Sample from January 2008 to August 2015. Patients were identified using the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes. Baseline characteristics and outcomes were compared among AF and HFrEF patients undergoing CA or not. Propensity matching was done to mitigate selection bias and balance confounding variables. Various CA related complications were assessed. Logistic regression was done to determine predictors of mortality in our study cohort. A total of 2,569,919 patients were enrolled and out of these approximately 7773 patients underwent CA. Mortality was significantly better in CA group in both unmatched (1.2% vs. 4.9%, p<0.01) and propensity matched cohorts (1.2% vs. 3.6%, p<0.01). Overall complication rate was 10.2% in CA cohort and were primarily cardiac and neurological in origin. In regression analysis, CA remains a strong predictor of reduced mortality (OR 0.301, 95% CI 0.184–0.494).
Conclusion
CA is associated with improved mortality in admitted AF patients with concomitant HFrEF. Overall complication rate after CA was modest at 10.2%.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: None
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Munir
- University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States of America
| | - M.Z Khan
- West Virginia Institute Heart and Vascular Institute, Morgantown, United States of America
| | - P Agrawal
- West Virginia Institute Heart and Vascular Institute, Morgantown, United States of America
| | - M.M Benjamin
- West Virginia Institute Heart and Vascular Institute, Morgantown, United States of America
| | - M Syed
- West Virginia Institute Heart and Vascular Institute, Morgantown, United States of America
| | - P Farjo
- West Virginia Institute Heart and Vascular Institute, Morgantown, United States of America
| | - K Patel
- West Virginia Institute Heart and Vascular Institute, Morgantown, United States of America
| | - Y.A Ghaffar
- West Virginia Institute Heart and Vascular Institute, Morgantown, United States of America
| | - M.U Khan
- West Virginia Institute Heart and Vascular Institute, Morgantown, United States of America
| | - S Khan
- West Virginia Institute Heart and Vascular Institute, Morgantown, United States of America
| | - S Balla
- West Virginia Institute Heart and Vascular Institute, Morgantown, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dharma VK, Abdullah S, Khan AJ, Munir M, Siddiqi DA, Shah MT, Habib A, Chandir S. Feasibility of implementing Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses through Mobile Technology. Eur J Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses (IMCI) strategy was launched by WHO and partners in 1995 to reduce child mortality by enhancing frontline health workers' (FHWs) ability to diagnose and manage childhood illnesses, and strengthen overall health systems. However, although IMCI is associated with decreased child mortality, numerous studies have shown its impact has been limited due to persistent barriers to implementation.
Methods
We developed a digitized version of IMCI (eIMCI) using Android technology to overcome implementation problems, including poor protocol compliance, lengthy trainings, paper-based data collection, and gaps in the referral system. The feasibility and efficacy of eIMCI was assessed through a mixed-methods pilot study encompassing baseline and end-line surveys, interviews, and Focus Group Discussions, in a low-resource rural district of Punjab, Pakistan. During the 8 weeks of deployment, a total of 1,978 children were enrolled in the eIMCI application by 10 participating FHWs, and 47 electronic referrals were generated.
Results
Preliminary outcomes showed reduced disease occurrence (for example, diarrhea decreased from 48% at baseline to 29% at endline), increased adherence to IMCI protocol, and strengthened health system linkages (facility referrals increased from 5% at baseline to 45% at endline). FHWs reported enhanced performance, as well as an improved community response to their services.
Discussion
Indicating the feasibility and efficacy of eIMCI deployment in a low-resource setting, evidence from the pilot demonstrates the benefit of digitizing the IMCI protocol. eIMCI is a digital health solution with the potential to significantly reduce child mortality and improve service delivery and performance of FHWs.
Key messages
eIMCI is a feasible solution for the implementation of IMCI strategy in developing countries and demonstrates increased compliance and enhanced performance by the frontline health workers. Implementation of eIMCI can result in a significant reduction in child morbidity and mortality via timely referrals of patients and reduced disease occurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V K Dharma
- Indus Health Network, Karachi, Pakistan
- IRD Pakistan, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - A J Khan
- IRD Global, Singapore, Singapore
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - M Munir
- IRD Pakistan, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | | | - A Habib
- Interactive Health Solutions, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - S Chandir
- IRD Global, Perry Hall, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Munir M, Shouter T, Tay HS. 63 Quality Improvement Project: Should We be Doing More or Less Ct Head Scans in the Health Care of Older People Department? Age Ageing 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afz187.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Older people are likely to have more CT head scans given their multiple co- morbidities, being on anticoagulants, and increased falls. The aims of this quality improvement project (QIP) were to identify the number of patients who had CT head scan, the reason/indication of it, the number of patients who had new finding/s on it, actions taken on new findings, and whether the management plan was altered because of the CT scan.
Methods
Medical notes and CT head scan reports of all patients admitted to the Health Care of Older People department from April to September 2018 were reviewed to evaluate the indications of CT head scans, new findings, and management plans following the findings.
Results
461 (10.7%) out of the 4323 patients discharged from the healthcare of older people department during April to September 2018 had CT head scans during admission. Frequent indications for CT head scans included delirium, falls and head injury. Only 46 (9.9%) patients had new finding/s on the CT head scan, and action was taken on 26 (56.5%) of these patients. The CT head scan changed the management plan of only 17 (3.6%) patients. Please see Table for more details.
Conclusions
By using our clinical judgement, following NICE guidelines on head injuries, educating our colleagues on the criteria for requesting a CT head scan, taking collateral histories about patients’ cognition and ascertaining the mechanism of fall, we can lessen the financial burden on the NHS and minimise the radiation exposure to our patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Munir
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust
| | - T Shouter
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust
| | - H S Tay
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Gowthaman V, Singh SD, Dhama K, Ramakrishnan MA, Malik YPS, Gopala Krishna Murthy TR, Chitra R, Munir M. Co-infection of Newcastle disease virus genotype XIII with low pathogenic avian influenza exacerbates clinical outcome of Newcastle disease in vaccinated layer poultry flocks. Virusdisease 2019; 30:441-452. [PMID: 31803812 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-019-00533-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) and avian influenza (AI) are economically important infectious diseases of poultry. Sometime, concomitant secondary viral/or bacterial infections significantly alters the pathobiology of ND and AI in poultry. As of now, the disease patterns and dynamics of co-infections caused by ND virus (NDV, genotype XIII) and Low Pathogenic AI viruses (LPAI, H9N2) are explicitly elusive. Thus, we examined the clinicopathological disease conditions due to these two economically important viruses to understand the complex disease outcomes by virus-virus interactions in vaccinated flocks. The findings of clinicopathological and molecular investigations carried on 37 commercial ND vaccinated poultry flocks revealed simultaneous circulation of NDV and AIV in same flock/bird. Further, molecular characterization of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes confirmed that all the identified AIVs were of low pathogenicity H9N2 subtype and fusion (F) gene analysis of detected NDVs belong to NDV class II, genotype XIII, a virulent type. The NDV and H9N2 alone or co-infected flocks (NDV + LPAI) exhibit clinical signs and lesions similar to that of virulent NDV except the degree of severity, which was higher in H9N2-NDV co-infected flocks. Additionally, avian pathogenic E. coli and mycoplasma infections were detected in majority of the ailing/dead birds from the co-infected flocks during progression of the clinical disease. Overall, the findings highlight the multi-factorial disease complexity in commercial poultry and suggest the importance of NDV genotype XIII in intensifying the clinical disease in vaccinated birds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Gowthaman
- 1Avian Diseases Section, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122 India
- 2Present Address: Poultry Disease Diagnosis and Surveillance Laboratory, Veterinary College and Research Institute Campus, Namakkal, 637 002 India
| | - S D Singh
- 1Avian Diseases Section, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122 India
| | - K Dhama
- 1Avian Diseases Section, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122 India
| | - M A Ramakrishnan
- 3Division of Virology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar, Uttarakhand 263138 India
| | - Y P S Malik
- 4Division of Biological Standardisation, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122 India
| | - T R Gopala Krishna Murthy
- 2Present Address: Poultry Disease Diagnosis and Surveillance Laboratory, Veterinary College and Research Institute Campus, Namakkal, 637 002 India
| | - R Chitra
- 5Department of Animal Husbandry Statistics and Computer Applications, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal, 637 002 India
| | - M Munir
- 6Department of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YG UK
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Shabbir MZ, Sohail MU, Chaudhary UN, Yaqub W, Rashid I, Saleem MH, Munir M. Genetic characterization of canine parvovirus from dogs in Pakistan. Acta Virol 2017; 61:175-182. [PMID: 28523923 DOI: 10.4149/av_2017_02_06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Canine parvoviruses (CPV) exist as antigenic variants with varying frequencies and genetic variabilities across the globe. Given the endemicity and high prevalence in Pakistan, we characterized the CPVs originating from dogs-population to elucidate viral diversity and evolution. Fecal samples from clinically diseased pups (n = 17) of different breeds and age (2-6 months) were processed for hemagglutination assay (HA), and later for partial amplification of VP2 gene sequence and amino acid analysis. A total of 11 samples (64.71%) were found positive both in hemagglutination and PCR assays. Phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis demonstrated higher genetic heterogeneity in studied strains and constituted seven clusters within the CPV-2a group, however, they shared high level of identity with Chinese strains. Further studies are necessary to elucidate genetic analysis and epidemiology of CPV variants across a wide geographical area of the country.
Collapse
|
22
|
Munir M, Baloch M, Afghan S, Baloch A, Hashim M. Productivity-based evaluation of elite sugarcane cultivars for sustainable sugar production. Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.3920/qas2015.0824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Munir
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - M.K. Baloch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Bhakkar Campus, Bhakkar, Pakistan
| | - S. Afghan
- Shakkarganj Sugar Research Institute, Jhang, Pakistan
| | - A.K. Baloch
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - M.M. Hashim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Analysis of 108 cases of Neonatal Tetanus by using a scoring system (Tjandra et al., 1974) revealed that 18 patients belonged to Grade I with a mortality rate of 5.6%; 43 belonged to Grade II with a mortality nate of 58.1%; and 47 belonged to Grade III with 91.5% mortality. The differences of mortality between the 3 groups are statistically significant. Mortality rate of 1973 was the lowest (50%) compared to that of 1972 (75%); 1974 (72.2%) and 1975 (61.4%). However, the number of patients belonging to Grade I in 1973 was the highest, 36.4%; whereas that of 1972 was 16.7%; 1974 was 11.1% and 1975 was 9.1 %. Classification of severity in Neonatal Tetanus is therefore, not only important for selecting a "treatment of choice" by comparing mortality rates of those having the same grade of severity, but may be also very useful in determining the method of treatment for different levels of severity.
Collapse
|
24
|
Munir M, Amsden B, Dixon E, Vaillancourt L, Gauthier NAW. Characterization of Colletotrichum Species Causing Bitter Rot of Apple in Kentucky Orchards. Plant Dis 2016; 100:2194-2203. [PMID: 30682908 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-15-1144-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Multiple species of Colletotrichum can cause bitter rot disease of apple, but the identities and relative representation of the species causing the disease in Kentucky are unknown. In total, 475 Colletotrichum isolates were collected from diseased apple fruit in 25 counties and characterized both morphologically and by using various molecular approaches. Multigene sequence analyses revealed that sample isolates belonged to several newly erected species within the Colletotrichum acutatum and C. gloeosporioides species complexes. The isolates were identified as C. fioriniae and C. nymphaeae, which reside within the C. acutatum species complex, and C. siamense, C. theobromicola, and C. fructicola, which are placed within the C. gloeosporioides species complex. C. fioriniae was the most common species causing bitter rot in Kentucky, comprising more than 70% of the isolates. Infectivity tests on detached fruit showed that C. gloeosporioides species-complex isolates were more aggressive than isolates in the C. acutatum species complex. However, isolates within the C. acutatum species complex produced more spores on lesions compared with isolates within the C. gloeosporioides species complex. Aggressiveness varied among individual species within a species complex. C. siamense was the most aggressive species identified in this study. Within the C. acutatum species complex, C. fioriniae was more aggressive than C. nymphaeae, causing larger, deeper lesions. Apple cultivar did not have a significant effect on lesion development. However, Colletotrichum spp. produced more spores on 'Red Stayman Winesap' than on 'Golden Delicious'. Fungicide sensitivity tests revealed that the C. acutatum species complex was more tolerant to thiophanate-methyl, myclobutanil, trifloxystrobin, and captan compared with the C. gloeosporioides species complex. The study also revealed that mycelial growth of C. siamense was more sensitive to tested fungicides compared with C. fructicola and C. theobromicola. These research findings emphasize the importance of accurate identification of Colletotrichum spp. within each species complex, because they exhibit differences in pathogenicity and fungicide sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Munir
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40546-0312
| | - B Amsden
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40546-0312
| | - E Dixon
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40546-0312
| | - L Vaillancourt
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40546-0312
| | - N A Ward Gauthier
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40546-0312
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Rohaim MA, El-Naggar RF, Hamoud MM, Nasr SA, Ismael E, Laban SE, Ahmed HA, Munir M. Re-Emergence of a Novel H5N1 Avian Influenza Virus Variant Subclade 2.2.1.1 in Egypt During 2014. Transbound Emerg Dis 2016; 64:1306-1312. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. A. Rohaim
- Department of Virology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Cairo University; Giza Egypt
| | - R. F. El-Naggar
- Department of Virology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Sadat City; Giza Egypt
| | - M. M. Hamoud
- Department of Poultry and Rabbit Diseases; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Cairo University; Giza Egypt
| | - S. A. Nasr
- Department of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Management; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Cairo University; Giza Egypt
| | - E. Ismael
- Department of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Management; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Cairo University; Giza Egypt
| | - S. E. Laban
- Department of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Management; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Cairo University; Giza Egypt
| | - H. A. Ahmed
- Department of Virology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Cairo University; Giza Egypt
| | - M. Munir
- Avian Viral Diseases Programme; The Pirbright Institute; Woking Surrey UK
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hussain S, Malik K, Niaz T, Zafar S, Kazi A, Munir M, Yacob O, Shehzad R, Alam A, Maan S, Ahmed M, Rizvi N. Are medical practitioners ready enough to deal with HCV in Karachi, Pakistan? J Clin Virol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2015.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
27
|
Kgotlele T, Macha ES, Kasanga CJ, Kusiluka LJM, Karimuribo ED, Van Doorsselaere J, Wensman JJ, Munir M, Misinzo G. Partial genetic characterization of peste des petits ruminants virus from goats in northern and eastern Tanzania. Transbound Emerg Dis 2014; 61 Suppl 1:56-62. [PMID: 25135464 PMCID: PMC4260210 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an acute viral disease of small ruminants. The disease was first reported in Tanzania in 2008 when it was confined to the Northern Zone districts bordering Kenya. The present study was carried out to confirm the presence of PPR virus (PPRV) in Tanzania and to establish their phylogenetic relationships. Samples (oculonasal swabs, tissues and whole blood) were obtained from live goats with clinical presentation suggestive of PPR and goats that died naturally in Ngorongoro (Northern Tanzania) and Mvomero (Eastern Tanzania) districts. The clinical signs observed in goats suspected with PPR included fever, dullness, diarrhea, lacrimation, matting of eye lids, purulent oculonasal discharges, cutaneous nodules, erosions on the soft palate and gums and labored breathing. Post mortem findings included pneumonia, congestion of the intestines, and hemorrhages in lymph nodes associated with the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems. PPRV was detected in 21 out of 71 tested animals using primers targeting the nucleoprotein (N) gene. Phylogenetic analysis, based on the N gene, indicated that PPRV obtained from Northern and Eastern Tanzania clustered with PPRV strains of Lineage III, together with PPRV from Sudan and Ethiopia. The findings of this study indicate that there are active PPRV infections in Northern and Eastern Tanzania, suggesting risks for potential spread of PPR in the rest of Tanzania.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Kgotlele
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Roychoudhury P, Sarma DK, Rajkhowa S, Munir M, Kuchipudi SV. Predominance of genotype 1.1 and emergence of genotype 2.2 classical swine fever viruses in north-eastern region of India. Transbound Emerg Dis 2014; 61 Suppl 1:69-77. [PMID: 25135466 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Classical swine fever (CSF) is a highly contagious and the most important disease of pigs worldwide.CSF is enzootic in pig herds in India and continues to cause huge economic losses to pig farmers. Nearly 40% of the total pig population of India is present in the north-eastern (NE) states where pig husbandry plays an important role in the socio-economic development. Pigs reared in the backyards are the only source of livelihood for a majority of poor tribal population in the region. Hardly any CSF vaccination is currently being undertaken in the unorganized pig farming in the NE region due to economic reasons and vaccine unavailability. A thorough understanding of the current epidemiological status of CSF is essential for the effective control of the disease in the NE region. Hence, we carried out molecular characterization of CSFV isolates from field outbreaks during 2011-2012 in the entire north-eastern region of India to establish the genetic groups of prevalent CSF viruses in the region. A total of 17 CSFV isolates obtained from different parts of the NE region were characterized by comparing the sequences of three partial genomic regions of the virus, that is 150 nt of 5' UTR, 190 nt of E2 and 409 nt of NS5B. Of the 17 CSFV isolates, 15 isolates belonged to 1.1 (88.2%) and two isolates (11.8%) belonged to 2.2 subgenogroup. The genogroup 2.2 CSFV were associated with outbreaks in Arunachal Pradesh that shares international borders with Bhutan, Myanmar and China. Genogroup 2.2 CSFV isolated in the present study shared high level of sequence similarity with 2.2 viruses form China, raising the possibility of virus incursion from this region. In summary, we found a continued predominance of 1.1 subgroup and an emergence of 2.2 subgroup CSFV in NE region of India.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Roychoudhury
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Muniraju M, Mahapatra M, Ayelet G, Babu A, Olivier G, Munir M, Libeau G, Batten C, Banyard AC, Parida S. Emergence of Lineage IV Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus in Ethiopia: Complete Genome Sequence of an Ethiopian Isolate 2010. Transbound Emerg Dis 2014; 63:435-42. [PMID: 25400010 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Isolates of peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) can be segregated genetically into four lineages. For decades, lineages I-III have been reported across Africa whilst lineage IV has predominantly circulated across Asia. However, the lineage distribution is currently changing in Africa. Importantly, full genome sequence data for African field isolates have been lacking. Here, we announce the first complete genome sequence of a field isolate of peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) from East Africa. This isolate was derived from the intestine of a goat suffering from severe clinical disease during the 2010 outbreak in Ethiopia. The full genome sequence of this isolate, PPRV Ethiopia/2010, clusters genetically with other lineage IV isolates of PPRV, sharing high levels of sequence identity across the genome. Further, we have carried out a phylogenetic analysis of all of the available African partial N gene and F gene PPRV sequences to investigate the epidemiology of PPRV with a focus on the emergence of different lineages of PPRV in Africa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Muniraju
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, UK
| | - M Mahapatra
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, UK
| | - G Ayelet
- National Veterinary Institute, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia
| | - A Babu
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, UK
| | - G Olivier
- CIRAD, UMR CMAEE, Montpellier, France.,INRA, UMR 1309 CMAEE, Montpellier, France
| | - M Munir
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, UK
| | - G Libeau
- CIRAD, UMR CMAEE, Montpellier, France.,INRA, UMR 1309 CMAEE, Montpellier, France
| | - C Batten
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, UK
| | - A C Banyard
- Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Weybridge, Surrey, UK
| | - S Parida
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, UK
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Widén F, Leijon M, Olsson Engvall E, Muradrasoli S, Munir M, Belák S. Development of improved analytical methods for use in animal health and in foodborne disease surveillance for source attribution. REV SCI TECH OIE 2014; 32:549-58. [PMID: 24547658 DOI: 10.20506/rst.32.2.2240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Considering the 'One Health' principles, the links between animal and human health are very strong. Both domestic and wild animals are sources of infectious agents that cause diseases in humans. Poor animal health may also indirectly affect human health, through reduced access to food. A large number of infectious diseases of animals, the transboundary animal diseases, spread rapidly across borders. Robust and accurate diagnostic assays are needed to detect the infectious agents rapidly and to limit their spread. A large arsenal of novel assays has been developed during the last three decades, with a tremendous impact on the detection of infectious agents. The new diagnostic methods are mostly laboratory-based and expensive, requiring sophisticated equipment and special skills. However, rapid and cheap field-based assays have also been developed. Herein, the authors give several examples of the development of novel assays, with special focus on the 'One Health' principles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Widén
- Department of Virology, Immunobiology and Parasitology, National Veterinary Institute, Trawägen 22, 75189 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - M Leijon
- Department of Virology, Immunobiology and Parasitology, National Veterinary Institute, Trawägen 22, 75189 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - E Olsson Engvall
- Department of Bacteriology, European Union Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, National Veterinary Institute, Trawägen 22, 75189 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S Muradrasoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7036, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Munir
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7036, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S Belák
- Department of Virology, Immunobiology and Parasitology, National Veterinary Institute, Trawägen 22, 75189 Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abubakar M, Munir M. Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus: An Emerging Threat to Goat Farming in Pakistan. Transbound Emerg Dis 2014; 61 Suppl 1:7-10. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Abubakar
- National Veterinary Laboratory; Islamabad Pakistan
| | - M. Munir
- The Pirbright Institute; Newbury Berkshire UK
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Mankia K, Munir M, Collins D, Price E, Williamson L. THU0453 A pictorial information leaflet is useful for giant cell arteritis patients taking prednisolone. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-eular.2418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
33
|
Mankia K, Munir M, Collins D, Price E, Williamson L. SAT0467 Staying in work: Patient reported impact of rheumatic diseases on employment. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-eular.3413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
34
|
Munir M, Saeed A, Abubakar M, Kanwal S, Berg M. Molecular characterization of peste des petits ruminants viruses from outbreaks caused by unrestricted movements of small ruminants in pakistan. Transbound Emerg Dis 2013; 62:108-14. [PMID: 23590481 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an endemic disease of small ruminants, and vaccination has been the method of control but outbreaks are continuously occurring in Pakistan. The following study presents a detailed investigation of an outbreak, suspected to be PPR, probably introduced by PPRV-infected sheep and goats from Sindh Province (north-west) to Punjab Province (central) of Pakistan during the flood relief campaign in 2011. A total of 70 serum samples from 28 different flocks were tested with competitive ELISA (H antibodies), which detected 24 (34.2%) samples positive for PPRV antibodies. Nasal swabs and faeces were tested with immunocapture ELISA (N antigen), which detected 18 (25.7%) samples positive for PPRV antigen. The RNA detected positive (n = 28, 40%) using real-time PCR was subjected to conventional PCR for the amplification of the fusion and nucleoprotein genes. Sequencing of both genes and subsequent phylogenetic analysis indicated the grouping of all the sequences to be in lineage IV along with other Asian isolates of PPRV. However, sequences of both genes were divided into two groups within lineage IV. One group of viruses clustered with previously characterized Pakistani isolates, whereas the other group was distinctly clustered with isolates from the Middle East or India. The sequence identity indicated the introduction of at least one population of PPRV from a different source and circulation in the local flocks of small ruminants, which emphasized the need to obtain health clearance certificate before movement of animals. The results of this study provide baseline data for the genetic characterization of different PPRV populations in Pakistan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Munir
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Affiliation(s)
- M. Munir
- The Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU); Uppsala Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Munir M, Zohari S, Berg M. Newcastle disease virus in pakistan: genetic characterization and implication in molecular diagnosis. Indian J Virol 2012; 23:368-73. [PMID: 24293827 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-012-0073-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) is a fatal and contagious disease that poses a constant threat to the poultry industry around the globe. Due to the complex clinico-pathological picture and high genetic variability, the efficient diagnosis of NDV strains is a challenge. In an emerging wave of ND in the north of Pakistan, samples from six outbreaks in commercial poultry and two from healthy backyard poultry flocks were screened for NDV. A real-time PCR based on the fusion and polymerase genes of NDV detected all six isolates whereas a validated real-time PCR based on the matrix gene failed to detect any of these isolates, most likely due to substantial mismatches in the probe-binding site. All isolates have shown ICPI and MDT values similar to the velogenic form of NDV strains. The cleavage site in the F protein was found to be (112)RRQKR↓F(117), typical of virulent NDV. Phylogenetic reconstruction, based on fusion and matrix genes, provided enough evidences to consider these isolates as a new subgenotype within genotype VII. This study raised concerns about the genetic variability of NDV circulating in Pakistan, and sensitivity of the assays for the detection of the NDV isolates in clinical samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Munir
- Division of Virology, The Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Ulls väg 2B, 751 89 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Rashid R, Anwar K, Munir M, Ahmad Zahari M, Zakaria M, Habil H. P-1358 - Sleep disorders, psychiatric morbidity and substance use among motor vehicle accidents(MVA) attendees of accident emergency unit in University Malaya Medical Centre(UMMC), Kuala Lumpur. Eur Psychiatry 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(12)75525-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
|
38
|
Rea RD, Gregory S, Browne M, Iqbal M, Holloway S, Munir M, Rose H, Gray T, Prescott D, Jarvis S, DiStefano G, Tan GD. Integrated diabetes care in Derby: new NHS organisations for new NHS challenges. Practical Diabetes 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pdi.1624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
39
|
Munir M, Zohari S, Saeed A, Khan QM, Abubakar M, LeBlanc N, Berg M. Detection and phylogenetic analysis of peste des petits ruminants virus isolated from outbreaks in Punjab, Pakistan. Transbound Emerg Dis 2011; 59:85-93. [PMID: 21777402 DOI: 10.1111/j.1865-1682.2011.01245.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) is an important viral disease of small ruminants and is endemic in Pakistan. In the following study, samples from two outbreaks of PPR in goats have been subjected to laboratory investigations. The Peste des Petits Ruminants virus (PPRV) genome was detected using both conventional and real-time PCR. Genetic characterization of the local PPRV field isolates was conducted by sequencing 322 bp of the fusion (F) gene and 255 bp of the nucleoprotein (N) gene. The phylogenetic tree based on the F gene clustered samples from both outbreaks into lineage 4 along with other Asian isolates, specifically into subcluster 1 along with isolates from Middle East. Analysis of N gene revealed a different pattern. In this case, the Pakistani samples clustered with Chinese, Tajikistani and Iranian isolates, which probably represents the true geographical pattern of virus circulation. This is the first report presenting the phylogenetic tree based on N gene as well as performing a parallel comparison of the trees of F and N gene together from Pakistani isolates. The results of this study shed light on the PPRV population in Pakistan and emphasize the importance of using molecular methods to understand the epidemiology. Such understanding is essential in any efforts to control the number and impact of outbreaks that are occurring in endemic countries such as Pakistan, especially in the current scenario where OIE and FAO are eager to control and subsequently eradicate PPR from the globe, as has been achieved for Rinderpest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Munir
- The Division of Virology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Tanveer MK, Kamran A, Abbas M, Umer NC, Azhar MA, Munir M. Prevalence and chemo-therapeutical investigations of gastrointestinal nematodes in domestic pigeons in Lahore, Pakistan. Trop Biomed 2011; 28:102-110. [PMID: 21602775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes was studied in 143 (80 male and 63 female) domestic pigeons. Faecal samples were collected to determine the gastrointestinal nematodes of domestic pigeons through qualitative and quantitative faecal examinations. A total of 48 (male 33 and 25 female) naturally infected domestic pigeons were divided into G1 (albendzdole) and G2 (fenbendazole) treatment-groups along with one control group (C). The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes was 40.5% (58/143) in domestic pigeons. Likewise, the prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes in males and females was found 41.3% (33/58) and 39.7% (25/58) respectively. The overall prevalence of Capillaria obsignata and Ascaridia columbae was found to be 67.2% and 32.8%, respectively. The prevalence of C. obsignata and A. columbae in males was 72.7% (24/33) and 27.8% (9/33) and in females was 60% (15/25) and 40% (10/25), respectively. There was no significant sex related difference seen in the prevalence of C. obsignata (p>0.56) and A. columbae (p>0.40) in domestic pigeons, respectively. The overall efficacy of albendazole and fenbendazole was calculated to be 66% and 71%. A remarkable significant difference (p<0.05) was observed in eggs per gram before and after treatment in both G1 and G2 treated-groups. The efficacy of fenbendazole was found to be more significant (p<0.02) than albendazole.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M K Tanveer
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Skövde, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Rahim M, Kazi B, Bile K, Munir M, Khan A. The impact of the disease early warning system in responding to natural disasters and conflict crises in Pakistan. East Mediterr Health J 2010. [DOI: 10.26719/2010.16.supp.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
42
|
Jabeen A, Munir M, Khalil A, Masood M, Akhter P. Occupational exposure from external radiation used in medical practices in Pakistan by film badge dosimetry. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2010; 140:396-401. [PMID: 20418331 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncq134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Occupational exposure data of workers due to external sources of radiation in various medical practices such as nuclear medicine (NM), radiotherapy and diagnostic radiology (DR) in Pakistan were collected and analysed. Whole-body doses of workers were measured by film badge dosimetry technique during 2003-2007. Annual average effective dose in NM, radiotherapy and DR varied in the range of 1.39-1.80, 1.05-1.45 and 1.22-1.71 mSv, respectively, during 2003-2007. These values are quite low and well below the annual limit of 20 mSv averaged over a period of 5 consecutive years. Nobody received the radiation dose >50 mSv in any single year over a period of 5 consecutive years; therefore, no overexposure case has been detected. Decreasing trend of annual average dose values in aforementioned categories of work during 2003-2007 indicates the improvement of radiation protection status in medical field in Pakistan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Jabeen
- Radiation Dosimetry Group, Health Physics Division, Directorate of Systems and Services, Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology (PINSTECH), Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Shaikh MF, Shenker NG, Dale J, Else S, Stirling A, France J, Gordon MM, Hunter J, Porter D, Smith R, Khan J, Chan A, Paskins Z, John H, Hassell A, Rowe IF, Al-Mossawi MH, Chambers T, Greenbank C, Bronwen E, Halsey J, Bukhari M, Pearce FA, Lanyon P, Zakout S, Clarke L, Kirwan J, Marie Smith A, Lingard L, Heslop P, Walker DJ, Miller A, Johnston M, Timms A, Misbah S, Luqmani R, Bamji A, Lane J, Donnelly AA, Halsey JP, Bukhari MA, van Vollenhoven R, Cifaldi M, Roy S, Chen N, Gotlieb L, Malaise M, Ara R, Rafia R, Packham J, Haywood K, Healey E, Jones EA, Jones GT, Hannaford PC, Keeley P, Lovell K, McBeth J, McNamee P, Prescott GJ, Woby S, Macfarlane GJ, Munir M, Joshi AR, Johnson H, Smith EC, Poole CD, Lebmeier M, Currie CJ, Clark H, Rome K, Atkinson I, Plant M, Dixon J, Baskar S, Erb N, Whallett AJ, Arhinful-Adjapong A, Hawksley J, Tillett W, Green S, Tan WS, Pauling J, Michell L, Russell J, Derham S, Korendowych E, Bojke C, Cifaldi M, Ray S, Van Hout B, Grigor C, Porter D, Toner V, Stirling A, McEntegart A, Seng Edwin Lim C, Low ST, Joshi N, Walton T, Sanderson T, Morris M, Calnan M, Richards P, Hewlett S, Waller RD, Collins DA, Williamson LJ, Price EJ, Judge A, Dieppe PA, Arden NK, Cooper C, Carr A, Javaid K, Field R, Rafia R, Ara R, Lebmeier M. Health Services Research, Economics and Outcomes Research [86-113]: 86. What Happens to Patients with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome of Greater than 12 Months' Duration? Rheumatology (Oxford) 2010. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keq720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
44
|
Rahim M, Kazi BM, Bile KM, Munir M, Khan AR. The impact of the disease early warning system in responding to natural disasters and conflict crises in Pakistan. East Mediterr Health J 2010; 16 Suppl:S114-S121. [PMID: 21495597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The disease early warning system (DEWS) was introduced in the immediate aftermath of the 2005 earthquake in Pakistan, with the objective to undertake prompt investigation and mitigation of disease outbreaks. The DEWS network was replicated successfully during subsequent flood and earthquake disasters as well as during the 2008-09 internally displaced persons' crisis. DEWS-generated alerts, prompt investigations and timely responses had an effective contribution to the control of epidemics. Through DEWS, 1360 reported alerts during 2005-09 averted the risk of disease outbreaks through pre-emptive necessary measures, while the 187 confirmed outbreaks were effectively controlled. In the aftermath of the disasters, DEWS technology also facilitated the development of a disease-surveillance system that became an integral part of the district health system. This study aims to report the DEWS success and substantiate its lead role as a priority emergency health response intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Rahim
- World Health Organization, Country Office, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Munir M, Ahmad N, Sohail S, Naveed RA, Rafiq MQ, Khalid M. Design and development of a portable gamma radiation monitor. Rev Sci Instrum 2009; 80:073101. [PMID: 19655937 DOI: 10.1063/1.3160292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A portable gamma radiation monitor has been designed and developed. The monitor can be used effectively in the dose range from 0.07 to 500 mGy/h due to gamma rays of energy greater than 65 keV. The monitor overestimated radiation doses and the uncertainty in the measured dose rate has been found to be < or = 30%. The response of the monitor can be considered isotropic within an acceptable error of +/-30%. Provision has also been added to use the monitor as an installed radiation monitor. In installed mode, it can be operated from a remote location up to 1 km and the timing history can be stored on a personal computer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Munir
- Health Physics Division, Directorate of Systems and Services, Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology (PINSTECH), Nilore, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Munir M, Siddique M, Shehzad A, Zohari S, Stahl K. Seroprevalence of Antibodies to Peste Des Petits Ruminants at Various
Governmental Livestock Farms of Punjab, Pakistan. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.3923/aje.2008.82.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
47
|
Aziz N, Hasan S, Munir M, Tayyab M, Chaudrhy NA. Risk to household contacts of tuberculous patients based on Mantoux test and antibody titre. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2008; 20:47-50. [PMID: 19385457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis, being an infectious disease, carries a risk of infection to contacts attending tuberculous patients. This study was conducted to evaluate the risk for household contacts of tuberculous patients as compared to non-contacts. The study was conducted at PGMI, Gulab Devi Hospital and Defence Housing Authority Lahore. The study included 120 household contacts and 80 non-contacts. METHODS A Cross sectional study for evaluation of antituberculous antibodies levels by ELISA method in two groups; Mantoux positive household contacts 49, Mantoux negative household contacts 71 and normal healthy persons 'non contacts' 80. Routine Haematological investigations like HB, TLC and ESR were done by conventional methods and all the sera of 200 subjects included in the study were tested for IgM, IgG and IgA anti tuberculous antibodies by enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). Purified protein derivative 0.1 ml containing 5 TU was injected intradermally. The test was read after 72 hours by measuring the induration around injection site of forearm. RESULTS There was no difference in the average age of the household contacts and non-contacts. The complaints of pyrexia, night sweats and weight loss were more in house hold contacts as compared to non-contacts. The awareness about BCG vaccination was equal in both. There were 49 contacts with positive Mantoux test while negative Mantoux test was found in 71 contacts. There were only three Mantoux positive among eighty non-contacts. There was no significant difference in the presence of IgM among household contacts as compared to non-contacts. However both IgG and IgA were present in significantly higher number of household contacts compared to non-contacts. CONCLUSION Household contacts of patients suffering from active pulmonary tuberculosis have more chances of being infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis as compared to the healthy non-contact, as shown by the higher levels of antituberculous antibodies & positivity of Mantoux test.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Aziz
- Department of Pathology, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Munir M, Shankar K, Payvar S, Eftekhari H, Brewer A, Robertson J, Stupin I, Sobash E, Casscells S, Ahmed A. Measurement of Physical Changes in the Myocardium for Development of Novel Methods for Diagnosing Ischemia. Curr Cardiol Rev 2007. [DOI: 10.2174/157340307782418433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
49
|
Adams SR, Munir M, Valdés VM, Langton FA, Jackson SD. Using flowering times and leaf numbers to model the phases of photoperiod sensitivity in Antirrhinum majus L. Ann Bot 2003; 92:689-96. [PMID: 14500328 PMCID: PMC4244858 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcg194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
A model has been developed that can be used to determine the phases of sensitivity to photoperiod for seedlings subjected to reciprocal transfers at regular intervals between long (LD) and short day (SD) conditions. The novel feature of this approach is that it enables the simultaneous analysis of the time to flower and number of leaves below the inflorescence. A range of antirrhinum cultivars were grown, all of which were shown to be quantitative long-day plants. Seedlings were effectively insensitive to photoperiod when very young (juvenile). However, after the end of the juvenile phase, SD delayed flowering and increased the number of leaves below the inflorescence. Plants transferred from LD to SD showed a sudden hastening of flowering and a decrease in leaf number once sufficient LD had been received for flower commitment. Photoperiod had little effect on the rate of flower development. The analysis clearly identified major cultivar differences in the length of the juvenile phase and the photoperiod-sensitive inductive phase in both LD and SD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S R Adams
- Horticulture Research International, Wellesbourne, Warwick CV35 9EF, UK.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Babar MM, Rashid A, Jan M, Munir M, Haider Z. Rational prescription of medicines--a study of indoor patients at a tertiary care hospital. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2001; 13:17-8. [PMID: 11732214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A study was conducted at Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad, a tertiary hospital, to know whether drugs are prescribed rationally keeping in mind indications, interactions, contraindications, proper dosage and economy of the patient. METHODS The study was a descriptive case study. Records of 200 patients admitted in various units of the hospital were analysed by a panel of pharmacologists and conclusions drawn. RESULTS It was found that only 52% of patients receive prescriptions that were rationale in all aspects. Where as in rest of the patients the rationale could be challenged. CONCLUSION This study stresses the need for more concentrated and dedicated effort towards prescription of medicines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M M Babar
- Pharmacology Department, Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|